ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/132<\/p>\n
Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/237<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi : 25\/12\/2024<\/p>\n
R.G. Tarih \u2013 Say\u0131 : 26\/2\/2025 – 32825<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: Adana 20. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 4\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019nun 272. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n 31\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6217 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 23. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen (a) bendinin iptaline karar verilmesi talebidir.<\/p>\n
OLAY: E\u015fe kar\u015f\u0131 kasten yaralama su\u00e7undan a\u00e7\u0131lan davada itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN VE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 G\u00d6R\u00dcLEN KANUN H\u00dcK\u00dcMLER\u0130 <\/p>\n
A. \u0130ptali \u0130stenen Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fc <\/p>\n
Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu kural\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 272. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201c\u0130stinaf<\/p>\n
Madde 272 \u2013 (1) \u0130lk derece mahkemelerinden verilen h\u00fck\u00fcmlere kar\u015f\u0131 istinaf yoluna ba\u015fvurulabilir. Ancak, onbe\u015f y\u0131l ve daha fazla hapis cezalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler, b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemesince re’sen incelenir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(2) H\u00fck\u00fcmden \u00f6nce verilip h\u00fckme esas te\u015fkil eden veya ba\u015fkaca kanun yolu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f olan mahkeme kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 da h\u00fck\u00fcmle birlikte istinaf yoluna ba\u015fvurulabilir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(3) Ancak;<\/p>\n
a) (De\u011fi\u015fik: 31\/3\/2011-6217\/23 md.) Hapis cezas\u0131ndan \u00e7evrilen adl\u00ee para cezalar\u0131 hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere, sonu\u00e7 olarak belirlenen onbe\u015fbin T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131 d\u00e2hil adl\u00ee para cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbmiyet h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine,<\/p>\n
b) \u00dcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 be\u015fy\u00fcz g\u00fcn\u00fc ge\u00e7meyen adl\u00ee para cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7lardan beraat h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine,<\/p>\n
c) Kanunlarda kesin oldu\u011fu yaz\u0131l\u0131 bulunan h\u00fck\u00fcmlere,<\/p>\n
Kar\u015f\u0131 istinaf yoluna ba\u015fvurulamaz. (Ek c\u00fcmle:14\/4\/2020-7242\/17 md.) Bu suretle verilen h\u00fck\u00fcmler tekerr\u00fcre esas olmaz.\u201d<\/p>\n
B. \u0130lgili G\u00f6r\u00fclen Kanun H\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/p>\n
26\/9\/2004 tarihli ve 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun 52. maddesinin (1) ve (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201c(1) Adl\u00ee para cezas\u0131, be\u015f g\u00fcnden az ve kanunda aksine h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmayan hallerde yediy\u00fczotuz g\u00fcnden fazla olmamak \u00fczere belirlenen tam g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, bir g\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak takdir edilen miktar ile \u00e7arp\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle hesaplanan mebla\u011f\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan Devlet Hazinesine \u00f6denmesinden ibarettir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(2) En az y\u00fcz ve en fazla be\u015fy\u00fcz T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131 olan bir g\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 adl\u00ee para cezas\u0131n\u0131n miktar\u0131, ki\u015finin ekonomik ve di\u011fer \u015fahsi halleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak takdir edilir.\u201d<\/p>\n
II. \u0130LK \u0130NCELEME<\/p>\n
1. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Basri BA\u011eCI, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR, Muhterem \u0130NCE, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L ve \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR\u2019\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 23\/7\/2024 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikle uygulanacak kural sorunu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
2. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 152. ile 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 40. maddelerine g\u00f6re bir davaya bakmakta olan mahkeme, bu dava sebebiyle uygulanacak bir kanunun veya Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesinin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6rmesi h\u00e2linde veya taraflardan birinin ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k iddias\u0131n\u0131n ciddi oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varmas\u0131 durumunda bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin iptalleri i\u00e7in Anayasa Mahkemesine ba\u015fvurmaya yetkilidir. Ancak an\u0131lan maddeler uyar\u0131nca bir mahkemenin Anayasa Mahkemesine ba\u015fvurabilmesi i\u00e7in elinde y\u00f6ntemince a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve mahkemenin g\u00f6rev alan\u0131na giren bir davan\u0131n bulunmas\u0131, iptali talep edilen kural\u0131n da o davada uygulanacak olmas\u0131 gerekir. Uygulanacak kural ise bak\u0131lmakta olan davan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik evrelerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde veya davay\u0131 sonu\u00e7land\u0131rmada olumlu ya da olumsuz y\u00f6nde etki yapacak nitelikte bulunan kurallard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. \u0130tiraz yoluna ba\u015fvuran Mahkeme 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 272. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinin iptalini talep etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
4. Bak\u0131lmakta olan davan\u0131n konusu e\u015fe kar\u015f\u0131 kasten basit yaralama su\u00e7una ili\u015fkindir. Kasten basit yaralama su\u00e7unun d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi 26\/9\/2004 tarihli ve 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun 86. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda an\u0131lan su\u00e7 i\u00e7in se\u00e7imlik olarak hapis veya adli para cezas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. An\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 50. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda su\u00e7 tan\u0131m\u0131nda hapis cezas\u0131 ile adli para cezas\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7enek olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00e2llerde hapis cezas\u0131na h\u00fckmedilmi\u015fse; bu cezan\u0131n art\u0131k adli para cezas\u0131na \u00e7evrilemeyece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re bak\u0131lmakta olan davada san\u0131\u011f\u0131n su\u00e7unun sabit g\u00f6r\u00fclerek hapis cezas\u0131na h\u00fckmedilmesi h\u00e2linde bu cezan\u0131n adli para cezas\u0131na \u00e7evrilmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
5. Bu itibarla 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 272. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinin \u201cHapis cezas\u0131ndan \u00e7evrilen adl\u00ee para cezalar\u0131 hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere,…\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn bak\u0131lmakta olan davada uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
6. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle 4\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019nun 272. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n 31\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6217 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 23. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen (a) bendinin;<\/p>\n
A. \u201cHapis cezas\u0131ndan \u00e7evrilen adl\u00ee para cezalar\u0131 hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere,…\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn itiraz ba\u015fvurusunda bulunan Mahkemenin bakmakta oldu\u011fu davada uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu b\u00f6l\u00fcme ili\u015fkin ba\u015fvurunun Mahkemenin yetkisizli\u011fi nedeniyle REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
B. Kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine,<\/p>\n
OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. ESASIN \u0130NCELENMES\u0130<\/p>\n
7. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131 ve ekleri, Raport\u00f6r Muhammed Nuri \u00d6ZG\u00dcR taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan i\u015fin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin rapor, itiraz konusu ve ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fclen kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, dayan\u0131lan ve ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fclen Anayasa kurallar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n gerek\u00e7esi ile di\u011fer yasama belgeleri okunup incelendikten sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. Anlam ve Kapsam<\/p>\n
8. 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 272. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re ilk derece mahkemelerince verilen h\u00fck\u00fcmlere kar\u015f\u0131 istinaf yoluna ba\u015fvurulabilir. On be\u015f y\u0131l ve daha fazla hapis cezalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler ise b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemesince resen incelenir.<\/p>\n
9. An\u0131lan maddenin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda hapis cezas\u0131ndan \u00e7evrilen adli para cezalar\u0131 hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere sonu\u00e7 olarak belirlenen on be\u015f bin T\u00fcrk liras\u0131 d\u00e2hil adli para cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbmiyet h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ve \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 be\u015f y\u00fcz g\u00fcn\u00fc ge\u00e7meyen adli para cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7lardan verilen beraat h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ile kanunlarda kesin olarak verilece\u011fi belirtilen h\u00fck\u00fcmlere kar\u015f\u0131 istinaf kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurulamayaca\u011f\u0131 ve bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin tekerr\u00fcre esas olmayaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
10. S\u00f6z konusu f\u0131kran\u0131n (a) bendinde yer alan \u201c\u2026\u00fc\u00e7bin\u2026\u201d ibaresi 7499 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 37. maddesiyle \u201c\u2026onbe\u015fbin\u2026\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re an\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikten \u00f6nce sonu\u00e7 olarak belirlenen \u00fc\u00e7 bin T\u00fcrk liras\u0131 da d\u00e2hil bu miktara kadar h\u00fckmedilen adl\u00ee para cezalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 istinaf kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011filken de\u011fi\u015fiklikten sonra on be\u015f bin T\u00fcrk liras\u0131 da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere bu miktara kadar h\u00fckmedilen adl\u00ee para cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbmiyet h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine kar\u015f\u0131 istinaf kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurulamayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
11. 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 52. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda adli para cezas\u0131n\u0131n, belirlenen tam g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bir g\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak takdir edilen miktar ile \u00e7arp\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle hesaplanan mebla\u011f\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan Hazineye \u00f6denmesinden ibaret oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda adli para cezas\u0131n\u0131n bir g\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt ve \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmek suretiyle ki\u015finin ekonomik ve di\u011fer \u015fahsi h\u00e2lleri g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak takdir edilece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan f\u0131krada yer alan ve bir g\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 adli para cezas\u0131n\u0131n alt ve \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen \u201cEn az yirmi ve en fazla y\u00fcz T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131\u2026\u201d ibaresi 7499 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 9. maddesiyle \u201cEn az y\u00fcz ve en fazla be\u015fy\u00fcz T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131\u2026\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
B. \u0130tiraz\u0131n Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
12. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle; 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 272. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinde yer alan \u201c\u2026\u00fc\u00e7bin\u2026\u201d ibaresinin 7499 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 37. maddesiyle \u201c\u2026onbe\u015fbin\u2026\u201d olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirildi\u011fi, su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fi ve davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte istinaf kanun yolu a\u00e7\u0131k olan bir uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kla ilgili olarak usul kurallar\u0131n\u0131n derh\u00e2l uygulanmas\u0131 nedeniyle an\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi 1\/6\/2024 tarihinden sonra sonu\u00e7 olarak belirlenen on be\u015f bin T\u00fcrk liras\u0131 d\u00e2hil adli para cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbmiyet h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine kar\u015f\u0131 istinaf kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131, de\u011fi\u015fiklikten \u00f6nce a\u00e7\u0131lan davalarda mahkemelerin farkl\u0131 s\u00fcrelerde yarg\u0131lamay\u0131 sonu\u00e7land\u0131rabilece\u011fi de dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda davan\u0131n daha \u00f6nce karara ba\u011flanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde karara kar\u015f\u0131 istinaf kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurulabilecekken yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcreci uzun s\u00fcren davada istinaf hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131, bu durumun hukuki belirlilik, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik ve e\u015fitlik ilkeleriyle \u00e7eli\u015fti\u011fi, ayr\u0131ca hak arama \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 10. ve 36. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
C. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
13. 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kural, ilgisi nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
14. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 36. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cHerkes, me\u015fr\u00fb vas\u0131ta ve yollardan faydalanmak suretiyle yarg\u0131 mercileri \u00f6n\u00fcnde davac\u0131 veya daval\u0131 olarak iddia ve savunma ile adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131na sahiptir.\u201d denilerek yarg\u0131 organlar\u0131na davac\u0131 ve daval\u0131 olarak ba\u015fvurabilme hakk\u0131 ve bunun do\u011fal sonucu olarak da iddia, savunma ve adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00fczenleme ile g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan hak arama \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kendisi bir temel hak niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde di\u011fer temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerden gereken \u015fekilde yararlan\u0131lmay\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan en etkili g\u00fcvencelerden birisidir (AYM, E.2017\/120, K.2018\/33, 28\/3\/2018, \u00a7 17).<\/p>\n
15. Anayasa Mahkemesinin kararlar\u0131nda, mahkemelerce verilen bir h\u00fckm\u00fcn ba\u015fka bir yarg\u0131 mercii taraf\u0131ndan denetlenmesini talep etme hakk\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 36. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen hak arama \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir (AYM, E.2018\/71, K.2018\/118, 27\/12\/2018, \u00a7\u00a7 8-10; E.2020\/21, K.2020\/53, 1\/10\/2020, \u00a7 19).<\/p>\n
16. \u0130tiraz konusu kuralda mahkemelerce sonu\u00e7 olarak verilen on be\u015f bin T\u00fcrk liras\u0131 d\u00e2hil adl\u00ee para cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbmiyet h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine kar\u015f\u0131 istinaf kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurulamayaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kuralla s\u00f6z konusu miktar\u0131n alt\u0131nda kalan adli para cezalar\u0131n\u0131n kesin olarak verilmesine imk\u00e2n tan\u0131nmak suretiyle h\u00fckm\u00fcn denetlenmesini talep etme hakk\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirilmektedir.<\/p>\n
17. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde \u201cTemel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler, \u00f6zlerine dokunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca Anayasan\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar, Anayasan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin ve l\u00e2ik Cumhuriyetin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u201d denilmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re h\u00fckm\u00fcn denetlenmesini talep etme hakk\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rlama getiren kural\u0131n kanunla yap\u0131lmas\u0131, Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebine uygun ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
18. H\u00fckm\u00fcn denetlenmesini talep etme hakk\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamaya y\u00f6nelik kanuni bir d\u00fczenlemenin \u015feklen var olmas\u0131 yeterli olmay\u0131p yasal kurallar\u0131n keyf\u00eeli\u011fe izin vermeyecek \u015fekilde belirli, ula\u015f\u0131labilir ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olmalar\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
19. Esasen temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri s\u0131n\u0131rlayan kanunun bu niteliklere sahip olmas\u0131 Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nan hukuk devleti ilkesinin de bir gere\u011fidir. Hukuk devletinde kanuni d\u00fczenlemelerin hem ki\u015filer hem de idare y\u00f6n\u00fcnden herhangi bir duraksamaya ve ku\u015fkuya yer vermeyecek \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k, net, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r, uygulanabilir ve nesnel olmas\u0131, ayr\u0131ca kamu otoritelerinin keyf\u00ee uygulamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu \u00f6nlem i\u00e7ermesi gerekir. Kanunda bulunmas\u0131 gereken bu nitelikler hukuki g\u00fcvenli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da zorunludur. Zira bu ilke hukuk normlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131, bireylerin t\u00fcm eylem ve i\u015flemlerinde devlete g\u00fcven duyabilmesini, devletin de yasal d\u00fczenlemelerinde bu g\u00fcven duygusunu zedeleyici y\u00f6ntemlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lar (AYM, E.2015\/41, K.2017\/98, 4\/5\/2017, \u00a7\u00a7 153, 154). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde s\u0131n\u0131rlama \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc olarak belirtilen kanunilik, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nan hukuk devleti ilkesi \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yorumlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
20. Kuralda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen kesinlik s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n miktar\u0131 ile uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 kararlar\u0131n kapsam\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k ve net olarak d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kural\u0131n belirli, ula\u015f\u0131labilir ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir nitelikte oldu\u011fu ve bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle kanunilik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
21. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 36. maddesinde h\u00fckm\u00fcn denetlenmesini talep etme hakk\u0131 i\u00e7in herhangi bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama nedeni belirtilmemi\u015f olmakla birlikte \u00f6zel s\u0131n\u0131rlama nedeni \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f haklar\u0131n da hakk\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan baz\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu kabul edilmektedir. \u00d6te yandan Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fka maddelerinde yer alan hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler ile devlete y\u00fcklenen \u00f6devler, \u00f6zel s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebi g\u00f6sterilmemi\u015f hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere s\u0131n\u0131r te\u015fkil edebilir.<\/p>\n
22. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 141. maddesinin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cDavalar\u0131n en az giderle ve m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan s\u00fcratle sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, yarg\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revidir.\u201d denilmek suretiyle davalar\u0131n makul bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde bitirilmesi gereklili\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Bu itibarla devlet, yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131n gereksiz yere uzamas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyecek etkin \u00e7areler olu\u015fturmak zorundad\u0131r (AYM, E.2013\/4, K.2013\/35, 28\/2\/2013).<\/p>\n
23. Belli bir miktar\u0131n alt\u0131nda kalan do\u011frudan adli para cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbmiyet h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ili\u015fkin olarak ilk derece mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan verilen kararlar\u0131n kesin oldu\u011fu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmek suretiyle davalar\u0131n makul s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde ve daha az masrafla sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ama\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu itibarla kural\u0131n anayasal a\u00e7\u0131dan me\u015fru bir amaca dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
24. Kuralla h\u00fckm\u00fcn denetlenmesini talep etme hakk\u0131na getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n me\u015fru bir amac\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 yeterli olmay\u0131p \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 da gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
25. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi elveri\u015flilik, gereklilik ve orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 alt ilkeden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Elveri\u015flilik \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131n\u0131, gereklilik ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n zorunlu olmas\u0131n\u0131, di\u011fer bir ifadeyle ayn\u0131 amaca daha hafif bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama ile ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131n\u0131, orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k ise hakka getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlama ile ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 aras\u0131nda makul bir dengenin g\u00f6zetilmesi gereklili\u011fini ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n
26. Kuralda ceza mahkemelerince verilen ve belli bir parasal s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n alt\u0131nda kalan adli para cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbmiyet kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kanun yolunun kapal\u0131 tutulmas\u0131n\u0131n davalar\u0131n makul s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, istinaf mahkemelerinin i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn azalt\u0131larak kanun yolu incelemesinde miktar itibar\u0131yla daha a\u011f\u0131r nitelikli mahk\u00fbmiyet kararlar\u0131n\u0131n verildi\u011fi davalara zaman ve mesai ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flama amac\u0131na ula\u015fmak bak\u0131m\u0131ndan elveri\u015fli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
27. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra istinaf mercilerinin daha az \u00f6neme sahip davalarda emek ve mesai sarf etmelerinin \u00f6nlenerek yarg\u0131sal s\u00fcrecin h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hususunda al\u0131nacak tedbirlerle ilgili olarak kanun koyucunun geni\u015f takdir yetkisi bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6nem derecesi nispeten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck su\u00e7lar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ceza davalar\u0131nda verilen kararlara kar\u015f\u0131 istinaf kanun yolunun kapat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n kanun koyucunun takdir yetkisi kapsam\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6rebilece\u011fi tedbirlerden biri oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla do\u011frudan h\u00fckmedilen adli para cezas\u0131na ili\u015fkin mahk\u00fbmiyet kararlar\u0131ndan belli bir parasal s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n alt\u0131nda kalanlar\u0131n verildi\u011fi anda kesin olmas\u0131n\u0131n ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen me\u015fru ama\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan gerekli oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
28. Di\u011fer yandan h\u00fckm\u00fcn denetlenmesini talep etme hakk\u0131na getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n me\u015fru ama\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan elveri\u015fli ve gerekli olmas\u0131 yeterli olmay\u0131p orant\u0131l\u0131 da olmas\u0131 gerekir. 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 52. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen bir g\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 adli para cezas\u0131n\u0131n alt ve \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen parasal de\u011ferlerin de kuralda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikle ayn\u0131 oranda y\u00fckseltildi\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde, kuralla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen amaca ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in ilk derece mahkemelerinin \u00f6nem derecesi nispeten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck su\u00e7lar i\u00e7in h\u00fcrriyeti ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 ceza i\u00e7ermeyen ve do\u011frudan on be\u015f bin T\u00fcrk liras\u0131 ve alt\u0131nda adli para cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbmiyet kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 istinaf kanun yolunun kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle h\u00fckm\u00fcn denetlenmesini talep etme hakk\u0131na getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n paran\u0131n sat\u0131n alma g\u00fcc\u00fcndeki de\u011fi\u015fim kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda adalet ve hakkaniyet duygusunu zedeleyecek sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez. Bu itibarla kural\u0131n hak arama \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle \u00e7eli\u015fen bir y\u00f6n\u00fc bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
29. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 36. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130tiraz\u0131n reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 36. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 10. maddesiyle ilgisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
IV. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
4\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019nun 272. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n 31\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6217 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 23. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen (a) bendinin \u201c…sonu\u00e7 olarak belirlenen onbe\u015fbin T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131 d\u00e2hil adl\u00ee para cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbmiyet h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine,\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve itiraz\u0131n REDD\u0130NE 25\/12\/2024 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verildi.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Metin KIRATLI<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 25\/12\/2024 tarihli, 2024\/132 esas – 2024\/237 karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI \u00a0 Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/132 Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/237 Karar Tarihi : 25\/12\/2024 R.G. Tarih \u2013 Say\u0131 : 26\/2\/2025 – 32825 \u00a0 \u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: Adana 20. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi \u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 4\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019nun 272. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n 31\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6217 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 23. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen (a) bendinin iptaline karar verilmesi talebidir. OLAY: E\u015fe kar\u015f\u0131 kasten yaralama su\u00e7undan a\u00e7\u0131lan davada itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur. I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN VE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 G\u00d6R\u00dcLEN KANUN H\u00dcK\u00dcMLER\u0130 A. \u0130ptali \u0130stenen Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fc Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu kural\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 272. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u00a0\u201c\u0130stinaf Madde 272 \u2013 (1) \u0130lk derece mahkemelerinden verilen h\u00fck\u00fcmlere kar\u015f\u0131 istinaf yoluna ba\u015fvurulabilir. Ancak, onbe\u015f y\u0131l ve daha fazla hapis cezalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler, b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemesince re’sen incelenir. \u00a0(2) H\u00fck\u00fcmden \u00f6nce verilip h\u00fckme esas te\u015fkil eden veya ba\u015fkaca kanun yolu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f olan mahkeme kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 da h\u00fck\u00fcmle birlikte istinaf yoluna ba\u015fvurulabilir. \u00a0(3) Ancak; a) (De\u011fi\u015fik: 31\/3\/2011-6217\/23 md.) Hapis cezas\u0131ndan \u00e7evrilen adl\u00ee para cezalar\u0131 hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere, sonu\u00e7 olarak belirlenen onbe\u015fbin T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131 d\u00e2hil adl\u00ee para cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbmiyet h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine, b) \u00dcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 be\u015fy\u00fcz g\u00fcn\u00fc ge\u00e7meyen adl\u00ee para cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7lardan beraat h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine, c) Kanunlarda …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34119","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n