T.C.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay<\/p>\n
Hukuk Genel Kurulu<\/p>\n
2013\/494 E., 2014\/153 K.<\/p>\n
“\u0130\u00e7tihat Metni”<\/p>\n
MAHKEMES\u0130 : \u0130stanbul 9. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi
\nTAR\u0130H\u0130 : 06\/12\/2012
\nNUMARASI : 2012\/315-2012\/429<\/p>\n
Taraflar aras\u0131ndaki \u201c\u00f6nal\u0131m\u201d davas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda; Beyo\u011flu 3.Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesince davan\u0131n reddine dair verilen, 05.05.2011 g\u00fcn ve 2010\/131 E., 2011\/137 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131n incelenmesi davac\u0131 vekili ve daval\u0131 vekili taraf\u0131ndan istenilmesi \u00fczerine, Yarg\u0131tay 6.Hukuk Dairesinin 17.01.2012 g\u00fcn ve 2011\/13040 E., 2012\/160 K. say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131 ile;<\/p>\n
(…Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ile daval\u0131 ad\u0131na olan tapu kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n iptaline, davac\u0131 ad\u0131na tesciline ili\u015fkindir. Mahkemece davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmesi \u00fczerine h\u00fck\u00fcm davac\u0131 vekili ve daval\u0131 vekili taraf\u0131ndan ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 temyiz edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu’nun 735. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen ve tapu k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u015ferh verilen s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 \u015ferhte belirtilen s\u00fcrede ve belirtilen ko\u015fullara g\u00f6re her malike kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131labilir. K\u00fct\u00fckte ko\u015fullar belirtilmemi\u015f ise ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye sat\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ko\u015fullar esas al\u0131n\u0131r. \u015eerhin etkisi her durumda \u015ferhin verildi\u011fi tarihin \u00fczerinden on y\u0131l ge\u00e7mekle sona erer.<\/p>\n
Bu nitelikteki bir \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle bir \u00f6nal\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ile mal sahibi m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 ileri bir tarihte devir borcu alt\u0131na girmi\u015f olur. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n onal\u0131m alacakl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n onal\u0131m akdine konu edilen mal\u0131n m\u00fclkiyetinin kendisine devir edilmesini isteme hakk\u0131 do\u011far.
\nS\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 \u015fahsi bir hakt\u0131r. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin taraf\u0131 olanlar i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade eder. Ayni bir hak olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ayn\u0131 zamanda nispi bir hakt\u0131r. \u00d6nal\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin tapuya \u015ferh edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 \u015fahsi nitelik ta\u015f\u0131yan hakka ayni hak vasf\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131r\u0131r. \u015eerh bu hakk\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirir ve herkese kar\u015f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir hale getirir. Hakk\u0131n tapuya \u015ferh edilmesi mal sahibinin ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n\u0131 satmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemez. \u00d6nal\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi tapu siciline tescil edildikten sonra mal sahibi ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye satarsa o takdirde alacakl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda da onal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilir.<\/p>\n
Olay\u0131m\u0131za gelince: dava konusu edilen K… Mahallesi 14 ve 75 No\u2019lu parseldeki 120\/960’\u015far pay ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta miras b\u0131rakan N.. M.. M… ad\u0131na kay\u0131tl\u0131 iken 22.6.2000 tarihinde \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra bir araya gelen miras\u00e7\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, davac\u0131 A.. S… M.. ve sat\u0131c\u0131 payda\u015flar R.. ve A.. M… M.. Be\u015fikta\u015f 6 Noterli\u011fi’nce d\u00fczenlenen miras taksim s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile 14 ve 75 No’lu parseldeki paylar\u0131 60\/960 pay davac\u0131ya, 30\/960’\u015far pay di\u011fer karde\u015flere kalacak \u015fekilde taksim etmi\u015flerdir. Miras taksim s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi i\u00e7eri\u011fine g\u00f6re “i\u015fbu miras s\u00f6zle\u015fmesindeki miras\u00e7\u0131 taraflar kendi hisselerine d\u00fc\u015fen pay\u0131 bir ba\u015fkas\u0131na satmak isterse iyi niyet gere\u011fi \u00f6ncelikle, di\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131lara sat\u0131n alma teklifini yapmak ile y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr” Davac\u0131, miras taksim s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini 12.11.2009 tarihinde tapu siciline tescil ettirmi\u015ftir. Tapunun beyanlar hanesinde de R.. M.. , A.. S.. M.. ve A.. M.. M..’\u0131n hisselerini miras\u00e7\u0131lar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fah\u0131slara sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda muvafakat alacaklar\u0131 \u015ferh edilmi\u015ftir. Davac\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki karde\u015fler 2.12.2009 tarihinde ke\u015fide ve 4.12.2009 tarihinde tebli\u011f ettirdikleri ihtarname ile dava konusu paylar\u0131n\u0131 satmak istediklerini, aralar\u0131ndaki miras taksim s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ve iyi niyet kurallar\u0131 gere\u011fi ilk teklifi davac\u0131ya yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, her iki karde\u015fin paylar\u0131na ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 800.000 TL de\u011fer bi\u00e7tiklerini, bu bedelin on g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde dava konusu paylar\u0131 ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn tapuda intikal ettireceklerini bildirmi\u015ftir. Davac\u0131 ise 11.12.2009 tarihli cevabi ihtarnamesi ile pay de\u011ferlerinin fahi\u015f olup her bir karde\u015fin pay\u0131 i\u00e7in 250.000’\u015far TL \u00f6demeye haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu beyan etmi\u015ftir. Pe\u015fi s\u0131ra payda\u015flar R.. ve A.. M.. M.. 14 No\u2019lu parseldeki paylar\u0131n\u0131 toplam 500.000 TL ve 14 No\u2019lu parseldeki paylar\u0131n\u0131 toplam 300.000 TL bedelle 22.1.2010 tarihinde daval\u0131 H.. A.. A..’a satm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Davac\u0131 ise 5.4.2010 tarihinde a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu i\u015fbu dava ile s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden kaynaklanan \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmi\u015ftir. Taraflar aras\u0131ndaki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k, miras taksim s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde yer alan d\u00fczenlemenin s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan onal\u0131m hakk\u0131 niteli\u011finde olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve tapu siciline \u015ferh verilip verilmedi\u011fi noktalar\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131, payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine tabi ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda pay\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fahsa sat\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde, di\u011fer payda\u015flara o pay\u0131 \u00f6ncelikle sat\u0131n alma yetkisini veren bir hakt\u0131r. Bu hak payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet ili\u015fkisi kuruldu\u011fu anda do\u011far ve pay\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye sat\u0131lmas\u0131 ile de kullan\u0131labilir hale gelir. Bu \u015fekilde ta\u015f\u0131nmaza yabanc\u0131 ki\u015filerin payda\u015f olarak girmelerinin ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7alara b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinin engellenmesi ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Miras taksim s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde de, miras\u00e7\u0131lardan birinin pay\u0131n\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015fiye satmak istemesi halinde \u00f6ncelikle di\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131lara teklif etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki d\u00fczenleme, \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanan ama\u00e7lar\u0131na hizmet eder niteliktedir. Bu durumda miras\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda akdi onal\u0131m anla\u015fmas\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc gerekir. Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun 213\/3 maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fc gere\u011fi yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu \u00f6nal\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ge\u00e7erlidir ve ba\u011flar. Di\u011fer yandan 12.11.2009 tarihinde bu anla\u015fma tapu sicilinin beyanlar hanesine R.. M.. , A.. S.. M.. ve A.. M.. M..’\u0131n hisselerini miras\u00e7\u0131lar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fah\u0131slara sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda muvafakat alacaklar\u0131 \u015feklinde \u015ferh edildi\u011finden \u015fahsi nitelik ta\u015f\u0131yan hak, ayn\u0131 hak vasf\u0131n\u0131 da kazanm\u0131\u015f ve herkese kar\u015f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir hale gelmi\u015ftir. Bu halde davac\u0131n\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fma ve bu anla\u015fman\u0131n tapuya \u015ferh edilmesi nedeniyle dava konusu pay\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi durumundaki daval\u0131ya sat\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden kaynaklanan onal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131nda bir usuls\u00fczl\u00fck bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Kald\u0131 ki davac\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda tapu payda\u015f\u0131 olarak yasal \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 sahibidir. Bu durumda mahkemece i\u015fin esas\u0131 incelenerek sonucuna g\u00f6re bir karar verilmesi gerekirken yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011finden karar\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 gerekmi\u015ftir…) gerek\u00e7esiyle bozularak dosya yerine geri \u00e7evrilmekle, yeniden yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda, mahkemece \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Hukuk Genel Kurulunca incelenerek direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresinde temyiz edildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131ktan ve dosyadaki ka\u011f\u0131tlar okunduktan sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
Dava, \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131na dayal\u0131 tapu iptali ve tescil istemine ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
Davac\u0131 vekili, m\u00fcvekkilinin murisi N.. M.. M..’\u0131n vefat\u0131ndan sonra, di\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131lar A.. M… M.. ve R… M… ile 16 Ekim 2009 tarihinde \u201cD\u00fczenleme \u015eeklinde Miras Taksim S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u201d yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmedeki taraflar\u0131n miras\u0131n ne \u015fekilde taksim edilece\u011fini, miras yolu ile sahip olduklar\u0131 hisselerin aile i\u00e7inde kalmas\u0131n\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye g\u00f6re miras taksim s\u00f6zle\u015fmesindeki miras\u00e7\u0131 taraflar kendi hisselerine d\u00fc\u015fen pay\u0131 bir ba\u015fkas\u0131na satmak isterse iyi niyet gere\u011fi \u00f6ncelikle di\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131lara sat\u0131n alma teklifini yapmak ile y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olduklar\u0131n\u0131, miras taksim ve \u00f6n al\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin tapuya beyanlar hanesine yazd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bundan sonra, m\u00fcvekkilinin karde\u015fleri, R… M.. ve A.. M.. M..\u2019\u0131n 02.12.2009 tarihli ihtarname ile m\u00fcvekkile, \u00f6n al\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine konu edilen 2 adet ta\u015f\u0131nmazlardaki hisselerini 10 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde 1.600.000.-TL bedel ile satmay\u0131 teklif ettiklerini, 11 Aral\u0131k 2009 tarihli cevab\u0131 ihtarname ile teklif edilen sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin fahi\u015f oldu\u011funu, bu \u015fekilde y\u00f6neltilen teklifin m\u00fcvekkilin s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan haklar\u0131n\u0131 bertaraf etmeye y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011funu, ta\u015f\u0131nmazlardaki hisseleri 250.000.-‘\u015fer TL de\u011fer ile sat\u0131n almaya haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu, sat\u0131\u015f bedelini 25.12.2009 tarihinde Tapu Memuru huzurunda bloke \u00e7ek veya nakit olarak \u00f6demeye haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu bildirdi\u011fini, R.. M.. ve A.. M.. M..\u2019\u0131n 21.01.2010 tarihinde \u0130stanbul ili, Beyo\u011flu il\u00e7esi, K… mahallesi, 123 Pafta, 94 Ada 14 ve 75 nolu parsellerdeki paylar\u0131n\u0131 daval\u0131 H… A.. A..’a satt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirterek, akit ile kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan \u00f6n al\u0131m hakk\u0131 nedeniyle, dava konusu 94 Ada 14 ve 75 No\u2019lu parsellerde, daval\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcvekkilimin karde\u015fleri R… M.. ve A.. M… M..’tan sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 hisselerin iptali ile tapuda m\u00fcvekkili ad\u0131na tesciline karar verilmesini talep ve dava etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Daval\u0131 vekili, davac\u0131 ve karde\u015fleri aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin miras taksimine ili\u015fkin oldu\u011funu, \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, 16 Ekim 2009 tarihli miras taksim s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde yer alan “i\u015fbu miras taksim s\u00f6zle\u015fmesindeki miras\u00e7\u0131 taraflar, kendi hisselerine d\u00fc\u015fen pay\u0131. bir ba\u015fkas\u0131na satmak isterse iyi niyet gere\u011fi \u00f6ncelikle di\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131lara sat\u0131n alma teklifini yapmak ile y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcrler.” \u015eeklindeki belirtmenin \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 vermedi\u011fini, Tapu Sicil T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 55. maddesinde \u015ferhe tabi haklar\u0131n say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, miras taksim s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin \u015ferhe tabi bir hak olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, MK 676. maddesine g\u00f6re miras taksim s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, davac\u0131 taraf\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli oldu\u011funu belirterek davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmesini istemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Mahkemece, \u201c\u2026dava konusu miras taksim s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine yaz\u0131lan “\u0130\u015f bu miras taksim s\u00f6zle\u015fmesindeki miras\u00e7\u0131 taraflar kendi hisselerine d\u00fc\u015fen pay\u0131 bir ba\u015fkas\u0131na satmak isterse iyi niyet gere\u011fi \u00f6ncelikle di\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131lara sat\u0131n alma teklifini yapmak ile y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcrler” \u015feklindeki belirtme birlikte nazara al\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131nda, miras taksim s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde ge\u00e7en ibare i\u00e7erisinde ” \u015fuf’a ” veya ” \u00f6n al\u0131m” kelimelerine yer verilmedi\u011fi, Miras taksim s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde yer alan teklif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn sat\u0131mdan \u00f6nce yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u00f6n al\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n Medeni Kanunun 733.maddesi uyar\u0131nca sat\u0131mdan sonra do\u011facak bir hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, somut olayda Medeni Kanun anlam\u0131nda bir \u00f6n al\u0131m (\u015fuf’a) hakk\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilemeyece\u011fi, bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Tapu Sicili Nizamnamesinin 55. Maddesi \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir \u015fekilde ” \u00f6n al\u0131m” (\u015fuf’a) hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u015ferhine y\u00f6nelik bir \u00f6n al\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin miras taksim s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden ayr\u0131 olarak ve BK. 213 maddesi anlam\u0131nda taraflar aras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenip Tapu Sicil M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne verilmedi\u011fi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Tapu k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn beyanlar hanesine i\u015flenen mevcut \u00f6n al\u0131m hakk\u0131 ibaresinin herhangi bir sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmayaca\u011f\u0131, kald\u0131 ki, tapu k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn beyanlar hanesine b\u00f6yle bir ibarenin kaydedilece\u011fine ili\u015fkin herhangi bir d\u00fczenlemenin de mevcut olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7 ve kanatine ula\u015f\u0131lmakla a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde davan\u0131n reddine karar vermek gerekmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d gerek\u00e7eleri ile davan\u0131n reddine dair verilen karar, davac\u0131 ve daval\u0131 vekillerinin temyizi \u00fczerine; \u00d6zel Daire\u2019ce, yukar\u0131da yaz\u0131l\u0131 gerek\u00e7eyle bozulmu\u015f; Yerel Mahkemece, \u00f6nceki gerek\u00e7eler tekrarlanmak suretiyle ve ayr\u0131ca daval\u0131n\u0131n 14 nolu parselde 23.11.1993 ve 75 nolu parselde de 03.12.1993 tarihinden beri payda\u015f oldu\u011fu MK.nun 732.maddesi gere\u011fince daval\u0131 payda\u015fa kar\u015f\u0131 kanuni \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n da kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7eleri ile direnme karar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Direnme karar\u0131n\u0131 davac\u0131 vekili temyiz etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Direnme yoluyla Hukuk Genel Kurulu \u00f6n\u00fcne gelen uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k; davac\u0131 ve daval\u0131ya dava konusu edilen paylar\u0131 satan dava d\u0131\u015f\u0131 A.. M.. M.. ve R.. M.. aras\u0131nda 16.10.2009 tarihinde yap\u0131lan \u201cMiras Taksim S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 belgede yer alan \u201c\u0130\u015fbu miras taksim s\u00f6zle\u015fmesindeki miras\u00e7\u0131 taraflar kendi hisselerine d\u00fc\u015fen pay\u0131 bir ba\u015fkas\u0131na satmak isterse iyi niyet gere\u011fi \u00f6ncelikle di\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131lara sat\u0131n alma teklifini yapmak ile y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcrler.\u201d \u0130fadesinin; 12.11.2009 tarihinde taraflar\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131 ile tapunun beyanlar hanesine \u201cR.. M.., A.. M.. ve A..M..M..\u2019\u0131n hisselerini miras\u00e7\u0131lar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fah\u0131slara sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda muvafakat alacaklard\u0131r. Veraset vergi ili\u015fi\u011fi eksik olup \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fah\u0131slara sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda veraset vergi ili\u015fi\u011fi kestirilecektir.\u201d ibaresinin yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n davac\u0131ya s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye dayal\u0131 \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 verip vermeyece\u011fi; ayr\u0131ca daval\u0131n\u0131n paylar\u0131n devrinden \u00f6nce dava konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda payda\u015f olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktalar\u0131nda toplanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine tabi ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda bir payda\u015f\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerindeki pay\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131smen veya tamamen \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015fiye satmas\u0131 halinde di\u011fer payda\u015flara bu sat\u0131lan pay\u0131 \u00f6ncelikle sat\u0131n alma yetkisi veren bir hakt\u0131r. Bu hak payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet ili\u015fkisi kuruldu\u011fu anda do\u011far ve sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131yla kullan\u0131labilir hale gelir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 al\u0131c\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 ancak dava a\u00e7mak suretiyle kullan\u0131l\u0131r. T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 733\/3. maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fcyle yap\u0131lan sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n al\u0131c\u0131 veya sat\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan di\u011fer payda\u015flara noter arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bildirme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n hak sahibine bildirildi\u011fi tarihin \u00fczerinden \u00fc\u00e7 ay ve her halde sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00fczerinden iki y\u0131l ge\u00e7mekle d\u00fc\u015fer. Bu s\u00fcre hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcre olup mahkemece kendili\u011finden g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6nal\u0131m davas\u0131n\u0131n daval\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin ta\u015f\u0131nmazdaki pay\u0131 sat\u0131n almadan \u00f6nce o ta\u015f\u0131nmazda payda\u015f ise bu payda\u015f hakk\u0131nda \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 kullan\u0131lamaz. Zira yasada bir payda\u015f\u0131n pay\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fahsa satmas\u0131 halinde \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Payda\u015f \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi say\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131ndan payda\u015f\u0131n payda\u015f aleyhine \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olamaz. Dava hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin bu hususun davan\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131nda kendili\u011finden g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmas\u0131 gerekir.
\nT\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu’nun 735. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen ve tapu k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u015ferh verilen s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 \u015ferhte belirtilen s\u00fcrede ve belirtilen ko\u015fullara g\u00f6re her malike kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131labilir. K\u00fct\u00fckte ko\u015fullar belirtilmemi\u015f ise ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye sat\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ko\u015fullar esas al\u0131n\u0131r. \u015eerhin etkisi her durumda \u015ferhin verildi\u011fi tarihin \u00fczerinden on y\u0131l ge\u00e7mekle sona erer.<\/p>\n
Bu nitelikteki bir \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle bir \u00f6nal\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ile mal sahibi m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 ileri bir tarihte devir borcu alt\u0131na girmi\u015f olur. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n onal\u0131m alacakl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n onal\u0131m akdine konu edilen mal\u0131n m\u00fclkiyetinin kendisine devir edilmesini isteme hakk\u0131 do\u011far.
\nS\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 \u015fahsi bir hak olup, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin taraf\u0131 olanlar i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade eder. Ancak \u00f6nal\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin tapuya \u015ferh edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 halinde \u015fahsi nitelik ta\u015f\u0131yan bu hak ayni hak niteli\u011fini kazan\u0131r ve herkese kar\u015f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir hale gelir. Hakk\u0131n tapuya \u015ferh edilmesi mal sahibinin ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n\u0131 satmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemez. \u00d6nal\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi tapu siciline tescil edildikten sonra mal sahibi ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye satarsa o takdirde alacakl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda da onal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilir.<\/p>\n
Somut olayda, dava konusu edilen K.. Mahallesi 14 ve 75 No\u2019lu parseldeki 120\/960’\u015far pay muris N.. M.. M.. ad\u0131na kay\u0131tl\u0131 iken, miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 olan davac\u0131 A.. M.. ve sat\u0131c\u0131 payda\u015flar R.. ve A.. M.. M..\u2019\u0131n miras taksim s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile 14 ve 75 No’lu parseldeki paylar\u0131 60\/960 pay davac\u0131ya, 30\/960’\u015far pay di\u011fer karde\u015flere kalacak \u015fekilde taksim ettikleri, bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmede; “i\u015fbu miras s\u00f6zle\u015fmesindeki miras\u00e7\u0131 taraflar kendi hisselerine d\u00fc\u015fen pay\u0131 bir ba\u015fkas\u0131na satmak isterse iyi niyet gere\u011fi \u00f6ncelikle, di\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131lara sat\u0131n alma teklifini yapmak ile y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr” ifadesine yer verdikleri, davac\u0131n\u0131n miras taksim s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini 12.11.2009 tarihinde tapu siciline tescil ettirdi\u011fi, tapunun beyanlar hanesinde de R… M.., A.. M.. ve A.. M… M..’\u0131n hisselerini miras\u00e7\u0131lar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fah\u0131slara sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda muvafakat alacaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u015ferh edildi\u011fi, davaya konu paylara ili\u015fkin davac\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki payda\u015flar\u0131n 02.12.2009 ke\u015fide, 4.12.2009 tebli\u011f tarihli ihtarname ile dava konusu paylar\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 800.000 TL bedelle davac\u0131ya satmak istediklerini bildirdikleri, davac\u0131n\u0131n, 11.12.2009 tarihli cevabi ihtarnamesi ile pay de\u011ferlerinin fahi\u015f olup her bir pay i\u00e7in 250.000’\u015far TL \u00f6demeye haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu bildirdi\u011fi, payda\u015flar R.. ve A.. M… M..\u2019\u0131n 14 No\u2019lu parseldeki paylar\u0131n\u0131 toplam 500.000 TL ve 14 No\u2019lu parseldeki paylar\u0131n\u0131 toplam 300.000 TL bedelle 22.01.2010 tarihinde daval\u0131 H.. A..’a satt\u0131klar\u0131, davac\u0131n\u0131n 05.04.2010 tarihinde a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu eldeki dava ile s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden kaynaklanan \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 nedeniyle tapuda daval\u0131 ad\u0131na kay\u0131tl\u0131 paylar\u0131n iptali ile kendi ad\u0131na tescilini talep etti\u011fi hususlar\u0131nda herhangi bir \u00e7eki\u015fme bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Davac\u0131 ve daval\u0131ya pay satan dava d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ki\u015filer aras\u0131nda 16.10.2009 tarihinde d\u00fczenlenen miras taksim s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde yer verilen, \u201ci\u015fbu miras taksim s\u00f6zle\u015fmesindeki miras\u00e7\u0131 taraflar kendi hisselerine d\u00fc\u015fen pay\u0131 bir ba\u015fkas\u0131na satmak isterse iyi niyet gere\u011fi \u00f6ncelikle di\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131lara sat\u0131n alma teklifini yapmak ile y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr\u201d ifadesi ile s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye dayal\u0131 \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun 213\/3 maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fc gere\u011fi yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu \u00f6nal\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ge\u00e7erli olup, taraflar\u0131 ba\u011flar; bu hak, 12.11.2009 tarihinde tapunun beyanlar hanesine tescil edildi\u011finden, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 da ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n
Bu durumda davac\u0131n\u0131n, dava konusu pay\u0131n daval\u0131ya sat\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden kaynaklanan \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131nda bir usuls\u00fczl\u00fck bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu halde mahkemece i\u015fin esas\u0131 incelenerek sonucuna g\u00f6re bir karar verilmesi gerekirken yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Ne var ki, bozma ilam\u0131nda davac\u0131n\u0131n tapu payda\u015f\u0131 olarak yasal \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 da bulundu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esi ile de yerel mahkeme karar\u0131 bozulmu\u015f ise de, daval\u0131 14 nolu parselde 03.12.1993 tarihinden, 75 nolu parselde ise 22.03.1993 tarihinden beri payda\u015f olup, eldeki davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte de bu payda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 devam etmektedir. Payda\u015fa kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nal\u0131m davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131ndan, Dairenin bu y\u00f6ne ili\u015fkin kabul\u00fc do\u011fru olmay\u0131p, bozma ilam\u0131ndan bu k\u0131sm\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131larak belirtilen bu de\u011fi\u015fik gerek\u00e7e ile direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 gerekmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan bu de\u011fi\u015fik nedenlerle direnme karar\u0131 bozulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
SONU\u00c7: Davac\u0131 vekilinin temyiz itirazlar\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile, direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n yukar\u0131da g\u00f6sterilen de\u011fi\u015fik nedenlerden dolay\u0131 6217 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 30.maddesi ile 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019na eklenen \u201cGe\u00e7ici madde 3\u201d atf\u0131yla uygulanmakta olan 1086 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Usul\u00fc Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019nun 429. maddesi gere\u011fince BOZULMASINA, istek halinde temyiz pe\u015fin harc\u0131n\u0131n yat\u0131rana geri verilmesine, ayn\u0131 kanunun 440.maddesi uyar\u0131nca karar\u0131n tebli\u011f tarihinden itibaren onbe\u015f g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde karar d\u00fczeltme yolu a\u00e7\u0131k olmak \u00fczere, 26.02.2014 g\u00fcn\u00fcnde oy\u00e7oklu\u011fu ile karar verildi.<\/p>\n
\u200bYarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 26.02.2014 tarihli, 2013\/494 E., 2014\/153 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T.C. Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu 2013\/494 E., 2014\/153 K. “\u0130\u00e7tihat Metni” MAHKEMES\u0130 : \u0130stanbul 9. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi TAR\u0130H\u0130 : 06\/12\/2012 NUMARASI : 2012\/315-2012\/429 Taraflar aras\u0131ndaki \u201c\u00f6nal\u0131m\u201d davas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda; Beyo\u011flu 3.Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesince davan\u0131n reddine dair verilen, 05.05.2011 g\u00fcn ve 2010\/131 E., 2011\/137 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131n incelenmesi davac\u0131 vekili ve daval\u0131 vekili taraf\u0131ndan istenilmesi \u00fczerine, Yarg\u0131tay 6.Hukuk Dairesinin 17.01.2012 g\u00fcn ve 2011\/13040 E., 2012\/160 K. say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131 ile; (…Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ile daval\u0131 ad\u0131na olan tapu kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n iptaline, davac\u0131 ad\u0131na tesciline ili\u015fkindir. Mahkemece davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmesi \u00fczerine h\u00fck\u00fcm davac\u0131 vekili ve daval\u0131 vekili taraf\u0131ndan ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 temyiz edilmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu’nun 735. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen ve tapu k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u015ferh verilen s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 \u015ferhte belirtilen s\u00fcrede ve belirtilen ko\u015fullara g\u00f6re her malike kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131labilir. K\u00fct\u00fckte ko\u015fullar belirtilmemi\u015f ise ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye sat\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ko\u015fullar esas al\u0131n\u0131r. \u015eerhin etkisi her durumda \u015ferhin verildi\u011fi tarihin \u00fczerinden on y\u0131l ge\u00e7mekle sona erer. Bu nitelikteki bir \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle bir \u00f6nal\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ile mal sahibi m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 ileri bir tarihte devir borcu alt\u0131na girmi\u015f olur. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n onal\u0131m alacakl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n onal\u0131m akdine konu edilen mal\u0131n m\u00fclkiyetinin kendisine devir edilmesini isteme hakk\u0131 do\u011far. …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-85652","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n