1. Genel Olarak Payl\u0131 M\u00fclkiyet<\/p>\n
Birlikte m\u00fclkiyette, e\u015fya \u00fczerindeki m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 birden \u00e7ok ki\u015fiye aittir. Birlikte m\u00fclkiyette e\u011fer malikler belli paylarla mala malik iseler “m\u00fc\u015fterek (payl\u0131) m\u00fclkiyet”, belli paylar\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ortakl\u0131k \u015feklinde mala malik iseler “i\u015ftirak (elbirli\u011fi) m\u00fclkiyeti” (i\u015ftirak halinde m\u00fclkiyet) s\u00f6z konusu olur.<\/p>\n
TMK\u2019nin 688. maddesine g\u00f6re, birden \u00e7ok kimse, maddi olarak b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olmayan bir \u015feyin tamam\u0131na belli paylarla malik iseler payl\u0131 (m\u00fc\u015fterek) m\u00fclkiyet s\u00f6z konusudur. Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette esas itibar\u0131yla e\u015fya \u00fczerinde tek bir m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131\u00a0s\u00f6z konusu ise de, maliklerin say\u0131s\u0131 birden fazla olup, maliklerin her birinin e\u015fya \u00fczerinde paylar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Payda\u015flar aras\u0131nda ne \u015fahsi ne de hukuki bir ba\u011f mevcut de\u011fildir. Payda\u015flar\u0131n paylar\u0131 belirlidir. Paylar\u0131n belirlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131, fiili taksim\u00a0edilmi\u015f anlam\u0131na gelmez. Ortaklar\u0131n paylar\u0131 o \u015feyin tamam\u0131 \u00fczerindedir. Payda\u015f pay\u0131 \u00fczerinde diledi\u011fi gibi tasarruf edebilir. Tasarruf i\u00e7in kural olarak di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131n iznini almak zorunda olmasa da, di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131n TMK\u2019nin 732-734. maddelerde d\u00fczenlenen yasal \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 tasarrufu yapan payda\u015f i\u00e7in faydal\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Payda\u015f\u0131n pay\u0131 \u00fczerinde diledi\u011fi gibi tasarruf edebilmesi kural\u0131n\u0131n bir istisnas\u0131 da, edinilmi\u015f mallara kat\u0131lma rejimidir (TMK\u2019nin 223\/2.). Elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetinden farkl\u0131 olarak payda\u015f pay\u0131n\u0131 tamamen veya k\u0131smen ba\u015fkas\u0131na devredebilir, rehnedebilir, ipotek\u00a0ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz y\u00fck\u00fc\u00a0kurabilir. Ayr\u0131ca, payda\u015f pay\u0131 \u00fczerinde intifa hakk\u0131\u00a0da kurabilir. \u0130ntifa hakk\u0131\u00a0t\u00fcm e\u015fya \u00fczerinde kurulmaz, sadece payda\u015f\u0131n pay\u0131 \u00fczerinde kurulur. Ancak intifa hakk\u0131 sahibi hakk\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcne dokunamaz. Yine payda\u015f pay\u0131 \u00fczerinde intifa hakk\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir irtifak hakk\u0131\u00a0kuramaz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc maddi olarak b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f bir mal s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
\u201c…T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanununun 688. maddesine g\u00f6re, payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyetin s\u00f6z konusu olabilmesi i\u00e7in; birden fazla ki\u015finin bir mala payl\u0131 malik bulunmas\u0131 ve bu mal\u0131n malikleri aras\u0131nda maddi olarak payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olunmamas\u0131 gerekir. Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na sahip birden ziyade ki\u015fi olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen e\u015fya \u00fczerinde tek bir m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 mevcuttur…\u201d[1]<\/p>\n
\u201c…payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyetin konusu fiili olarak b\u00f6l\u00fcnmemi\u015f e\u015fya ve m\u00fc\u015fterek m\u00fclkiyet\u00a0ise ayn\u0131 hukuki stat\u00fcde bulunan birden \u00e7ok ki\u015finin belirli bir e\u015fyaya ayn\u0131 anda payl\u0131 olarak malik olduklar\u0131 bir topluluk m\u00fclkiyeti \u015feklidir. Payda\u015flar\u0131n e\u015fya \u00fczerinde sahip bulunduklar\u0131 hisse maddi olarak (fiilen) b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olmayan soyut bir hisse niteli\u011findedir. Ba\u015fka bir anlat\u0131mla fiziki b\u00f6l\u00fcnme de\u011fil, fikri b\u00f6l\u00fcnmenin s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla her payda\u015f\u0131n m\u00fc\u015fterek e\u015fyan\u0131n her par\u00e7as\u0131nda hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu, ayr\u0131ca m\u00fc\u015fterek e\u015fya ile ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcnebilen yetkiler \u00fczerinde her hissedar\u0131n pay\u0131 oran\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu, fakat b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeyen yetkilerde herkesi hakk\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fyan\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r…\u201d[2]<\/p>\n
2. Payl\u0131 M\u00fclkiyete Tabi Ta\u015f\u0131nmazlara Payda\u015f Olmayanlarca Elat\u0131lmas\u0131 Halinde Payda\u015f\u0131n Di\u011fer Payda\u015flar\u0131 Temsil Yetkisi<\/p>\n
Yukar\u0131da da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, payda\u015flardan biri, tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7abilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her pay sahibi yani payda\u015f, pay\u0131 \u00fczerinde ferdi m\u00fclkiyetteki malik gibi hak ve yetkilere sahiptir. Bu nedenle payda\u015flar bu davay\u0131 paylar\u0131 oran\u0131nda a\u00e7abilecekleri gibi, TMK\u2019nin 693\/1. maddesinde yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemeye dayanarak \u00f6teki payda\u015flar\u0131 temsilen mal\u0131n tamam\u0131 hakk\u0131nda da a\u00e7abilirler.<\/p>\n
\u201c…Hemen belirtmek gerekir ki; TMK\u2019nin 693\/son maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fc uyar\u0131nca payda\u015flardan her biri b\u00f6l\u00fcnemeyen ortak menfaatlerin korumas\u0131n\u0131 di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131 temsilen sa\u011flayabilir. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle bir veya birka\u00e7 payda\u015f\u0131n bu t\u00fcrl\u00fc davalarda di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131 temsile yetkili bulundu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k olup, davac\u0131n\u0131n tek ba\u015f\u0131na di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131 temsilen dava a\u00e7abilece\u011fi kabul edilmelidir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan davac\u0131 27 parsel say\u0131l\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz payda\u015f\u0131, daval\u0131 ise 26 parsel say\u0131l\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz payda\u015f\u0131 olup, \u00e7eki\u015fme konusu 27 parsel say\u0131l\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmazda daval\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fclkiyetten veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden kaynaklanan korunacak yasal bir hakk\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan intifadan men ko\u015fulunun aranmayaca\u011f\u0131 da a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Daval\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fclkiyet iddias\u0131n\u0131n dava d\u0131\u015f\u0131 26 parsel say\u0131l\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaza dair oldu\u011fu ve 21\/06\/1994 tarih, 13\/24 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131 g\u00f6zetilerek davac\u0131 payda\u015f\u0131n a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davas\u0131n\u0131n, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131ndan kaynaklanan ayni hakk\u0131na \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131nmak suretiyle elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi iste\u011finin ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc y\u00f6n\u00fcnden kabul edilmesi zorunludur\u2026\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi E. 2014\/18786 K. 2016\/7575 T. 23.6.2016)<\/p>\n
\u201c…Dava, \u00e7apl\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaza el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ve ecrimisil isteklerine ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
Mahkemece, el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi iste\u011finin kabul\u00fcne, ecrimisil iste\u011finin k\u0131smen kabul\u00fcne karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Dosya i\u00e7eri\u011fi ve toplanan deliller ile dava konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmazda davac\u0131lar ile dava d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ki\u015filerin payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet \u00fczere kayden payda\u015f olduklar\u0131, daval\u0131n\u0131n kay\u0131ttan ve m\u00fclkiyetten kaynaklanan bir hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak \u00e7eki\u015fmeli ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kullanmak suretiyle elatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlenmek ve benimsenmek suretiyle el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi iste\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne karar verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131nda bir isabetsizlik yoktur…\u201d[3]<\/p>\n
\u201c…TMK\u2019nin 693\/son maddesinde: “Payda\u015flardan her biri, b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeyen ortak menfaatlerin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131 temsilen sa\u011flayabilir.” h\u00fckm\u00fc d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Somut olayda… davac\u0131n\u0131n payda\u015f\u0131 bulundu\u011fu ta\u015f\u0131nmaza, ta\u015f\u0131nmazla kayden ilgisi bulunmayan daval\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan haks\u0131z bi\u00e7imde dikilen a\u011fa\u00e7lar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden m\u00fctemmim c\u00fcz kural\u0131n\u0131n uygulanamayaca\u011f\u0131 ve kald\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131n davac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tek ba\u015f\u0131na istenebilece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hal b\u00f6yle olunca, ta\u015f\u0131nmaza dikilen a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n da kal’ine karar verilmesi ve… gerekti\u011fi hususlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmemesi isabetsizdir…\u201d[4]<\/p>\n
3. Elatman\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesine \u0130li\u015fkin H\u00fckm\u00fcn Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n Tamam\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Olmas\u0131 Zorunlulu\u011fu<\/p>\n
Elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davas\u0131 bir payda\u015f taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa dahi, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz paya b\u00f6l\u00fcnemiyorsa ve elatma ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiriyorsa elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davas\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tamam\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ve h\u00fckm\u00fcn de ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tamam\u0131 hakk\u0131nda kurulmas\u0131nda zorunluluk vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u201c…Dava, \u00e7apl\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaza elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi iste\u011fine ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
21.06.1944 tarih ve 13\/24 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130nan\u00e7lar\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131nda ve 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu’nun (TMK) 689. maddesinde d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi \u00fczere payda\u015flar\u0131n anla\u015fma ile dahi s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lamayacak hak ve yetkileri d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup, payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette payda\u015flardan birisi ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilir. Bunun i\u00e7in t\u00fcm payda\u015flar\u0131n birlikte hareket etmesi zorunlu de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7eki\u015fme konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz, TMK\u2019nin 688. ve devam\u0131 maddelerinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine tabi olup davac\u0131n\u0131n dava d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ki\u015filerle birlikte ta\u015f\u0131nmazda payda\u015f oldu\u011fu, daval\u0131n\u0131n ise kay\u0131ttan ve m\u00fclkiyetten kaynaklanan bir hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 mahallinde yap\u0131lan ke\u015fif, tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131 ve bilirki\u015fi raporlar\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. TMK\u2019nin 693. maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fc uyar\u0131nca bir payda\u015f\u0131n bu t\u00fcrl\u00fc davalarda di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131 temsile yetkili bulundu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yukar\u0131da bahsedilen \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca; payda\u015f\u0131n a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davas\u0131n\u0131n, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131ndan kaynaklanan ayni hakk\u0131na de\u011fer verilmek suretiyle elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi iste\u011finin pay oran\u0131nda de\u011fil, mutlak olarak, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc y\u00f6n\u00fcnden kabul edilmesi zorunludur. Bu husus, T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunun 684. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin bir gere\u011fidir. O halde, mutlak olarak elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesine karar verilmesi gerekirken, pay oran\u0131nda elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesine karar verilmesi do\u011fru de\u011fildir…\u201d[5]<\/p>\n
\u201c…TMK 693\/son maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fc uyar\u0131nca payda\u015flardan her biri b\u00f6l\u00fcnemeyen ortak menfaatlerin korumas\u0131n\u0131 di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131 temsilen sa\u011flayabilir. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle bir veya birka\u00e7 payda\u015f\u0131n bu t\u00fcrl\u00fc davalarda di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131 temsile yetkili bulundu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. 21\/06\/1994 tarih, 13\/24 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca da; payda\u015f\u0131n a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davas\u0131n\u0131n, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131ndan kaynaklanan ayni hakk\u0131na de\u011fer verilmek suretiyle elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi iste\u011finin pay oran\u0131nda de\u011fil, mutlak olarak, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc y\u00f6n\u00fcnden kabul edilmesi zorunludur. Bu durumda mahkemece TMK\u2019nin bu a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00fckm\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda daval\u0131n\u0131n mutlak elatmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesine karar verilmesi gerekirken, daval\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tecav\u00fcz edilen k\u0131sm\u0131n sadece davac\u0131lar\u0131n pay\u0131na tekab\u00fcl edecek kadar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan daval\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdahalesinin men’ine karar verilmesi do\u011fru olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r…\u201d[6]<\/p>\n
Ayd\u0131n Tekdo\u011fan<\/p>\n
Avukat<\/p>\n
\u0130stanbul B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi<\/p>\n
2. Hukuk Dairesi Emekli Ba\u015fkan\u0131<\/p>\n
————–<\/p>\n
*\u00a0Ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in Tekdo\u011fan A., \u00c7apl\u0131 ve Kom\u015fu Ta\u015f\u0131nmaza Elatman\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesi Temliken Tescil ve Tazminat Davalar\u0131, 2. Bask\u0131, Se\u00e7kin Yay\u0131nevi, Eyl\u00fcl 2023, 1104 Sayfa<\/p>\n
[1] Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu E. 2012\/14-693 K. 2013\/162 T. 30.1.2013<\/p>\n
[2] Yarg\u0131tay 14. Hukuk Dairesi E. 2010\/8268 K. 2010\/9556 T. 30.9.2010<\/p>\n
[3] Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi E. 2013\/12430 K. 2013\/16847 T. 28.11.2013<\/p>\n
[4] Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi E. 2011\/682 K. 2011\/2265 T. 2.3.2011<\/p>\n
[5] Yarg\u0131tay 8. Hukuk Dairesi E. 2018\/6048 K. 2018\/13252 T. 28.05.2018<\/p>\n
[6] Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi E. 2014\/18781 K. 2016\/7574 T. 23.6.2016<\/p>\n
\u200b1. Genel Olarak Payl\u0131 M\u00fclkiyet<\/p>\n
Birlikte m\u00fclkiyette, e\u015fya \u00fczerindeki m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 birden \u00e7ok ki\u015fiye aittir. Birlikte m\u00fclkiyette e\u011fer malikler belli paylarla mala malik iseler “m\u00fc\u015fterek (payl\u0131) m\u00fclkiyet”, belli paylar\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ortakl\u0131k \u015feklinde mala malik iseler “i\u015ftirak (elbirli\u011fi) m\u00fclkiyeti” (i\u015ftirak halinde m\u00fclkiyet) s\u00f6z konusu olur.<\/p>\n
TMK\u2019nin 688. maddesine g\u00f6re, birden \u00e7ok kimse, maddi olarak b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olmayan bir \u015feyin tamam\u0131na belli paylarla malik iseler payl\u0131 (m\u00fc\u015fterek) m\u00fclkiyet s\u00f6z konusudur. Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette esas itibar\u0131yla e\u015fya \u00fczerinde tek bir m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131\u00a0s\u00f6z konusu ise de, maliklerin say\u0131s\u0131 birden fazla olup, maliklerin her birinin e\u015fya \u00fczerinde paylar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Payda\u015flar aras\u0131nda ne \u015fahsi ne de hukuki bir ba\u011f mevcut de\u011fildir. Payda\u015flar\u0131n paylar\u0131 belirlidir. Paylar\u0131n belirlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131, fiili taksim\u00a0edilmi\u015f anlam\u0131na gelmez. Ortaklar\u0131n paylar\u0131 o \u015feyin tamam\u0131 \u00fczerindedir. Payda\u015f pay\u0131 \u00fczerinde diledi\u011fi gibi tasarruf edebilir. Tasarruf i\u00e7in kural olarak di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131n iznini almak zorunda olmasa da, di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131n TMK\u2019nin 732-734. maddelerde d\u00fczenlenen yasal \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 tasarrufu yapan payda\u015f i\u00e7in faydal\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Payda\u015f\u0131n pay\u0131 \u00fczerinde diledi\u011fi gibi tasarruf edebilmesi kural\u0131n\u0131n bir istisnas\u0131 da, edinilmi\u015f mallara kat\u0131lma rejimidir (TMK\u2019nin 223\/2.). Elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetinden farkl\u0131 olarak payda\u015f pay\u0131n\u0131 tamamen veya k\u0131smen ba\u015fkas\u0131na devredebilir, rehnedebilir, ipotek\u00a0ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz y\u00fck\u00fc\u00a0kurabilir. Ayr\u0131ca, payda\u015f pay\u0131 \u00fczerinde intifa hakk\u0131\u00a0da kurabilir. \u0130ntifa hakk\u0131\u00a0t\u00fcm e\u015fya \u00fczerinde kurulmaz, sadece payda\u015f\u0131n pay\u0131 \u00fczerinde kurulur. Ancak intifa hakk\u0131 sahibi hakk\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcne dokunamaz. Yine payda\u015f pay\u0131 \u00fczerinde intifa hakk\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir irtifak hakk\u0131\u00a0kuramaz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc maddi olarak b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f bir mal s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
\u201c…T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanununun 688. maddesine g\u00f6re, payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyetin s\u00f6z konusu olabilmesi i\u00e7in; birden fazla ki\u015finin bir mala payl\u0131 malik bulunmas\u0131 ve bu mal\u0131n malikleri aras\u0131nda maddi olarak payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olunmamas\u0131 gerekir. Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na sahip birden ziyade ki\u015fi olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen e\u015fya \u00fczerinde tek bir m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 mevcuttur…\u201d[1]<\/p>\n
\u201c…payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyetin konusu fiili olarak b\u00f6l\u00fcnmemi\u015f e\u015fya ve m\u00fc\u015fterek m\u00fclkiyet\u00a0ise ayn\u0131 hukuki stat\u00fcde bulunan birden \u00e7ok ki\u015finin belirli bir e\u015fyaya ayn\u0131 anda payl\u0131 olarak malik olduklar\u0131 bir topluluk m\u00fclkiyeti \u015feklidir. Payda\u015flar\u0131n e\u015fya \u00fczerinde sahip bulunduklar\u0131 hisse maddi olarak (fiilen) b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olmayan soyut bir hisse niteli\u011findedir. Ba\u015fka bir anlat\u0131mla fiziki b\u00f6l\u00fcnme de\u011fil, fikri b\u00f6l\u00fcnmenin s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla her payda\u015f\u0131n m\u00fc\u015fterek e\u015fyan\u0131n her par\u00e7as\u0131nda hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu, ayr\u0131ca m\u00fc\u015fterek e\u015fya ile ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcnebilen yetkiler \u00fczerinde her hissedar\u0131n pay\u0131 oran\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu, fakat b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeyen yetkilerde herkesi hakk\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fyan\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r…\u201d[2]<\/p>\n
2. Payl\u0131 M\u00fclkiyete Tabi Ta\u015f\u0131nmazlara Payda\u015f Olmayanlarca Elat\u0131lmas\u0131 Halinde Payda\u015f\u0131n Di\u011fer Payda\u015flar\u0131 Temsil Yetkisi<\/p>\n
Yukar\u0131da da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, payda\u015flardan biri, tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7abilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her pay sahibi yani payda\u015f, pay\u0131 \u00fczerinde ferdi m\u00fclkiyetteki malik gibi hak ve yetkilere sahiptir. Bu nedenle payda\u015flar bu davay\u0131 paylar\u0131 oran\u0131nda a\u00e7abilecekleri gibi, TMK\u2019nin 693\/1. maddesinde yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemeye dayanarak \u00f6teki payda\u015flar\u0131 temsilen mal\u0131n tamam\u0131 hakk\u0131nda da a\u00e7abilirler.<\/p>\n
\u201c…Hemen belirtmek gerekir ki; TMK\u2019nin 693\/son maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fc uyar\u0131nca payda\u015flardan her biri b\u00f6l\u00fcnemeyen ortak menfaatlerin korumas\u0131n\u0131 di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131 temsilen sa\u011flayabilir. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle bir veya birka\u00e7 payda\u015f\u0131n bu t\u00fcrl\u00fc davalarda di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131 temsile yetkili bulundu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k olup, davac\u0131n\u0131n tek ba\u015f\u0131na di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131 temsilen dava a\u00e7abilece\u011fi kabul edilmelidir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan davac\u0131 27 parsel say\u0131l\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz payda\u015f\u0131, daval\u0131 ise 26 parsel say\u0131l\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz payda\u015f\u0131 olup, \u00e7eki\u015fme konusu 27 parsel say\u0131l\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmazda daval\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fclkiyetten veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden kaynaklanan korunacak yasal bir hakk\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan intifadan men ko\u015fulunun aranmayaca\u011f\u0131 da a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Daval\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fclkiyet iddias\u0131n\u0131n dava d\u0131\u015f\u0131 26 parsel say\u0131l\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaza dair oldu\u011fu ve 21\/06\/1994 tarih, 13\/24 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131 g\u00f6zetilerek davac\u0131 payda\u015f\u0131n a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davas\u0131n\u0131n, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131ndan kaynaklanan ayni hakk\u0131na \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131nmak suretiyle elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi iste\u011finin ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc y\u00f6n\u00fcnden kabul edilmesi zorunludur\u2026\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi E. 2014\/18786 K. 2016\/7575 T. 23.6.2016)<\/p>\n
\u201c…Dava, \u00e7apl\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaza el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ve ecrimisil isteklerine ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
Mahkemece, el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi iste\u011finin kabul\u00fcne, ecrimisil iste\u011finin k\u0131smen kabul\u00fcne karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Dosya i\u00e7eri\u011fi ve toplanan deliller ile dava konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmazda davac\u0131lar ile dava d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ki\u015filerin payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet \u00fczere kayden payda\u015f olduklar\u0131, daval\u0131n\u0131n kay\u0131ttan ve m\u00fclkiyetten kaynaklanan bir hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak \u00e7eki\u015fmeli ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kullanmak suretiyle elatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlenmek ve benimsenmek suretiyle el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi iste\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne karar verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131nda bir isabetsizlik yoktur…\u201d[3]<\/p>\n
\u201c…TMK\u2019nin 693\/son maddesinde: “Payda\u015flardan her biri, b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeyen ortak menfaatlerin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131 temsilen sa\u011flayabilir.” h\u00fckm\u00fc d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Somut olayda… davac\u0131n\u0131n payda\u015f\u0131 bulundu\u011fu ta\u015f\u0131nmaza, ta\u015f\u0131nmazla kayden ilgisi bulunmayan daval\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan haks\u0131z bi\u00e7imde dikilen a\u011fa\u00e7lar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden m\u00fctemmim c\u00fcz kural\u0131n\u0131n uygulanamayaca\u011f\u0131 ve kald\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131n davac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tek ba\u015f\u0131na istenebilece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hal b\u00f6yle olunca, ta\u015f\u0131nmaza dikilen a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n da kal’ine karar verilmesi ve… gerekti\u011fi hususlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmemesi isabetsizdir…\u201d[4]<\/p>\n
3. Elatman\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesine \u0130li\u015fkin H\u00fckm\u00fcn Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n Tamam\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Olmas\u0131 Zorunlulu\u011fu<\/p>\n
Elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davas\u0131 bir payda\u015f taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa dahi, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz paya b\u00f6l\u00fcnemiyorsa ve elatma ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiriyorsa elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davas\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tamam\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ve h\u00fckm\u00fcn de ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tamam\u0131 hakk\u0131nda kurulmas\u0131nda zorunluluk vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u201c…Dava, \u00e7apl\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaza elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi iste\u011fine ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
21.06.1944 tarih ve 13\/24 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130nan\u00e7lar\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131nda ve 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu’nun (TMK) 689. maddesinde d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi \u00fczere payda\u015flar\u0131n anla\u015fma ile dahi s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lamayacak hak ve yetkileri d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup, payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette payda\u015flardan birisi ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilir. Bunun i\u00e7in t\u00fcm payda\u015flar\u0131n birlikte hareket etmesi zorunlu de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7eki\u015fme konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz, TMK\u2019nin 688. ve devam\u0131 maddelerinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine tabi olup davac\u0131n\u0131n dava d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ki\u015filerle birlikte ta\u015f\u0131nmazda payda\u015f oldu\u011fu, daval\u0131n\u0131n ise kay\u0131ttan ve m\u00fclkiyetten kaynaklanan bir hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 mahallinde yap\u0131lan ke\u015fif, tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131 ve bilirki\u015fi raporlar\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. TMK\u2019nin 693. maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fc uyar\u0131nca bir payda\u015f\u0131n bu t\u00fcrl\u00fc davalarda di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131 temsile yetkili bulundu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yukar\u0131da bahsedilen \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca; payda\u015f\u0131n a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davas\u0131n\u0131n, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131ndan kaynaklanan ayni hakk\u0131na de\u011fer verilmek suretiyle elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi iste\u011finin pay oran\u0131nda de\u011fil, mutlak olarak, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc y\u00f6n\u00fcnden kabul edilmesi zorunludur. Bu husus, T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunun 684. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin bir gere\u011fidir. O halde, mutlak olarak elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesine karar verilmesi gerekirken, pay oran\u0131nda elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesine karar verilmesi do\u011fru de\u011fildir…\u201d[5]<\/p>\n
\u201c…TMK 693\/son maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fc uyar\u0131nca payda\u015flardan her biri b\u00f6l\u00fcnemeyen ortak menfaatlerin korumas\u0131n\u0131 di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131 temsilen sa\u011flayabilir. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle bir veya birka\u00e7 payda\u015f\u0131n bu t\u00fcrl\u00fc davalarda di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131 temsile yetkili bulundu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. 21\/06\/1994 tarih, 13\/24 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca da; payda\u015f\u0131n a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davas\u0131n\u0131n, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131ndan kaynaklanan ayni hakk\u0131na de\u011fer verilmek suretiyle elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi iste\u011finin pay oran\u0131nda de\u011fil, mutlak olarak, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc y\u00f6n\u00fcnden kabul edilmesi zorunludur. Bu durumda mahkemece TMK\u2019nin bu a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00fckm\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda daval\u0131n\u0131n mutlak elatmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesine karar verilmesi gerekirken, daval\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tecav\u00fcz edilen k\u0131sm\u0131n sadece davac\u0131lar\u0131n pay\u0131na tekab\u00fcl edecek kadar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan daval\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdahalesinin men’ine karar verilmesi do\u011fru olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r…\u201d[6]<\/p>\n
Ayd\u0131n Tekdo\u011fan<\/p>\n
Avukat<\/p>\n
\u0130stanbul B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi<\/p>\n
2. Hukuk Dairesi Emekli Ba\u015fkan\u0131<\/p>\n
————–<\/p>\n
*\u00a0Ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in Tekdo\u011fan A., \u00c7apl\u0131 ve Kom\u015fu Ta\u015f\u0131nmaza Elatman\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesi Temliken Tescil ve Tazminat Davalar\u0131, 2. Bask\u0131, Se\u00e7kin Yay\u0131nevi, Eyl\u00fcl 2023, 1104 Sayfa<\/p>\n
[1] Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu E. 2012\/14-693 K. 2013\/162 T. 30.1.2013<\/p>\n
[2] Yarg\u0131tay 14. Hukuk Dairesi E. 2010\/8268 K. 2010\/9556 T. 30.9.2010<\/p>\n
[3] Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi E. 2013\/12430 K. 2013\/16847 T. 28.11.2013<\/p>\n
[4] Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi E. 2011\/682 K. 2011\/2265 T. 2.3.2011<\/p>\n
[5] Yarg\u0131tay 8. Hukuk Dairesi E. 2018\/6048 K. 2018\/13252 T. 28.05.2018<\/p>\n
[6] Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi E. 2014\/18781 K. 2016\/7574 T. 23.6.2016\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1. Genel Olarak Payl\u0131 M\u00fclkiyet Birlikte m\u00fclkiyette, e\u015fya \u00fczerindeki m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 birden \u00e7ok ki\u015fiye aittir. Birlikte m\u00fclkiyette e\u011fer malikler belli paylarla mala malik iseler “m\u00fc\u015fterek (payl\u0131) m\u00fclkiyet”, belli paylar\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ortakl\u0131k \u015feklinde mala malik iseler “i\u015ftirak (elbirli\u011fi) m\u00fclkiyeti” (i\u015ftirak halinde m\u00fclkiyet) s\u00f6z konusu olur. TMK\u2019nin 688. maddesine g\u00f6re, birden \u00e7ok kimse, maddi olarak b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olmayan bir \u015feyin tamam\u0131na belli paylarla malik iseler payl\u0131 (m\u00fc\u015fterek) m\u00fclkiyet s\u00f6z konusudur. Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette esas itibar\u0131yla e\u015fya \u00fczerinde tek bir m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131\u00a0s\u00f6z konusu ise de, maliklerin say\u0131s\u0131 birden fazla olup, maliklerin her birinin e\u015fya \u00fczerinde paylar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Payda\u015flar aras\u0131nda ne \u015fahsi ne de hukuki bir ba\u011f mevcut de\u011fildir. Payda\u015flar\u0131n paylar\u0131 belirlidir. Paylar\u0131n belirlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131, fiili taksim\u00a0edilmi\u015f anlam\u0131na gelmez. Ortaklar\u0131n paylar\u0131 o \u015feyin tamam\u0131 \u00fczerindedir. Payda\u015f pay\u0131 \u00fczerinde diledi\u011fi gibi tasarruf edebilir. Tasarruf i\u00e7in kural olarak di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131n iznini almak zorunda olmasa da, di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131n TMK\u2019nin 732-734. maddelerde d\u00fczenlenen yasal \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 tasarrufu yapan payda\u015f i\u00e7in faydal\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Payda\u015f\u0131n pay\u0131 \u00fczerinde diledi\u011fi gibi tasarruf edebilmesi kural\u0131n\u0131n bir istisnas\u0131 da, edinilmi\u015f mallara kat\u0131lma rejimidir (TMK\u2019nin 223\/2.). Elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetinden farkl\u0131 olarak payda\u015f pay\u0131n\u0131 tamamen veya k\u0131smen ba\u015fkas\u0131na devredebilir, rehnedebilir, ipotek\u00a0ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz y\u00fck\u00fc\u00a0kurabilir. Ayr\u0131ca, payda\u015f pay\u0131 \u00fczerinde intifa hakk\u0131\u00a0da kurabilir. \u0130ntifa hakk\u0131\u00a0t\u00fcm e\u015fya \u00fczerinde kurulmaz, sadece payda\u015f\u0131n …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-48005","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n