T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130<\/p>\n
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\u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
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KARAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
M.A. BA\u015eVURUSU<\/p>\n
(Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2023\/104230)<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi: 20\/11\/2024<\/p>\n
R.G. Tarih ve Say\u0131: 5\/2\/2025 – 32804<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
G\u0130ZL\u0130L\u0130K TALEB\u0130 KABUL<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcyeler<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
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Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
Raport\u00f6r<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Gizem Ceren DEM\u0130R KO\u015eAR<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucu<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
M.A.<\/p>\n
Vekili<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Av. Atilla BULUT<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
I. BA\u015eVURUNUN KONUSU<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvuru, men\u015fe \u00fclkesine s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesinde sak\u0131nca g\u00f6r\u00fclen yabanc\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclkeye s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesine karar verilmesi nedeniyle k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
II. BA\u015eVURU S\u00dcREC\u0130<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvuru 15\/12\/2023 tarihinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Komisyon, adli yard\u0131m talebinin kabul\u00fcne ve ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
3. Ba\u015fvuru belgelerinin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi, bilgi i\u00e7in Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. OLAY VE OLGULAR <\/p>\n
4. Ba\u015fvuru formu ve eklerinde ifade edildi\u011fi \u015fekliyle ilgili olaylar \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
5. Suriye uyruklu ba\u015fvurucu, ailesiyle birlikte ge\u00e7ici koruma stat\u00fcs\u00fcne tabi olarak Bursa\u2019da ikamet etmekte iken g\u00f6\u00e7men ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 su\u00e7u isnad\u0131yla hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00f6\u00e7 \u0130daresi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda G-43 tahdit kodu olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. Bursa G\u00f6\u00e7 \u0130daresi, kamu d\u00fczeni veya g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ya da sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in tehdit olu\u015fturdu\u011funu de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fi ba\u015fvurucunun gidebilece\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir \u00fclkeye s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesine veya g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde men\u015fe \u00fclkesine \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z\u00fc edilen karar\u0131n gerek\u00e7e b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde 4\/4\/2013 tarihli ve 6458 say\u0131l\u0131 Yabanc\u0131lar ve Uluslararas\u0131 Koruma Kanunu\u2019nun geri g\u00f6nderme yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen 4. maddesi iles\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilece\u011fi \u00fclkede \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131na, i\u015fkenceye, insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ya da onur k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ceza veya muameleye maruz kalaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda ciddi emare bulunanlar hakk\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme karar\u0131 al\u0131nmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden 55. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinin de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi ve ba\u015fvurucunun \u00fclkesine d\u00f6nmek istememesi h\u00e2linde g\u00fcvenli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclkeolarak Ekvador’a s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
6. Ba\u015fvurucu, s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 iptal davas\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dava dilek\u00e7esinde men\u015fe \u00fclkesine s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla ilgili birtak\u0131m iddialarda bulunan ba\u015fvurucu; hayati tehlikesinin olaca\u011f\u0131, i\u015fkenceye veya insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 muameleye maruz kalabilece\u011fi bir \u00fclkeye g\u00f6nderilmemesi gerekti\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ancak Ekvador \u00f6zelinde bir iddia ileri s\u00fcrmemi\u015f; bununla birlikte idare mahkemesinden Ekvador\u2019un g\u00fcvenli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015ftir. \u0130ptal davas\u0131n\u0131 inceleyen \u0130dare Mahkemesi 31\/10\/2023 tarihinde, ba\u015fvurucunun Suriye\u2019ye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fck esas\u0131na ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Ekvador y\u00f6n\u00fcnden belgelerle desteklenen bir iddia bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle davay\u0131 reddetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
7. Ba\u015fvurucu, nihai karar\u0131 20\/11\/2023 tarihinde \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f ve s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde bireysel ba\u015fvuru yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
8. Ba\u015fvurucunun g\u00f6\u00e7men ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 su\u00e7unu i\u015fledi\u011fi iddias\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131lan kamu davas\u0131 devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n
IV. \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 HUKUK<\/p>\n
9. \u0130lgili ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 hukuk i\u00e7in bkz. Hooman Hosse\u0131npour [GK], B. No: 2021\/47168, 29\/9\/2022, \u00a7\u00a7 24-36; H\u00fcsam Ibrah\u0131m, B. No: 2020\/20131, 4\/10\/2023, \u00a7\u00a7 15-19.<\/p>\n
V. \u0130NCELEME VE GEREK\u00c7E<\/p>\n
10. Anayasa Mahkemesinin 20\/11\/2024 tarihinde yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu toplant\u0131da ba\u015fvuru incelenip gere\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. K\u00f6t\u00fc Muamele Yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0130hlal Edildi\u011fine \u0130li\u015fkin \u0130ddia<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvurucunun \u0130ddialar\u0131 <\/p>\n
11. Ba\u015fvurucu; hakk\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme karar\u0131 verilmesine neden olanyarg\u0131laman\u0131n hen\u00fcz sonu\u00e7lanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, su\u00e7suz oldu\u011funu, DAE\u015e ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcnden ve i\u00e7 sava\u015ftan ka\u00e7arak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Suriye\u2019ye d\u00f6nmek istemedi\u011fini, nereye g\u00f6nderilece\u011fi belirsiz olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 davan\u0131n reddedilmesinin hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu, ayr\u0131ca s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme karar\u0131nda Ekvador\u2019a s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilece\u011fi yaz\u0131lsa da bu \u00fclkeye \u015fimdiye kadar g\u00f6nderilen ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bilinmedi\u011fini, bu \u00fclkenin g\u00fcvenli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu \u00fclkede de hak ihlalleri ve i\u015fkencenin devam etti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
2. De\u011ferlendirme<\/p>\n
12. Anayasa Mahkemesi, olaylar\u0131n ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan hukuki nitelendirmesi ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olmay\u0131p olay ve olgular\u0131n hukuki tavsifini kendisi takdir eder. Ba\u015fvurunun Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda incelenmesi gerekti\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
13. Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fclkeye girmeleri, \u00fclkede ikamet etmeleri ve \u00fclkeden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmalar\u0131,uluslararas\u0131 hukukta da kabul edildi\u011fi \u00fczere devletin egemenlik yetkisi kapsam\u0131ndad\u0131r (A.A. ve A.A. [GK], B. No: 2015\/3941, 1\/3\/2017, \u00a7 54).<\/p>\n
14. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, yasakla ilgili herhangi bir istisna da kabul edilmemi\u015ftir. \u201cTemel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n durdurulmas\u0131\u201d kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 15. madde ise sava\u015f, seferberlik veya ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2llerde de sava\u015f hukukuna uygun fiiller sonucu meydana gelen \u00f6l\u00fcmler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fam hakk\u0131 ile maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dokunulamayaca\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmi\u015ftir. K\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n mutlak niteli\u011fini ortaya koyan s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen d\u00fczenlemelere g\u00f6re bir yabanc\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilece\u011fi \u00fclkede, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir muameleye u\u011frayaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda ger\u00e7ek bir riskle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in esasl\u0131 gerek\u00e7elerin g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi h\u00e2llerde yabanc\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesi k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ihlal edebilir. Zira b\u00f6yle bir durumda yabanc\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele riskiyle kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmas\u0131 devletin tutumunun do\u011frudan bir sonucudur (baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle birlikte bkz. A.A. ve A.A., \u00a7\u00a7 55, 56). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bir yabanc\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilece\u011fi \u00fclkede \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclece\u011fi veya k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye u\u011frayaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda ger\u00e7ek bir riskle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in esasl\u0131 gerek\u00e7eler bulunmas\u0131 durumunda devlet, bu yabanc\u0131y\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etmeme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc alt\u0131ndad\u0131r (Masoud Taleb\u0131, B. No: 2023\/26088, 19\/3\/2024, \u00a7 64).<\/p>\n
15. S\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesi h\u00e2linde k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye u\u011frayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia eden yabanc\u0131, ilke olarak s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilece\u011fi \u00fclkede k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye u\u011frayaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda ger\u00e7ek bir riskle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in esasl\u0131 gerek\u00e7eler oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlayabilecek delilleri idari ve yarg\u0131 mercilerine sunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu do\u011frultuda s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilece\u011fi\u00fclkede var oldu\u011funu iddia etti\u011fi k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele riskinin ne oldu\u011funu makul \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klamal\u0131 ve varsa bu iddiay\u0131 destekleyen bilgi ve belgeleri ibraz etmelidir (baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle birlikte bkz.A.A. ve A.A., \u00a7 68).<\/p>\n
16. Yabanc\u0131; etnik k\u00f6keni, din\u00ee inanc\u0131, siyasi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ya da belirli bir gruba mensubiyeti gibi nedenlerle s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilece\u011fi \u00fclkedeki kamu makamlar\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015filere sistematik olarak k\u00f6t\u00fc muamelede bulunduklar\u0131n\u0131 iddia ediyor ise uygulaman\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile risk alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu iddia edilen gruba mensup oldu\u011funa inan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ciddi nedenler bulundu\u011funu ortaya koymal\u0131d\u0131r. Bununla birlikte yabanc\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilece\u011fi \u00fclkede uzun s\u00fcredir devam eden genel siyasi istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k ya da \u00fclkenin tamam\u0131na yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f i\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k nedeniyle k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fse an\u0131lan \u00fclkenin genel ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n nesnel olarak k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturmayaca\u011f\u0131 idari ve yarg\u0131sal makamlar taraf\u0131ndan ortaya konulmal\u0131d\u0131r(baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle birlikte bkz.A.A. ve A.A., \u00a7\u00a7 66, 67).<\/p>\n
17. \u0130spat k\u00fclfetinin ba\u015fvurucuda oldu\u011fu ve ba\u015fvurucunun bu k\u00fclfetten do\u011fan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerine getirdi\u011fi h\u00e2llerde idari ve yarg\u0131 mercileri ger\u00e7ek riskin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda titiz bir inceleme yapmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu inceleme yap\u0131l\u0131rken yabanc\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesinin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, yabanc\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilece\u011fi \u00fclkenin genel durumu,yabanc\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fisel durumu ve u\u011fran\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 iddia edilen muamelenin k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in aranan asgari a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k e\u015fi\u011fine ula\u015f\u0131p ula\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Riskin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken ulusal veya uluslararas\u0131 kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n d\u00fczenledikleri raporlardan ya da somut olay hakk\u0131nda bilgi edinilmesini sa\u011flayacak ba\u015fka kaynaklardan yararlan\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr (k\u0131smen benzer de\u011ferlendirme i\u00e7in bkz. A.A. ve A.A., \u00a7\u00a7 62-64).<\/p>\n
18. Ger\u00e7ek riskin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ilgili de\u011ferlendirmede kural olarak s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n verildi\u011fi tarihteki ko\u015fullar dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak yap\u0131lacak de\u011ferlendirmenin sonucunu do\u011frudan etkileyecek \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeler de g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r (baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle birlikte bkz. A.A. ve A.A., \u00a7 70).<\/p>\n
19. S\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme karar\u0131 verilmesi nedeniyle k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131yla yap\u0131lan ve ba\u015fvurucunun s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilece\u011fi \u00fclkede Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir muameleye u\u011frayaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda ger\u00e7ek bir riskle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in esasl\u0131 gerek\u00e7elerin g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi bireysel ba\u015fvurularda Anayasa Mahkemesinin rol\u00fc, ba\u015fvurucuyu do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131 olarak k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele riskiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkeye g\u00f6nderilmesine kar\u015f\u0131 koruyan etkili usul g\u00fcvencelerinin sa\u011flan\u0131p sa\u011flanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmektir. Anayasa Mahkemesi usul g\u00fcvencelerinin sa\u011flanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirdi\u011finde ikincillik ilkesi gere\u011fi kural olarak yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla ihlal karar\u0131 verir. Usul g\u00fcvencelerinin sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda ise geri g\u00f6nderilen \u00fclkede ger\u00e7ek bir k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele riski olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131ca de\u011ferlendirilir. Bununla birlikte Anayasa Mahkemesi, somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zel ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00e2llerde geri g\u00f6nderilen \u00fclkede ger\u00e7ek bir k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele riski bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 istisnai olarak ilk elden kendisi de inceleyebilir. Bu durumda yabanc\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesi h\u00e2linde devletin k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etmeme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihlal edip etmeyece\u011fini de ayr\u0131ca inceler (baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle birlikte bkz. A.A. ve A.A., \u00a7\u00a7 71, 72).<\/p>\n
20. Anayasa Mahkemesi Hooman Hosse\u0131npour ([GK], B. No: 2021\/47168, 29\/9\/2022) karar\u0131nda hakk\u0131nda, men\u015fe \u00fclkesinde verilmi\u015f bir idam cezas\u0131 bulunan ve bu karar\u0131n kesinle\u015fti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcren ba\u015fvurucunun hen\u00fcz tespit edilmemi\u015f g\u00fcvenli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclkeye s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesine karar verilmesi i\u015flemini ve bu i\u015fleme kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan idari dava s\u00fcrecini ele alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan kararda idarenin men\u015fe \u00fclkesine s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesinde sak\u0131nca g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yabanc\u0131n\u0131n nereye s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilece\u011finin belirlenmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde yarg\u0131 mercilerinin bahsi ge\u00e7en yabanc\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilece\u011fi \u00fclkede \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131na, i\u015fkenceye, insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ya da onur k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ceza veya muameleye maruz kal\u0131p kalmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 veya dolayl\u0131 olarak men\u015fe \u00fclkesine s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilip edilmeyece\u011fini de\u011ferlendirilemeyece\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir (an\u0131lan kararda bkz. \u00a7 67). M.E. ve di\u011ferleri (B. No: 2020\/18186, 24\/1\/2024) ba\u015fvurusunda ise -ba\u015fka iddialar yan\u0131nda- Suriye uyruklu olan ve men\u015fe \u00fclkesine s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesinde sak\u0131nca g\u00f6r\u00fclen ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n g\u00fcvenli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclkeye s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmelerine karar verilmesi nedeniyle k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddias\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Anayasa Mahkemesi; yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 incelemede s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan iptal davalar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyen idari yarg\u0131 mercilerinin g\u00fcvenli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclkeyle ilgili bir tespiti bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na, bu nedenle s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilecekleri \u00fclkelerde ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye maruz kal\u0131p kalmayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 veya dolayl\u0131 olarak men\u015fe \u00fclkesine g\u00f6nderilip g\u00f6nderilmeyeceklerini de\u011ferlendirmelerinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dikkate almad\u0131klar\u0131na i\u015faret ederek k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi sonucuna varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (an\u0131lan kararda bkz. \u00a7 31).<\/p>\n
21. Ba\u015fvuruya konu olayda idari makamlar, ba\u015fvurucunun men\u015fe \u00fclkesine s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesinde sak\u0131nca g\u00f6rerek gidebilece\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir \u00fclkeye s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesine veya g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde men\u015fe \u00fclkesine \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015f; karar\u0131n gerek\u00e7e b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde de -daha \u00f6nce bahsedilen Hooman Hosse\u0131npour karar\u0131 ile M.E. ve di\u011ferleri karar\u0131na konu s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme kararlar\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 olarak- ba\u015fvurucunun \u00fclkesine d\u00f6nmek istememesi h\u00e2linde g\u00fcvenli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc olarak Ekvador\u2019a s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilece\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir (bkz. \u00a7 5). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla aksi iddia edilse de ba\u015fvurucunun hangi \u00fclkeye s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilece\u011fi bellidir ve an\u0131lan s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme karar\u0131na g\u00f6re kendisi istemedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece ba\u015fvurucunun men\u015fe \u00fclkesine do\u011frudan s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesi s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. Zira s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme karar\u0131nda veya bu karar\u0131n ekindeki bir belgede ya da s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan dava dosyas\u0131nda bulunan ve yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n (davac\u0131lar\u0131n) eri\u015fimine kapal\u0131 olmay\u0131p yetkili idari birimce d\u00fczenlenen bir belgede \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclke veya \u00fclkeler tek tek say\u0131larak yabanc\u0131n\u0131n bu \u00fclkelerden birine s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilebilece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade edilmi\u015fse yabanc\u0131n\u0131n bunlardan ba\u015fka bir \u00fclkeye s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilemeyece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
22. Ba\u015fvurucu; g\u00fcvenli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclke olarak belirlenen Ekvador\u2019un karar\u0131n gerek\u00e7e k\u0131sm\u0131nda belirtilmesinin g\u00f6stermelik oldu\u011funu, bu \u00fclkenin g\u00fcvenli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu \u00fclkede de hak ihlalleri ile i\u015fkencenin devam etti\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bununla birlikte Ekvador d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bir \u00fclkeye veya Ekvador taraf\u0131ndan men\u015fe \u00fclkesine g\u00f6nderilebilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcren somut bir olay veya olgudan s\u00f6z etmemi\u015f, G\u00f6\u00e7 \u0130daresinin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararlara uyulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmemi\u015f, Ekvador\u2019da \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131na, i\u015fkenceye, insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ya da onur k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ceza veya muameleye maruz kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 veya bu \u00fclkede uzun s\u00fcredir devam eden genel siyasi istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k ya da \u00fclkenin tamam\u0131na yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f i\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k bulundu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrmemi\u015ftir. B\u00f6yle bir durumun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret eden bir bilgiye de ula\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kald\u0131 ki s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 karar\u0131nda belirtilenin aksine Ekvador d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir \u00fclkeye g\u00f6nderilmesine karar verilmesi ve bu \u00fclke y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ger\u00e7ek bir risk te\u015fkil eden durumun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2linde ba\u015fvurucu hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz iddialar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde yapaca\u011f\u0131 yeni bir bireysel ba\u015fvuruya konu edebilecektir.<\/p>\n
23. Sonu\u00e7 olarak ba\u015fvurucu, Ekvador d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir \u00fclkeye veya dolayl\u0131 olarak men\u015fe \u00fclkesine s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilebilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcren olgular\u0131 ortaya koymam\u0131\u015f; belirlenen \u00fclkeye s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesi h\u00e2linde Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir muameleye u\u011frayaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda ger\u00e7ek bir riskle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in esasl\u0131 gerek\u00e7eler sunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
24. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n di\u011fer kabul edilebilirlik ko\u015fullar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmeksizin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmas\u0131 nedeniyle kabul edilemez oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
B. Di\u011fer \u0130hlal \u0130ddialar\u0131 <\/p>\n
25. Ba\u015fvurucunun, e\u015fi ve ya\u015f\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ile birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesi h\u00e2linde aile b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bozulaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin iddias\u0131n\u0131n Peri K\u0131r\u0131k (B. No: 2015\/19795, 9\/1\/2019) karar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, kendisine isnat edilen su\u00e7 nedeniyle yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lamada hen\u00fcz kesin h\u00fck\u00fcm verilmemesine ra\u011fmen s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme karar\u0131 verilmesi nedeniyle masumiyet karinesinin ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddias\u0131n\u0131n Z.M. ve I.M. (B. No: 2015\/2037, 6\/1\/2016) karar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetkisizlik nedeniyle kabul edilemez oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
VI. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle;<\/p>\n
A. Kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k belgelerde ba\u015fvurucunun kimli\u011finin gizli tutulmas\u0131 talebinin KABUL\u00dcNE,<\/p>\n
B. 1. K\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmas\u0131 nedeniyle KABUL ED\u0130LEMEZ OLDU\u011eUNA,<\/p>\n
2. Di\u011fer ihlal iddialar\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilebilirlik kriterlerini sa\u011flamamas\u0131 nedeniyle KABUL ED\u0130LEMEZ OLDU\u011eUNA,<\/p>\n
C. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin G\u00f6\u00e7 \u0130daresi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
D. 12\/1\/2011 tarihli ve 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019nun 339. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca tahsil edilmesi ma\u011fduriyetine neden olaca\u011f\u0131ndan adli yard\u0131m talebi kabul edilen ba\u015fvurucunun yarg\u0131lama giderlerini \u00f6demekten TAMAMEN MUAF TUTULMASINA 20\/11\/2024 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verildi.<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 20\/11\/2024 tarihli ve 2023\/104230 ba\u015fvuru numaral\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130 ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 M.A. BA\u015eVURUSU (Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2023\/104230) \u00a0 Karar Tarihi: 20\/11\/2024 R.G. Tarih ve Say\u0131: 5\/2\/2025 – 32804 \u00a0 \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR G\u0130ZL\u0130L\u0130K TALEB\u0130 KABUL \u00a0 Ba\u015fkan : Basri BA\u011eCI \u00dcyeler : Engin YILDIRIM \u00a0 \u00a0 R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7 \u00a0 \u00a0 Kenan YA\u015eAR \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR Raport\u00f6r : Gizem Ceren DEM\u0130R KO\u015eAR Ba\u015fvurucu : M.A. Vekili : Av. Atilla BULUT \u00a0 I. BA\u015eVURUNUN KONUSU 1. Ba\u015fvuru, men\u015fe \u00fclkesine s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesinde sak\u0131nca g\u00f6r\u00fclen yabanc\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclkeye s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesine karar verilmesi nedeniyle k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. II. BA\u015eVURU S\u00dcREC\u0130 2. Ba\u015fvuru 15\/12\/2023 tarihinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Komisyon, adli yard\u0131m talebinin kabul\u00fcne ve ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. 3. Ba\u015fvuru belgelerinin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi, bilgi i\u00e7in Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. III. OLAY VE OLGULAR 4. Ba\u015fvuru formu ve eklerinde ifade edildi\u011fi \u015fekliyle ilgili olaylar \u015f\u00f6yledir: 5. Suriye uyruklu ba\u015fvurucu, ailesiyle birlikte ge\u00e7ici koruma stat\u00fcs\u00fcne tabi olarak Bursa\u2019da ikamet etmekte iken g\u00f6\u00e7men ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 su\u00e7u isnad\u0131yla hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00f6\u00e7 \u0130daresi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda G-43 tahdit kodu olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. Bursa G\u00f6\u00e7 \u0130daresi, kamu d\u00fczeni veya g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ya da sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in tehdit olu\u015fturdu\u011funu de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fi ba\u015fvurucunun gidebilece\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir \u00fclkeye s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30453","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n