ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/79<\/p>\n
Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/182<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi : 5\/11\/2024<\/p>\n
R.G. Tarih \u2013 Say\u0131 : 20\/1\/2025 – 32788<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: Sarayk\u00f6y Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 4\/11\/1983 tarihli ve 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma Kanunu\u2019nun;<\/p>\n
A. 27. maddesine 19\/4\/2018 tarihli ve 7139 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 29. maddesiyle eklenen ikinci f\u0131kran\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinin,<\/p>\n
B. 24\/4\/2001 tarihli ve 4650 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 18. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 31. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinin,<\/p>\n
Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 35. ve 36. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptallerine karar verilmesi talebidir.<\/p>\n
OLAY: Acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma karar\u0131 \u00fczerine a\u00e7\u0131lan bedel tespiti ve tescil davas\u0131nda itiraz konusu kurallar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN VE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 G\u00d6R\u00dcLEN KANUN H\u00dcK\u00dcMLER\u0130<\/p>\n
A. \u0130ptali \u0130stenen Kanun H\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/p>\n
Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu kurallar\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131;<\/p>\n
1. 27. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cAcele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma<\/p>\n
Madde 27 \u2013 3634 say\u0131l\u0131 Milli M\u00fcdafaa M\u00fckellefiyeti Kanununun uygulanmas\u0131nda yurt savunmas\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131na veya aceleli\u011fine Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nca karar al\u0131nacak hallerde veya \u00f6zel kanunlarla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc durumlarda gerekli olan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallar\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda k\u0131ymet takdiri d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki i\u015flemler sonradan tamamlanmak \u00fczere ilgili idarenin istemi ile mahkemece yedi g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde o ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n (De\u011fi\u015fik ibare: 24\/4\/2001 – 4650\/15 md.) 10 uncu madde esaslar\u0131 dairesinde ve 15 inci madde uyar\u0131nca se\u00e7ilecek bilirki\u015filerce tespit edilecek de\u011feri, idare taraf\u0131ndan mal sahibi ad\u0131na (De\u011fi\u015fik ibare: 24\/4\/2001 – 4650\/15 md.) 10 uncu maddeye g\u00f6re yap\u0131lacak davetiye ve ilanda belirtilen bankaya yat\u0131r\u0131larak o ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mala el konulabilir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(Ek f\u0131kra: 19\/4\/2018-7139\/29 md.) Mahkemece verilen ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mala el koyma karar\u0131 tapu m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne bildirilir. Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n ba\u015fkas\u0131na devir, fera\u011f veya temlikinin yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fc tapu k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u015ferh edilir. El koyma karar\u0131ndan sonra ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal 20 nci madde uyar\u0131nca bo\u015falt\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu Kanunun 3 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinin 2 nci f\u0131kras\u0131nda belirtilen hallerde yap\u0131lacak kamula\u015ft\u0131rmalarda yat\u0131r\u0131lacak miktar, \u00f6denecek ilk taksit bedelidir.\u201d<\/p>\n
2. 31. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cYasak i\u015fler ve eylemler<\/p>\n
Madde 31 \u2013 (De\u011fi\u015fik: 24\/4\/2001 – 4650\/18 md.)<\/p>\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yaz\u0131l\u0131 i\u015fler ve eylemler yasakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
a) 15 inci madde uyar\u0131nca olu\u015fturulan bilirki\u015filerin, kendilerine mahkemece takdir edilen \u00fccret d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda herhangi bir suretle \u00e7\u0131kar sa\u011flamalar\u0131,<\/p>\n
b) Mahkemece 10 uncu madde uyar\u0131nca yap\u0131lan tebligat, davet veya ilanen tebli\u011fden sonra ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n ba\u015fkas\u0131na devir ve fera\u011f veya temliki.<\/p>\n
c) Dava giderlerinin avukat veya dava vekilleri veya onlar ad\u0131na hareket edenler taraf\u0131ndan kabullenilmesi.<\/p>\n
d) Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedelinin tamam\u0131n\u0131n veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n nakden veya ba\u015fka bir \u015fekilde, avukat veya dava vekili veya onlar ad\u0131na hareket edenler taraf\u0131ndan mal sahibine \u00f6nceden \u00f6denmesi.<\/p>\n
e) Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedelinin tamam\u0131n\u0131n veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n avukat veya dava vekili veya onlar ad\u0131na hareket edenlere ait olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/p>\n
f) Yukar\u0131da yaz\u0131l\u0131 bentlerde yasaklanan fiillerin avukat veya dava vekillerince bizzat veya arac\u0131 ile mal sahibine teklif edilmesi veya bunlara yard\u0131mc\u0131 olunmas\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n
B. \u0130lgili G\u00f6r\u00fclen Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fc<\/p>\n
Kanun\u2019un 10. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cKamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedelinin mahkemece tespiti ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n idare ad\u0131na tescili<\/p>\n
Madde 10 \u2013 (De\u011fi\u015fik: 24\/4\/2001 – 4650\/5 md.)<\/p>\n
Kamula\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n sat\u0131n alma usul\u00fc ile yap\u0131lamamas\u0131 halinde idare, 7 nci maddeye g\u00f6re toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgi ve belgelerle 8 inci madde uyar\u0131nca yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bedel tespiti ve bu husustaki di\u011fer bilgi ve belgeleri bir dilek\u00e7eye ekleyerek ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yer asliye hukuk mahkemesine m\u00fcracaat eder ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedelinin tespitiyle, bu bedelin, pe\u015fin veya kamula\u015ft\u0131rma 3 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise taksitle \u00f6denmesi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, idare ad\u0131na tesciline karar verilmesini ister.<\/p>\n
Mahkeme, idarenin ba\u015fvuru tarihinden itibaren en ge\u00e7 otuz g\u00fcn sonras\u0131 i\u00e7in belirledi\u011fi duru\u015fma g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc, dava dilek\u00e7esi ve idare taraf\u0131ndan verilen belgelerin birer \u00f6rne\u011fi de eklenerek ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n malikine me\u015fruhatl\u0131 davetiye ile veya idarece yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar sonucunda adresleri bulunamayanlara, 11.2.1959 tarihli ve 7201 say\u0131l\u0131 Tebligat Kanunu\u2019nun 28 inci maddesi gere\u011fince ilan yoluyla tebligat suretiyle bildirerek duru\u015fmaya kat\u0131lmaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r. Duru\u015fma g\u00fcn\u00fc idareye de tebli\u011f olunur.<\/p>\n
Mahkemece malike do\u011frudan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak me\u015fruhatl\u0131 davetiyede veya ilan yolu ile yap\u0131lacak tebligatta;<\/p>\n
a) Kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n tapuda kay\u0131tl\u0131 bulundu\u011fu yer, mevkii, pafta, ada, parsel numaras\u0131, vasf\u0131, y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc.<\/p>\n
b) Malik veya maliklerin ad ve soyadlar\u0131,<\/p>\n
c) Kamula\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 yapan idarenin ad\u0131,<\/p>\n
d) 14 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddede \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde, tebligat veya ilan tarihinden itibaren kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemine idari yarg\u0131da iptal veya adli yarg\u0131da maddi hatalara kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fczeltim davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilecekleri,<\/p>\n
e) A\u00e7\u0131lacak davalarda husumetin kime y\u00f6neltilece\u011fi,<\/p>\n
f) 14 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddede \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde, kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemine kar\u015f\u0131 idari yarg\u0131da iptal davas\u0131 a\u00e7anlar\u0131n, dava a\u00e7t\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin durdurulmas\u0131 karar\u0131 ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belgelendirmedikleri takdirde, kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015fleminin kesinle\u015fece\u011fi ve mahkemece tespit edilen kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedeli \u00fczerinden ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yapan idare ad\u0131na tescil edilece\u011fi,<\/p>\n
g) Mahkemece tespit edilen kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedelinin hak sahibi ad\u0131na hangi bankaya yat\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n
h) Konuya ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n de\u011ferine ili\u015fkin t\u00fcm savunma ve delilleri, tebli\u011f tarihinden itibaren on g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde mahkemeye yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak bildirmeleri gerekti\u011fi,<\/p>\n
Belirtilir.<\/p>\n
Mahkemece, kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yerde \u00e7\u0131kan bir gazete ve bir internet haber sitesi ile T\u00fcrkiye genelinde yay\u0131mlanan gazetelerin birisinde kamula\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n ve belgelerin \u00f6zeti en az birer defa yay\u0131mlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Mahkemece belirlenen g\u00fcnde yap\u0131lacak duru\u015fmada hakim, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n bedeli konusunda taraflar\u0131 anla\u015fmaya davet eder. Taraflar\u0131n bedelde anla\u015fmas\u0131 halinde hakim, taraflarca anla\u015f\u0131lan bu bedeli kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedeli olarak kabul eder ve sekizinci f\u0131kran\u0131n ikinci ve devam\u0131 c\u00fcmleleri uyar\u0131nca i\u015flem yapar.<\/p>\n
Mahkemece yap\u0131lan duru\u015fmada taraflar\u0131n bedelde anla\u015famamalar\u0131 halinde hakim, en ge\u00e7 on g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde ke\u015fif ve otuz g\u00fcn sonras\u0131 i\u00e7in de duru\u015fma g\u00fcn\u00fc tayin ederek, 15 inci maddede say\u0131lan bilirki\u015filer marifetiyle ve t\u00fcm ilgililerin huzurunda ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n de\u011ferini tespit i\u00e7in mahallinde ke\u015fif yapar. Yap\u0131lacak ke\u015fifte, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yerin ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu k\u00f6y veya mahalle muhtar\u0131n\u0131n da haz\u0131r bulunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla, muhtara da davetiye \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131r ve ke\u015fifte haz\u0131r bulunmas\u0131 temin edilerek, muhtar\u0131n beyan\u0131 da al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bilirki\u015filer, taraflar ve di\u011fer ilgililerin beyan\u0131n\u0131 da dikkate alarak, 11 inci maddedeki esaslar do\u011frultusunda ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n de\u011ferini belirten raporlar\u0131n\u0131 onbe\u015f g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde mahkemeye verirler. Mahkeme bu raporu, duru\u015fma g\u00fcn\u00fc beklenmeksizin taraflara tebli\u011f eder. Yap\u0131lacak duru\u015fmaya hakim, taraflar veya vekillerini ve bilirki\u015fileri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r. Bu duru\u015fmada taraflar\u0131n bilirki\u015fi raporlar\u0131na varsa itirazlar\u0131 dinlenir ve bilirki\u015filerin bu itirazlara kar\u015f\u0131 beyanlar\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(De\u011fi\u015fik sekizinci f\u0131kra: 19\/4\/2018-7139\/26 md.) Taraflar\u0131n bedelde anla\u015famamalar\u0131 halinde gerekti\u011finde h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan onbe\u015f g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmak \u00fczere yeni bir bilirki\u015fi kurulu tayin edilir ve h\u00e2kim, taraflar\u0131n ve bilirki\u015filerin rapor veya raporlar\u0131 ile beyanlar\u0131ndan yararlanarak adil ve hakkaniyete uygun bir kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedeli tespit eder. Mahkemece tespit edilen bu bedel, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal, kaynak veya irtifak hakk\u0131n\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lma bedelidir. Taraflar\u0131n anla\u015fmas\u0131 halinde kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedeli olarak anla\u015f\u0131lan miktar pe\u015fin ve nakit olarak, hak sahibi ad\u0131na bankaya yat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Taraflar\u0131n anla\u015famamas\u0131 halinde h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedeli olarak tespit edilen bedelin (\u2026) mahkemece belirlenecek banka hesab\u0131na yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve yat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair makbuzun ibraz edilmesi i\u00e7in idareye onbe\u015f g\u00fcn s\u00fcre verilir. Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bu Kanunun 3 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise ilk taksitin yine pe\u015fin ve nakit olarak hak sahibi ad\u0131na, hak sahibi tespit edilememi\u015f ise ileride ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak hak sahibine verilmek \u00fczere 10 uncu maddeye g\u00f6re mahkemece yap\u0131lacak davetiye ve ilanda belirtilen bankaya yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve yat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair makbuzun ibraz edilmesi i\u00e7in idareye onbe\u015f g\u00fcn s\u00fcre verilir. Gereken hallerde bu s\u00fcre bir defaya mahsus olmak \u00fczere mahkemece uzat\u0131labilir. \u0130darece, kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedelinin hak sahibi ad\u0131na yat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na, h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedeli olarak tespit edilen bedelin (\u2026) veya hak sahibinin tespit edilemedi\u011fi durumlarda ise ileride ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak hak sahibine verilmek \u00fczere bloke edildi\u011fine dair makbuzun ibraz\u0131 halinde mahkemece, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n idare ad\u0131na tesciline ve kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedelinin hak sahibine \u00f6denmesine karar verilir ve bu karar, tapu dairesine ve paran\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bankaya bildirilir. Tescil h\u00fckm\u00fc kesin olup, taraflar\u0131n bedele ili\u015fkin istinaf veya temyiz haklar\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130stinaf veya temyiz incelemesi sonucunda kesinle\u015fen kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedeli, hak sahibine pe\u015fin ve nakit olarak \u00f6denen tutardan daha az olmas\u0131 durumunda aradaki fark ilgilisinden talep edilir. \u0130dare taraf\u0131ndan hak sahibi ad\u0131na yap\u0131lan \u00f6deme tarihi ile geri \u00f6demeye ili\u015fkin yaz\u0131n\u0131n ilgilisine tebli\u011f edildi\u011fi tarih aras\u0131ndaki s\u00fcre i\u00e7in faiz al\u0131nmaz.<\/p>\n
\u00a0(Ek f\u0131kra: 11\/4\/2013-6459\/6 md.) (\u0130ptal f\u0131kra: Anayasa Mahkemesinin 5\/4\/2023 tarihli ve E: 2022\/83, K: 2023\/69 say\u0131l\u0131 Karar\u0131 ile.) (\u2026)<\/p>\n
Bu maddede \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen i\u015flemler, mahkemenin davetine uymayanlar oldu\u011fu takdirde ilgilinin yoklu\u011funda yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hak sahibinin tespit edilemedi\u011fi durumlarda mahkemece, kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedelinin \u00fc\u00e7er ayl\u0131k vadeli hesaba d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclerek nemaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla gerekli tedbirler al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 yap\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal, tahsis edildi\u011fi kamu hizmeti itibariyle sicile kayd\u0131 gerekmeyen bir niteli\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ise, istek halinde mahkemece sicil kayd\u0131n\u0131n terkinine karar verilir.<\/p>\n
Bu tescil ve terkin i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda mal sahiplerinin bu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal nedeniyle vergi ili\u015fkisi aranmaz. Ancak, tapu dairesi durumu ilgili vergi dairesine bildirir.<\/p>\n
14 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddede belirtilen s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde, kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemine kar\u015f\u0131 hak sahipleri taraf\u0131ndan idari yarg\u0131da iptal davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ve idari yarg\u0131 mahkemelerince de y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin durdurulmas\u0131 karar\u0131 verilmesi halinde mahkemece, idari yarg\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131lan dava bekletici mesele kabul edilerek bunun sonucuna g\u00f6re i\u015flem yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemine kar\u015f\u0131 idari yarg\u0131da iptal veya maddi hatalara kar\u015f\u0131 adli mahkemelerde a\u00e7\u0131lacak d\u00fczeltim davalar\u0131nda hangi idareye husumet y\u00f6neltilece\u011finin davetiye ve ilanda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmemi\u015f veya yanl\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle davada husumet yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6neltilmi\u015f ise, ger\u00e7ek hasma tebligat yap\u0131lmak suretiyle davaya devam olunur.\u201d<\/p>\n
II. \u0130LK \u0130NCELEME<\/p>\n
1. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, Basri BA\u011eCI, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR, Muhterem \u0130NCE ve Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L\u2019in kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 4\/4\/2024 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda dosyada eksiklik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015fin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. ESASIN \u0130NCELENMES\u0130<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131 ve ekleri, Raport\u00f6r \u00d6mer MENC\u0130K taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan i\u015fin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin rapor, itiraz konusu ve ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fclen kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, dayan\u0131lan Anayasa kurallar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n gerek\u00e7eleri ile di\u011fer yasama belgeleri okunup incelendikten sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. Genel A\u00e7\u0131klama<\/p>\n
3. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 46. maddesi uyar\u0131nca devlet ve kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fileri, kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi h\u00e2llerde -ger\u00e7ek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 pe\u015fin \u00f6demek \u015fart\u0131yla- \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyette bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallar\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kanunla g\u00f6sterilen esas ve usullere g\u00f6re kamula\u015ft\u0131rmaya ve bunlar \u00fczerinde idari irtifaklar kurmaya yetkilidir.<\/p>\n
4. Kamula\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n usul ve esaslar\u0131 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan Kanun uyar\u0131nca kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6denek temini, kamu yarar\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n belirlenmesi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinden sonra yetkili idare taraf\u0131ndan kamula\u015ft\u0131rmaya karar verilmesi gerekmektedir. Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma karar\u0131, \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyette bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n kamu m\u00fclkiyetine ge\u00e7mesiyle sonu\u00e7lanan kamula\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrecinin kurucu unsurunu olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Yetkili idare taraf\u0131ndan hukuka uygun bir \u015fekilde verilen bir kamula\u015ft\u0131rma karar\u0131 bulunmadan kamula\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n sonraki a\u015famalar\u0131na ge\u00e7ilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
5. \u0130dare, kamula\u015ft\u0131rma karar\u0131 ald\u0131ktan sonra Kanun\u2019un 7. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesi gere\u011fince kamula\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n tapu siciline \u015ferh verilmesini tapu idaresine bildirecektir. An\u0131lan f\u0131kran\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc c\u00fcmlesinde bu \u015ferhin s\u00fcreli oldu\u011fu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. An\u0131lan c\u00fcmleye g\u00f6re idare taraf\u0131ndan \u015ferh tarihinden itibaren alt\u0131 ay i\u00e7inde kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak ta\u015f\u0131nmaza ili\u015fkin 10. maddeye g\u00f6re kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedelinin tespitiyle idare ad\u0131na tescili iste\u011finde bulunuldu\u011funa dair mahkemeden al\u0131nacak belge tapu idaresine ibraz edilmedi\u011fi takdirde bu \u015ferh tapu idaresince resen sicilden silinecektir.<\/p>\n
6. \u0130darenin s\u00f6z konusu i\u015flemleri yapt\u0131ktan sonra 8. maddeye g\u00f6re tapuda kay\u0131tl\u0131 olan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallar hakk\u0131nda yapaca\u011f\u0131 kamula\u015ft\u0131rmalarda sat\u0131n alma usul\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6ncelikle uygulamas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Kamula\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n sat\u0131n alma usul\u00fc ile yap\u0131lamamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde ise idare 10. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yer asliye hukuk mahkemesine ba\u015fvurarak ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedelinin tespitiyle, bu bedelin pe\u015fin veya kamula\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n 3. maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re yap\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde taksitle \u00f6denmesi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda idare ad\u0131na tesciline karar verilmesini isteyecektir.<\/p>\n
7. 10. madde gere\u011fince a\u00e7\u0131lan dava sonucunda asliye hukuk mahkemesi, kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedelini tespit edecek ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n idare ad\u0131na tesciline karar verecektir. 25. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re m\u00fclkiyetin idareye ge\u00e7mesi bu karar ile olacakt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ola\u011fan kamula\u015ft\u0131rma usul\u00fcnde idarenin kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131nmaza el koyma yetkisi bu kararla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
8. Baz\u0131 istisnai h\u00e2llerde bu usul ve esaslar\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyet alt\u0131ndaki ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n idare taraf\u0131ndan bir an evvel kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilmektedir. S\u00f6z konusu ihtiyaca binaen 27. maddeyle idareye \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyete konu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131 acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yoluyla normal bir kamula\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrecindeki i\u015flemler tamamlanmadan hukuka uygun bir \u015fekilde kullanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (AYM, E.2012\/87, K.2014\/41, 27\/2\/2014).<\/p>\n
9. Acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemlerinin neticelenmesini beklemeden kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131nmaza el koyma imk\u00e2n\u0131 tan\u0131yan ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir kamula\u015ft\u0131rma usul\u00fcd\u00fcr. S\u00f6z konusu usul ile kamula\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrecinin neticelenmesinin beklenmesi kamu hizmetlerinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinde ciddi aksamalara yol a\u00e7madan idarenin hemen ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda 27. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re aciliyetine Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nca karar al\u0131nacak h\u00e2llerde gerekli olan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda k\u0131ymet takdiri d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki i\u015flemler sonradan tamamlanmak \u00fczere idarenin istemi ile mahkemece yedi g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde o ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n kanunda belirtilen usule g\u00f6re bilirki\u015filerce tespit edilecek de\u011feri idare taraf\u0131ndan mal sahibi ad\u0131na bankaya yat\u0131r\u0131larak o ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mala el konulabilecektir (Ali H\u0131d\u0131r Akyol ve di\u011ferleri [GK], B. No: 2015\/17510, 18\/10\/2017, \u00a7\u00a7 31, 32).<\/p>\n
10. Acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma usul\u00fc, ola\u011fan kamula\u015ft\u0131rmada malik lehine getirilen usule ili\u015fkin g\u00fcvenceleri bertaraf etmemekte; yaln\u0131zca bu usullerin i\u015fletilmesinden \u00f6nce idareye, kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak ta\u015f\u0131nmaza el koyma imk\u00e2n\u0131 tan\u0131maktad\u0131r. Ta\u015f\u0131nmaza el konulduktan sonra idare taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ncelikle sat\u0131n alma yolunun i\u015fletilmesi, bunun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamamas\u0131 durumunda ise asliye hukuk mahkemesinde bedel tespiti ve tescil davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bu davada belirlenecek bedelin elkoyma istemiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davada belirlenen bedelden y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 durumunda aradaki fark idare taraf\u0131ndan malike, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131 durumunda ise malik taraf\u0131ndan idareye \u00f6denir (Ali H\u0131d\u0131r Akyol ve di\u011ferleri, \u00a7 33).<\/p>\n
11. Bu itibarla acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma usul\u00fcnde, yedi g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde mahkemece verilen ta\u015f\u0131nmaza el koyma karar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n m\u00fclkiyetinin idareye ge\u00e7mesi sonucunu do\u011furmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi yedi g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcrede mahkemece belirlenen ta\u015f\u0131nmaz de\u011feri de nihai kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedeli niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131mamaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma usul\u00fcnde elkoyma karar\u0131 ile ta\u015f\u0131nmaz de\u011ferinin tespiti ge\u00e7ici niteliktedir.<\/p>\n
12. Acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma karar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7ici niteli\u011fi nedeniyle idare, kamula\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrecini tamamlamak zorundad\u0131r. S\u00fcrecin tamamlanmas\u0131 ise idarenin makul s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde \u00f6ncelikle ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 sat\u0131n almay\u0131 denemesi, bunun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde ise asliye hukuk mahkemesinde bedel tespiti ve tescil davas\u0131 a\u00e7mas\u0131 ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
13. Kanun\u2019da an\u0131lan i\u015flemlerin ne kadar s\u00fcrede tamamlanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dair bir d\u00fczenleme yer almamaktad\u0131r. Ancak bu s\u00fcre uygulamada alt\u0131 ay olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu s\u00fcrede bedel tespiti ve tescil davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmamas\u0131 durumunda ise acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131z el atmaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz malikinin bu sebebe dayal\u0131 tazminat davas\u0131 a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131n\u0131n do\u011faca\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmektedir (di\u011ferleri aras\u0131ndan bkz. Yarg\u0131tay 5. Hukuk Dairesi, E.2008\/8776, K.2008\/13436, 30\/10\/2008; E.2011\/7489, K. 2011\/16045, 12\/10\/2011).<\/p>\n
B. Anlam ve Kapsam<\/p>\n
14. 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 31. maddesinde kamula\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrecindeki yasak i\u015fler ve eylemler d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n itiraz konusu (b) bendinde mahkemece s\u00f6z konusu Kanun\u2019un 10. maddesi uyar\u0131nca yap\u0131lan tebligat, davet veya ilanen tebli\u011fden sonra ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n ba\u015fkas\u0131na devir ve fera\u011f veya temlikinin yasak oldu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
15. An\u0131lan maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda mahkemenin, idarenin ba\u015fvuru tarihinden itibaren en ge\u00e7 otuz g\u00fcn sonras\u0131 i\u00e7in belirledi\u011fi duru\u015fma g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc, dava dilek\u00e7esi ve idare taraf\u0131ndan verilen belgelerin birer \u00f6rne\u011fini de ekleyerek me\u015fruhatl\u0131 davetiyeyle veya idarece yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar sonucunda adresleri bulunamayanlara ilan yoluyla tebligat yapmak suretiyle maliki duru\u015fmaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak ki\u015filer bu \u015fekilde yap\u0131lan tebligat, davet veya ilanen tebli\u011fden sonra ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar \u00fczerinde tasarrufta bulunamayacaklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
16. \u0130tiraz konusu ilk kuralda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen yasak, kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tapu kayd\u0131na \u015ferh d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesi suretiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir. Di\u011fer yandan kuralda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen yasa\u011f\u0131n yarg\u0131lama devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcrece uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n kanuni d\u00fczenleme gere\u011fince zorunluluk arz etti\u011fi, kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda yarg\u0131lamay\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten mahkemeye herhangi bir \u015fekilde takdir yetkisi tan\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
17. 27. maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma kapsam\u0131nda mahkemece verilen ta\u015f\u0131nmaza elkoyma karar\u0131n\u0131n tapu m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne bildirilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. F\u0131kran\u0131n dava konusu ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde ise ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n ba\u015fkas\u0131na devir, fera\u011f veya temlikinin yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn tapu k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u015ferh edilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan \u015ferhin ve \u015ferhten kaynakl\u0131 tasarruf yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar s\u00fcreyle devam edece\u011fine dair Kanun\u2019da bir d\u00fczenleme yer almamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
C. \u0130tiraz\u0131n Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
18. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle; itiraz konusu kurallar sebebiyle maliklerin kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmak istenen ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar \u00fczerindeki tasarruf yetkilerinin k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131, devir yasa\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin i\u015flemlere kar\u015f\u0131 bu ki\u015filerin herhangi bir yarg\u0131 yoluna ba\u015fvuramad\u0131klar\u0131, kurallar kapsam\u0131nda tapu kayd\u0131na konulan \u015ferhlerin istisnai durumlarda dahi kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz malikinin birden fazla olmas\u0131 ve baz\u0131 ki\u015filere ula\u015f\u0131lamamas\u0131 durumunda yarg\u0131laman\u0131n uzayabildi\u011fi, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te maliklerin m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131ndan kaynaklanan yetkilerini kullanamamalar\u0131n\u0131n onlar \u00fczerinde a\u011f\u0131r bir k\u00fclfet olu\u015fturdu\u011fu belirtilerek kurallar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 35. ve 36. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u00c7. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
19. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesinde \u201cHerkes, m\u00fclkiyet ve miras haklar\u0131na sahiptir.\/Bu haklar, ancak kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131yla, kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir.\/ M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 toplum yarar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u201d denilmektedir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesiyle g\u00fcvenceye ba\u011flanan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131, ekonomik de\u011fer ifade eden ve parayla de\u011ferlendirilebilen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.2015\/39, K.2015\/62, 1\/7\/2015, \u00a7 20). Kamula\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n konusunu olu\u015fturan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda oldu\u011fu hususunda teredd\u00fct bulunmamaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
20. M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131, ki\u015fiye ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n hakk\u0131na zarar vermemek ve kanunlar\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara uymak ko\u015fuluyla sahibi oldu\u011fu \u015feyi diledi\u011fi gibi kullanma, onun semerelerinden yararlanma ve tasarruf etme imk\u00e2n\u0131 veren bir hakt\u0131r (Mehmet Akdo\u011fan ve di\u011ferleri, B. No: 2013\/817, 19\/12\/2013, \u00a7 32). Bu ba\u011flamda malikin m\u00fclk\u00fcnden yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 veya m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fc kullanma, onun semerelerinden yararlanma ve m\u00fclk\u00fc \u00fczerinde tasarruf etme yetkilerinden herhangi birinin k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rlama olu\u015fturur (Recep Tarhan ve Afife Tarhan, B. No: 2014\/1546, 2\/2\/2017, \u00a7 53).<\/p>\n
21. Kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilen ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n devir veya temlikini yasaklayan itiraz konusu kurallar, malikin o ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerindeki tasarruf yetkisini k\u0131s\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r. Bu itibarla kurallarla m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirilmektedir.<\/p>\n
22. M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirilirken temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin genel ilkeleri d\u00fczenleyen Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinin g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
23. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde \u201cTemel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler, \u00f6zlerine dokunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca Anayasan\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar, Anayasan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin ve l\u00e2ik Cumhuriyetin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u201d denilmektedir.<\/p>\n
24. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesi uyar\u0131nca m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131, Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen nedenlere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir.<\/p>\n
25. Anayasa Mahkemesinin s\u0131k\u00e7a vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi temel haklar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlayan kanunun \u015feklen var olmas\u0131 yeterli olmay\u0131p yasal kurallar\u0131n keyf\u00eeli\u011fe izin vermeyecek \u015fekilde belirli, ula\u015f\u0131labilir ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir d\u00fczenlemeler niteli\u011finde olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
26. Esasen temel haklar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlayan kanunun bu niteliklere sahip olmas\u0131, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nan hukuk devleti ilkesinin de bir gere\u011fidir. Hukuk devletinin temel unsurlar\u0131ndan olan hukuki belirlilik ilkesi uyar\u0131nca kanuni d\u00fczenlemelerin hem ki\u015filer hem de idare y\u00f6n\u00fcnden herhangi bir duraksamaya ve ku\u015fkuya yer vermeyecek \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k, net, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r, uygulanabilir ve nesnel olmas\u0131, ayr\u0131ca kamu otoritelerinin keyf\u00ee uygulamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu \u00f6nlem i\u00e7ermesi gerekir. Kanunda bulunmas\u0131 gereken bu nitelikler hukuki g\u00fcvenli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da zorunludur. Zira bu ilke hukuk normlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131, bireylerin t\u00fcm eylem ve i\u015flemlerinde devlete g\u00fcven duyabilmesini, devletin de yasal d\u00fczenlemelerinde bu g\u00fcven duygusunu zedeleyici y\u00f6ntemlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lar (AYM, E.2015\/41, K.2017\/98, 4\/5\/2017, \u00a7\u00a7 153, 154). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 35. maddelerinde s\u0131n\u0131rlama \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc olarak belirtilen kanunilik, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nan hukuk devleti ilkesi \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yorumlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
27. Kurallarda, kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilen ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 10. maddesi gere\u011fince yap\u0131lan tebligat, davet veya ilanen tebli\u011f sonras\u0131nda devir ve fera\u011f veya temlikinin yasak oldu\u011fu, acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma h\u00e2llerinde ise mahkemece verilen ta\u015f\u0131nmaza el koyma karar\u0131 \u00fczerine ayn\u0131 nitelikteki yasa\u011f\u0131n tapu k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u015ferh edilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede kurallar\u0131n hem ki\u015filer hem de idare y\u00f6n\u00fcnden herhangi bir duraksamaya ve ku\u015fkuya yer vermeyecek \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k, net ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r nitelikte oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kurallar\u0131n kanunilik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
28. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin yaln\u0131zca Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesinde ise m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
29. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 46. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, idarelerin \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyette bulunan bir ta\u015f\u0131nmaza s\u00f6z konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 kamu hizmetine tahsis etmek amac\u0131yla tek tarafl\u0131 bir iradeyle el koymas\u0131d\u0131r. Kamula\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n amac\u0131 kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmektir (AYM, E.2014\/177, K.2015\/49, 14\/5\/2015).<\/p>\n
30. Kurallar\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrecinde ta\u015f\u0131nmaz malikinin de\u011fi\u015fmesinin \u00f6nlenerek kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemlerinin daha seri ve h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, b\u00f6ylelikle kamula\u015ft\u0131rmaya konu yerin k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede kamu hizmetine tahsis edilmesini sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla ihdas edildikleri anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kurallar\u0131n kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
31. Bununla birlikte m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n kanunilik ve me\u015fru ama\u00e7 \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 yeterli olmay\u0131p ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi elveri\u015flilik, gereklilik ve orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 alt ilkeden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Elveri\u015flilik \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131n\u0131, gereklilik ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n zorunlu olmas\u0131n\u0131 di\u011fer bir ifadeyle ayn\u0131 amaca daha hafif bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama ile ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131n\u0131, orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k ise hakka getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlama ile ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 aras\u0131nda makul bir dengenin g\u00f6zetilmesi gereklili\u011fini ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n
32. Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemine konu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede kamu hizmetine tahsis edilmesini sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla kurallar kapsam\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen devir ve temlik yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n an\u0131lan me\u015fru amaca ula\u015fma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan elveri\u015fli oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
33. \u00d6te yandan kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemlerinin k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in al\u0131nacak \u00f6nlemler hususundaki takdir yetkisi kanun koyucuya aittir. Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrecinin uzamas\u0131na neden olabilecek durumlar\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda tapuda malik de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin \u00f6nlenmesinin de s\u00f6z konusu tedbirler kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n devrinin, fera\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve temlikinin yasaklanmas\u0131 yerine sadece ta\u015f\u0131nmaza ili\u015fkin olarak kamula\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrecinin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tapu k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn beyanlar hanesine i\u015flenerek alenile\u015ftirilmesi ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir ara\u00e7 m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na daha hafif bir m\u00fcdahale olu\u015ftursa da bu arac\u0131n malikin de\u011fi\u015fmesini engelleyememesi nedeniyle devir, fera\u011f ve temlik yasa\u011f\u0131 kadar etkili sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmayaca\u011f\u0131 ve kamula\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrecinin h\u0131zl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde tamamlanmas\u0131 amac\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 temin etmeyebilece\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kurallarda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen devir, fera\u011f ve temlik yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu amaca ula\u015fma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan gerekli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da s\u00f6ylenmez.<\/p>\n
34. M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olabilmesi i\u00e7in orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k ilkesi gere\u011fince \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlama ile elde edilmek istenen me\u015fru ama\u00e7 aras\u0131nda adil ve makul bir denge g\u00f6zetilmelidir. Bu nedenle kurallarda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n, kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131n gerekleri ile bireyin haklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kurulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan adil dengeyi bireyler aleyhine a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 k\u00fclfet y\u00fckleyecek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bozmamas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
35. Kurallarla malikin kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerindeki hukuki tasarruf yetkisi elinden al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Kanun\u2019un 25. maddesinde haklar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131n yerine getirilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015fleminin mal sahibi i\u00e7in 10. madde uyar\u0131nca mahkemece yap\u0131lan tebligatla ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131, m\u00fclkiyetin idareye ge\u00e7mesinin mahkemece verilen tescil karar\u0131yla olaca\u011f\u0131, mahkemece verilen tescil karar\u0131 tarihinden itibaren ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal sahibinin, kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131nmazda yeni in\u015faat veya ekim yapmak veya mevcut in\u015faatta esasl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikler meydana getirmek gibi kullanma haklar\u0131n\u0131n kalkaca\u011f\u0131, bundan sonra yap\u0131lanlar\u0131n de\u011ferinin dikkate al\u0131nmayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu itibarla 31. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendiyle bedel tespiti ve tescil davas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde malikin tasarruf yetkisine yaln\u0131zca devir, fera\u011f ve temlik y\u00f6n\u00fcyle k\u0131s\u0131tlama getirilmekte olup bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te malikin ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerindeki fiil\u00ee tasarruf yetkisi devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n
36. Bunun yan\u0131nda acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rmada pazarl\u0131k s\u00fcreci hen\u00fcz ba\u015flamadan malikin ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerindeki tasarruf yetkisi k\u0131s\u0131tlanmaktad\u0131r. Ancak bu usulde fiil\u00ee el koyma \u00f6ncesinde acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rmaya konu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n kanunda belirtilen usule g\u00f6re mahkemece belirlenen de\u011feri idare taraf\u0131ndan mal sahibi ad\u0131na bankaya yat\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma usul\u00fcnde ola\u011fan kamula\u015ft\u0131rmada malik lehine getirilen usule ili\u015fkin g\u00fcvenceler bertaraf edilmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131nmaza el konulduktan sonra idarece makul s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde \u00f6ncelikle sat\u0131n alma yolunun i\u015fletilmesi, bunun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamamas\u0131 durumunda ise asliye hukuk mahkemesinde bedel tespiti ve tescil davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Kanun\u2019da an\u0131lan i\u015flemlerin ne kadar s\u00fcrede tamamlanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dair bir d\u00fczenleme yer almamakla birlikte bu s\u00fcre uygulamada alt\u0131 ay olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu s\u00fcrede bedel tespiti ve tescil davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmamas\u0131 durumunda ise idarenin daha \u00f6nce mahkeme karar\u0131na istinaden ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi el koyma i\u015fleminin hukuki dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kalkaca\u011f\u0131 ve bu s\u00fcreden sonraki el koyman\u0131n hukuka ve Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak el atma h\u00e2line d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi kabul edilmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca Anayasa\u2019ya ve kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde kamula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131z olarak el at\u0131lan bir ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n malike iadesini sa\u011flayan ve\/veya malikin bu s\u00fcrede ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan mahrum kalm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 sebebiyle olu\u015fan zarar da dahil olmak \u00fczere malike tazminat talep etme imk\u00e2n\u0131 sunan hukuk yollar\u0131 da mevcuttur.<\/p>\n
37. Devletin \u00f6zel m\u00fclke konu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n kamu hizmetine tahsis edilebilmesi s\u00fcrecinde i\u015flemin h\u0131zl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar \u00fczerinde birtak\u0131m k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar \u00f6ng\u00f6rmesi do\u011fald\u0131r. Ancak bu s\u00fcrecin ki\u015filer i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemez ve belirsiz bir \u015fekilde uzamamas\u0131 gerekir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kamula\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrecinin bir an \u00f6nce sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131larak bu yerlerin kamunun m\u00fclkiyetine ge\u00e7irilmesini sa\u011flayacak d\u00fczenlemeler ile kurallar kapsam\u0131ndaki devir yasa\u011f\u0131 kamula\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrecinin belirsiz h\u00e2le gelmesini engelleyecek tedbirlerin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesi, kamula\u015ft\u0131rmada hedeflenen kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131n\u0131n da bir unsurunu olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Aksi durum ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal sahipleri \u00fczerinde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfete neden olabilecektir.<\/p>\n
38. Bu itibarla kurallardan kaynaklanan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n ki\u015fi aleyhine sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in kamula\u015ft\u0131rma ve dava s\u00fcreci ile devir, fera\u011f ve temlik yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak mekanizmalar\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
39. Kanun\u2019un 10. maddesinde, kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedelinin tespiti ve tescil davas\u0131 ile \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen devir, fera\u011f ve temlik yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede sona erdirilmesi i\u00e7in birtak\u0131m d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan maddenin be\u015finci f\u0131kras\u0131nda mahkemece belirlenen g\u00fcnde yap\u0131lacak duru\u015fmada h\u00e2kimin ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n bedeli konusunda taraflar\u0131 anla\u015fmaya davet edece\u011fi, taraflar\u0131n bedelde anla\u015fmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde ise h\u00e2kimin taraflarca anla\u015f\u0131lan bu bedeli kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedeli olarak kabul edece\u011fi, aksi durumda ise h\u00e2kimin en ge\u00e7 on g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde ke\u015fif ve otuz g\u00fcn sonras\u0131 i\u00e7in de duru\u015fma g\u00fcn\u00fc tayin edece\u011fi ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede de ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n de\u011ferinin tespiti i\u00e7in mahallinde ke\u015fif yapaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
40. An\u0131lan maddenin yedinci ve sekizinci f\u0131kralar\u0131nda ise bilirki\u015filerin raporlar\u0131n\u0131 on be\u015f g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde mahkemeye sunacaklar\u0131, bir sonraki duru\u015fmada rapora kar\u015f\u0131 beyan ve itirazlar\u0131n al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131, bedelde anla\u015fma sa\u011flanamamas\u0131 durumunda on be\u015f g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmak \u00fczere yeni bir rapor al\u0131narak kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedelinin tespit edilece\u011fi, s\u00f6z konusu bedelin bankaya yat\u0131r\u0131lmak \u00fczere idareye -en fazla bir kez uzat\u0131lmak \u015fart\u0131yla- on be\u015f g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcre verilece\u011fi, kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedelinin hak sahibi ad\u0131na yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ya da hak sahibinin belli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumda bloke edilmesi \u00fczerine ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n idare ad\u0131na tesciline karar verilece\u011fi, mahkemenin tescil h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn kesin nitelikte oldu\u011fu, taraflar\u0131n bedele ili\u015fkin istinaf veya temyiz talebinde bulunmalar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu, maddede \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen i\u015flemlerin mahkemenin davetine uymayanlar oldu\u011fu takdirde ilgilinin yoklu\u011funda yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
41. \u00d6te yandan kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemine kar\u015f\u0131 idari yarg\u0131da iptal davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n bedel tespiti ve tescil davas\u0131 ve bu kapsamda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen devir ve temlik yasa\u011f\u0131na etkisi ile ilgili olarak maddenin on d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda idari yarg\u0131 merciince y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin durdurulmas\u0131 karar\u0131 verilmesi h\u00e2linde mahkemenin iptal davas\u0131n\u0131 bekletici mesele yapaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin durdurulmas\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n verilmemesi durumunda mahkemenin kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedelinin tespiti ve tescil davas\u0131n\u0131 sonu\u00e7land\u0131rabilece\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
42. Ayr\u0131ca Kanun\u2019da idari yarg\u0131da g\u00f6r\u00fclecek davan\u0131n k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik d\u00fczenlemelere de yer verilmi\u015ftir. 14. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re kamula\u015ft\u0131rmaya konu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n maliki taraf\u0131ndan 10. madde gere\u011fince mahkemece yap\u0131lan tebligat g\u00fcn\u00fcnden, kendilerine tebligat yap\u0131lamayanlara tebligat yerine ge\u00e7mek \u00fczere mahkemece gazete ile yap\u0131lan ilan tarihinden itibaren otuz g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemine kar\u015f\u0131 idari yarg\u0131da iptal davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
43. An\u0131lan maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda da iptal davas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncelikle g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca 6\/1\/1982 tarihli ve 2577 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130dari Yarg\u0131lama Usul\u00fc Kanunu\u2019nun 20\/A maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinde acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ivedi yarg\u0131lama usul\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f ve s\u00f6z konusu maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda davan\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131na ili\u015fkin belirli s\u00fcreler \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
44. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedelinin tespiti ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n idare ad\u0131na tescili ile ilgili mahkeme s\u00fcrecinin k\u0131sa zamanda sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla Kanun\u2019da birtak\u0131m g\u00fcvenceler \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
45. Di\u011fer yandan acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma usul\u00fcnde idarenin istemi ile mahkemece yedi g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde o ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n kanunda belirtilen usule g\u00f6re bilirki\u015filerce tespit edilecek de\u011feri idare taraf\u0131ndan mal sahibi ad\u0131na bankaya yat\u0131r\u0131larak o ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mala el konulabilmektedir. Bu itibarla acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma durumunda malike kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak ta\u015f\u0131nmaza ili\u015fkin bir \u00f6deme de yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
46. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kurallarda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik s\u0131n\u0131rlamada maliklere makul olmayan bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklenmedi\u011fi, bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede kurallarla ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen kamu yarar\u0131 ile m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin ki\u015fisel yarar aras\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131 gereken makul dengenin g\u00f6zetildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu itibarla kurallarla m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc oldu\u011fu sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
47. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kurallar, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 35. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ptali talebinin reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Engin YILDIRIM, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ ve Selahaddin MENTE\u015e bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kurallar\u0131n Anayasa’n\u0131n 36. maddesiyle ilgisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
IV. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
4\/11\/1983 tarihli ve 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma Kanunu\u2019nun;<\/p>\n
A. 27. maddesine 19\/4\/2018 tarihli ve 7139 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 29. maddesiyle eklenen ikinci f\u0131kran\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinin,<\/p>\n
B. 24\/4\/2001 tarihli ve 4650 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 18. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 31. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinin,<\/p>\n
Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131klar\u0131na ve itiraz\u0131n REDD\u0130NE Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Engin YILDIRIM, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ ile Selahaddin MENTE\u015e\u2019in kar\u015f\u0131oylar\u0131 ve OY\u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA 5\/11\/2024 tarihinde karar verildi.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Metin KIRATLI<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/p>\n
1. \u0130ncelemeye konu ilk kural 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 27. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma usul\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda mahkemece ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mala y\u00f6nelik verilen el koyma karar\u0131 \u00fczerine s\u00f6z konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n ba\u015fkas\u0131na devir, fera\u011f veya temlikinin \u00f6nlenmesine ili\u015fkin \u015ferh konulmas\u0131na ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
2. Kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u015fekliyle acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma ta\u015f\u0131nmaza m\u00fclkiyetin idare ad\u0131na tescilinden \u00f6nce el konulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Ancak bu halde el koymadan sonra tespit edilen bedelle ilgili taraflar aras\u0131nda anla\u015fma sa\u011flanamamas\u0131 durumunda ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin ola\u011fan usul\u00fcn y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi gerekir. Bu kapsamda idare taraf\u0131ndan asliye hukuk mahkemesinde a\u00e7\u0131lan bedel tespiti ve tescil davas\u0131 ile kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemi sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. \u0130ptal istemine konu ikinci kural ise Kanun\u2019un 10. maddesi gere\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131lan bedel tespiti ve tescil davas\u0131nda mahkemece yap\u0131lan tebligat, davet veya ilanen tebli\u011fden sonra ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n ba\u015fkas\u0131na devir ve fera\u011f veya temlikini yasaklayan Kanun\u2019un 31. maddenin (b) f\u0131kras\u0131ndaki d\u00fczenlemedir.<\/p>\n
4. Acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rmadan sonra ola\u011fan kamula\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrecinin ne zaman ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131 hususunda Kanun\u2019da bir d\u00fczenleme yer almamakla birlikte Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131nda acele el koyma karar\u0131ndan sonra, Kanun\u2019un 10. maddesine dayanan tespit ve tescil davas\u0131 a\u00e7mas\u0131 i\u00e7in idareye tan\u0131nan makul s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mesine ra\u011fmen davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmamas\u0131 halinde idarenin el koyma i\u015fleminin kamula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131z el atmaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan kararlarda kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bedel tespiti ve tescil davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in makul s\u00fcrenin 6 ay oldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015ftir (Yarg\u0131tay 5. Hukuk Dairesi, E.2011\/7489, K. 2011\/16045 ; E. 2008\/8776, K.2008\/13436).<\/p>\n
5. Uygulamada Kanun\u2019un 10. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen ola\u011fan kamula\u015ft\u0131rma ile 27. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin birbiriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olacak \u015fekilde bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak i\u015fletildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma kapsam\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 27. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n dava konusu ikinci c\u00fcmlesi gere\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131nmaz kayd\u0131na konulan \u015ferh ile ola\u011fan kamula\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrecinin ba\u015flamas\u0131yla yani bedel tespit ve tescil davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131yla Kanun\u2019un dava konusu 31\/b maddesi gere\u011fince uygulanan \u015ferhin birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
6. Kurallar belirtilen d\u00f6nemlerde kamula\u015ft\u0131rmaya konu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye devir ve temliki hususunda mutlak bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirmektedir. Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle kurallarda yasa\u011f\u0131n yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcreciyle birlikte devam edece\u011finin kategorik olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ten ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak, yasa\u011f\u0131n belli bir s\u00fcre devam etmesini ya da belli durumlarda kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan imkanlara yer verilmedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca itiraz ba\u015fvurusuna konu olayda oldu\u011fu gibi k\u0131smi kamula\u015ft\u0131rmalarda -bir \u00e7ok Yarg\u0131tay karar\u0131nda belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere- idare taraf\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n ifraz edilerek kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan k\u0131sma \u015ferh konulmas\u0131 imk\u00e2n\u0131 oldu\u011fu halde ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tamam\u0131 \u00fczerine \u015ferh konulmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen bir g\u00fcvenceye de Kanunda ya da farkl\u0131 mevzuatta yer verilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
7. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle kamula\u015ft\u0131rma karar\u0131n\u0131n idari yarg\u0131da iptal edilmesi durumunda yarg\u0131lama ve devir yasa\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrecinin belirsiz bir \u015fekilde uzamas\u0131 malikler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfete neden olabilecektir. Bunlardan \u00f6te kanundan kaynaklanan devir ve temlik yasa\u011f\u0131yla ilgili mahkemenin takdir yetkisinin bulunmamas\u0131 ve bu karara kar\u015f\u0131 yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak itirazlardan etkili bir sonu\u00e7 al\u0131namamas\u0131, yine belli durumlarda \u015ferhin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 imkan\u0131n\u0131n ya da yasa\u011f\u0131n azami bir s\u00fcreyle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmemesi hususlar\u0131 da dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durum malik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan herhangi bir zarar olu\u015fmasa dahi tasarruf yetkisinin belirsiz ve uzun s\u00fcrelerle k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131, kamula\u015ft\u0131rmadan beklenen kamu yarar\u0131 ile malikin m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131ndan kaynaklanan yarar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki makul dengeyi malik aleyhine ortadan kald\u0131racakt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kurallar kapsam\u0131nda kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemine konu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerinde getirilen devir ve temlik yasa\u011f\u0131yla m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirildi\u011fi i\u00e7in iptali gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndeyim.<\/p>\n
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Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
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KAR\u015eIOY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/p>\n
1. \u0130tiraz konusu kurallar kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilen ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n devir veya temlikini yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan malikin o ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerindeki tasarruf yetkisini k\u0131s\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r. Bu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 10. maddesi gere\u011fince yap\u0131lan tebligat, davet veya ilanen tebli\u011f sonras\u0131nda devir ve fera\u011f veya temlikinin yasak oldu\u011fu, acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma h\u00e2llerinde ise mahkemece verilen ta\u015f\u0131nmaza el koyma karar\u0131 \u00fczerine ayn\u0131 nitelikteki yasa\u011f\u0131n tapu k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u015ferh edilece\u011fi kurallarca \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kurallar m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirmektedir.<\/p>\n
2. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesinde \u201cHerkes, m\u00fclkiyet ve miras haklar\u0131na sahiptir. Bu haklar, ancak kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131yla, kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir.\/ M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 toplum yarar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u201d denilmektedir. Buna g\u00f6re m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131, Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen nedenlere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir.<\/p>\n
3. M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131, ki\u015fiye ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n hakk\u0131na zarar vermemek ve kanunlar\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara uymak ko\u015fuluyla sahibi oldu\u011fu \u015feyi diledi\u011fi gibi kullanma, onun semerelerinden yararlanma ve tasarruf etme imk\u00e2n\u0131 veren bir hakt\u0131r (Mehmet Akdo\u011fan ve di\u011ferleri, B. No: 2013\/817, 19\/12\/2013, \u00a7 32). Bu ba\u011flamda malikin m\u00fclk\u00fcnden yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 veya m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fc kullanma, onun semerelerinden yararlanma ve m\u00fclk\u00fc \u00fczerinde tasarruf etme yetkilerinden herhangi birinin k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rlama olu\u015fturur (Recep Tarhan ve Afife Tarhan, B. No: 2014\/1546, 2\/2\/2017, \u00a7 53).<\/p>\n
4. M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirilirken temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin genel ilkeleri d\u00fczenleyen Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinin de g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
5. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde \u201cTemel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler, \u00f6zlerine dokunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca Anayasan\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar, Anayasan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin ve l\u00e2ik Cumhuriyetin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u201d denilmektedir.<\/p>\n
6. Dava konusu kurallarla m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n kanunilik ve me\u015fru ama\u00e7 \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Ancak kurallar\u0131n ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 da beklenir.<\/p>\n
7. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi elveri\u015flilik, gereklilik ve orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 alt ilkeden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Elveri\u015flilik \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131n\u0131, gereklilik ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n zorunlu olmas\u0131n\u0131 di\u011fer bir ifadeyle ayn\u0131 amaca daha hafif bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama ile ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131n\u0131, orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k ise hakka getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlama ile ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 aras\u0131nda makul bir dengenin g\u00f6zetilmesi gereklili\u011fini ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n
8. Kurallarda belirtilen \u015ferh, devir ve temliki tamamen engelleyen bir \u015ferh \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Ancak tapu sicilinde ta\u015f\u0131nmaz ile ilgili olarak kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemi yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren ve sicilde i\u015flem yapmak isteyen ki\u015filerin bu hususu bilmelerini sa\u011flayan bir \u015ferh konulmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesinin, malik de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi durumunda ise yeni malik aleyhine davaya devam olunabilmesi imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131n kurallarda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ve b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle devir ve temliki engelleyen \u015ferhe g\u00f6re daha hafif bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama arac\u0131 niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle kurallar\u0131n ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek bak\u0131m\u0131ndan gereklilik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00f6ylenebilir. Bunun bir sonucu olarak kurallarla m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
9. Belirtilen gerek\u00e7elerle dava konusu kurallar, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 35. maddeleriyle ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7o\u011funluk karar\u0131na kat\u0131lmad\u0131m.<\/p>\n
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\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
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KAR\u015eIOY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/p>\n
1. Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun 4\/11\/1983 tarihli ve 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma Kanunu\u2019nun 27. maddesine 19\/4\/2018 tarihli ve 7139 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 29. maddesiyle eklenen ikinci f\u0131kran\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinin ve 24\/4\/2001 tarihli ve 4650 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 18. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 31. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 35. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feklindeki kararlar\u0131na kat\u0131lmamaktay\u0131m.<\/p>\n
2. Bu dosyadaki ilk kural olan Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma Kanunu\u2019nun 27. maddesinde bu madde kapsam\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rmalarda mahkemece verilen ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mala el koyma karar\u0131n\u0131n tapu m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne bildirilece\u011fi belirtildikten sonra ikinci f\u0131kran\u0131n dava konusu ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n ba\u015fkas\u0131na devir, fera\u011f veya temlikinin yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn tapu k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u015ferh edilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
3. Dava konusu ikinci kural\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 31. maddesinde kamula\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrecindeki yasak i\u015fler ve eylemler d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup bu maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n dava konusu (b) bendinde mahkemece 10. madde uyar\u0131nca yap\u0131lan tebligat, davet veya ilanen tebli\u011fden sonra ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n ba\u015fkas\u0131na devir ve fera\u011f veya temlikinin yasak oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
4. Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 46. maddesi gere\u011fince idarenin ki\u015filerin \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetinde bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131n gerektirmesi durumunda ve ger\u00e7ek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 pe\u015fin olarak \u00f6deyerek kamula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bununla ilgili usul ve esaslar da 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
5. Ancak bu hukuki s\u00fcre\u00e7 belli bir zaman alabilmektedir. Bunun i\u00e7in bazen idarenin daha \u00f6ncelikli olarak ki\u015filerin ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duymas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yolu ile yine hukuka uygun bi\u00e7imde hareket edilerek ki\u015filerin ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131 idarece kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir. Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma Kanunu\u2019nun 27. maddesi bu hukuki imkan\u0131 idareye vermektedir.<\/p>\n
6. Anayasa Mahkemesinin ifade etti\u011fi \u00fczere acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemlerinin neticelenmesini beklemeden kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131nmaza el koyma imk\u00e2n\u0131 tan\u0131yan ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir kamula\u015ft\u0131rma usul\u00fcd\u00fcr. Acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma usul\u00fc ile idarenin hemen ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrecinin sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131n\u0131n beklenmesi kamu hizmetlerinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinde ciddi aksamalara yol a\u00e7madan kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda Kanun\u2019un 27. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re aciliyetine Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nca karar al\u0131nacak h\u00e2llerde gerekli olan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda k\u0131ymet takdiri d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki i\u015flemler sonradan tamamlanmak \u00fczere idarenin istemi ile mahkemece yedi g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde o ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n kanunda belirtilen usule g\u00f6re bilirki\u015filerce tespit edilecek de\u011feri idare taraf\u0131ndan mal sahibi ad\u0131na bankaya yat\u0131r\u0131larak o ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mala el konulabilecektir (Ali H\u0131d\u0131r Akyol ve di\u011ferleri [GK], B. No: 2015\/17510, 18\/10\/2017, \u00a7\u00a7 31, 32).<\/p>\n
7. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma usul\u00fc, ola\u011fan kamula\u015ft\u0131rmada malik lehine getirilen usule ili\u015fkin g\u00fcvenceleri bertaraf etmemekte; yaln\u0131zca bu usullerin i\u015fletilmesinden \u00f6nce idareye, kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak ta\u015f\u0131nmaza el koyma imk\u00e2n\u0131 tan\u0131maktad\u0131r. Ta\u015f\u0131nmaza el konulduktan sonra idare taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ncelikle sat\u0131n alma yolunun i\u015fletilmesi, bunun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamamas\u0131 durumunda ise asliye hukuk mahkemesinde bedel tespiti ve tescil davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bu davada belirlenecek bedelin elkoyma istemiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davada belirlenen bedelden y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 durumunda aradaki fark, idare taraf\u0131ndan malike; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131 durumunda ise malik taraf\u0131ndan idareye \u00f6denir (Ali H\u0131d\u0131r Akyol ve di\u011ferleri, \u00a7 33).<\/p>\n
8. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rlama getiren dava konusu kurallar\u0131n acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrecinde kamula\u015ft\u0131rmaya konu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n malikinin de\u011fi\u015fmesini engelleyerek daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrecini sa\u011flamay\u0131 hedefleyen me\u015fru bir amac\u0131 olduklar\u0131 a\u015fikard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
9. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesi ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi ile ilgili yap\u0131lan denetimde de kurallar\u0131n bu amaca ula\u015fma noktas\u0131nda elveri\u015fli oldu\u011fu kabul edilebilir ise de kurallar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz maliklerinin m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik getirdikleri s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n gerekli oldu\u011fu noktas\u0131nda sorun oldu\u011fu kanaatindeyim.<\/p>\n
10. M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rlama getiren kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin gereklili\u011fi ba\u011flam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan Anayasa\u2019ya uygunluk denetiminde hedeflenen amaca daha hafif m\u00fcdahalelerin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
11. Dava konusu kurallar ba\u011flam\u0131nda temel hedef olan idarenin bir an \u00f6nce acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma konusu olan ta\u015f\u0131nmaza ula\u015fabilmesi noktas\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131nmaza \u015ferh konulmas\u0131 ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz sahibinin de\u011fi\u015fmesinin engellenmesi tedbiri bu me\u015fru amaca ula\u015fma hususunda ki\u015filerin m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na gereksiz bir m\u00fcdahale olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Zira acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrecinde malik el de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011finde dahi yeni malik aleyhine davaya devam edilebilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir. Bu bi\u00e7imdeki bir durumda da acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rmadaki nihai amaca ula\u015fmada pek de ciddi sorunlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olmayabilir.<\/p>\n
12. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrecinde bahse konu ta\u015f\u0131nmazla ilgili acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrecinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6steren ve b\u00f6ylece ilgililerce bilinmesini sa\u011flayan usullerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ihtimal dahilinde iken ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n ba\u015fkas\u0131na devir, fera\u011f veya temlikinin yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn tapu k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u015ferh konulmas\u0131 ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n ba\u015fkas\u0131na devir ve fera\u011f veya temlikinin yasaklanmas\u0131 bi\u00e7imindeki dava konusu kurallar \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen amaca ula\u015fma noktas\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131r m\u00fcdahaleler niteli\u011finde olduklar\u0131ndan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesinin ikinci alt ilkesi olan gereklilik ko\u015fulunu sa\u011flamaktan uzakt\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
13. \u00d6te yandan dava konusu kurallar k\u0131smi kamula\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00f6z konusu olan durumlarda yine gereklilik boyutu ile ki\u015filerin m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirmekte olup ki\u015filerin ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n\u0131n acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rmaya konu olmayan k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n tasarruf imkan\u0131n\u0131 da a\u011f\u0131r bi\u00e7imde g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirmektedir.<\/p>\n
14. Sonu\u00e7 olarak yukar\u0131da s\u0131ralanan gerek\u00e7elerle 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma Kanunu\u2019nun 27. maddesine 19\/4\/2018 tarihli ve 7139 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 29. maddesiyle eklenen ikinci f\u0131kran\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinin ve 24\/4\/2001 tarihli ve 4650 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 18. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 31. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 35. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in iptali gerekti\u011fi kanaatinde oldu\u011fumdan \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun aksi y\u00f6ndeki karar\u0131na kat\u0131lmamaktay\u0131m.<\/p>\n
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\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
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KAR\u015eI OY<\/p>\n
1. 4\/11\/1983 tarihli ve 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma Kanunu\u2019nun; 27. maddesine 19\/4\/2018 tarihli ve 7139 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 29. maddesiyle eklenen ikinci f\u0131kran\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinin, ve 24\/4\/2001 tarihli ve 4650 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 18. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 31. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinin, Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve itiraz\u0131n reddine say\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funluk\u00e7a karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gerek\u00e7elerle say\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lm\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n
3. Mahkemenin karar\u0131nda, iptal istemi, h\u00fckme itiraz gerek\u00e7eleri \u00f6zetlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
4. Kanun\u2019un 31. maddesinde kamula\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrecindeki yasak i\u015fler ve eylemler d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n itiraz konusu (b) bendinde mahkemece 10. madde uyar\u0131nca yap\u0131lan tebligat, davet veya ilanen tebli\u011fden sonra ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n ba\u015fkas\u0131na devir ve fera\u011f veya temlikinin yasak oldu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
5. Kanun\u2019un 10. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda mahkemenin, idarenin ba\u015fvuru tarihinden itibaren en ge\u00e7 otuz g\u00fcn sonras\u0131 i\u00e7in belirledi\u011fi duru\u015fma g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc, dava dilek\u00e7esi ve idare taraf\u0131ndan verilen belgelerin birer \u00f6rne\u011fini de ekleyerek me\u015fruhatl\u0131 davetiye ile veya idarece yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar sonucunda adresleri bulunamayanlara ilan yoluyla tebligat yapmak suretiyle maliki duru\u015fmaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak ki\u015filer, bu \u015fekilde yap\u0131lan tebligat, davet veya ilanen tebli\u011fden sonra ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar \u00fczerinde tasarrufta bulunamayacaklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
6. \u0130tiraz konusu ilk kuralda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen yasak, kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tapu kayd\u0131na \u015ferh d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesi suretiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir. Di\u011fer yandan kuralda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen yasa\u011f\u0131n, yarg\u0131lama devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcrece uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n kanuni d\u00fczenleme gere\u011fi zorunluluk arz etti\u011fi, kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda yarg\u0131lamay\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten mahkemeye herhangi bir \u015fekilde takdir yetkisi tan\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
7. Kanun\u2019un 27. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma kapsam\u0131nda mahkemece verilen, ta\u015f\u0131nmaza elkoyma karar\u0131n\u0131n tapu m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne bildirilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. F\u0131kran\u0131n dava konusu ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde ise ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n ba\u015fkas\u0131na devir, fera\u011f veya temlikinin yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn tapu k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u015ferh edilece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan \u015ferhin ve \u015ferhten kaynakl\u0131 tasarruf yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar s\u00fcreyle devam edece\u011fine dair Kanun\u2019da bir d\u00fczenleme yer almamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
8. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesinde \u201cHerkes, m\u00fclkiyet ve miras haklar\u0131na sahiptir.\/ Bu haklar, ancak kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131yla, kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir.\/ M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 toplum yarar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u201d denilmektedir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesiyle g\u00fcvenceye ba\u011flanan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131, ekonomik de\u011fer ifade eden ve parayla de\u011ferlendirilebilen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.2015\/39, K.2015\/62, 1\/7\/2015, \u00a7 20). Kamula\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n konusunu olu\u015fturan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda oldu\u011fu hususunda teredd\u00fct bulunmamaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
9. M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131, ki\u015fiye ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n hakk\u0131na zarar vermemek ve kanunlar\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara uymak ko\u015fuluyla sahibi oldu\u011fu \u015feyi diledi\u011fi gibi kullanma, onun semerelerinden yararlanma ve tasarruf etme imk\u00e2n\u0131 veren bir hakt\u0131r (Mehmet Akdo\u011fan ve di\u011ferleri, B. No: 2013\/817, 19\/12\/2013, \u00a7 32). Bu ba\u011flamda malikin m\u00fclk\u00fcnden yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 veya m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fc kullanma, onun semerelerinden yararlanma ve m\u00fclk\u00fc \u00fczerinde tasarruf etme yetkilerinden herhangi birinin k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rlama olu\u015fturur (Recep Tarhan ve Afife Tarhan, B. No: 2014\/1546, 2\/2\/2017, \u00a7 53).<\/p>\n
10. Kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilen ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n devir veya temlikini yasaklayan itiraz konusu kurallar, malikin o ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerindeki tasarruf yetkisini k\u0131s\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r. Bu itibarla kurallarla m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirilmektedir.<\/p>\n
11. Anayasa’n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla s\u00f6z konusu hakka y\u00f6nelik s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar kanunla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilecektir.<\/p>\n
12. \u00d6te yandan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirilirken temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin genel ilkeleri d\u00fczenleyen Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinin de g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
13. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde \u201cTemel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler, \u00f6zlerine dokunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca Anayasan\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar, Anayasan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin ve l\u00e2ik Cumhuriyetin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u201d denilmektedir.<\/p>\n
14. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesi uyar\u0131nca m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131, Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen nedenlere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir.<\/p>\n
15. Anayasa Mahkemesinin s\u0131k\u00e7a vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi temel haklar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlayan kanunun \u015feklen var olmas\u0131 yeterli olmay\u0131p yasal kurallar\u0131n keyf\u00eeli\u011fe izin vermeyecek \u015fekilde belirli, ula\u015f\u0131labilir ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir d\u00fczenlemeler niteli\u011finde olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
16. Esasen temel haklar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlayan kanunun bu niteliklere sahip olmas\u0131, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nan hukuk devleti ilkesinin de bir gere\u011fidir. Hukuk devletinin temel unsurlar\u0131ndan olan hukuki belirlilik ilkesi uyar\u0131nca kanuni d\u00fczenlemelerin hem ki\u015filer hem de idare y\u00f6n\u00fcnden herhangi bir duraksamaya ve ku\u015fkuya yer vermeyecek \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k, net, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r, uygulanabilir ve nesnel olmas\u0131, ayr\u0131ca kamu otoritelerinin keyf\u00ee uygulamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu \u00f6nlem i\u00e7ermesi gerekir. Kanunda bulunmas\u0131 gereken bu nitelikler hukuki g\u00fcvenli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da zorunludur. Zira bu ilke hukuk normlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131, bireylerin t\u00fcm eylem ve i\u015flemlerinde devlete g\u00fcven duyabilmesini, devletin de yasal d\u00fczenlemelerinde bu g\u00fcven duygusunu zedeleyici y\u00f6ntemlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lar (AYM, E.2015\/41, K.2017\/98, 4\/5\/2017, \u00a7\u00a7 153, 154). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 35. maddelerinde s\u0131n\u0131rlama \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc olarak belirtilen kanunilik, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nan hukuk devleti ilkesi \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yorumlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
17. Kurallarda, kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilen ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 10. maddesi gere\u011fince yap\u0131lan tebligat, davet veya ilanen tebli\u011f sonras\u0131nda devir ve fera\u011f veya temlikinin yasak oldu\u011fu, acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma h\u00e2llerinde ise mahkemece verilen ta\u015f\u0131nmaza el koyma karar\u0131 \u00fczerine ayn\u0131 nitelikteki yasa\u011f\u0131n tapu k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u015ferh edilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede kurallar\u0131n hem ki\u015filer hem de idare y\u00f6n\u00fcnden herhangi bir duraksamaya ve ku\u015fkuya yer vermeyecek \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k, net ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r nitelikte oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kurallar\u0131n kanunilik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
18. \u00d6te yandan Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin yaln\u0131zca Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesinde ise m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
19. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 46. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, idarelerin \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyette bulunan bir ta\u015f\u0131nmaza, s\u00f6z konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 kamu hizmetine tahsis etmek amac\u0131yla tek tarafl\u0131 bir iradeyle el koymas\u0131d\u0131r. Kamula\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n amac\u0131 kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmektir (AYM, E.2014\/177, K.2015\/49, 14\/5\/2015).<\/p>\n
20. Dava konusu kurallar\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrecinde ta\u015f\u0131nmaz malikinin de\u011fi\u015fmesinin \u00f6nlenerek kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemlerinin daha seri ve h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 b\u00f6ylelikle kamula\u015ft\u0131rmaya konu yerin k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede kamu hizmetine tahsis edilmesini sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla ihdas edildikleri anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kurallar\u0131n kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
21. Bununla birlikte m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n kanunilik ve me\u015fru ama\u00e7 \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 yeterli olmay\u0131p ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi elveri\u015flilik, gereklilik ve orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 alt ilkeden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Elveri\u015flilik \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131n\u0131, gereklilik ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n zorunlu olmas\u0131n\u0131 di\u011fer bir ifadeyle ayn\u0131 amaca daha hafif bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama ile ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131n\u0131, orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k ise hakka getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlama ile ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 aras\u0131nda makul bir dengenin g\u00f6zetilmesi gereklili\u011fini ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n
22. Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemine konu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede kamu hizmetine tahsis edilmesini sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla kurallar kapsam\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen devir ve temlik yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yukar\u0131da belirtilen kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131na ula\u015fma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan elveri\u015fli oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
23. Devletin \u00f6zel m\u00fclke konu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n kamu hizmetine tahsis edilebilmesi s\u00fcrecinde i\u015flemin h\u0131zl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar \u00fczerinde birtak\u0131m k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar \u00f6ng\u00f6rmesi do\u011fal kar\u015f\u0131lanabilir. Ancak kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemlerinin karma\u015f\u0131kla\u015fmamas\u0131 ve s\u00fcrecin h\u0131zl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131 amac\u0131na ula\u015fmay\u0131 temin eden daha hafif ara\u00e7lar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2linde m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na kurallarla getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n gerekli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
24. Kurallarda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u015ferh, b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle devir ve temliki engelleyen bir \u015ferh niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Ancak tapu sicilinde ta\u015f\u0131nmaz ile ilgili olarak kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemi yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren ve sicilde i\u015flem yapmak isteyen ki\u015filerin bu hususu bilmelerini sa\u011flayan bir \u015ferh konulmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesinin, malik de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi durumunda ise yeni malik aleyhine davaya devam olunabilmesi imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131n kurallarda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ve b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle devir ve temliki engelleyen \u015ferhe g\u00f6re daha hafif bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama arac\u0131 niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle kurallar\u0131n ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek bak\u0131m\u0131ndan gerekli olma kriterini kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kurallarla m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
25. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kurallar, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 35. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ptalleri gerekti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle say\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lmad\u0131m.<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 5\/11\/2024 tarihli, 2024\/79 esas – 2024\/182 karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI \u00a0 Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/79 Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/182 Karar Tarihi : 5\/11\/2024 R.G. Tarih \u2013 Say\u0131 : 20\/1\/2025 – 32788 \u00a0 \u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: Sarayk\u00f6y Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi \u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 4\/11\/1983 tarihli ve 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma Kanunu\u2019nun; A. 27. maddesine 19\/4\/2018 tarihli ve 7139 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 29. maddesiyle eklenen ikinci f\u0131kran\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinin, B. 24\/4\/2001 tarihli ve 4650 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 18. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 31. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinin, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 35. ve 36. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptallerine karar verilmesi talebidir. OLAY: Acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma karar\u0131 \u00fczerine a\u00e7\u0131lan bedel tespiti ve tescil davas\u0131nda itiraz konusu kurallar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur. I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN VE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 G\u00d6R\u00dcLEN KANUN H\u00dcK\u00dcMLER\u0130 A. \u0130ptali \u0130stenen Kanun H\u00fck\u00fcmleri Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu kurallar\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131; 1. 27. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u00a0\u201cAcele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma Madde 27 \u2013 3634 say\u0131l\u0131 Milli M\u00fcdafaa M\u00fckellefiyeti Kanununun uygulanmas\u0131nda yurt savunmas\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131na veya aceleli\u011fine Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nca karar al\u0131nacak hallerde veya \u00f6zel kanunlarla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc durumlarda gerekli olan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallar\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda k\u0131ymet takdiri d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki i\u015flemler sonradan tamamlanmak \u00fczere ilgili idarenin istemi ile mahkemece yedi g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde o ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n (De\u011fi\u015fik ibare: 24\/4\/2001 – 4650\/15 md.) 10 uncu madde esaslar\u0131 dairesinde ve 15 inci madde uyar\u0131nca se\u00e7ilecek …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26299","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n