ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/83<\/p>\n
Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/227<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi : 25\/12\/2024<\/p>\n
R.G.Tarih-Say\u0131 : 18\/3\/2025-32845<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: Ankara 18. Aile Mahkemesi<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 22\/11\/2001 tarihli ve 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 161. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u201c\u2026her h\u00e2lde zina eyleminin \u00fczerinden be\u015f y\u0131l ge\u00e7mekle dava hakk\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer.\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 5., 10., 13., 20., 36. ve 40. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptaline karar verilmesi talebidir.<\/p>\n
OLAY: Bo\u015fanma davas\u0131nda itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN KANUN H\u00dcKM\u00dc<\/p>\n
Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu kural\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 161. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cI. Zina <\/p>\n
Madde 161- E\u015flerden biri zina ederse, di\u011fer e\u015f bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n
Davaya hakk\u0131 olan e\u015fin bo\u015fanma sebebini \u00f6\u011frenmesinden ba\u015flayarak alt\u0131 ay ve her h\u00e2lde zina eyleminin \u00fczerinden be\u015f y\u0131l ge\u00e7mekle dava hakk\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer. <\/p>\n
Affeden taraf\u0131n dava hakk\u0131 yoktur.\u201d<\/p>\n
II. \u0130LK \u0130NCELEME<\/p>\n
1. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Basri BA\u011eCI, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L ve \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR\u2019\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 9\/5\/2024 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikle s\u0131n\u0131rlama sorunu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
2. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 152. ile 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 40. maddelerine g\u00f6re bir davaya bakmakta olan mahkeme, o dava sebebiyle uygulanacak bir kanunun veya Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesinin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6rmesi h\u00e2linde veya taraflardan birinin ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k iddias\u0131n\u0131n ciddi oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varmas\u0131 durumunda bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin iptalleri i\u00e7in Anayasa Mahkemesine ba\u015fvurmaya yetkilidir. Ancak an\u0131lan maddeler uyar\u0131nca bir mahkemenin Anayasa Mahkemesine ba\u015fvurabilmesi i\u00e7in elinde y\u00f6ntemince a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve mahkemenin g\u00f6rev kapsam\u0131na giren bir davan\u0131n bulunmas\u0131, iptali talep edilen kural\u0131n da o davada uygulanacak olmas\u0131 gerekir. Uygulanacak kural ise bak\u0131lmakta olan davan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik evrelerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde veya davay\u0131 sonu\u00e7land\u0131rmada olumlu ya da olumsuz y\u00f6nde etki yapacak nitelikteki kurallard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 161. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda davaya hakk\u0131 olan e\u015fin, bo\u015fanma sebebini \u00f6\u011frenmesinden ba\u015flayarak alt\u0131 ay ve her h\u00e2lde zina eyleminin \u00fczerinden be\u015f y\u0131l ge\u00e7mekle dava hakk\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130tiraz yoluna ba\u015fvuran Mahkeme, an\u0131lan f\u0131kran\u0131n \u201c\u2026her h\u00e2lde zina eyleminin \u00fczerinden be\u015f y\u0131l ge\u00e7mekle dava hakk\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer.\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn iptalini talep etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
4. \u0130tiraz konusu kuralda yer alan \u201c\u2026ge\u00e7mekle dava hakk\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer.\u201d ibaresi \u201c\u2026her h\u00e2lde zina eyleminin \u00fczerinden be\u015f y\u0131l…\u201d ibaresinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra itiraz konusu olmayan \u201c\u2026bo\u015fanma sebebini \u00f6\u011frenmesinden ba\u015flayarak alt\u0131 ay\u2026\u201d ibaresi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da ge\u00e7erli, ortak kural niteli\u011findedir. Bu itibarla kural\u0131n esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin incelemenin kuralda yer alan \u201c\u2026her h\u00e2lde zina eyleminin \u00fczerinden be\u015f y\u0131l\u2026\u201d ibaresi ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
5. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenle 22\/11\/2001 tarihli ve 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 161. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u201c\u2026her h\u00e2lde zina eyleminin \u00fczerinden be\u015f y\u0131l ge\u00e7mekle dava hakk\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer.\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine, esasa ili\u015fkin incelemenin an\u0131lan b\u00f6l\u00fcmde yer alan \u201c\u2026her h\u00e2lde zina eyleminin \u00fczerinden be\u015f y\u0131l\u2026\u201d ibaresi ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131na OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. ESASIN \u0130NCELENMES\u0130<\/p>\n
6. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131 ve ekleri, Raport\u00f6r Elif \u00c7EL\u0130KDEM\u0130R ANKITCI taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan i\u015fin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin rapor, itiraz konusu kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc, dayan\u0131lan Anayasa kurallar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n gerek\u00e7eleri ile di\u011fer yasama belgeleri okunup incelendikten sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. Anlam ve Kapsam<\/p>\n
7. Konusunu evlilik d\u0131\u015f\u0131 cinsel ili\u015fkinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu zina, \u00f6\u011fretide de kabul edildi\u011fi \u00fczere evlilik ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n e\u015flere y\u00fckledi\u011fi cinsel ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ihlali olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir (AYM, E.1996\/15, K.1996\/34, 23\/9\/1996). 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 161. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda e\u015flerden birinin zina etmesi durumunda di\u011fer e\u015fin bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
8. An\u0131lan Kanun\u2019da bo\u015fanma nedenleri mutlak ve nispi olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re mutlak bo\u015fanma sebeplerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortaya konulmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde yarg\u0131 makamlar\u0131nca bo\u015fanmaya h\u00fckmedilir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n nispi bo\u015fanma sebeplerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na evlili\u011fin sona ermesi i\u00e7in yeterli g\u00f6r\u00fclmemekte, ayr\u0131ca ortak hayat\u0131n \u00e7ekilmez oldu\u011funun taraflarca ispatlanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Kanun\u2019a g\u00f6re mutlak bo\u015fanma nedenleri; zina, hayata kast, pek k\u00f6t\u00fc veya onur k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f, terk, anla\u015fmal\u0131 bo\u015fanma ve eylemli ayr\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
9. Zina eylemi, sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edilmesinin \u00f6zel bir bi\u00e7imi olarak mutlak bo\u015fanma nedenleri kapsam\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Buna g\u00f6re zina eyleminin ispatlanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015fkaca bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n bo\u015fanmaya karar verilecektir. Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle zinan\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortaya konulmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde h\u00e2kimin bo\u015fanma karar\u0131 vermeme y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir takdir yetkisi bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
10. An\u0131lan maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda zina sebebine dayal\u0131 olarak bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 a\u00e7ma s\u00fcreleri d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu f\u0131krada zinan\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenilmesinden itibaren alt\u0131 ay ve her h\u00e2lde zina eyleminden itibaren be\u015f y\u0131l i\u00e7inde bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde bu bo\u015fanma sebebine dayal\u0131 olarak dava a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. F\u0131krada yer alan \u201c\u2026her h\u00e2lde zina eyleminin \u00fczerinden be\u015f y\u0131l\u2026\u201d ibaresi itiraz konusu kural\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bu itibarla kurala g\u00f6re zina eyleminden itibaren be\u015f y\u0131l i\u00e7inde dava a\u00e7\u0131lmazsa bu sebebe dayan\u0131larak dava a\u00e7\u0131lamayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
11. An\u0131lan s\u00fcrenin hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc nitelikte olmas\u0131 sebebiyle taraflarca ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmese de bu s\u00fcre h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan resen g\u00f6zetilir. Tek eylemden ibaret olan zinada s\u00fcre, eylemin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesinden itibaren ba\u015flarken devam eden eylemlerden olu\u015fan zinada bu s\u00fcre son eylem tarihinden itibaren i\u015flemeye ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
B. \u0130tiraz\u0131n Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
12. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle; itiraz konusu kural\u0131n e\u015fin zinay\u0131 bilebilecek durumda olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen be\u015f y\u0131l ge\u00e7tikten sonra \u00f6\u011frenmesi h\u00e2linde zina nedeniyle bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 a\u00e7ma imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 engelledi\u011fi, kuralla e\u015fler aras\u0131ndaki e\u015fitli\u011fin zina yapan e\u015f lehine bozuldu\u011fu, zina eyleminin evlili\u011fin a\u011f\u0131r kusurlar\u0131ndan say\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle di\u011fer e\u015fe daha y\u00fcksek tazminat hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bu tazminat hakk\u0131n\u0131n be\u015f y\u0131lla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131, ki\u015finin be\u015f y\u0131l ge\u00e7tikten sonra haberdar oldu\u011fu zinaya dayanarak dava a\u00e7ma imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n etkili ba\u015fvuru hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etti\u011fi belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 5., 10., 13., 20., 36. ve 40. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
C. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
13. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n \u201c\u00d6zel hayat\u0131n gizlili\u011fi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 20. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cHerkes, \u00f6zel hayat\u0131na ve aile hayat\u0131na sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesini isteme hakk\u0131na sahiptir. \u00d6zel hayat\u0131n ve aile hayat\u0131n\u0131n gizlili\u011fine dokunulamaz.\u201d denilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
14. An\u0131lan maddenin gerek\u00e7esinde de belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere \u00f6zel hayata ve aile hayat\u0131na sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesini isteme hakk\u0131 bir y\u00f6n\u00fcyle \u00f6zel hayat\u0131n gizlili\u011finin korunmas\u0131n\u0131, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zleri \u00f6n\u00fcne serilmemesini, bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle ki\u015finin \u00f6zel hayat\u0131nda ya\u015fananlar\u0131n yaln\u0131z kendisi veya kendisinin bilmesini istedi\u011fi kimseler taraf\u0131ndan bilinmesini isteme hakk\u0131n\u0131 korurken di\u011fer y\u00f6n\u00fcyle resm\u00ee makamlar\u0131n \u00f6zel hayata m\u00fcdahale edememesi yani ki\u015finin ferd\u00ee ve aile hayat\u0131n\u0131 kendi anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi d\u00fczenleyip ya\u015fayabilmesi hakk\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.2020\/64, K.2020\/70, 12\/11\/2020, \u00a7 10; E.2022\/105, K.2023\/54, 22\/3\/2023, \u00a7 16; E.2023\/116, K.2024\/56, 22\/2\/2024, \u00a7 14).<\/p>\n
15. Anayasa Mahkemesinin bireysel ba\u015fvuru alan\u0131nda verdi\u011fi kararlarda s\u0131k\u00e7a vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere \u00f6zel hayat kavram\u0131 eksiksiz bir tan\u0131m\u0131 bulunmayan geni\u015f bir kavramd\u0131r. Bu kapsamda korunan hukuki de\u011fer esasen ki\u015fisel ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131kt\u0131r. \u00d6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde bireyin ki\u015fili\u011fini geli\u015ftirmesi ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesi kavram\u0131 temel al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. An\u0131lan hak; herkesin istenmeyen b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcdahalelerden uzak, kendine \u00f6zel bir ortamda ya\u015fama hakk\u0131na sahip oldu\u011funa i\u015faret etmekle birlikte ki\u015fili\u011fin serbest\u00e7e geli\u015ftirilmesiyle uyumlu bir\u00e7ok hukuki menfaati de i\u00e7ermektedir (Serap Tortuk [1. B.], B. No: 2013\/9660, 21\/1\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 31-36; B\u00fclent Polat [G.K.], B. No: 2013\/7666,10\/12\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 61-63; Tevfik T\u00fcrkmen [GK], B. No: 2013\/9704, 3\/3\/2016, \u00a7\u00a7 50-52; Ata T\u00fcrkeri [1. B.], B. No: 2013\/6057, 16\/12\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 30-32).<\/p>\n
16. Evlilik birli\u011finin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra sona erdirilmesi de \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesini isteme hakk\u0131yla do\u011frudan ilgilidir (AYM, E.2023\/116, K.2024\/56, 22\/2\/2024, \u00a7 17). Evlilik birli\u011fi e\u015fler aras\u0131nda sadakat esas\u0131na dayanmakta olup bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn e\u015flerden biri taraf\u0131ndan ihlal edilmesi h\u00e2linde di\u011fer e\u015fin bu birli\u011fi sona erdirmek istemesi \u00f6zel hayat\u0131n bir unsuru olan ki\u015fisel \u00f6zerkli\u011fin bir gere\u011fidir. Zinan\u0131n e\u015fler aras\u0131ndaki sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihlal eden bir davran\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bir kimsenin zina eden e\u015fle olan evlilik birli\u011fini ortadan kald\u0131rma imk\u00e2n\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131 \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda ona sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gereken g\u00fcvenceler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
17. Kural uyar\u0131nca zina sebebine dayanarak bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131 olan e\u015fin zina eyleminden itibaren be\u015f y\u0131l i\u00e7inde dava a\u00e7mas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
18. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 40. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cAnayasa ile tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f hak ve h\u00fcrriyetleri ihl\u00e2l edilen herkes, yetkili makama geciktirilmeden ba\u015fvurma imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 isteme hakk\u0131na sahiptir.\u201d denilmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan h\u00fckme g\u00f6re ki\u015filerin yarg\u0131 makamlar\u0131 ile idari makamlar \u00f6n\u00fcnde haklar\u0131n\u0131 arayabilmelerine kolayl\u0131k ve imk\u00e2n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 anayasal bir zorunluluktur. Bu zorunluluk, temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ihlal edilen ya da ihlal edildi\u011fini iddia eden ki\u015filerin ilgili yarg\u0131 veya idari merciler nezdinde \u015fik\u00e2yetlerini dile getirmesi hususunda devlete gerekli ve yeterli mekanizmalar\u0131 olu\u015fturarak uygun ko\u015fullar\u0131 sa\u011flama y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc getirmektedir (AYM, E.2019\/102, K.2019\/99, 25\/12\/2019, \u00a7 16).<\/p>\n
19. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan etkili ba\u015fvuru hakk\u0131, anayasal bir hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcren herkese hakk\u0131n niteli\u011fine uygun olarak iddialar\u0131n\u0131 inceletebilece\u011fi makul, eri\u015filebilir, etkili, ihlalin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini veya s\u00fcrmesini engellemeye ya da sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmaya elveri\u015fli idari ve yarg\u0131sal yollara ba\u015fvuruda bulunabilme imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 teminat alt\u0131na almaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.2019\/102, K.2019\/99, 25\/12\/2019, \u00a7 17).<\/p>\n
20. Bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 a\u00e7mak isteyen e\u015finin zina eylemini \u00f6\u011frenip \u00f6\u011frenmemesinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak be\u015f y\u0131l i\u00e7inde dava a\u00e7mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde bu sebebe dayal\u0131 olarak dava a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren kural, ki\u015finin \u00f6zel hayat\u0131na sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda bo\u015fanma hakk\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak etkili ba\u015fvuru hakk\u0131yla ilgilidir.<\/p>\n
21. Temel haklarla ilgili bir ba\u015fvuru yolu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fse etkili ba\u015fvuru hakk\u0131, bu yolun eri\u015filebilirli\u011fini de g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almaktad\u0131r. Bu itibarla dava a\u00e7ma ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan biri olan dava a\u00e7ma s\u00fcresi temel haklarla ilgili olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ba\u015fvuru yolunun eri\u015filebilirli\u011fi ile ilgilidir. Zina yapan e\u015fe kar\u015f\u0131 di\u011fer e\u015f, eylemi \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi tarihten itibaren alt\u0131 ay ve itiraz konusu kural gere\u011fince eylemin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesinden itibaren be\u015f y\u0131l i\u00e7inde dava a\u00e7mal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
22. E\u015flerin zina eylemini \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi tarihten itibaren alt\u0131 ay i\u00e7inde dava a\u00e7ma haklar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Evlilik birli\u011fini temelden sars\u0131c\u0131 niteli\u011fi bulunan bu a\u011f\u0131r kusurun di\u011fer e\u015f taraf\u0131ndan affedilmesi h\u00e2linde 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 161. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re art\u0131k bunun bo\u015fanma sebebi olarak ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kanun koyucu bu kusurun evlilik birli\u011finin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na dayanak al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131, aleyhine zina eylemi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen e\u015fin iradesine b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f olup bu iradeyi eylemin \u00f6\u011frenilmesinden itibaren alt\u0131 ay i\u00e7inde ortaya koymas\u0131n\u0131 beklemektedir.<\/p>\n
23. Zinan\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme tarihinden itibaren bu sebebe dayal\u0131 olarak bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in kuralla azami bir s\u00fcre \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Kurala g\u00f6re eylemin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesinden itibaren be\u015f y\u0131l ge\u00e7mekle zina sebebine dayal\u0131 olarak bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lamamaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece e\u015fe, di\u011fer e\u015fin zina eylemini \u00f6\u011frenmemesi veya \u00f6\u011frenebilecek durumda olmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde dahi be\u015f y\u0131l \u00f6nceki eyleme dayal\u0131 olarak dava a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu itibarla kuralla, kanun koyucunun kusurlu e\u015fin evlilik hayat\u0131 boyunca s\u00fcresiz bi\u00e7imde mutlak bir bo\u015fanma tehdidiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7meyi ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
24. Bu ba\u011flamda kuralla dava a\u00e7ma s\u00fcresinin zina eylemini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren e\u015f lehine be\u015f y\u0131lla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer e\u015f bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bo\u015fanma hakk\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00f6zel hayat\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak etkili ba\u015fvuru hakk\u0131na etkisi de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Aleyhine zina eylemi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen e\u015fin bu eylemi be\u015f y\u0131l i\u00e7inde \u00f6\u011frenmesiyle bu sebebe dayal\u0131 olarak bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
25. \u00d6te yandan be\u015f y\u0131l i\u00e7inde eylemin \u00f6\u011frenilmemesi h\u00e2linde bu sebeple bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lamamas\u0131, kusuru olmayan e\u015fin evlili\u011fin sonland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla yarg\u0131 mercilerine ba\u015fvuru yapamamas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furmamaktad\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle zina eyleminin \u00fczerinden be\u015f y\u0131l ge\u00e7tikten sonra zinay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenen e\u015fin an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen di\u011fer bo\u015fanma sebeplerine ve bu kapsamda evlilik birli\u011finin temelinden sars\u0131lmas\u0131 sebebine dayanarak bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 a\u00e7mas\u0131na, a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu davada e\u015finin be\u015f y\u0131l \u00f6nceki zina eylemini g\u00fcven sars\u0131c\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f olarak ileri s\u00fcrmesine engel bir d\u00fczenleme bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
26. Nitekim Kanun\u2019un 166. maddesinin birinci ve ikinci f\u0131kralar\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen evlilik birli\u011finin temelinden sars\u0131lmas\u0131na dayal\u0131 bo\u015fanma davalar\u0131, daha az kusurlu olan e\u015f taraf\u0131ndan herhangi bir s\u00fcreye tabi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n evlilik s\u00fcresi boyunca a\u00e7\u0131labilmektedir. Bu yarg\u0131lamada mahkeme, taraflar\u0131n kusurlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirerek bir sonuca varmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
27. Bir nispi bo\u015fanma sebebi olan evlilik birli\u011finin temelden sars\u0131lmas\u0131 sebebine dayal\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131lacak bo\u015fanma davas\u0131nda -bir mutlak bo\u015fanma sebebi olan zina sebebine dayal\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131lan bo\u015fanma davas\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 olarak- davac\u0131 ayr\u0131ca ortak hayat\u0131n \u00e7ekilmez h\u00e2le geldi\u011fini ispatlama y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc alt\u0131nda bulunsa da davac\u0131ya bu \u015fekilde bir ispat k\u00fclfeti y\u00fcklenmesi bo\u015fanma davas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fma \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ciddi bir bi\u00e7imde azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 da s\u00f6ylenemez. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla be\u015f y\u0131ldan \u00f6nce ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen zina eylemlerinin bir nispi bo\u015fanma sebebi olarak kabul edilmesi ve nispi bo\u015fanma sebebi olarak dava konusu edilebilmesi sadakatsizli\u011fe u\u011frayan e\u015fin evlilik birli\u011fini sonland\u0131r\u0131labilmesi hakk\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda ona sa\u011flanan yarg\u0131sal ba\u015fvuru imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 etkisiz k\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
28. Yine Kanun\u2019un 174. maddesinde bo\u015fanma nedeniyle manevi tazminat hakk\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan maddeye g\u00f6re bo\u015fanmaya sebep olan olaylar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden ki\u015filik hakk\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frayan taraf, kusurlu olan di\u011fer taraftan manevi tazminat talep edebilir. Zinay\u0131 be\u015f y\u0131l ge\u00e7tikten sonra \u00f6\u011frenen e\u015f, bu kusurlu davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle e\u015fi aleyhine bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilece\u011fi gibi a\u00e7\u0131lan davada bu sebeple tazminat talebinde de bulunabilecektir.<\/p>\n
29. Bu itibarla zina mutlak bo\u015fanma sebebine dayal\u0131 bo\u015fanma davalar\u0131n\u0131n azami s\u00fcreyle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren kural\u0131n, kusurlu olmayan e\u015fin evlili\u011fini sonland\u0131rabilmesine ili\u015fkin ba\u015fvuru yolunun eri\u015filebilirli\u011fini ve etkilili\u011fini zedelemedi\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
30. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 20. ve 40. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130tiraz\u0131n reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 5. ve 36. maddelerine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 20. ve 40. maddeleri kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 5. ve 36. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 10. ve 13. maddeleriyle ilgisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
IV. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
22\/11\/2001 tarihli ve 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 161. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u2026her h\u00e2lde zina eyleminin \u00fczerinden be\u015f y\u0131l\u2026\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve itiraz\u0131n REDD\u0130NE 25\/12\/2024 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verildi.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Metin KIRATLI<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 25\/12\/2024 tarihli, 2024\/83 esas – 2024\/227 karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI \u00a0 Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/83 Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/227 Karar Tarihi : 25\/12\/2024 R.G.Tarih-Say\u0131 : 18\/3\/2025-32845 \u00a0 \u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: Ankara 18. Aile Mahkemesi \u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 22\/11\/2001 tarihli ve 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 161. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u201c\u2026her h\u00e2lde zina eyleminin \u00fczerinden be\u015f y\u0131l ge\u00e7mekle dava hakk\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer.\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 5., 10., 13., 20., 36. ve 40. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptaline karar verilmesi talebidir. OLAY: Bo\u015fanma davas\u0131nda itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur. I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN KANUN H\u00dcKM\u00dc Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu kural\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 161. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u00a0\u201cI. Zina Madde 161- E\u015flerden biri zina ederse, di\u011fer e\u015f bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilir. Davaya hakk\u0131 olan e\u015fin bo\u015fanma sebebini \u00f6\u011frenmesinden ba\u015flayarak alt\u0131 ay ve her h\u00e2lde zina eyleminin \u00fczerinden be\u015f y\u0131l ge\u00e7mekle dava hakk\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer. Affeden taraf\u0131n dava hakk\u0131 yoktur.\u201d II. \u0130LK \u0130NCELEME 1. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Basri BA\u011eCI, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L ve \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR\u2019\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 9\/5\/2024 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikle s\u0131n\u0131rlama sorunu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 2. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 152. ile 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36156","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n