T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130<\/p>\n
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B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
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KARAR<\/p>\n
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CEM\u0130LE DO\u011eAN VE D\u0130\u011eERLER\u0130 BA\u015eVURUSU<\/p>\n
(Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2022\/20577)<\/p>\n
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Karar Tarihi: 19\/11\/2024<\/p>\n
B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
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KARAR<\/p>\n
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Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcyeler<\/p>\n
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Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
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Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
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\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
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Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
Raport\u00f6r<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Leyla Nur ODUNCU<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucular<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Cemile DO\u011eAN ve di\u011ferleri [bkz. ekli listenin (B) s\u00fctunu]<\/p>\n
Vekilleri<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
bkz. ekli listenin (C) s\u00fctunu<\/p>\n
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I. BA\u015eVURUNUN \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvuru, karar\u0131n sonucunu de\u011fi\u015ftirebilecek nitelikteki esasl\u0131 iddialar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmamas\u0131 nedeniyle gerek\u00e7eli karar hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n Fetullah\u00e7\u0131 Ter\u00f6r \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\/Paralel Devlet Yap\u0131lanmas\u0131na (FET\u00d6\/PDY) \u00fcyeli\u011fi, bilerek ve isteyerek yard\u0131m etme su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fledikleri sonucuna var\u0131larak mahk\u00fbmiyetlerine karar verilmi\u015ftir. Gerek\u00e7eli kararlarda bilirki\u015fi incelemesi yapt\u0131r\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n, mahk\u00fbmiyete temel olarak tek veya belirleyici delil \u015feklinde Bank Asya verilerine dayan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n bankac\u0131l\u0131k i\u015flemlerindeki ama\u00e7lar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ula\u015f\u0131lan sonu\u00e7ta dernek ve sendika \u00fcyelikleri, tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131 da de\u011ferlendirmeye al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. Kararlar\u0131n gerek\u00e7elerinde ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fct talimat\u0131 sonras\u0131nda hesap a\u00e7t\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131, yeni a\u00e7t\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 ya da mevcut olan hesaplara para yat\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131, d\u00f6viz al\u0131m sat\u0131m i\u015flemleri yapt\u0131klar\u0131, kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcnde kararnameler ile kapat\u0131lan i\u015fyerlerinden harcama yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n kredi kart\u0131 ekstrelerinden tespit edildi\u011fi hususlar\u0131na yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
4. Ba\u015fvurucular hakk\u0131ndaki h\u00fck\u00fcmler, istinaf ve temyiz a\u015famas\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erek kesinle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
5. Ba\u015fvurular s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
6. Ekli listenin (A) s\u00fctununda g\u00f6sterilen dosyalar, konu y\u00f6n\u00fcnden hukuki irtibat bulunmas\u0131 nedeniyle 2022\/20577 numaral\u0131 bireysel ba\u015fvuru dosyas\u0131 ile birle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve inceleme 2022\/20577 numaral\u0131 bireysel ba\u015fvuru dosyas\u0131 \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik ve esas incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
II. DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RME <\/p>\n
7. Ekli listenin (E) s\u00fctununda adli yard\u0131m talebinde bulundu\u011fu belirtilen ve \u00f6deme g\u00fcc\u00fcnden yoksun oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n adli yard\u0131m taleplerinin kabul\u00fcne karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
A. Gerek\u00e7eli Karar Hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130hlal Edildi\u011fine \u0130li\u015fkin \u0130ddia <\/p>\n
8. Ba\u015fvurucular; dernek ve sendikaya \u00fcye olmalar\u0131n\u0131n sempati ve iltisak boyutunu a\u015f\u0131p a\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunun gerek\u00e7ede tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmadan \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olma ya da \u00f6rg\u00fcte yard\u0131m etme su\u00e7unun delili olarak kabul edildi\u011fini, alan\u0131nda uzman ki\u015filere Bank Asyadaki mutat hesap hareketleri \u00fczerinde bilirki\u015fi incelemesi yapt\u0131r\u0131lmadan cezaland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131nda bu konularda yeterli a\u00e7\u0131klamalara yer verilmedi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
9. Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Bakanl\u0131k) g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde, ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n iddialar\u0131n\u0131n esas itibar\u0131yla derece mahkemelerince verilen kararlarda delillerin de\u011ferlendirilmesinde isabet olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla karar\u0131n sonucuna ili\u015fkin oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca mevcut ba\u015fvurularda yarg\u0131lama makamlar\u0131n\u0131n dosya kapsam\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm delilleri de\u011ferlendirerek bir sonuca vard\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u00f6z konusu hesap hareketleri ve bankac\u0131l\u0131k i\u015flemlerinin ola\u011fan i\u015flemler olmay\u0131p \u00f6rg\u00fct liderinin talimat\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00f6rg\u00fctsel motivasyonla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi tespitinden hareketle yarg\u0131lama makamlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n eylemlerinin hukuki nitelendirmesinde ula\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 sonucun i\u00e7tihatlarla uyumlu oldu\u011fu, kararlar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a temelden yoksun ve keyf\u00ee olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
10. Ba\u015fvurucular, Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 beyanlar\u0131nda ba\u015fvuru formlar\u0131nda yer alan iddialar\u0131n\u0131 tekrar etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
11. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kabul edilemezli\u011fine karar verilmesini gerektirecek ba\u015fka bir neden de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan gerek\u00e7eli karar hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
12. Anayasa Mahkemesi, \u00f6n\u00fcne gelen bir\u00e7ok ba\u015fvuruda gerek\u00e7eli karar hakk\u0131n\u0131n kapsam ve i\u00e7eri\u011fini belirlemi\u015ftir. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u00f6zellikle a\u00e7\u0131k ve somut bir bi\u00e7imde \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclen iddia ve savunmalar\u0131n davan\u0131n sonucuna etkili, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle davan\u0131n sonucunu de\u011fi\u015ftirebilecek nitelikte olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde davayla do\u011frudan ilgili olan bu hususlara mahkemelerce makul bir gerek\u00e7e ile yan\u0131t verilmesi gerekti\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir (Muhittin Kaya ve Muhittin Kaya \u0130n\u015faat Taahh\u00fct Madencilik G\u0131da Turizm Pazarlama Sanayi ve Ticaret Ltd. \u015eti., B. No: 2013\/1213, 4\/12\/2013, \u00a7\u00a7 25, 26; Yasemin Ek\u015fi, B. No: 2013\/5486, 4\/12\/2013, \u00a7\u00a7 56, 57; Vesim Parlak, B. No: 2012\/1034, 20\/3\/2014, \u00a7\u00a7 33, 34; Sencer Ba\u015fat ve di\u011ferleri [GK], B. No: 2013\/7800, 18\/6\/2014, \u00a7\u00a7 31-39; M\u00fcn\u00fcr Ata, B. No: 2014\/4958, 22\/1\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 37-43; Hikmet \u00c7elik ve di\u011ferleri, B. No: 2013\/4894, 15\/12\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 54-59; \u015eah Tar\u0131m \u0130n\u015f. Tur. Ltd. \u015eti., B. No: 2013\/7847, 9\/3\/2016, \u00a7\u00a7 36-48).<\/p>\n
13. Anayasa Mahkemesi, Bank Asya verilerinin mahk\u00fbmiyette belirleyici delil olarak kabul edildi\u011fi bir yarg\u0131laman\u0131n \u015fik\u00e2yet konusu yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fvuruda ba\u015fvurucunun mutat hesap hareketlerine dayan\u0131larak ceza verildi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki savunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131nda yeterli a\u00e7\u0131klamalara yer verilmemesini gerek\u00e7eli karar hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir (G\u00fcrcan Bal\u0131k, B. No: 2020\/16435, 17\/11\/2022).<\/p>\n
14. Bu ba\u011flamda Anayasa Mahkemesi G\u00fcrcan Bal\u0131k karar\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucunun Bank Asyadaki mevduat\u0131na ili\u015fkin ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iddias\u0131n\u0131n karar sonucunu de\u011fi\u015ftirebilecek nitelikte esasl\u0131 bir iddia oldu\u011fu h\u00e2lde bunun gerek\u00e7ede kar\u015f\u0131lanmamas\u0131 nedeniyle gerek\u00e7eli karar hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (ayn\u0131 kararda bkz. \u00a7\u00a7 68-72). Anayasa Mahkemesi an\u0131lan karar\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikle ilgili Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7tihad\u0131na at\u0131f yapmak suretiyle bahse konu Bankada parasal bir i\u015flem yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n kategorik olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctsel faaliyet kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmedi\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. Nitekim Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131nda 22\/7\/2016 tarihinde faaliyet izni kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131ncaya kadar faaliyetlerine devam eden ve FET\u00d6\/PDY ile iltisakl\u0131 olan Bank Asyadaki mutat hesap hareketlerinin \u00f6rg\u00fctsel faaliyet kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilemeyece\u011fi kabul edilmektedir. Ancak Yarg\u0131tay mutat i\u015flemlerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan, \u00f6rg\u00fct liderinin talimat\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn amac\u0131na hizmet eden ve Bankan\u0131n yarar\u0131na yap\u0131lan \u00f6deme ve sair i\u015flemleri su\u00e7 delili olarak kabul etmektedir (G\u00fcrcan Bal\u0131k, \u00a7\u00a7 39-47). Bununla birlikte ki\u015finin \u00f6rg\u00fct liderinin talimat\u0131 ile i\u015flem yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ku\u015fkuya yer b\u0131rakmayacak bi\u00e7imde tespiti bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Bank Asya nezdinde 2014 y\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6ncesi de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere hesap a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f bilgileri, ayl\u0131k bakiye geli\u015fimi ve t\u00fcm hesap hareketlerine ili\u015fkin kay\u0131tlar\u0131n dosyaya celbedilip incelenmesi, temin edilen kay\u0131tlar \u00fczerinde uzman bilirki\u015fi raporu al\u0131n\u0131p \u00f6rg\u00fct liderinin talimat\u0131ndan sonra ve bu talimat do\u011frultusunda kat\u0131l\u0131m hesab\u0131 a\u00e7ma, d\u00f6viz veya alt\u0131n alma, para yat\u0131rma vb. i\u015flemlerinin bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespit edilmesi gerekir (Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. Raziye Ak\u00e7ay, B. No: 2019\/1665, 28\/6\/2022, \u00a7\u00a7 24, 27; Serkan G\u00f6lge, B. No: 2019\/22453, 13\/9\/2022, \u00a7\u00a7 30-39; Hakan Dar\u0131c\u0131 ve di\u011ferleri, B. No: 2021\/34045, 20\/7\/2023, \u00a7\u00a7 13-21).<\/p>\n
15. Somut ba\u015fvuruda derece mahkemeleri gerek\u00e7eli kararlar\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00fcyeli\u011fi ya da ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne bilerek ve isteyerek yard\u0131m etme su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan mahk\u00fbm olmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. Bu kararlara g\u00f6re ba\u015fvurucular hakk\u0131ndaki Bank Asya hesap hareketleri onlar\u0131n FET\u00d6\/PDY liderinin ve y\u00f6neticilerinin talimat\u0131 do\u011frultusunda hareket etti\u011fini, ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n FET\u00d6\/PDY ile irtibatl\u0131 oldu\u011funun de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi dernek ve sendikalara \u00fcye olma eyleminin \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn ideolojisini benimsediklerini g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi, b\u00f6ylece \u00f6rg\u00fctsel saikle bankac\u0131l\u0131k i\u015flemleri yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n
16. Mahkemenin karar\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde h\u00fckme esas ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 delillerin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunda herhangi bir de\u011ferlendirmede bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bununla birlikte Yarg\u0131tay uygulamas\u0131na g\u00f6re ki\u015filerin \u00f6rg\u00fcte ba\u011fl\u0131 dernek ve sendika \u00fcyesi olma \u015feklindeki eylemlerinin sempati ve iltisak boyutunu a\u015fan, \u00f6rg\u00fcte yard\u0131m etme kast\u0131yla hareket edildi\u011fini ispat eden faaliyetler kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Yarg\u0131tay 3. Ceza Dairesinin 30\/6\/2022 tarihli ve E.2021\/13507, K.2022\/4206 say\u0131l\u0131, 29\/9\/2022 tarihli ve E.2021\/21414, K.2022\/5210 say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131). Buna g\u00f6re ba\u015fvurucunun Bank Asya hesap hareketlili\u011fine ili\u015fkin delilin mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcren tek olmasa da belirleyici nitelikte delil oldu\u011funun kabul edilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
17. Ba\u015fvurucular; derece mahkemelerindeki savunmalar\u0131nda hesap hareketlerinin kredi kart\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde hediye edilen alt\u0131nlar\u0131 hesaba para\/alt\u0131n olarak yat\u0131rma, para \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alma ya da vermeden kaynaklanan rutin bankac\u0131l\u0131k i\u015flemleri oldu\u011funu, h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k yap\u0131lmas\u0131 endi\u015fesi nedeniyle alt\u0131n ve paralar\u0131n\u0131 konutlar\u0131nda de\u011fil Bankada tuttuklar\u0131n\u0131, ara\u00e7\/konut sat\u0131n alma amac\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri hesap hareketleri oldu\u011funu, bu durumun sicil kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndan ya da bu konularda sunduklar\u0131 delillerden de anla\u015f\u0131labilece\u011fini, kredi ba\u015fvurusunda bulunmalar\u0131 nedeniyle hesap a\u00e7ma i\u015flemi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdiklerini, kredi s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin kritik tarihten \u00e7ok \u00f6ncesinde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6demelerinin kredi taksitlerine ili\u015fkin oldu\u011funu beyan etmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucular ayr\u0131ca konut kredisi finansman oran\u0131n\u0131n miktar\u0131, faizsiz bankac\u0131l\u0131k yapan bir banka olmas\u0131, indirim ve taksit imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 nedeniyle Bank Asyay\u0131 tercih ettiklerini, ihracat yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, hesap hareketlerinin hesaplar\u0131na aktar\u0131lan ihracat bedelleri oldu\u011funu, di\u011fer bankalarla da i\u015flemler yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Bunlara ek olarak ba\u015fvurucular; \u00f6rg\u00fct liderinin talimat tarihi \u00f6ncesinde de bu Bankada hesap hareketleri oldu\u011funu, Bankan\u0131n fona devri sonras\u0131nda da bankac\u0131l\u0131k i\u015flemlerine devam ettiklerini, bireysel emeklilik hesaplar\u0131 oldu\u011funu, kritik tarihten \u00e7ok \u00f6nce Banka ile i\u015flem yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, uzun zamand\u0131r Bank Asyadaki hesaplar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, bu nedenle para hareketlerinden haberdar olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, hesap hareketini kendilerinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmedi\u011fini, Banka hakk\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan haberler akabinde kamuda olu\u015fan alg\u0131 sonras\u0131nda yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 geri \u00e7ektiklerini, hesaplar\u0131n\u0131 kapatt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmi\u015ftir. Dernek ve sendika \u00fcyeli\u011fi bulundu\u011fu belirtilen ba\u015fvurucular ise \u00fcye olma eylemleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u00f6rg\u00fcte yard\u0131m amac\u0131yla hareket etmediklerini savunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
18. Ba\u015fvurulara konu gerek\u00e7eli kararlarda 2014 y\u0131l\u0131 ve sonras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir k\u0131s\u0131m hesap hareketine de\u011finilmi\u015f ancak ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n Bank Asyadaki hesab\u0131n\u0131n hangi tarihte a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na, bu hesaba ili\u015fkin bankac\u0131l\u0131k i\u015flemlerinin FET\u00d6\/PDY liderinin ve y\u00f6neticilerinin Bank Asyaya destek olunmas\u0131 \u015feklindeki talimat\u0131 \u00f6ncesindeki niteli\u011fi ve hacmine, bu talimattan sonra an\u0131lan hesab\u0131n ne \u015fekilde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na, aktif kullan\u0131m olarak kabul edilen i\u015flemlerin hacminin ne oldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin herhangi bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir ifadeyle s\u00f6z konusu bankac\u0131l\u0131k i\u015flemlerinin neden mutat olarak kabul edilemeyece\u011fine ili\u015fkin yeterli bir de\u011ferlendirmeye yer verilmemi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fct liderinin ve y\u00f6neticilerinin Bank Asyaya destek olunmas\u0131 \u015feklindeki talimat\u0131 sonras\u0131ndaki bankac\u0131l\u0131k i\u015flemlerinin bu talimattan \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemle uyumlu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya ola\u011fan d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir hesap hareketlili\u011fi niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fu ortaya konulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dahas\u0131 ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n Bank Asya nezdindeki 2014 y\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6ncesi de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere hesap a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f bilgileri, ayl\u0131k bakiye geli\u015fimi ve hesab\u0131n ilk a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren t\u00fcm hesap hareketlerine ili\u015fkin olarak alan\u0131nda uzman bilirki\u015fi marifeti ile bir inceleme de yapt\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131na g\u00f6re ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n konumlar\u0131 ve ki\u015fisel \u00f6zellikleri nazara al\u0131narak FET\u00d6\/PDY’le irtibatl\u0131 oldu\u011fu kabul edilen dernek ve sendikaya \u00fcye olma eylemlerinin anayasal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ve \u00f6rg\u00fctsel faaliyet veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte yard\u0131m kast\u0131yla hareket edilip edilmedi\u011fini ortaya koyan de\u011ferlendirmelerin yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Mahk\u00fbmiyet gerek\u00e7elerinde \u00f6rg\u00fct liderinin talimat\u0131 \u00fczerine mevduat hesab\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f\u0131na gidildi\u011fi veya mutat hesap hareketleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir i\u015flemle bankaya likidite sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da iltisakl\u0131 dernek veya sendikaya \u00fcye olundu\u011fu gibi soyut ve genel ifadelerle dile getirilmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla kurulmu\u015f \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn amac\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesine katk\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in hareket etmediklerine, s\u00f6z konusu i\u015flemlerin rutin bankac\u0131l\u0131k i\u015flemleri ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131ndaki yasal faaliyetler oldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin karar\u0131n sonucunu de\u011fi\u015ftirebilecek nitelikteki iddialar\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7ede kar\u015f\u0131lanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
19. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 36. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki gerek\u00e7eli karar hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
B. Makul S\u00fcrede Yarg\u0131lanma Hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130hlal Edildi\u011fine \u0130li\u015fkin \u0130ddia<\/p>\n
20. Ekli listenin (G) s\u00fctununda belirtilen ba\u015fvurucular, yarg\u0131land\u0131klar\u0131 ceza davalar\u0131n\u0131n uzun zamand\u0131r devam etmesi nedeniyle makul s\u00fcrede yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
21. Anayasa Mahkemesi, olay ve olgular\u0131 somut ba\u015fvurular ile benzer nitelikte olan Veysi Ado ([GK] B. No: 2022\/100837, 27\/4\/2023) karar\u0131nda uygulanacak anayasal ilkeleri belirlemi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede Anayasa Mahkemesi 9\/1\/2013 tarihli ve 6384 say\u0131l\u0131 Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesine Yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Baz\u0131 Ba\u015fvurular\u0131n Tazminat \u00d6denmek Suretiyle \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne Dair Kanun’un ge\u00e7ici 2. maddesinde 28\/3\/2023 tarihli ve 7445 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 40. maddesi ile yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe g\u00f6re 9\/3\/2023 tarihi (bu tarih d\u00e2hil) itibar\u0131yla derdest olan, yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131n makul s\u00fcrede sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddialar\u0131yla yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvurulara ili\u015fkin olarak Tazminat Komisyonuna ba\u015fvuru yolu t\u00fcketilmeden yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvurunun incelenmesinin bireysel ba\u015fvurunun ikincil niteli\u011fi ile ba\u011fda\u015fmayaca\u011f\u0131 neticesine varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Somut ba\u015fvuruda, an\u0131lan kararda a\u00e7\u0131klanan ilkelerden ve ula\u015f\u0131lan sonu\u00e7tan ayr\u0131lmay\u0131 gerektiren bir durum bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
22. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle makul s\u00fcrede yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddia y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ba\u015fvurunun di\u011fer kabul edilebilirlik nedenleri incelenmeksizin ba\u015fvuru yollar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketilmemesi nedeniyle kabul edilemez oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
C. Ki\u015fi H\u00fcrriyeti ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130hlal Edildi\u011fine \u0130li\u015fkin \u0130ddia<\/p>\n
23. Ekli listenin (H) s\u00fctununda belirtilen ba\u015fvurucular su\u00e7 isnad\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 tutman\u0131n, ekli listenin (I) s\u00fctununda belirtilen ba\u015fvurucular mahk\u00fbmiyete ba\u011fl\u0131 tutman\u0131n hukuka uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
24. Anayasa Mahkemesi, bir su\u00e7 isnad\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak tutuklulukla ilgili \u015fik\u00e2yetleri i\u00e7eren bireysel ba\u015fvurularda, ilk derece mahkemesinin nihai karar\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi tarihten itibaren otuz g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle s\u00fcre a\u015f\u0131m\u0131 oldu\u011fu sonucuna varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Mehmet Emin K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, B. No: 2013\/5267, 7\/3\/2014, \u00a7\u00a7 19-32; Mehmet \u015eim\u015fek, B. No: 2018\/10953, 22\/7\/2020, \u00a7\u00a7 47-70). \u00c7.\u00d6. ([GK], B. No: 2014\/5927, 19\/7\/2018) karar\u0131nda ise mahk\u00fbmiyete ba\u011fl\u0131 tutman\u0131n hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu, kanun yolu a\u015famas\u0131nda tahliye taleplerinin veya resen tutukluluk incelemelerinin yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 gibi bir mahk\u00fbmiyete ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak tutuklulukla ilgili \u015fik\u00e2yetlerin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmas\u0131 nedeniyle kabul edilemez oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir (\u00c7.\u00d6., \u00a7\u00a7 27-53). Benzer \u015fik\u00e2yetler i\u00e7eren somut ba\u015fvuruda an\u0131lan kararlardan ayr\u0131lmay\u0131 gerektiren bir y\u00f6n bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
25. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle ba\u015fvurunun bu k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcre a\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmas\u0131 nedenleriyle kabul edilemez oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
D. Di\u011fer \u0130hlal \u0130ddialar\u0131<\/p>\n
26. Ba\u015fvuruda gerek\u00e7eli karar hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verildi\u011finden ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n di\u011fer \u015fik\u00e2yetleri hakk\u0131nda kabul edilebilirlik ve esas y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. G\u0130DER\u0130M <\/p>\n
27. Ba\u015fvurucular ihlalin tespiti, yarg\u0131laman\u0131n yenilenmesi, maddi ve manevi tazminat taleplerinde bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
28. Ba\u015fvuruda tespit edilen hak ihlalinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda hukuki yarar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda karar\u0131n g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi yarg\u0131 mercilerince yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken i\u015f, yeniden yarg\u0131lama i\u015flemlerini ba\u015flatmak ve Anayasa Mahkemesini ihlal sonucuna ula\u015ft\u0131ran nedenleri gideren, ihlal karar\u0131nda belirtilen ilkelere uygun yeni bir karar vermektir (Mehmet Do\u011fan [GK], B. No: 2014\/8875, 7\/6\/2018, \u00a7\u00a7 54-60; Alig\u00fcl Alkaya ve di\u011ferleri (2), B. No: 2016\/12506, 7\/11\/2019, \u00a7\u00a7 53-60, 66; Kadri Enis Berbero\u011flu (3) [GK], B. No: 2020\/32949, 21\/1\/2021, \u00a7\u00a7 93-100).<\/p>\n
29. Ba\u015fvurucular, maddi zarara ili\u015fkin olarak bilgi\/belge sunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan maddi tazminat talebinin, ihlalin ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yeterli giderim sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan da manevi tazminat talebinin reddine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
IV. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle;<\/p>\n
A. Kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k belgelerde kimliklerinin gizlenmesi talebinde bulunan ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n kimliklerinin gizli tutulmas\u0131 taleplerinin KABUL\u00dcNE,<\/p>\n
B. Adli yard\u0131m talebinde bulunan ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n adli yard\u0131m taleplerinin KABUL\u00dcNE,<\/p>\n
C. 1. Gerek\u00e7eli karar hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n KABUL ED\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R OLDU\u011eUNA,<\/p>\n
2. Makul s\u00fcrede yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n ba\u015fvuru yollar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketilmemesi nedeniyle KABUL ED\u0130LEMEZ OLDU\u011eUNA,<\/p>\n
3. Ki\u015fi h\u00fcrriyeti ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n s\u00fcre a\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmas\u0131 nedeniyle KABUL ED\u0130LEMEZ OLDU\u011eUNA,<\/p>\n
4. Di\u011fer ihlal iddialar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130NCELENMES\u0130NE GEREK OLMADI\u011eINA,<\/p>\n
D. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 36. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki gerek\u00e7eli karar hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130HLAL ED\u0130LD\u0130\u011e\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
E. Ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n de\u011ferlendirme konusu yap\u0131lmayan di\u011fer ihlal iddialar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130NCELENMES\u0130NE GEREK BULUNMADI\u011eINA,<\/p>\n
F. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin gerek\u00e7eli karar hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlalinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmak \u00fczere ekli listenin (D) s\u00fctununda belirtilen mahkemelere G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
G. Ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n tazminat taleplerinin REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
H. Vekille temsil edilen ba\u015fvuruculara ekli listenin (F) s\u00fctununda belirtilen vek\u00e2let \u00fccretleri ile ekli listenin (E) s\u00fctununda belirtilen har\u00e7lar\u0131n bu tabloda g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi \u015fekilde \u00d6DENMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
\u0130. \u00d6demelerin karar\u0131n tebli\u011fini takiben ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n Hazine ve Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015fvuru tarihinden itibaren d\u00f6rt ay i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lmas\u0131na, \u00f6demede gecikme olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde bu s\u00fcrenin sona erdi\u011fi tarihten \u00f6deme tarihine kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre i\u00e7in yasal FA\u0130Z UYGULANMASINA,<\/p>\n
J. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE 19\/11\/2024 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verildi.<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 19\/11\/2024 tarihli ve 2022\/20577 ba\u015fvuru numaral\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130 ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 \u00a0 \u00a0 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 CEM\u0130LE DO\u011eAN VE D\u0130\u011eERLER\u0130 BA\u015eVURUSU (Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2022\/20577) \u00a0 Karar Tarihi: 19\/11\/2024 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 \u00a0 Ba\u015fkan : Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN \u00dcyeler : Recai AKYEL \u00a0 \u00a0 Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN \u00a0 \u00a0 Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L Raport\u00f6r : Leyla Nur ODUNCU Ba\u015fvurucular : Cemile DO\u011eAN ve di\u011ferleri [bkz. ekli listenin (B) s\u00fctunu] Vekilleri : bkz. ekli listenin (C) s\u00fctunu \u00a0 I. BA\u015eVURUNUN \u00d6ZET\u0130 1. Ba\u015fvuru, karar\u0131n sonucunu de\u011fi\u015ftirebilecek nitelikteki esasl\u0131 iddialar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmamas\u0131 nedeniyle gerek\u00e7eli karar hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. 2. Ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n Fetullah\u00e7\u0131 Ter\u00f6r \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\/Paralel Devlet Yap\u0131lanmas\u0131na (FET\u00d6\/PDY) \u00fcyeli\u011fi, bilerek ve isteyerek yard\u0131m etme su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fledikleri sonucuna var\u0131larak mahk\u00fbmiyetlerine karar verilmi\u015ftir. Gerek\u00e7eli kararlarda bilirki\u015fi incelemesi yapt\u0131r\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n, mahk\u00fbmiyete temel olarak tek veya belirleyici delil \u015feklinde Bank Asya verilerine dayan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n bankac\u0131l\u0131k i\u015flemlerindeki ama\u00e7lar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ula\u015f\u0131lan sonu\u00e7ta dernek ve sendika \u00fcyelikleri, tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131 da de\u011ferlendirmeye al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 3. Kararlar\u0131n gerek\u00e7elerinde ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fct talimat\u0131 sonras\u0131nda hesap a\u00e7t\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131, yeni a\u00e7t\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 ya da mevcut olan hesaplara para yat\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131, d\u00f6viz al\u0131m sat\u0131m i\u015flemleri yapt\u0131klar\u0131, kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcnde kararnameler ile kapat\u0131lan i\u015fyerlerinden harcama yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n kredi kart\u0131 ekstrelerinden tespit edildi\u011fi hususlar\u0131na yer verilmi\u015ftir. 4. Ba\u015fvurucular hakk\u0131ndaki h\u00fck\u00fcmler, istinaf ve temyiz a\u015famas\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erek kesinle\u015fmi\u015ftir. …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34991","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n