I. KONU \u0130LE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 TEMEL KAVRAMLAR<\/p>\n
A. Vatan Kavram\u0131<\/p>\n
Vatan, yurt demektir. Bu iki kavram, e\u015f anlaml\u0131 olup; yurt kavram\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131; bir halk\u0131n hakim oldu\u011fu, \u00fczerinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturdu\u011fu toprak par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu s\u00f6zl\u00fck tan\u0131m\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; T\u00fcrk yurduna, T\u00fcrkiye denildi\u011fi ifade edilmekte ve yurt kavram\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda memleket anlam\u0131na da gelmektedir. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere; vatan, bir \u00fclkenin topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ve halk\u0131n \u00fczerinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 toprak par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n
B. Vatanda\u015f Kavram\u0131<\/p>\n
Vatanda\u015f kavram\u0131, yurtta\u015f kavram\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 anlama gelmekte olup; yurtta\u015f, yurtlar\u0131 veya yurt duygular\u0131 bir olanlardan her biri olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bir di\u011fer tan\u0131ma g\u00f6re; vatanda\u015f, bir devlete hukuki ba\u011f ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olan ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fidir.<\/p>\n
C. Vatanda\u015fl\u0131k Kavram\u0131 <\/p>\n
Vatanda\u015fl\u0131k; bir hakiki \u015fahs\u0131, bir devlete ba\u011flayan hukuki ba\u011f olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Tan\u0131mdan da anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere; vatanda\u015fl\u0131k, ki\u015fi ile devlet aras\u0131ndaki hukuki ba\u011fd\u0131r. Kavram\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131nda fiili ba\u011fdan bahsedilmemesinin sebebi; herhangi bir yerde ge\u00e7ici veya s\u00fcrekli olarak oturulmamas\u0131n\u0131n hukuki ba\u011fa engel olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile fiili ikametin, hukuki ba\u011f veya vatanda\u015fl\u0131k anlam\u0131na gelmeyi\u015finden kaynakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
II. T\u00dcRK VATANDA\u015eLI\u011eI<\/p>\n
A. T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015f\u0131 Kimdir? <\/p>\n
1982 Anayasas\u0131n\u0131n 66. maddesiyle, T\u00fcrk Devletine vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olan herkesin, T\u00fcrk oldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda; T\u00fcrk baban\u0131n veya T\u00fcrk anan\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011funun, T\u00fcrk oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda Anayasada yer alan temel h\u00fck\u00fcm d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, 5901 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kanunu ile de \u00f6nemli d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131lmakla; kanunun 3. maddesiyle, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti\u2019ne vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olan ki\u015finin, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131n\u0131; T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti ile vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 bulunmayan ki\u015finin yabanc\u0131y\u0131 ifade etti\u011fi belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n
B. T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Kazan\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kanunun g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u015fartlarla kazan\u0131lmakta olup; vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n do\u011fumla veya sonradan kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
1. Do\u011fumla Kazan\u0131lan T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n
Do\u011fumla kazan\u0131lan T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131; soyba\u011f\u0131 veya do\u011fum yeri esas\u0131na g\u00f6re kendili\u011finden kazan\u0131lmakta ve do\u011fum an\u0131ndan itibaren h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n
a. Soyba\u011f\u0131 Esas\u0131na G\u00f6re Kazan\u0131lan T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7inde veya d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 ana veya babadan, evlilik birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde do\u011fan \u00e7ocuk ile T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 ana ve yabanc\u0131 babadan evlilik birli\u011fi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda do\u011fan \u00e7ocuk, soyba\u011f\u0131 esas\u0131na g\u00f6re T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 baba ve yabanc\u0131 anadan evlilik birli\u011fi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda do\u011fan \u00e7ocuk ise, soyba\u011f\u0131 kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan usul ve esaslar\u0131n yerine getirilmesi ile T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanmaktad\u0131r. Soyba\u011f\u0131 kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan usul ve esaslar, 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re belirlenmekte olup; bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler, \u00e7ocuk ile baba aras\u0131nda soyba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an tan\u0131ma, babal\u0131k h\u00fckm\u00fc ve ana ile evlilik olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
b. Do\u011fum Yeri Esas\u0131na G\u00f6re Kazan\u0131lan T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye’de do\u011fan ve yabanc\u0131 ana ve babas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 do\u011fumla herhangi bir \u00fclkenin vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanamayan \u00e7ocuk, do\u011fumdan itibaren T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye’de bulunmu\u015f \u00e7ocuk ise; aksi sabit olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, T\u00fcrkiye’de do\u011fmu\u015f say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, burada adi kanuni karineye yer verilmekte ve aksinin ispat\u0131na imkan tan\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Son durumla \u00f6zellikle \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 veya \u00fclkemizde do\u011fum yapan yabanc\u0131n\u0131n bebe\u011fiyle T\u00fcrk ailenin bebe\u011finin kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi hallerde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2. Sonradan Kazan\u0131lan T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/p>\n
Sonradan kazan\u0131lan T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, yetkili makam karar\u0131, evlenme, evlat edinilme ve se\u00e7me hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n
a. Yetkili Makam Karar\u0131 ile T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 <\/p>\n
a.1. Kapsam\u0131na Giren Yabanc\u0131lar \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanmak isteyen bir yabanc\u0131n\u0131n, 5901 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunda belirtilen \u015fartlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 halinde yetkili makam karar\u0131 ile T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ise de; aranan \u015fartlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mak, vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131nda ki\u015fiye mutlak bir hak sa\u011flamamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvuru i\u00e7in gereken \u015fartlar; yabanc\u0131n\u0131n; kendi mill\u00ee kanununa, vatans\u0131z ise T\u00fcrk kanunlar\u0131na g\u00f6re tespit edilmek \u00fczere ergin ve ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip olmas\u0131; ba\u015fvuru tarihinden geriye do\u011fru kesintisiz olarak be\u015f y\u0131l m\u00fcddetle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ikamet etmesi; T\u00fcrkiye’de yerle\u015fmeye karar verdi\u011fini davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ile teyit etmesi; genel sa\u011fl\u0131k bak\u0131m\u0131ndan tehlike te\u015fkil eden bir hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131; iyi ahlak sahibi olmas\u0131; yeteri kadar T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fabilmesi; T\u00fcrkiye’de kendisinin ve bakmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu kimselerin ge\u00e7imini sa\u011flayacak gelire veya mesle\u011fe sahip olmas\u0131; mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik ve kamu d\u00fczeni bak\u0131m\u0131ndan engel te\u015fkil edecek bir halinin bulunmamas\u0131 \u015feklindedir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanmak \u00fczere ba\u015fvuruda bulunan Kuzey K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyeti vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olmak istediklerini yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak beyan etmeleri halinde, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanmalar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ancak Kuzey K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyeti vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sonradan kazanm\u0131\u015f olanlar hakk\u0131nda ba\u015fvuru i\u00e7in aranan ve yukar\u0131da say\u0131lan t\u00fcm \u015fartlar\u0131 yerine getirmeleri aranmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ancak T\u00fcrkiye’ye sanayi tesisleri getiren veya bilimsel, teknolojik, ekonomik, sosyal, sportif, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, sanatsal alanlarda ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hizmeti ge\u00e7en ya da ge\u00e7ece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen ve ilgili bakanl\u0131klarca haklar\u0131nda gerek\u00e7eli teklifte bulunulan ki\u015filer; k\u0131sa d\u00f6nem ikamet izni alanlardan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayan ancak cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nca belirlenecek kapsam ve tutarda yat\u0131r\u0131m yapacaklar ile bunlar\u0131n yabanc\u0131 e\u015fi, kendisinin ve e\u015finin ergin olmayan veya ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 yabanc\u0131 \u00e7ocu\u011fu; Turkuaz Kart sahibi yabanc\u0131lar ve bunlar\u0131n yabanc\u0131 e\u015fi, kendisinin ve e\u015finin ergin olmayan veya ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 yabanc\u0131 \u00e7ocu\u011fu; vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011fa al\u0131nmas\u0131 zaruri g\u00f6r\u00fclen ki\u015filer; mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik ve kamu d\u00fczeni bak\u0131m\u0131ndan engel te\u015fkil edecek hali bulunanlar; talepleri halinde ve mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik ile kamu d\u00fczeni bak\u0131m\u0131ndan engel te\u015fkil edecek hallerinin bulunmamas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131yla, cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 karar\u0131 ile T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanabilmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u0131kma izni almak suretiyle T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybedenler ile ana veya babalar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybedenlerden \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde se\u00e7me hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmayanlar; mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan engel te\u015fkil edecek hallerinin bulunmamas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131yla ve T\u00fcrkiye’de ikamet etme s\u00fcresine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n; T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Bakanl\u0131k karar\u0131yla yeniden kazanabilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 karar\u0131yla T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybettirme sonucu vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaybedenlerin, cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 karar\u0131yla; T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7me hakk\u0131 ile kaybedenlerin, Bakanl\u0131k karar\u0131yla; mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan engel te\u015fkil edecek hallerinin bulunmamas\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye’de \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l ikamet etme \u015fart\u0131yla, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yeniden kazanabilmeleri m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bir yabanc\u0131 i\u00e7in ikametin, T\u00fcrk kanunlar\u0131na uygun olarak T\u00fcrkiye’de oturmak \u015feklinde anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanma talebinde bulunan bir yabanc\u0131, ba\u015fvuru i\u00e7in aranan ikamet s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde toplamda on iki ay\u0131 ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere T\u00fcrkiye d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunabilmekte ve T\u00fcrkiye d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ge\u00e7irilen s\u00fcreler, 5901 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ikamet s\u00fcreleri i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.<\/p>\n
a.2. Karar\u0131n H\u00fck\u00fcm Do\u011furma An\u0131 <\/p>\n
Yetkili makam karar\u0131 ile T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin kararlar, karar tarihinden itibaren h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n
a.3. Karar\u0131n, Yabanc\u0131n\u0131n E\u015f ve \u00c7ocuklar\u0131na Tesiri<\/p>\n
Yetkili makam karar\u0131 ile T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131, e\u015fin vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na tesir etmemektedir.<\/p>\n
Ana veya baban\u0131n velayeti kendisinde bulunan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131; di\u011fer e\u015fin muvafakat etmesi halinde, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanmakta; muvafakat verilmemesi halinde, ana veya baban\u0131n mutat meskeninin bulundu\u011fu \u00fclkedeki hakim karar\u0131na g\u00f6re i\u015flem yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 birlikte kazanan ana ve baban\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
b. T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Evlenme Yoluyla Kazan\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n
Evlenme, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an sebeplerden biridir; ancak bir T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 ile evlenme, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan kazand\u0131rmamaktad\u0131r. Zira bir T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 ile en az \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ldan beri evli olan ve evlili\u011fi devam eden yabanc\u0131lar, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanmak \u00fczere ba\u015fvuruda bulunabilmekte; di\u011fer kimseler ba\u015fvuramamaktad\u0131r. Ba\u015fvuru sahiplerinde, aile birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde ya\u015fama, evlilik birli\u011fi ile ba\u011fda\u015fmayacak bir faaliyette ve mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik ve kamu d\u00fczeni bak\u0131m\u0131ndan engel te\u015fkil edecek bir halde bulunmama \u015fartlar\u0131 aranmaktad\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurudan sonra T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 e\u015fin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc nedeniyle evlili\u011fin sona ermesi halinde, do\u011fald\u0131r ki, aile birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde ya\u015fama \u015fart\u0131 aranmamaktad\u0131r. Evlenme yoluyla T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanan yabanc\u0131lardan evlenmenin butlan\u0131na karar verilenlerin, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, evlenmede iyiniyetli olmalar\u0131 halinde, muhafaza etmeleri m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
c. T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Evlat Edinilme Yoluyla Kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 <\/p>\n
Bir T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan evlat edinilen ergin olmayan ki\u015fi, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik ve kamu d\u00fczeni bak\u0131m\u0131ndan engel te\u015fkil edecek bir halin bulunmamas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131yla, karar tarihinden itibaren T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanabilmektedir.<\/p>\n
d. T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Se\u00e7me Hakk\u0131n\u0131n Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 Yoluyla Kazan\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n
Ana veya baban\u0131n T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden \u00e7ocuklar, ergin olmalar\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde se\u00e7me hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak suretiyle T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanabilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Se\u00e7me hakk\u0131 ile T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131, bu hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na dair \u015fartlar\u0131n tespitine ili\u015fkin karar tarihinden itibaren h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade etmekte ve se\u00e7me hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanan ki\u015filerin e\u015fleri ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda, yetkili makam karar\u0131 ile T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcm uygulanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
C. T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Kayb\u0131 <\/p>\n
1. Genel Olarak<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak kanunda belirtilen hallerde kaybedilmekte olup; bu haller, 5901 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kanunu\u2019nda yer almakta ve yetkili makam karar\u0131 ile se\u00e7me hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2. T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Yetkili Makam Karar\u0131 ile Kayb\u0131<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yetki makam karar\u0131 ile kayb\u0131; \u00e7\u0131kma, kaybettirme ve vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011fa al\u0131nman\u0131n iptali ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n
a. T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00c7\u0131kma <\/p>\n
a.1. \u015eartlar\u0131 <\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in izin isteyen ki\u015filere; ergin ve ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip olunmas\u0131, yabanc\u0131 bir devlet vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 veya kazan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 belirtilerin bulunmas\u0131, herhangi bir su\u00e7 veya askerlik hizmeti nedeniyle aranan ki\u015filerden olunmamas\u0131, hakk\u0131nda herhangi bir mali ve cezai tahdidin bulunmamas\u0131 halinde, bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7\u0131kma izni veya \u00e7\u0131kma belgesi verilebilmektedir.<\/p>\n
a.2. \u00c7\u0131kma \u0130zin Belgesi ile \u00c7\u0131kma Belgesi<\/p>\n
Yabanc\u0131 bir devlet vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanmak \u00fczere T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in izin isteyenlerden talepleri uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclenlere, bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kma izin belgesi; verilen izin sonucunda veya \u00f6nceden yabanc\u0131 bir devlet vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belgeleyenlere ise, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kma belgesi verilmektedir.<\/p>\n
a.3. \u00c7\u0131kma \u0130zin Belgesinin S\u00fcresi<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u0131kma izin belgesi, karar tarihinden itibaren iki y\u0131l ge\u00e7erli olup; izin belgesini alanlar\u0131n, bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yurt i\u00e7inde ikamet edilen yer valili\u011fine, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ise d\u0131\u015f temsilciliklere, yabanc\u0131 devlet vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131klar\u0131na dair bilgi ve belgeleri vermeleri zorunludur. S\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde yabanc\u0131 devlet vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kazan\u0131lamamas\u0131 durumunda, \u00e7\u0131kma izin belgesi ge\u00e7ersiz hale gelmektedir.<\/p>\n
a.4. \u00c7\u0131kma Belgesinin H\u00fckm\u00fc<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u0131kma belgesinin ilgiliye imza kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 teslimi ile T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaybedilmektedir. T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden ki\u015filerin n\u00fcfus aile k\u00fct\u00fcklerindeki kay\u0131tlar\u0131 kapat\u0131lmakta ve bu kimseler, kay\u0131p tarihinden itibaren yabanc\u0131 muamelesine tabi tutulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
a.5. Karar\u0131n, Yabanc\u0131n\u0131n E\u015f ve \u00c7ocuklar\u0131na Tesiri<\/p>\n
E\u015flerden birinin \u00e7\u0131kma izni almak suretiyle T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesi, di\u011fer e\u015fin vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na tesir etmemektedir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden ana ya da baban\u0131n talebinin bulunmas\u0131 ve di\u011fer ebeveynin de muvafakat etmesi halinde \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 da kendileri ile birlikte T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmekte; muvafakat verilmemesi halinde ise, hakim karar\u0131na g\u00f6re i\u015flem yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kayb\u0131n\u0131n, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 vatans\u0131z k\u0131lacak olmas\u0131 durumunda ise, bu h\u00fck\u00fcm uygulanmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
b. T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Kaybettirme<\/p>\n
b.1. \u015eartlar\u0131 ve Ki\u015fi Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Kapsam\u0131<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131ndan; yabanc\u0131 bir devletin, T\u00fcrkiye’nin menfaatlerine uymayan herhangi bir hizmetinde bulunup da bu g\u00f6revi b\u0131rakmalar\u0131 kendilerine yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda d\u0131\u015f temsilcilikler, yurt i\u00e7inde ise m\u00fclki idare amirleri taraf\u0131ndan bildirilmesine ra\u011fmen, \u00fc\u00e7 aydan az olmamak \u00fczere verilecek uygun bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde kendi istekleri ile bu g\u00f6revi b\u0131rakmayanlar\u0131n; T\u00fcrkiye ile sava\u015f halinde bulunan bir devletin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc hizmetinde cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n izni olmaks\u0131z\u0131n kendi istekleriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam edenlerin; izin almaks\u0131z\u0131n yabanc\u0131 bir devlet hizmetinde g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak askerlik yapanlar\u0131n; 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun 302 nci, 309 uncu, 310 uncu, 311 inci, 312 nci, 313 \u00fcnc\u00fc, 314 \u00fcnc\u00fc ve 315 inci maddelerinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7lar nedeniyle hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ve yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkede bulunmas\u0131 nedeniyle kendisine ula\u015f\u0131lamayanlar\u0131n, bu durumun soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131 veya kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frenilmesinden itibaren bir ay i\u00e7inde vatanda\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n kaybettirilmesi amac\u0131yla bakanl\u0131\u011fa bildirilmesi ile bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a Resm\u00ee Gazetede yap\u0131lan yurda d\u00f6n ilan\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00fc\u00e7 ay i\u00e7inde yurda d\u00f6nmemeleri halinde, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 karar\u0131yla kaybettirilebilmektedir.<\/p>\n
b.2. Karar\u0131n H\u00fck\u00fcm Do\u011furma An\u0131 <\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kaybettirilmesi, cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n Resmi Gazetede yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n
b.3. Karar\u0131n, Yabanc\u0131n\u0131n E\u015f ve \u00c7ocuklar\u0131na Tesiri<\/p>\n
Kaybettirme kararlar\u0131 \u015fahsi olup; ilgilinin e\u015f ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na tesir etmemektedir.<\/p>\n
c. T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ptali <\/p>\n
c.1. \u015eartlar\u0131<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanma karar\u0131; karar\u0131n, ilgilinin yalan beyan\u0131 veya vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kazanmaya esas te\u015fkil eden \u00f6nemli hususlar\u0131 gizlemesi sonucunda vuku bulmas\u0131 halinde, karar\u0131 veren makam taraf\u0131ndan iptal edilmektedir.<\/p>\n
c.2. Karar\u0131n H\u00fck\u00fcm Do\u011furma An\u0131<\/p>\n
\u0130ptal karar\u0131, karar tarihinden itibaren h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n
c.3. Karar\u0131n, Yabanc\u0131n\u0131n E\u015f ve \u00c7ocuklar\u0131na Tesiri<\/p>\n
\u0130ptal karar\u0131, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilgili ki\u015fiye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kazanan e\u015f ve \u00e7ocuklar hakk\u0131nda da uygulanmaktad\u0131r. Bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn mefhum-u muhalifinden \u00e7\u0131kan sonu\u00e7 ise; e\u015f ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, bu kazan\u0131m\u0131n T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 iptal edilen ki\u015fiye ba\u011fl\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi halinde, iptal edilmemesi \u015feklindedir.<\/p>\n
d. T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Se\u00e7me Hakk\u0131 \u0130le Kayb\u0131 <\/p>\n
d.1. H\u00fckm\u00fcn Uygulanma Alan\u0131<\/p>\n
Ana ya da babadan dolay\u0131 soyba\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle do\u011fumla T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olanlardan yabanc\u0131 ana veya baban\u0131n vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fumla veya sonradan kazananlar\u0131n; ana ya da babadan dolay\u0131 soyba\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olanlardan do\u011fum yeri esas\u0131na g\u00f6re yabanc\u0131 bir devlet vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazananlar\u0131n; evlat edinilme yoluyla T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazananlar\u0131n; do\u011fum yeri esas\u0131na g\u00f6re T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olduklar\u0131 halde, sonradan yabanc\u0131 ana veya babas\u0131n\u0131n vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazananlar\u0131n; herhangi bir \u015fekilde T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015f ana veya babaya ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazananlar\u0131n; ergin olmalar\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ayr\u0131labilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ancak T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kayb\u0131, ilgiliyi vatans\u0131z k\u0131lacak ise; bu halde se\u00e7me hakk\u0131 kullan\u0131lamamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
d.2. Karar\u0131n H\u00fck\u00fcm Do\u011furma An\u0131<\/p>\n
Se\u00e7me hakk\u0131 ile T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kayb\u0131, bu hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na dair \u015fartlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespitine ili\u015fkin karar tarihinden itibaren h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n
d.3. Karar\u0131n, Yabanc\u0131n\u0131n E\u015f ve \u00c7ocuklar\u0131na Tesiri<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bu yolla kayb\u0131, di\u011fer e\u015fin vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na tesir etmemektedir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden ana ya da baban\u0131n talebinin bulunmas\u0131 ve di\u011fer ebeveynin muvafakat etmesi halinde, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 da kendileri ile birlikte T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmekte; muvafakat verilmemesi halinde, hakim karar\u0131na g\u00f6re i\u015flem yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n vatans\u0131z kalacak olmalar\u0131 halinde ise, bu h\u00fck\u00fcm uygulanmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
D. T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00c7\u0131karma<\/p>\n
Hi\u00e7bir T\u00fcrk, vatana ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131kla ba\u011fda\u015fmayan bir eylemde bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a vatanda\u015fl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamamakta ve vatanda\u015fl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karma ile ilgili karar ve i\u015flemlere kar\u015f\u0131 yarg\u0131 yolu kapat\u0131lamamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
E. Vatanda\u015fl\u0131k Kararlar\u0131n\u0131n Geri Al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 veya kayb\u0131na ili\u015fkin kararlar, hukuki \u015fartlar\u0131 olu\u015fmadan veya m\u00fckerrer olarak verildi\u011finin sonradan anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde geri al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
F. T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0130spat\u0131 <\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ispat\u0131; herhangi bir \u015fekle ba\u011fl\u0131 olmay\u0131p, n\u00fcfus kay\u0131tlar\u0131, n\u00fcfus c\u00fczdanlar\u0131, pasaport ve pasaport yerine ge\u00e7en belgelerle ispat\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Say\u0131lan belgeler, aksi sabit oluncaya kadar ilgilinin T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funa karine te\u015fkil etmektedir. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere; burada da adi kanuni karine kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmakta ve say\u0131lan resmi kay\u0131t ve belgelerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya ibraz\u0131, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na karine olu\u015fturmakta, ancak aksinin ispat\u0131 da cevaz verilmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, pasaportun sahteli\u011finin veya n\u00fcfus c\u00fczdan\u0131 ya da kimlik kart\u0131nda yer alan bilgilerin de\u011fi\u015ftirildi\u011finin ispat\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi..<\/p>\n
Her nas\u0131lsa bir ki\u015finin T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda herhangi bir teredd\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesi halinde; bu husus, bakanl\u0131ktan sorulmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>\n
III. KONUYA \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130N D\u00dc\u015e\u00dcNCE VE A\u00c7IKLAMALARIMIZ<\/p>\n
Milli m\u00fccadelenin zorlu y\u0131llar\u0131nda ve tam olarak 23.07.1919 ile 07.08.1919 tarihleri aras\u0131nda on d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn m\u00fcddetle Erzurum\u2019da kongre yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Erzurum Kongresi\u2019nde milli s\u0131n\u0131rlardan bahsedilerek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ve b\u00fcy\u00fck kararlar al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kararlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n
1. Milli s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde bulunan vatan par\u00e7alar\u0131 bir b\u00fct\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Birbirinden ayr\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n
2. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yabanc\u0131 i\u015fgal ve m\u00fccadelesine kar\u015f\u0131 millet topyekun kendisini savunacak ve direnecektir.<\/p>\n
3. Kuva-yi Milliye\u2019yi tek kuvvet olarak tan\u0131mak ve milli iradeyi hakim k\u0131lmak esast\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4. Hristiyan az\u0131nl\u0131klara siyasi hakimiyet ve sosyal dengemizi bozacak imtiyazlar verilemez.<\/p>\n
5. Manda ve himaye kabul olunamaz.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, bu vatan topraklar\u0131 \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck zorluklarla kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sebeple T\u00fcrk olmak, bir onurdur. T\u00fcrk olmak, bir gurur kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrk olmak, T\u00fcrk olabilmek, \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kazan\u0131m\u0131 ve kayb\u0131 dahi, yaln\u0131zca kanunda say\u0131lan sebeplerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesiyle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olup; bu sebepler tahdididir.<\/p>\n
Yasal d\u00fczenlemelerden de anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere; T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olmakla, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti vatanda\u015f\u0131 olmak ayn\u0131 anlama gelmektedir. Aksi y\u00f6nde yorumlaman\u0131n imkan\u0131 ve izah\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Zira Anayasal ve yasal d\u00fczenlemeler; \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k olup, a\u00e7\u0131klananlardan ayr\u0131 ve ayk\u0131r\u0131 yorumlara kapal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu do\u011frultuda T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne ve e\u015f tabiriyle T\u00fcrk Devletine vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olan herkes; (\u0130slam dini veya di\u011fer dinlere inanma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan) dini inan\u00e7, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve tercihi; (inanma veya inanmama y\u00f6n\u00fcnden) inan\u00e7 h\u00fcrriyeti; (herhangi bir siyasi partiye d\u00f6n\u00fck) siyasi\/siyasal g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve tercihi ile (Araplar, Arnavutlar, Bo\u015fnaklar, Ermeniler, \u00c7erkezler, G\u00fcrc\u00fcler, Hem\u015finliler, K\u00fcrtler, Lazlar, Pomaklar, Romanlar, S\u00fcryaniler, Yahudiler, Zazalar) etnik k\u00f6keni ne olursa; bu \u00fclkenin bir vatanda\u015f\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 zamanda bu \u00fclkenin bir evlad\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u00fclke topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde hepimizin ya\u015fama, Anayasal, yasal ve sair mevzuattan kaynakl\u0131 ve bu \u00fclkenin vatanda\u015f\u0131 olmam\u0131z sebebiyle vatanda\u015fl\u0131k haklar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Yaln\u0131zca insan olmaktan kaynakl\u0131 do\u011fal haklar\u0131m\u0131z da mevcuttur. Bu sebeple her T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131, 1982 Anayasas\u0131ndaki temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlerden e\u015fitlik ve sosyal adalet gereklerince yararlanarak milli k\u00fclt\u00fcr, medeniyet ve hukuk d\u00fczeni i\u00e7inde onurlu bir hayat s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme ve maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bu y\u00f6nde geli\u015ftirme hak ve yetkisine do\u011fu\u015ftan sahiptir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131; milli gurur ve iftiharlarda, milli sevin\u00e7 ve kederlerde, milli varl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 hak ve \u00f6devlerde, nimet ve k\u00fclfetlerde ve millet hayat\u0131n\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tecellisinde ortak olup, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n birbirinin hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlerine kesin sayg\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 i\u00e7ten sevgi ve karde\u015flik duygular\u0131yla ve “YURTTA SULH, C\u0130HANDA SULH” arzu ve inanc\u0131 i\u00e7inde, huzurlu bir hayat talebi haklar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Herkes, dil, \u0131rk, renk, cinsiyet, siyasi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, felsefi inan\u00e7, din, mezhep ve benzeri sebeplerle ay\u0131r\u0131m g\u00f6zetilmeksizin kanun \u00f6n\u00fcnde e\u015fittir.<\/p>\n
Anayasam\u0131zda da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere; T\u00fcrkiye Devleti (T\u00fcrk Devleti), \u00fclkesi ve milletiyle b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olup; dili T\u00fcrk\u00e7e; bayra\u011f\u0131, \u015fekli kanununda belirtilen, beyaz ay y\u0131ld\u0131zl\u0131 al bayrak; milli mar\u015f\u0131 \u0130stiklal Mar\u015f\u0131\u2019d\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden de T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131na, e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131nda, T\u00fcrk\u00e7eden ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir dil, ana dilleri olarak okutulamamakta ve \u00f6\u011fretilememektedir. T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olmakla, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti vatanda\u015f\u0131 olman\u0131n ayn\u0131 anlama geldi\u011fini ve \u00fclkemizin resmi dilinin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e oldu\u011funu tekraren dile getirmekte yarar g\u00f6rmekteyim ki; bu Anayasal h\u00fck\u00fcm, amir h\u00fck\u00fcm olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda bir ki\u015finin T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131; ki\u015finin dinine, \u0131rk\u0131na, etnik k\u00f6kenine bak\u0131larak de\u011fil, aksine ve yaln\u0131zca ki\u015finin, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin (T\u00fcrk Devleti\u2019nin) vatanda\u015f\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti (T\u00fcrk Devleti) ile aras\u0131nda hukuken vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kurulup kurulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131larak tespit edilmektedir. Aksinin iddias\u0131, izah\u0131 ve ispat\u0131 olanaks\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Erzurum Kongresi\u2019nde al\u0131nan kararlarda da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade edildi\u011fi ve yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere;<\/p>\n
\u201cM\u0130LL\u0130 SINIRLAR \u0130\u00c7\u0130NDE BULUNAN VATAN PAR\u00c7ALARI B\u0130R B\u00dcT\u00dcND\u00dcR. B\u0130RB\u0130R\u0130NDEN AYRILAMAZ.\u201d<\/p>\n
Yaz\u0131ya; Ba\u015fkomutan\u0131m\u0131z Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn 29 Ekim 1933 tarihli Cumhuriyet Bayram\u0131 kutlamalar\u0131nda bizlere arma\u011fan etti\u011fi slogan ile veda etmenin yerinde ve k\u0131ymetli oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmektedir ki; t\u00fcm bu sebeplerle;<\/p>\n
\u201cNE MUTLU T\u00dcRK\u2019\u00dcM D\u0130YENE..\u201d<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u200bI. KONU \u0130LE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 TEMEL KAVRAMLAR<\/p>\n
A. Vatan Kavram\u0131<\/p>\n
Vatan, yurt demektir. Bu iki kavram, e\u015f anlaml\u0131 olup; yurt kavram\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131; bir halk\u0131n hakim oldu\u011fu, \u00fczerinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturdu\u011fu toprak par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu s\u00f6zl\u00fck tan\u0131m\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; T\u00fcrk yurduna, T\u00fcrkiye denildi\u011fi ifade edilmekte ve yurt kavram\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda memleket anlam\u0131na da gelmektedir. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere; vatan, bir \u00fclkenin topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ve halk\u0131n \u00fczerinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 toprak par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n
B. Vatanda\u015f Kavram\u0131<\/p>\n
Vatanda\u015f kavram\u0131, yurtta\u015f kavram\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 anlama gelmekte olup; yurtta\u015f, yurtlar\u0131 veya yurt duygular\u0131 bir olanlardan her biri olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bir di\u011fer tan\u0131ma g\u00f6re; vatanda\u015f, bir devlete hukuki ba\u011f ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olan ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fidir.<\/p>\n
C. Vatanda\u015fl\u0131k Kavram\u0131 <\/p>\n
Vatanda\u015fl\u0131k; bir hakiki \u015fahs\u0131, bir devlete ba\u011flayan hukuki ba\u011f olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Tan\u0131mdan da anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere; vatanda\u015fl\u0131k, ki\u015fi ile devlet aras\u0131ndaki hukuki ba\u011fd\u0131r. Kavram\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131nda fiili ba\u011fdan bahsedilmemesinin sebebi; herhangi bir yerde ge\u00e7ici veya s\u00fcrekli olarak oturulmamas\u0131n\u0131n hukuki ba\u011fa engel olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile fiili ikametin, hukuki ba\u011f veya vatanda\u015fl\u0131k anlam\u0131na gelmeyi\u015finden kaynakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
II. T\u00dcRK VATANDA\u015eLI\u011eI<\/p>\n
A. T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015f\u0131 Kimdir? <\/p>\n
1982 Anayasas\u0131n\u0131n 66. maddesiyle, T\u00fcrk Devletine vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olan herkesin, T\u00fcrk oldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda; T\u00fcrk baban\u0131n veya T\u00fcrk anan\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011funun, T\u00fcrk oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda Anayasada yer alan temel h\u00fck\u00fcm d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, 5901 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kanunu ile de \u00f6nemli d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131lmakla; kanunun 3. maddesiyle, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti\u2019ne vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olan ki\u015finin, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131n\u0131; T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti ile vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 bulunmayan ki\u015finin yabanc\u0131y\u0131 ifade etti\u011fi belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n
B. T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Kazan\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kanunun g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u015fartlarla kazan\u0131lmakta olup; vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n do\u011fumla veya sonradan kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
1. Do\u011fumla Kazan\u0131lan T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n
Do\u011fumla kazan\u0131lan T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131; soyba\u011f\u0131 veya do\u011fum yeri esas\u0131na g\u00f6re kendili\u011finden kazan\u0131lmakta ve do\u011fum an\u0131ndan itibaren h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n
a. Soyba\u011f\u0131 Esas\u0131na G\u00f6re Kazan\u0131lan T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7inde veya d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 ana veya babadan, evlilik birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde do\u011fan \u00e7ocuk ile T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 ana ve yabanc\u0131 babadan evlilik birli\u011fi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda do\u011fan \u00e7ocuk, soyba\u011f\u0131 esas\u0131na g\u00f6re T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 baba ve yabanc\u0131 anadan evlilik birli\u011fi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda do\u011fan \u00e7ocuk ise, soyba\u011f\u0131 kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan usul ve esaslar\u0131n yerine getirilmesi ile T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanmaktad\u0131r. Soyba\u011f\u0131 kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan usul ve esaslar, 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re belirlenmekte olup; bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler, \u00e7ocuk ile baba aras\u0131nda soyba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an tan\u0131ma, babal\u0131k h\u00fckm\u00fc ve ana ile evlilik olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
b. Do\u011fum Yeri Esas\u0131na G\u00f6re Kazan\u0131lan T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye’de do\u011fan ve yabanc\u0131 ana ve babas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 do\u011fumla herhangi bir \u00fclkenin vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanamayan \u00e7ocuk, do\u011fumdan itibaren T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye’de bulunmu\u015f \u00e7ocuk ise; aksi sabit olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, T\u00fcrkiye’de do\u011fmu\u015f say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, burada adi kanuni karineye yer verilmekte ve aksinin ispat\u0131na imkan tan\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Son durumla \u00f6zellikle \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 veya \u00fclkemizde do\u011fum yapan yabanc\u0131n\u0131n bebe\u011fiyle T\u00fcrk ailenin bebe\u011finin kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi hallerde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2. Sonradan Kazan\u0131lan T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/p>\n
Sonradan kazan\u0131lan T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, yetkili makam karar\u0131, evlenme, evlat edinilme ve se\u00e7me hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n
a. Yetkili Makam Karar\u0131 ile T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 <\/p>\n
a.1. Kapsam\u0131na Giren Yabanc\u0131lar \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanmak isteyen bir yabanc\u0131n\u0131n, 5901 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunda belirtilen \u015fartlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 halinde yetkili makam karar\u0131 ile T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ise de; aranan \u015fartlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mak, vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131nda ki\u015fiye mutlak bir hak sa\u011flamamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvuru i\u00e7in gereken \u015fartlar; yabanc\u0131n\u0131n; kendi mill\u00ee kanununa, vatans\u0131z ise T\u00fcrk kanunlar\u0131na g\u00f6re tespit edilmek \u00fczere ergin ve ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip olmas\u0131; ba\u015fvuru tarihinden geriye do\u011fru kesintisiz olarak be\u015f y\u0131l m\u00fcddetle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ikamet etmesi; T\u00fcrkiye’de yerle\u015fmeye karar verdi\u011fini davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ile teyit etmesi; genel sa\u011fl\u0131k bak\u0131m\u0131ndan tehlike te\u015fkil eden bir hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131; iyi ahlak sahibi olmas\u0131; yeteri kadar T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fabilmesi; T\u00fcrkiye’de kendisinin ve bakmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu kimselerin ge\u00e7imini sa\u011flayacak gelire veya mesle\u011fe sahip olmas\u0131; mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik ve kamu d\u00fczeni bak\u0131m\u0131ndan engel te\u015fkil edecek bir halinin bulunmamas\u0131 \u015feklindedir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanmak \u00fczere ba\u015fvuruda bulunan Kuzey K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyeti vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olmak istediklerini yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak beyan etmeleri halinde, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanmalar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ancak Kuzey K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyeti vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sonradan kazanm\u0131\u015f olanlar hakk\u0131nda ba\u015fvuru i\u00e7in aranan ve yukar\u0131da say\u0131lan t\u00fcm \u015fartlar\u0131 yerine getirmeleri aranmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ancak T\u00fcrkiye’ye sanayi tesisleri getiren veya bilimsel, teknolojik, ekonomik, sosyal, sportif, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, sanatsal alanlarda ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hizmeti ge\u00e7en ya da ge\u00e7ece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen ve ilgili bakanl\u0131klarca haklar\u0131nda gerek\u00e7eli teklifte bulunulan ki\u015filer; k\u0131sa d\u00f6nem ikamet izni alanlardan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayan ancak cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nca belirlenecek kapsam ve tutarda yat\u0131r\u0131m yapacaklar ile bunlar\u0131n yabanc\u0131 e\u015fi, kendisinin ve e\u015finin ergin olmayan veya ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 yabanc\u0131 \u00e7ocu\u011fu; Turkuaz Kart sahibi yabanc\u0131lar ve bunlar\u0131n yabanc\u0131 e\u015fi, kendisinin ve e\u015finin ergin olmayan veya ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 yabanc\u0131 \u00e7ocu\u011fu; vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011fa al\u0131nmas\u0131 zaruri g\u00f6r\u00fclen ki\u015filer; mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik ve kamu d\u00fczeni bak\u0131m\u0131ndan engel te\u015fkil edecek hali bulunanlar; talepleri halinde ve mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik ile kamu d\u00fczeni bak\u0131m\u0131ndan engel te\u015fkil edecek hallerinin bulunmamas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131yla, cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 karar\u0131 ile T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanabilmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u0131kma izni almak suretiyle T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybedenler ile ana veya babalar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybedenlerden \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde se\u00e7me hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmayanlar; mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan engel te\u015fkil edecek hallerinin bulunmamas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131yla ve T\u00fcrkiye’de ikamet etme s\u00fcresine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n; T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Bakanl\u0131k karar\u0131yla yeniden kazanabilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 karar\u0131yla T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybettirme sonucu vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaybedenlerin, cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 karar\u0131yla; T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7me hakk\u0131 ile kaybedenlerin, Bakanl\u0131k karar\u0131yla; mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan engel te\u015fkil edecek hallerinin bulunmamas\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye’de \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l ikamet etme \u015fart\u0131yla, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yeniden kazanabilmeleri m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bir yabanc\u0131 i\u00e7in ikametin, T\u00fcrk kanunlar\u0131na uygun olarak T\u00fcrkiye’de oturmak \u015feklinde anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanma talebinde bulunan bir yabanc\u0131, ba\u015fvuru i\u00e7in aranan ikamet s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde toplamda on iki ay\u0131 ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere T\u00fcrkiye d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunabilmekte ve T\u00fcrkiye d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ge\u00e7irilen s\u00fcreler, 5901 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ikamet s\u00fcreleri i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.<\/p>\n
a.2. Karar\u0131n H\u00fck\u00fcm Do\u011furma An\u0131 <\/p>\n
Yetkili makam karar\u0131 ile T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin kararlar, karar tarihinden itibaren h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n
a.3. Karar\u0131n, Yabanc\u0131n\u0131n E\u015f ve \u00c7ocuklar\u0131na Tesiri<\/p>\n
Yetkili makam karar\u0131 ile T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131, e\u015fin vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na tesir etmemektedir.<\/p>\n
Ana veya baban\u0131n velayeti kendisinde bulunan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131; di\u011fer e\u015fin muvafakat etmesi halinde, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanmakta; muvafakat verilmemesi halinde, ana veya baban\u0131n mutat meskeninin bulundu\u011fu \u00fclkedeki hakim karar\u0131na g\u00f6re i\u015flem yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 birlikte kazanan ana ve baban\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
b. T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Evlenme Yoluyla Kazan\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n
Evlenme, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an sebeplerden biridir; ancak bir T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 ile evlenme, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan kazand\u0131rmamaktad\u0131r. Zira bir T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 ile en az \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ldan beri evli olan ve evlili\u011fi devam eden yabanc\u0131lar, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanmak \u00fczere ba\u015fvuruda bulunabilmekte; di\u011fer kimseler ba\u015fvuramamaktad\u0131r. Ba\u015fvuru sahiplerinde, aile birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde ya\u015fama, evlilik birli\u011fi ile ba\u011fda\u015fmayacak bir faaliyette ve mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik ve kamu d\u00fczeni bak\u0131m\u0131ndan engel te\u015fkil edecek bir halde bulunmama \u015fartlar\u0131 aranmaktad\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurudan sonra T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 e\u015fin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc nedeniyle evlili\u011fin sona ermesi halinde, do\u011fald\u0131r ki, aile birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde ya\u015fama \u015fart\u0131 aranmamaktad\u0131r. Evlenme yoluyla T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanan yabanc\u0131lardan evlenmenin butlan\u0131na karar verilenlerin, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, evlenmede iyiniyetli olmalar\u0131 halinde, muhafaza etmeleri m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
c. T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Evlat Edinilme Yoluyla Kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 <\/p>\n
Bir T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan evlat edinilen ergin olmayan ki\u015fi, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik ve kamu d\u00fczeni bak\u0131m\u0131ndan engel te\u015fkil edecek bir halin bulunmamas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131yla, karar tarihinden itibaren T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanabilmektedir.<\/p>\n
d. T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Se\u00e7me Hakk\u0131n\u0131n Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 Yoluyla Kazan\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n
Ana veya baban\u0131n T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden \u00e7ocuklar, ergin olmalar\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde se\u00e7me hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak suretiyle T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanabilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Se\u00e7me hakk\u0131 ile T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131, bu hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na dair \u015fartlar\u0131n tespitine ili\u015fkin karar tarihinden itibaren h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade etmekte ve se\u00e7me hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanan ki\u015filerin e\u015fleri ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda, yetkili makam karar\u0131 ile T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcm uygulanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
C. T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Kayb\u0131 <\/p>\n
1. Genel Olarak<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak kanunda belirtilen hallerde kaybedilmekte olup; bu haller, 5901 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kanunu\u2019nda yer almakta ve yetkili makam karar\u0131 ile se\u00e7me hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2. T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Yetkili Makam Karar\u0131 ile Kayb\u0131<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yetki makam karar\u0131 ile kayb\u0131; \u00e7\u0131kma, kaybettirme ve vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011fa al\u0131nman\u0131n iptali ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n
a. T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00c7\u0131kma <\/p>\n
a.1. \u015eartlar\u0131 <\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in izin isteyen ki\u015filere; ergin ve ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip olunmas\u0131, yabanc\u0131 bir devlet vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 veya kazan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 belirtilerin bulunmas\u0131, herhangi bir su\u00e7 veya askerlik hizmeti nedeniyle aranan ki\u015filerden olunmamas\u0131, hakk\u0131nda herhangi bir mali ve cezai tahdidin bulunmamas\u0131 halinde, bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7\u0131kma izni veya \u00e7\u0131kma belgesi verilebilmektedir.<\/p>\n
a.2. \u00c7\u0131kma \u0130zin Belgesi ile \u00c7\u0131kma Belgesi<\/p>\n
Yabanc\u0131 bir devlet vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanmak \u00fczere T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in izin isteyenlerden talepleri uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclenlere, bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kma izin belgesi; verilen izin sonucunda veya \u00f6nceden yabanc\u0131 bir devlet vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belgeleyenlere ise, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kma belgesi verilmektedir.<\/p>\n
a.3. \u00c7\u0131kma \u0130zin Belgesinin S\u00fcresi<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u0131kma izin belgesi, karar tarihinden itibaren iki y\u0131l ge\u00e7erli olup; izin belgesini alanlar\u0131n, bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yurt i\u00e7inde ikamet edilen yer valili\u011fine, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ise d\u0131\u015f temsilciliklere, yabanc\u0131 devlet vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131klar\u0131na dair bilgi ve belgeleri vermeleri zorunludur. S\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde yabanc\u0131 devlet vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kazan\u0131lamamas\u0131 durumunda, \u00e7\u0131kma izin belgesi ge\u00e7ersiz hale gelmektedir.<\/p>\n
a.4. \u00c7\u0131kma Belgesinin H\u00fckm\u00fc<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u0131kma belgesinin ilgiliye imza kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 teslimi ile T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaybedilmektedir. T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden ki\u015filerin n\u00fcfus aile k\u00fct\u00fcklerindeki kay\u0131tlar\u0131 kapat\u0131lmakta ve bu kimseler, kay\u0131p tarihinden itibaren yabanc\u0131 muamelesine tabi tutulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
a.5. Karar\u0131n, Yabanc\u0131n\u0131n E\u015f ve \u00c7ocuklar\u0131na Tesiri<\/p>\n
E\u015flerden birinin \u00e7\u0131kma izni almak suretiyle T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesi, di\u011fer e\u015fin vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na tesir etmemektedir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden ana ya da baban\u0131n talebinin bulunmas\u0131 ve di\u011fer ebeveynin de muvafakat etmesi halinde \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 da kendileri ile birlikte T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmekte; muvafakat verilmemesi halinde ise, hakim karar\u0131na g\u00f6re i\u015flem yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kayb\u0131n\u0131n, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 vatans\u0131z k\u0131lacak olmas\u0131 durumunda ise, bu h\u00fck\u00fcm uygulanmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
b. T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Kaybettirme<\/p>\n
b.1. \u015eartlar\u0131 ve Ki\u015fi Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Kapsam\u0131<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131ndan; yabanc\u0131 bir devletin, T\u00fcrkiye’nin menfaatlerine uymayan herhangi bir hizmetinde bulunup da bu g\u00f6revi b\u0131rakmalar\u0131 kendilerine yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda d\u0131\u015f temsilcilikler, yurt i\u00e7inde ise m\u00fclki idare amirleri taraf\u0131ndan bildirilmesine ra\u011fmen, \u00fc\u00e7 aydan az olmamak \u00fczere verilecek uygun bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde kendi istekleri ile bu g\u00f6revi b\u0131rakmayanlar\u0131n; T\u00fcrkiye ile sava\u015f halinde bulunan bir devletin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc hizmetinde cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n izni olmaks\u0131z\u0131n kendi istekleriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam edenlerin; izin almaks\u0131z\u0131n yabanc\u0131 bir devlet hizmetinde g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak askerlik yapanlar\u0131n; 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun 302 nci, 309 uncu, 310 uncu, 311 inci, 312 nci, 313 \u00fcnc\u00fc, 314 \u00fcnc\u00fc ve 315 inci maddelerinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7lar nedeniyle hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ve yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkede bulunmas\u0131 nedeniyle kendisine ula\u015f\u0131lamayanlar\u0131n, bu durumun soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131 veya kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frenilmesinden itibaren bir ay i\u00e7inde vatanda\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n kaybettirilmesi amac\u0131yla bakanl\u0131\u011fa bildirilmesi ile bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a Resm\u00ee Gazetede yap\u0131lan yurda d\u00f6n ilan\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00fc\u00e7 ay i\u00e7inde yurda d\u00f6nmemeleri halinde, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 karar\u0131yla kaybettirilebilmektedir.<\/p>\n
b.2. Karar\u0131n H\u00fck\u00fcm Do\u011furma An\u0131 <\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kaybettirilmesi, cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n Resmi Gazetede yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n
b.3. Karar\u0131n, Yabanc\u0131n\u0131n E\u015f ve \u00c7ocuklar\u0131na Tesiri<\/p>\n
Kaybettirme kararlar\u0131 \u015fahsi olup; ilgilinin e\u015f ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na tesir etmemektedir.<\/p>\n
c. T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ptali <\/p>\n
c.1. \u015eartlar\u0131<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanma karar\u0131; karar\u0131n, ilgilinin yalan beyan\u0131 veya vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kazanmaya esas te\u015fkil eden \u00f6nemli hususlar\u0131 gizlemesi sonucunda vuku bulmas\u0131 halinde, karar\u0131 veren makam taraf\u0131ndan iptal edilmektedir.<\/p>\n
c.2. Karar\u0131n H\u00fck\u00fcm Do\u011furma An\u0131<\/p>\n
\u0130ptal karar\u0131, karar tarihinden itibaren h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n
c.3. Karar\u0131n, Yabanc\u0131n\u0131n E\u015f ve \u00c7ocuklar\u0131na Tesiri<\/p>\n
\u0130ptal karar\u0131, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilgili ki\u015fiye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kazanan e\u015f ve \u00e7ocuklar hakk\u0131nda da uygulanmaktad\u0131r. Bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn mefhum-u muhalifinden \u00e7\u0131kan sonu\u00e7 ise; e\u015f ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, bu kazan\u0131m\u0131n T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 iptal edilen ki\u015fiye ba\u011fl\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi halinde, iptal edilmemesi \u015feklindedir.<\/p>\n
d. T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Se\u00e7me Hakk\u0131 \u0130le Kayb\u0131 <\/p>\n
d.1. H\u00fckm\u00fcn Uygulanma Alan\u0131<\/p>\n
Ana ya da babadan dolay\u0131 soyba\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle do\u011fumla T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olanlardan yabanc\u0131 ana veya baban\u0131n vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fumla veya sonradan kazananlar\u0131n; ana ya da babadan dolay\u0131 soyba\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olanlardan do\u011fum yeri esas\u0131na g\u00f6re yabanc\u0131 bir devlet vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazananlar\u0131n; evlat edinilme yoluyla T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazananlar\u0131n; do\u011fum yeri esas\u0131na g\u00f6re T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olduklar\u0131 halde, sonradan yabanc\u0131 ana veya babas\u0131n\u0131n vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazananlar\u0131n; herhangi bir \u015fekilde T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015f ana veya babaya ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazananlar\u0131n; ergin olmalar\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ayr\u0131labilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ancak T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kayb\u0131, ilgiliyi vatans\u0131z k\u0131lacak ise; bu halde se\u00e7me hakk\u0131 kullan\u0131lamamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
d.2. Karar\u0131n H\u00fck\u00fcm Do\u011furma An\u0131<\/p>\n
Se\u00e7me hakk\u0131 ile T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kayb\u0131, bu hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na dair \u015fartlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespitine ili\u015fkin karar tarihinden itibaren h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n
d.3. Karar\u0131n, Yabanc\u0131n\u0131n E\u015f ve \u00c7ocuklar\u0131na Tesiri<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bu yolla kayb\u0131, di\u011fer e\u015fin vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na tesir etmemektedir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden ana ya da baban\u0131n talebinin bulunmas\u0131 ve di\u011fer ebeveynin muvafakat etmesi halinde, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 da kendileri ile birlikte T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmekte; muvafakat verilmemesi halinde, hakim karar\u0131na g\u00f6re i\u015flem yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n vatans\u0131z kalacak olmalar\u0131 halinde ise, bu h\u00fck\u00fcm uygulanmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
D. T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00c7\u0131karma<\/p>\n
Hi\u00e7bir T\u00fcrk, vatana ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131kla ba\u011fda\u015fmayan bir eylemde bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a vatanda\u015fl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamamakta ve vatanda\u015fl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karma ile ilgili karar ve i\u015flemlere kar\u015f\u0131 yarg\u0131 yolu kapat\u0131lamamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
E. Vatanda\u015fl\u0131k Kararlar\u0131n\u0131n Geri Al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 veya kayb\u0131na ili\u015fkin kararlar, hukuki \u015fartlar\u0131 olu\u015fmadan veya m\u00fckerrer olarak verildi\u011finin sonradan anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde geri al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
F. T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0130spat\u0131 <\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ispat\u0131; herhangi bir \u015fekle ba\u011fl\u0131 olmay\u0131p, n\u00fcfus kay\u0131tlar\u0131, n\u00fcfus c\u00fczdanlar\u0131, pasaport ve pasaport yerine ge\u00e7en belgelerle ispat\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Say\u0131lan belgeler, aksi sabit oluncaya kadar ilgilinin T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funa karine te\u015fkil etmektedir. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere; burada da adi kanuni karine kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmakta ve say\u0131lan resmi kay\u0131t ve belgelerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya ibraz\u0131, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na karine olu\u015fturmakta, ancak aksinin ispat\u0131 da cevaz verilmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, pasaportun sahteli\u011finin veya n\u00fcfus c\u00fczdan\u0131 ya da kimlik kart\u0131nda yer alan bilgilerin de\u011fi\u015ftirildi\u011finin ispat\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi..<\/p>\n
Her nas\u0131lsa bir ki\u015finin T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda herhangi bir teredd\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesi halinde; bu husus, bakanl\u0131ktan sorulmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>\n
III. KONUYA \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130N D\u00dc\u015e\u00dcNCE VE A\u00c7IKLAMALARIMIZ<\/p>\n
Milli m\u00fccadelenin zorlu y\u0131llar\u0131nda ve tam olarak 23.07.1919 ile 07.08.1919 tarihleri aras\u0131nda on d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn m\u00fcddetle Erzurum\u2019da kongre yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Erzurum Kongresi\u2019nde milli s\u0131n\u0131rlardan bahsedilerek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ve b\u00fcy\u00fck kararlar al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kararlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n
1. Milli s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde bulunan vatan par\u00e7alar\u0131 bir b\u00fct\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Birbirinden ayr\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n
2. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yabanc\u0131 i\u015fgal ve m\u00fccadelesine kar\u015f\u0131 millet topyekun kendisini savunacak ve direnecektir.<\/p>\n
3. Kuva-yi Milliye\u2019yi tek kuvvet olarak tan\u0131mak ve milli iradeyi hakim k\u0131lmak esast\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4. Hristiyan az\u0131nl\u0131klara siyasi hakimiyet ve sosyal dengemizi bozacak imtiyazlar verilemez.<\/p>\n
5. Manda ve himaye kabul olunamaz.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, bu vatan topraklar\u0131 \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck zorluklarla kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sebeple T\u00fcrk olmak, bir onurdur. T\u00fcrk olmak, bir gurur kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrk olmak, T\u00fcrk olabilmek, \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kazan\u0131m\u0131 ve kayb\u0131 dahi, yaln\u0131zca kanunda say\u0131lan sebeplerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesiyle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olup; bu sebepler tahdididir.<\/p>\n
Yasal d\u00fczenlemelerden de anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere; T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olmakla, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti vatanda\u015f\u0131 olmak ayn\u0131 anlama gelmektedir. Aksi y\u00f6nde yorumlaman\u0131n imkan\u0131 ve izah\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Zira Anayasal ve yasal d\u00fczenlemeler; \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k olup, a\u00e7\u0131klananlardan ayr\u0131 ve ayk\u0131r\u0131 yorumlara kapal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu do\u011frultuda T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne ve e\u015f tabiriyle T\u00fcrk Devletine vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olan herkes; (\u0130slam dini veya di\u011fer dinlere inanma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan) dini inan\u00e7, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve tercihi; (inanma veya inanmama y\u00f6n\u00fcnden) inan\u00e7 h\u00fcrriyeti; (herhangi bir siyasi partiye d\u00f6n\u00fck) siyasi\/siyasal g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve tercihi ile (Araplar, Arnavutlar, Bo\u015fnaklar, Ermeniler, \u00c7erkezler, G\u00fcrc\u00fcler, Hem\u015finliler, K\u00fcrtler, Lazlar, Pomaklar, Romanlar, S\u00fcryaniler, Yahudiler, Zazalar) etnik k\u00f6keni ne olursa; bu \u00fclkenin bir vatanda\u015f\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 zamanda bu \u00fclkenin bir evlad\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u00fclke topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde hepimizin ya\u015fama, Anayasal, yasal ve sair mevzuattan kaynakl\u0131 ve bu \u00fclkenin vatanda\u015f\u0131 olmam\u0131z sebebiyle vatanda\u015fl\u0131k haklar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Yaln\u0131zca insan olmaktan kaynakl\u0131 do\u011fal haklar\u0131m\u0131z da mevcuttur. Bu sebeple her T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131, 1982 Anayasas\u0131ndaki temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlerden e\u015fitlik ve sosyal adalet gereklerince yararlanarak milli k\u00fclt\u00fcr, medeniyet ve hukuk d\u00fczeni i\u00e7inde onurlu bir hayat s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme ve maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bu y\u00f6nde geli\u015ftirme hak ve yetkisine do\u011fu\u015ftan sahiptir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131; milli gurur ve iftiharlarda, milli sevin\u00e7 ve kederlerde, milli varl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 hak ve \u00f6devlerde, nimet ve k\u00fclfetlerde ve millet hayat\u0131n\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tecellisinde ortak olup, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n birbirinin hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlerine kesin sayg\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 i\u00e7ten sevgi ve karde\u015flik duygular\u0131yla ve “YURTTA SULH, C\u0130HANDA SULH” arzu ve inanc\u0131 i\u00e7inde, huzurlu bir hayat talebi haklar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Herkes, dil, \u0131rk, renk, cinsiyet, siyasi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, felsefi inan\u00e7, din, mezhep ve benzeri sebeplerle ay\u0131r\u0131m g\u00f6zetilmeksizin kanun \u00f6n\u00fcnde e\u015fittir.<\/p>\n
Anayasam\u0131zda da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere; T\u00fcrkiye Devleti (T\u00fcrk Devleti), \u00fclkesi ve milletiyle b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olup; dili T\u00fcrk\u00e7e; bayra\u011f\u0131, \u015fekli kanununda belirtilen, beyaz ay y\u0131ld\u0131zl\u0131 al bayrak; milli mar\u015f\u0131 \u0130stiklal Mar\u015f\u0131\u2019d\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden de T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131na, e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131nda, T\u00fcrk\u00e7eden ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir dil, ana dilleri olarak okutulamamakta ve \u00f6\u011fretilememektedir. T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olmakla, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti vatanda\u015f\u0131 olman\u0131n ayn\u0131 anlama geldi\u011fini ve \u00fclkemizin resmi dilinin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e oldu\u011funu tekraren dile getirmekte yarar g\u00f6rmekteyim ki; bu Anayasal h\u00fck\u00fcm, amir h\u00fck\u00fcm olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda bir ki\u015finin T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131; ki\u015finin dinine, \u0131rk\u0131na, etnik k\u00f6kenine bak\u0131larak de\u011fil, aksine ve yaln\u0131zca ki\u015finin, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin (T\u00fcrk Devleti\u2019nin) vatanda\u015f\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti (T\u00fcrk Devleti) ile aras\u0131nda hukuken vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kurulup kurulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131larak tespit edilmektedir. Aksinin iddias\u0131, izah\u0131 ve ispat\u0131 olanaks\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Erzurum Kongresi\u2019nde al\u0131nan kararlarda da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade edildi\u011fi ve yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere;<\/p>\n
\u201cM\u0130LL\u0130 SINIRLAR \u0130\u00c7\u0130NDE BULUNAN VATAN PAR\u00c7ALARI B\u0130R B\u00dcT\u00dcND\u00dcR. B\u0130RB\u0130R\u0130NDEN AYRILAMAZ.\u201d<\/p>\n
Yaz\u0131ya; Ba\u015fkomutan\u0131m\u0131z Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn 29 Ekim 1933 tarihli Cumhuriyet Bayram\u0131 kutlamalar\u0131nda bizlere arma\u011fan etti\u011fi slogan ile veda etmenin yerinde ve k\u0131ymetli oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmektedir ki; t\u00fcm bu sebeplerle;<\/p>\n
\u201cNE MUTLU T\u00dcRK\u2019\u00dcM D\u0130YENE..\u201d<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
I. KONU \u0130LE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 TEMEL KAVRAMLAR A. Vatan Kavram\u0131 Vatan, yurt demektir. Bu iki kavram, e\u015f anlaml\u0131 olup; yurt kavram\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131; bir halk\u0131n hakim oldu\u011fu, \u00fczerinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturdu\u011fu toprak par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu s\u00f6zl\u00fck tan\u0131m\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; T\u00fcrk yurduna, T\u00fcrkiye denildi\u011fi ifade edilmekte ve yurt kavram\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda memleket anlam\u0131na da gelmektedir. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere; vatan, bir \u00fclkenin topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ve halk\u0131n \u00fczerinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 toprak par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir. B. Vatanda\u015f Kavram\u0131 Vatanda\u015f kavram\u0131, yurtta\u015f kavram\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 anlama gelmekte olup; yurtta\u015f, yurtlar\u0131 veya yurt duygular\u0131 bir olanlardan her biri olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. Bir di\u011fer tan\u0131ma g\u00f6re; vatanda\u015f, bir devlete hukuki ba\u011f ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olan ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fidir. C. Vatanda\u015fl\u0131k Kavram\u0131 Vatanda\u015fl\u0131k; bir hakiki \u015fahs\u0131, bir devlete ba\u011flayan hukuki ba\u011f olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Tan\u0131mdan da anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere; vatanda\u015fl\u0131k, ki\u015fi ile devlet aras\u0131ndaki hukuki ba\u011fd\u0131r. Kavram\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131nda fiili ba\u011fdan bahsedilmemesinin sebebi; herhangi bir yerde ge\u00e7ici veya s\u00fcrekli olarak oturulmamas\u0131n\u0131n hukuki ba\u011fa engel olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile fiili ikametin, hukuki ba\u011f veya vatanda\u015fl\u0131k anlam\u0131na gelmeyi\u015finden kaynakl\u0131d\u0131r. II. T\u00dcRK VATANDA\u015eLI\u011eI A. T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015f\u0131 Kimdir? 1982 Anayasas\u0131n\u0131n 66. maddesiyle, T\u00fcrk Devletine vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olan herkesin, T\u00fcrk oldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir. Maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda; T\u00fcrk baban\u0131n veya T\u00fcrk anan\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011funun, T\u00fcrk oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda Anayasada yer alan temel h\u00fck\u00fcm d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-50454","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n