T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130<\/p>\n
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B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
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KARAR<\/p>\n
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C. \u00d6. BA\u015eVURUSU<\/p>\n
(Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2021\/22471)<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi: 31\/10\/2024<\/p>\n
B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcyeler<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
Raport\u00f6r<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Ekin \u00c7ANKAL<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucu<\/p>\n
Vekili<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Av. Hasan Can \u00d6ZKAN<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
I. BA\u015eVURUNUN \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvuru, bir siyaset\u00e7iye y\u00f6nelik sosyal medya payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6sterilerek adli para cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lma nedeniyle ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
2. \u00dclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda tan\u0131n\u0131r olmayan ba\u015fvurucu, sade bir vatanda\u015ft\u0131r. Facebook isimli sosyal payla\u015f\u0131m sitesinde ba\u015fvurucunun ad\u0131na kay\u0131tl\u0131 profil hesab\u0131ndan 10\/5\/2020 tarihinde M.G.nin foto\u011fraf\u0131 yan\u0131nda “TC’yi tabelaya s\u0131\u011fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131k… Hat\u0131rlad\u0131n\u0131z m\u0131 r\u00fc\u015fvet\u00e7i h\u0131rs\u0131z\u0131 \u015fimdi fel\u00e7li” \u015feklinde payla\u015f\u0131m yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Payla\u015f\u0131mda ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en M.G. \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda tan\u0131nan eski bir b\u00fcrokrat ve siyaset\u00e7idir. Uzun y\u0131llar kaymakaml\u0131k ve valilik yapan M.G. 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda i\u00e7i\u015fleri bakan\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rev alm\u0131\u015f, 2011-2015 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ise Ak Parti Mardin milletvekilli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hakk\u0131nda 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan yolsuzluk iddialar\u0131 \u00fczerine bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6revinden istifa etmi\u015f ve ilerleyen y\u0131llarda siyaset arenas\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
3. Hakk\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan yolsuzluk iddialar\u0131ndan y\u0131llar sonra ba\u015fvurucunun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131m nedeniyle M.G. (kat\u0131lan) ba\u015fvurucuyu kendisine hakaret etti\u011finden bahisle cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 istemiyle \u015fik\u00e2yet etmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu \u015fik\u00e2yet \u00fczerine sesli, yaz\u0131l\u0131 veya g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc bir ileti ile hakaret su\u00e7undan \u0130stanbul Anadolu Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda iddianame d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. \u0130stanbul Anadolu Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi (Mahkeme) ba\u015fvurucunun ad\u0131na kay\u0131tl\u0131 profil hesab\u0131ndaki payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ba\u015fvurucunun yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki iddiay\u0131 destekler delil bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve mezk\u00fbr payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilemeyece\u011fi kanaatine varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130htilaf konusu ifadelerin hakaret su\u00e7unu olu\u015fturdu\u011fu sonucuna ula\u015fan Mahkeme, ba\u015fvurucunun 2.320 TL adli para cezas\u0131 ile mahk\u00fbmiyetine kesin olarak 15\/4\/2021 tarihinde karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
4. Ba\u015fvurucu 15\/4\/2021 tarihinde nihai karardan haberdar olmu\u015f, 29\/4\/2021 tarihinde bireysel ba\u015fvuruda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
5. Ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik ve esas incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
II. DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RME<\/p>\n
6. Ba\u015fvurucu, ad\u0131na kay\u0131tl\u0131 profil hesab\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan payla\u015f\u0131m kendisine ait olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan hakaret su\u00e7unu i\u015flemesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kovu\u015fturma s\u00fcrecinde ald\u0131r\u0131lan bilirki\u015fi raporunda da mezk\u00fbr hesaptaki ifadelerin kendisine ait olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunda \u015f\u00fcpheden uzak bir tespitin yap\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulam\u0131\u015f; payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n kendisine ait oldu\u011fu kabul edilse dahi m\u00fc\u015ftekinin siyaset\u00e7i kimli\u011fi dikkate al\u0131narak ifadelerin hakaretten ziyade ele\u015ftiri niteli\u011finde oldu\u011funun kabul edilmesi gerekti\u011fini ve siyaset\u00e7ilerin ele\u015ftiriye tahamm\u00fcl etme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinin geni\u015f oldu\u011funu belirterek hakk\u0131nda adli para cezas\u0131na h\u00fckmedilmesi nedeniyle ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini iddia etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
7. Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Bakanl\u0131k) g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde; ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile \u015feref ve itibar hakk\u0131 aras\u0131nda adil bir denge kurulup kurulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fi, somut olay\u0131n kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc ko\u015fullar\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak ba\u015fvurucunun yarg\u0131laman\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7inde yarg\u0131 mekanizmalar\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde dezavantajl\u0131 bir duruma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmedi\u011fi ve ba\u015fvurucunun adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edilip edilmedi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu, Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 beyan\u0131nda bireysel ba\u015fvuru formunda ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iddialar\u0131 yinelemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
8. Ba\u015fvuru, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
9. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kabul edilemezli\u011fine karar verilmesini gerektirecek ba\u015fka bir nedeni de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
10. \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen m\u00fcdahalenin dayana\u011f\u0131 olan 26\/9\/2004 tarihli ve 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu’nun 125. maddesinin kanunilik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. M\u00fcdahalenin ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u00f6hret veya haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00f6nlemlerin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve me\u015fru bir ama\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu belirlemenin ard\u0131ndan m\u00fcdahalenin demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygunlu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnden inceleme yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
11. Anayasa’n\u0131n 26. maddesinde korunan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yap\u0131lan bir m\u00fcdahalenin demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygun kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in zorunlu bir ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan orant\u0131l\u0131 bir m\u00fcdahale olmas\u0131 gerekir (Bekir Co\u015fkun [GK], B. No: 2014\/12151, 4\/6\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 53-55; Mehmet Ali Ayd\u0131n [GK], B. No: 2013\/9343, 4\/6\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 70-72). Somut olaya gelince, ba\u015fvurucunun ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin me\u015fru amac\u0131 olan davac\u0131n\u0131n \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Taraflardan birinin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile di\u011ferinin \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131 aras\u0131nda adil bir denge g\u00f6zetilmesi \u00f6nemlidir (\u00e7at\u0131\u015fan haklar aras\u0131nda dengeleme yap\u0131l\u0131rken kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler i\u00e7in bkz. Orhan Ayd\u0131n, B. No: 2020\/13392, 5\/9\/2023, \u00a7 10).<\/p>\n
12. An\u0131lan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda somut olay irdelendi\u011finde kat\u0131lan aleyhine sarf edildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lan s\u00f6zlerin ba\u011flam\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncelikle de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekir. Zira hakaret boyutuna var\u0131p varmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilirken ifadeler kullan\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 ba\u011flamdan kopar\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n olay\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7inde ele al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. 17-25 Aral\u0131k soru\u015fturmalar\u0131 olarak an\u0131lan s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u0130stanbul Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 2013 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda ba\u015flat\u0131lan operasyonlar kapsam\u0131nda davac\u0131n\u0131n o\u011flu g\u00f6z alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Soru\u015fturmalar\u0131n ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 olan davac\u0131 da yolsuzluk yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilenler aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6revinden istifa etmek durumunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
13. Bununla birlikte Anayasa Mahkemesi somut olayda, ba\u015fvurucunun kat\u0131lanla ilgili yolsuzluk iddialar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde olay tarihinden y\u0131llar sonra yap\u0131lan ve konunun g\u00fcncelli\u011fi konusunda ciddi teredd\u00fctlerin olu\u015ftu\u011fu, ba\u015fvuruya konu payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda say\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvuruyla ilgili olarak Anayasa Mahkemesinin rol\u00fc, derece mahkemelerince yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmelerin ve var\u0131lan sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n hukuka uygunlu\u011funu denetlemek de\u011fildir. Zira belirli bir davaya ili\u015fkin olarak delilleri de\u011ferlendirme ve g\u00f6sterilmek istenen delilin davayla ilgili olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verme yetkisi esasen derece mahkemelerine aittir (bir\u00e7ok karar aras\u0131ndan bkz. Orhan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 [GK], B. No: 2014\/4704, 1\/2\/2018, \u00a7 44; Ferhat A\u015fan, B. No: 2017\/22230, 16\/6\/2022, \u00a7 52).<\/p>\n
14. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edilmedi\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN ve Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ bu sonuca kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
III. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle;<\/p>\n
A. \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n KABUL ED\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R OLDU\u011eUNA OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
B. \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0130HLAL ED\u0130LMED\u0130\u011e\u0130NE Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN ve Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ’in KAR\u015eIOYLARI ve OY\u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA,<\/p>\n
C. Yarg\u0131lama giderlerinin ba\u015fvurucu \u00fczerinde BIRAKILMASINA 31\/10\/2024 tarihinde karar verildi.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvurucu, 10.5.2020 tarihinde Facebook adl\u0131 sosyal payla\u015f\u0131m sitesinde ba\u015fvurucunun ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan profil hesab\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan payla\u015f\u0131m nedeniyle hakaret su\u00e7undan yarg\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f ve 2.320 TL adli para cezas\u0131na mahkum edilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu; ad\u0131na kay\u0131tl\u0131 profil hesab\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan payla\u015f\u0131m kendisine ait olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan hakaret su\u00e7unu i\u015flemesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kovu\u015fturma s\u00fcrecinde ald\u0131r\u0131lan bilirki\u015fi raporunda da mezk\u00fbr hesaptaki ifadelerin bizzat kendisine ait olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunda \u015f\u00fcpheden uzak bir tespitin yap\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n kendisine ait oldu\u011fu kabul edilse dahi m\u00fc\u015ftekinin siyaset\u00e7i kimli\u011fi dikkate al\u0131narak ifadelerin ele\u015ftiri niteli\u011finde oldu\u011funun kabul edilmesi gerekti\u011fini ve siyaset\u00e7ilerin ele\u015ftiriye tahamm\u00fcl etme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinin geni\u015f oldu\u011funu belirterek hakk\u0131nda adli para cezas\u0131na h\u00fckmedilmesi nedeniyle ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini iddia etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2. Somut olayda ilk olarak kovu\u015fturma s\u00fcrecinde Mahkemenin, ba\u015fvurucunun ihtilafl\u0131 ifadelerin kendisine ait olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin iddias\u0131n\u0131n teknik a\u00e7\u0131dan incelenmesi amac\u0131yla ald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilirki\u015fi raporunda, ifadelerin ba\u015fvurucuya ait oldu\u011funun ku\u015fkuya yer b\u0131rakmayacak \u015fekilde objektif olarak tespitinin eldeki deliller \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Mahkemenin gerek\u00e7esinde, payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 profil hesab\u0131 ba\u015fvurucuya ait oldu\u011fundan yap\u0131lan payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n da ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak rapordaki teknik a\u00e7\u0131klama kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n ba\u015fvurucunun iradesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, teknolojik y\u00f6ntemlerle \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ihtimalinin de\u011ferlendirilmedi\u011fi g\u00f6zlemlenmi\u015ftir. A\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r ki s\u00fcbutu sorunlu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6sterilerek ki\u015filerin cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ba\u015fvurucunun ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczerinde cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etki do\u011furur.<\/p>\n
3. \u0130kinci olarak, yarg\u0131sal bir belirleme olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde dahi baz\u0131 vakalar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 ve soru\u015fturmalara konu olunmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla siyaset\u00e7ilerin ele\u015ftiri alan\u0131 ile y\u00f6netici kademesindeki kamu g\u00f6revlileri hakk\u0131nda bireylerin ve gazetecilerin kamuoyu denetimi ba\u011flam\u0131nda ele\u015ftiri alan\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015f oldu\u011fu hususu A\u0130HM ve AYM kararlar\u0131nda vurgulanan bir husustur. Kamusal alandaki tart\u0131\u015fmalarda ele\u015ftiri alan\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015f tutulmas\u0131 demokratik toplum bak\u0131m\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7ilmez de\u011ferdedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin kamusal tart\u0131\u015fmalara ili\u015fkin ele\u015ftirilere yapt\u0131r\u0131m uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n gazetecilerin benzer tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etkiye neden olaca\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmi\u015ftir (A\u0130HM Otegi Mondragon\/\u0130spanya, No: 2034\/07, 15.3.2011, par. 51). Esasen ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin demokratik toplum d\u00fczeni bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zorunlu bir ihtiyaca dayanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumda, m\u00fcdahale ile olu\u015fturulan cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etki gelece\u011fe y\u00f6nelik bir t\u00fcr sans\u00fcr i\u015flevi g\u00f6rebilecektir. \u00d6te yandan benzer kararlarda (A\u0130HM Uj\/Macaristan, 19.7.2011, par. 17-21 ve burada \u00f6nceki kararlara yap\u0131lan at\u0131flar ba\u011flam\u0131nda), ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn istisnalar\u0131n\u0131n dar yorumlanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, \u00fcst d\u00fczey kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin (devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131, bakan ve parlamento \u00fcyeleri gibi) ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131da bunlara daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyede koruma imkan\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
4. Bu ba\u011flamda incelenen olayda bir ifade a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na ceza yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ile m\u00fcdahalede bulunuldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu m\u00fcdahalenin kanuni dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu ve me\u015fru amac\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Bununla birlikte demokratik toplum d\u00fczeni bak\u0131m\u0131ndan gereklili\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayn\u0131 \u015fey s\u00f6ylenemez. Anayasa Mahkemesi, \u00e7ok say\u0131daki karar\u0131nda gerek\u00e7esiz olarak veya Anayasa Mahkemesince ortaya konulan kriterleri kar\u015f\u0131lamayan bir gerek\u00e7e ile ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalelerin Anayasa’n\u0131n 26. maddesini ihlal edece\u011fini ifade etmi\u015ftir (Kemal K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu, \u00a7 58; Bekir Co\u015fkun, \u00a7 56; Tansel \u00c7\u00f6la\u015fan, \u00a7 56; Z\u00fcbeyde F\u00fcsun \u00dcstel ve di\u011ferleri, \u00a7 120).<\/p>\n
5. \u0130lk derece mahkemesi su\u00e7 isnad\u0131na konu payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n muhatab\u0131n\u0131n 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bakan oldu\u011fu s\u0131rada g\u00fcndeme gelen ve yasama organ\u0131nda soru\u015fturma konusu olan yolsuzluk iddialar\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve bu t\u00fcr iddialar\u0131n gerek o d\u00f6nemde ve gerekse sonraki d\u00f6nemde medya ve siyaset\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen tart\u0131\u015fmalarda dile getirilmi\u015f oldu\u011funa ve payla\u015f\u0131mdaki somut bir tarih ve olay atf\u0131 olmayan h\u0131rs\u0131z ve r\u00fc\u015fvet\u00e7i s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerinin bir vaka veya olgu isnad\u0131 olmay\u0131p genel bir yolsuzluk iddias\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 ve de\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131 olarak dile getirildi\u011fine dair iddialar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan bir tart\u0131\u015fma yapmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n an\u0131lan tarihten 7 y\u0131l sonra yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde mahkemece payla\u015f\u0131m ile g\u00fcncel bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya katk\u0131 sunulup sunulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da incelenmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
6. Ceza mahkemesinin mahkumiyet gerek\u00e7esinde yaln\u0131zca soyut bir de\u011ferlendirmeyle s\u00f6z konusu ifadelerin hakaret su\u00e7unu olu\u015fturdu\u011fu kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Yukar\u0131da belirtilen s\u00fcbuta ve esasa dair hususlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Mahkemenin ba\u015fvurucunun mahk\u00fbmiyeti bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gerek\u00e7enin ba\u015fvurucunun ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahale i\u00e7in ilgili ve yeterli oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemektedir. Bu nedenlerle ba\u015fvurucunun ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndeyim.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
\u00a0Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/p>\n
1. Bir siyaset\u00e7iye y\u00f6nelik sosyal medya payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 nedeniyle adli para cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fvurucunun ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihlal etti\u011fi iddias\u0131yla yap\u0131lan bireysel ba\u015fvuruda Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funca ula\u015f\u0131lan ba\u015fvurucunun Anayasa’n\u0131n 26. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edilmedi\u011fine ili\u015fkin karara kat\u0131lmamaktay\u0131m.<\/p>\n
2. Facebook isimli sosyal payla\u015f\u0131m sitesinde ba\u015fvurucunun ad\u0131 ile an\u0131lan profil hesab\u0131ndan 10\/5\/2020 tarihinde \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda tan\u0131nan eski bir b\u00fcrokrat ve siyaset\u00e7i M.G.nin foto\u011fraf\u0131 yan\u0131nda “TC’yi tabelaya s\u0131\u011fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131k… Hat\u0131rlad\u0131n\u0131z m\u0131 r\u00fc\u015fvet\u00e7i h\u0131rs\u0131z\u0131 \u015fimdi fel\u00e7li” \u015feklinde payla\u015f\u0131mda bulunulmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fvurucu, bu payla\u015f\u0131m nedeniyle M.G. taraf\u0131ndan cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 talebiyle Savc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa \u015fikayet edilmi\u015ftir.Bunun \u00fczerine ba\u015fvurucu ile ilgili yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonucunda ba\u015fvurucunun ad\u0131na kay\u0131tl\u0131 profil hesab\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki iddiay\u0131 destekler delil bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve mezk\u00fbr payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilemeyece\u011fi kanaatine ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bahse konu payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n hakaret su\u00e7unu olu\u015fturdu\u011fu kanaatiyle ba\u015fvurucu 2.320 TL adli para cezas\u0131 ile mahk\u00fbm edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
3. Ba\u015fvurucu; ad\u0131na kay\u0131tl\u0131 profil hesab\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n kendisine ait olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan hakaret su\u00e7unu i\u015flemesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kovu\u015fturma s\u00fcrecinde ald\u0131r\u0131lan bilirki\u015fi raporunda da mezk\u00fbr hesaptaki ifadelerin bizzat kendisine ait olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunda \u015f\u00fcpheden uzak bir tespitin yap\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulam\u0131\u015f, payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n kendisine ait oldu\u011fu kabul edilse dahi m\u00fc\u015ftekinin siyaset\u00e7i kimli\u011fi dikkate al\u0131narak bahse konu ifadelerin hakaretten ziyade ele\u015ftiri niteli\u011finde oldu\u011funun kabul edilmesi gerekti\u011fini ve siyaset\u00e7ilerin ele\u015ftiriye tahamm\u00fcl etme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinin geni\u015f oldu\u011funu belirterek hakk\u0131nda adli para cezas\u0131na h\u00fckmedilmesi nedeniyle ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrerek bireysel ba\u015fvuruda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
4. \u00c7o\u011funluk karar\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucunun ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edilmedi\u011fi kanaatine ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131rken, bahse konu s\u00f6zlerin ba\u011flam\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncelikle de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fi, hakaret boyutuna var\u0131p varmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilirken ifadelerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 ba\u011flamdan kopar\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n olay\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7inde ele al\u0131nmalar\u0131na vurgu yap\u0131larak 17-25 Aral\u0131k soru\u015fturmalar\u0131 olarak an\u0131lan s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u0130stanbul Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 2013 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda ba\u015flat\u0131lan operasyonlar kapsam\u0131nda davac\u0131n\u0131n o\u011flunun g\u00f6z alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ve yolsuzluk yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131 bulunanlar aras\u0131nda soru\u015fturmalar\u0131n ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde i\u00e7i\u015fleri bakan\u0131 olan davac\u0131 da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan davac\u0131n\u0131n bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6revinden istifa etmek durumunda kalmas\u0131na i\u015faret edilmi\u015ftir (12). Sonras\u0131nda ise ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir de\u011ferlendirme yapmaks\u0131z\u0131n Anayasa Mahkemesinin somut olayda ba\u015fvurucunun kat\u0131lanla ilgili yolsuzluk iddialar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde olay tarihinden y\u0131llar sonra yap\u0131lan ve konunun g\u00fcncelli\u011fi konusunda ciddi teredd\u00fctlerin olu\u015ftu\u011fu ba\u015fvuruya konu payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda say\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmi\u015f oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir (13).<\/p>\n
5. \u00c7o\u011funluk karar\u0131nda bu tespitlere yer verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen somut bireysel ba\u015fvuruya konu mesele ile ilgili ne bir de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ne de Mahkememizin \u00f6nceki bir karar\u0131na at\u0131fla bu konu ile ilgili Anayasa Mahkemesinin yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bir de\u011ferlendirmeye dayal\u0131 bi\u00e7imde somut olgular ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Esas\u0131nda bu durumda \u00e7o\u011funluk karar\u0131nda somut bireysel ba\u015fvuruya konu meselenin yeterli bi\u00e7imde ele al\u0131n\u0131p irdelendi\u011fini ve yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeye dayal\u0131 bi\u00e7imde sonuca ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebilmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6z\u00fckmemektedir.Bu y\u00f6n\u00fc ile bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011funluk karar\u0131nda bireysel ba\u015fvurunun esas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendiren ve ba\u015fvuruya konu payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n ni\u00e7in ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda say\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyan bir gerek\u00e7enin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebilmek de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
6. Oysa Anayasa Mahkemesinin benzer bireysel ba\u015fvurularda ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ihlal iddialar\u0131 ile ilgili yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu incelemede bireysel ba\u015fvuruya konu ifadeleri de\u011ferlendirirken taraflardan birisinin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile di\u011fer taraf\u0131n \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131 aras\u0131nda kurulmas\u0131 gereken adil dengeyi hassas bir de\u011ferlendirme ile belirleyip sonuca ula\u015fmaya \u00f6zen g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n
7. Anayasa Mahkemesi birbiriyle \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131 aras\u0131nda dengeleme yaparken hangi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctleri kullanmakta oldu\u011funu derli toplu bi\u00e7imde kararlar\u0131nda da belirtmektedir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te bireysel ba\u015fvuruya konu ifadeler de\u011ferlendirilirken; ifadelerin kim taraf\u0131ndan dile getirildi\u011fi, hedef al\u0131nan ki\u015finin kim oldu\u011fu, \u00fcnl\u00fcl\u00fck derecesi ile ilgili ki\u015finin \u00f6nceki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131, katlanmas\u0131 gereken, kabul edilebilir ele\u015ftiri s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n sade bir vatanda\u015f ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daha geni\u015f olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ifadelerin genel yarara ili\u015fkin bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya katk\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131p sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kamuoyu ile di\u011fer ki\u015filerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sahip olduklar\u0131 haklar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kamuyu bilgilendirme de\u011feri, toplumsal ilginin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve konunun g\u00fcncel olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, m\u00fc\u015ftekinin kendisine y\u00f6neltilen ifadelere cevap verme imkan\u0131n\u0131n bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ifadelerin hedef al\u0131nan ki\u015finin hayat\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkisi ve cezaland\u0131rmaya konu edilen ifadelerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131ndan kopart\u0131l\u0131p kopart\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi \u00f6nem arz etmektedir (Anayasa Mahkemesinin geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi ve bireysel ba\u015fvuru incelemelerinde uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerin derli toplu bi\u00e7imde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir karar i\u00e7in bkz.: Bilal U\u00e7ar, B. No: 2019\/10122, 21\/9\/2022, \u00a7 14).<\/p>\n
8. Mahkememiz bu iki hak aras\u0131nda dengeleme yaparken sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir sonuca ula\u015fma noktas\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikle kullan\u0131lan ifadelerin ba\u011flam\u0131n\u0131n ortaya konulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r. Kullan\u0131lan ifadelerin bir olgusal temelini olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00f6nem arz etmektedir.<\/p>\n
9. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede somut bireysel ba\u015fvuruya konu olay de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde bahse konu payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n ba\u011flam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmesi ve olgusal temelinin olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kamuoyunca da bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere 17-25 Aral\u0131k 2013 soru\u015fturmalar\u0131 olarak an\u0131lan s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u0130stanbul Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 2013 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda ba\u015flat\u0131lan operasyonlar kapsam\u0131nda M.G.\u2019nin (m\u00fc\u015fteki) o\u011flu g\u00f6z alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f; yolsuzluk yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131 bulunanlar aras\u0131nda soru\u015fturmalar\u0131n ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde i\u00e7i\u015fleri bakan\u0131 olan m\u00fc\u015fteki de bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6revinden istifa etmek durumunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ard\u0131ndan Anayasa’n\u0131n 100. ve T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi (TBMM) \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc’n\u00fcn 107. maddesi uyar\u0131nca ba\u015fbakan ve bakanlar hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma yetkisi TBMM’ye ait oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in milletvekillerinden olu\u015fan 9\/8 Esas numaral\u0131 Meclis Soru\u015fturmas\u0131 Komisyonu kurularak m\u00fc\u015ftekinin de yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 haklar\u0131nda yolsuzluk yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131 bulunan eski bakanlar\u0131n yarg\u0131lanmak \u00fczere Y\u00fcce Divana sevki i\u00e7in oylama yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Komisyon \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu bu ki\u015filerin Y\u00fcce Divana sevk edilmemelerine karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
10. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bahse konu payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n bu ba\u011flam\u0131 da dikkate alarak de\u011ferlendirilmesi \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. Her ne kadar FET\u00d6 \/ PDY mensuplar\u0131nca ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi noktas\u0131nda bir \u015f\u00fcphe yoksa da 17 \u2013 25 Aral\u0131k 2013 tarihli soru\u015fturmalar\u0131n \u00fclke g\u00fcndemini yo\u011fun bi\u00e7imde me\u015fgul etti\u011fi ortada iken bahse konu payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesinde bu olgusal temelin de dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Zira bahse konu soru\u015fturmalar kamuoyunda uzun s\u00fcre g\u00fcndemdeki yerini korumu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
11. Payla\u015f\u0131ma konu ifadelerde m\u00fc\u015fteki ile ilgili olarak kullan\u0131lan \u201ch\u0131rs\u0131z\u201d ifadesini de iktidara mensup bir siyaset\u00e7i olarak yolsuzluklara bula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan sert bir de\u011fer yarg\u0131s\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmek gerekmektedir. Nitekim Anayasa Mahkemesi bir karar\u0131nda iktidar partisine y\u00f6nelik a\u00e7\u0131lan bir pankartta yer alan \u201ch\u0131rs\u0131z\u201d ifadesini ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcrken, kanaatimizce bu ba\u015fvuruda da ge\u00e7erli olabilecek \u015fu de\u011ferlendirmeyi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cDemokratik rejimlerde \u00fclkenin sahip oldu\u011fu toplam refah\u0131n t\u00fcm topluma adil bir bi\u00e7imde da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131p da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 meselesi kamusal tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ilk s\u0131ras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Bireylerin veya gruplar\u0131n ekonomiyi d\u00fczenleyici mekanizmalar\u0131n iyi i\u015flemedi\u011finden rant arama ve yolsuzluk iddialar\u0131na kadar bir dizi rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcksek sesle dillendirmeleri, ayr\u0131ca h\u00fck\u00fbmetin hesap vermesini ve y\u00f6netimin olabildi\u011fince saydam olmas\u0131n\u0131 istemeleri ancak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin herhangi bir engelle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmadan a\u00e7\u0131klanabildi\u011fi demokratik rejimlerde m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u201d. (Deniz Karadeniz ve di\u011ferleri [GK], B. No: 2014\/18001, 6\/2\/2020, \u00a7 129).<\/p>\n
12. Her ne kadar bahse konu payla\u015f\u0131mda kullan\u0131lan ifadeler muhatab\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sert ve rahats\u0131z edici olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor olsa da Anayasa Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131nda da ifade edildi\u011fi \u00fczere ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sadece toplum taraf\u0131ndan kabul g\u00f6ren veya zarars\u0131z veya ilgisiz kabul edilen bilgi ve fikirler i\u00e7in de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda incitici, \u015foke edici ya da endi\u015felendirici bilgi ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. (Emin Ayd\u0131n (2), B. No: 2013\/3178, 25\/6\/2015, \u00a7 35).<\/p>\n
13. \u00d6te yandan ba\u015fvurucu, ad\u0131na kay\u0131tl\u0131 profil hesab\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n kendisine ait olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan hakaret su\u00e7unu i\u015flemesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ba\u015fvurucunun ihtilafl\u0131 ifadelerin kendisine ait olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin iddias\u0131n\u0131n teknik a\u00e7\u0131dan incelenmesi amac\u0131yla Savc\u0131l\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan ald\u0131r\u0131lan bilirki\u015fi raporunda, ifadelerin ba\u015fvurucuya ait oldu\u011funun ku\u015fkuya yer b\u0131rakmayacak \u015fekilde objektif olarak tespitinin eldeki deliller \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmesinde bulunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
14. S\u00fcbutu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle sorunlu oldu\u011fu mahkeme karar\u0131ndaki de\u011ferlendirmeden de anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ba\u015fvurucunun yine de bu payla\u015f\u0131mlar esas al\u0131narak cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve mahkemenin gerek\u00e7esinde s\u00fcbutu yorum yoluyla ve olduk\u00e7a sorunlu bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla kabul etmesi ba\u015fvurucunun ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemli bir cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etki do\u011furacak niteliktedir.<\/p>\n
15. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla derece mahkemelerinin ba\u015fvurucunun ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile davac\u0131n\u0131n \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131 aras\u0131nda adil bir denge kurduklar\u0131ndan bahsedilemeyece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Zira mahkemeler bahse konu payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyarak de\u011ferlendirmemi\u015f ve ba\u015fvurucunun bu payla\u015f\u0131mlardan hareketle ni\u00e7in cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ilgili ve yeterli gerek\u00e7e ile ortaya koyabilmi\u015f de\u011fildir. \u00d6te yandan derece mahkemelerinin kararlar\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n bizzat ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktas\u0131nda \u015f\u00fcpheden uzak bir de\u011ferlendirme de yap\u0131labilmi\u015f de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
16. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fc ile bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucunun ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin her ne kadar ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u00f6hret ve haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 bi\u00e7imindeki bir me\u015fru amac\u0131 mevcut ise de bu s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygun oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebilmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
17. Sonu\u00e7 olarak yukar\u0131da belirtilen nedenlerle, ba\u015fvurucunun Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 26. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fi kanaatinde oldu\u011fumdan \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun aksi y\u00f6ndeki karar\u0131na kat\u0131lmamaktay\u0131m.<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00a0Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 31\/10\/2024 tarihli ve 2021\/22471 ba\u015fvuru numaral\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130 ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 \u00a0 \u00a0 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 C. \u00d6. BA\u015eVURUSU (Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2021\/22471) \u00a0 Karar Tarihi: 31\/10\/2024 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 \u00a0 Ba\u015fkan : Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN \u00dcyeler : Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN \u00a0 \u00a0 Muhterem \u0130NCE \u00a0 \u00a0 Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L Raport\u00f6r : Ekin \u00c7ANKAL Ba\u015fvurucu Vekili : Av. Hasan Can \u00d6ZKAN \u00a0 I. BA\u015eVURUNUN \u00d6ZET\u0130 1. Ba\u015fvuru, bir siyaset\u00e7iye y\u00f6nelik sosyal medya payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6sterilerek adli para cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lma nedeniyle ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. 2. \u00dclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda tan\u0131n\u0131r olmayan ba\u015fvurucu, sade bir vatanda\u015ft\u0131r. Facebook isimli sosyal payla\u015f\u0131m sitesinde ba\u015fvurucunun ad\u0131na kay\u0131tl\u0131 profil hesab\u0131ndan 10\/5\/2020 tarihinde M.G.nin foto\u011fraf\u0131 yan\u0131nda “TC’yi tabelaya s\u0131\u011fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131k… Hat\u0131rlad\u0131n\u0131z m\u0131 r\u00fc\u015fvet\u00e7i h\u0131rs\u0131z\u0131 \u015fimdi fel\u00e7li” \u015feklinde payla\u015f\u0131m yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Payla\u015f\u0131mda ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en M.G. \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda tan\u0131nan eski bir b\u00fcrokrat ve siyaset\u00e7idir. Uzun y\u0131llar kaymakaml\u0131k ve valilik yapan M.G. 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda i\u00e7i\u015fleri bakan\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rev alm\u0131\u015f, 2011-2015 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ise Ak Parti Mardin milletvekilli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hakk\u0131nda 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan yolsuzluk iddialar\u0131 \u00fczerine bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6revinden istifa etmi\u015f ve ilerleyen y\u0131llarda siyaset arenas\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir. 3. Hakk\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan yolsuzluk iddialar\u0131ndan y\u0131llar sonra ba\u015fvurucunun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131m nedeniyle M.G. (kat\u0131lan) ba\u015fvurucuyu kendisine hakaret etti\u011finden bahisle cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 istemiyle \u015fik\u00e2yet etmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu \u015fik\u00e2yet …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36218","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n