T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
BERRAK PINAR AL\u0130O\u011eLU BA\u015eVURUSU<\/p>\n
(Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2021\/17928)<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi: 23\/10\/2024<\/p>\n
B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcyeler<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
Raport\u00f6r<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
G\u00fcls\u00fcm Gizem G\u00dcRSOY<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucu<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Berrak P\u0131nar AL\u0130O\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
I. BA\u015eVURUNUN KONUSU<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvuru, baro genel kurul toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ertelenmesi nedeniyle \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
II. BA\u015eVURU S\u00dcREC\u0130<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvuru 11\/3\/2021 tarihinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Komisyon, ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
3. Ba\u015fvuru belgelerinin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi bilgi i\u00e7in Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (Bakanl\u0131k) g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Bakanl\u0131k, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc bildirmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu, Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcresinde beyanda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
III. OLAY VE OLGULAR<\/p>\n
4. Ba\u015fvuru formu ve eklerinde ifade edildi\u011fi \u015fekliyle ilgili olaylar \u00f6zetle \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
A. Genel Bilgiler<\/p>\n
5. Koronavir\u00fcs salg\u0131n hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn bu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 pandemi olarak ilan etmesiyle birlikte \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesi amac\u0131yla genelgeler yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015f, umumi h\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha kurullar\u0131 da ayn\u0131 ama\u00e7la baz\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 tedbirler i\u00e7eren kararlar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
6. Bu kapsamda Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi 1\/10\/2020tarihli yaz\u0131n\u0131n ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“…D\u00fcnyada halen COVID-19 vaka art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 devam etmektedir… Bu kapsamda Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z b\u00fcnyesinde olu\u015fturulan COVID-19 Bilimsel Dan\u0131\u015fma Kurulu, fiziksel mesafenin korunmas\u0131n\u0131n zor olaca\u011f\u0131 sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131, kamu kurumu niteli\u011findeki meslek kurulu\u015flar\u0131, birlikler ve kooperatiflerin geni\u015f kat\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 toplant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131 veya ileri bir tarihe ertelenmesini \u00f6nermi\u015ftir.”<\/p>\n
7. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 2\/10\/2020 tarihinde Valilikler ve Kaymakaml\u0131klara Koronavir\u00fcs Ek Tedbirler konulu genelge g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan yaz\u0131n\u0131n ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
” Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 1\/10\/2020 tarihli yaz\u0131s\u0131 ve Koronavir\u00fcs Bilim Kurulunun tavsiye karar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda mevsimsel etkiler de g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak 2\/10\/2020 tarihinden itibaren 1\/12\/2020 tarihine kadar sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131, kamu kurumu niteli\u011findeki meslek kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve \u00fcst kurulu\u015flar\u0131, birlikler ve kooperatifler taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenecek olan etkinliklerin ertelenmesi gerekti\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n
Vali ve Kaymakamlarca yukar\u0131da belirtilen esaslar do\u011frultusunda Umumi H\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha Kanunu’nun 23. 27. ve 72. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca \u0130l\/\u0130l\u00e7e Umumi H\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha Kurullar\u0131 kararlar\u0131n\u0131n ivedilikle al\u0131nmas\u0131 uygulamada herhangi bir aksakl\u0131\u011fa meydan verilmemesi ve ma\u011fduriyete neden olunmamas\u0131 al\u0131nan kararlara uymayanlara Umumi H\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha Kanunu’nun ilgili maddeleri gere\u011fince i\u015flem tesis edilmesi ve konusu su\u00e7 te\u015fkil eden davran\u0131\u015flara ili\u015fkin T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu’nun 195. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda gerekli i\u015flemlerin ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131…”<\/p>\n
B. Ba\u015fvuruya Konu S\u00fcre\u00e7<\/p>\n
8. Trabzon Barosu (Baro) Y\u00f6netim Kurulu 28\/8\/2020 tarihinde 19\/3\/1969 tarihli ve 1136 say\u0131l\u0131 Avukatl\u0131k Kanunu’nun 82. maddesi uyar\u0131nca 3\/10\/2020 tarihinde se\u00e7imli ola\u011fan genel kurul toplant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcndem g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinin ve 4\/10\/2020 tarihinde Baro ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve kurullar\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7imlerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
9. Trabzon Valili\u011fi \u0130l Umumi H\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha Kurulu 2\/10\/2020 tarihli karar\u0131yla barolar da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere meslek kurulu\u015fu, birlikler ve kooperatifler taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenecek etkinliklerin iki ay ertelenmesine karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
10. Trabzon Valili\u011fi (Valilik) 2\/10\/2020 tarihinde Baroya g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi yaz\u0131da; \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 2\/10\/2020 tarihli genelgesi kapsam\u0131nda ola\u011fan genel kurul toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ileri bir tarihe ertelenmesi hususunda bildirimde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
11. Y\u00fcksek Se\u00e7im Kurulu (YSK) 2\/10\/2020 tarihinde Bursa Osmangazi \u0130l\u00e7e Se\u00e7im Kuruluna g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi yaz\u0131da; \u0130l\/\u0130l\u00e7e Umumi H\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha Kurullar\u0131n\u0131n karar almas\u0131 durumunda baro se\u00e7imlerinin yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131na, siyasi parti kongrelerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda ise sak\u0131nca bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
12. Trabzon Ortahisar 1. \u0130l\u00e7e Se\u00e7im Kurulu Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 2\/10\/2020 tarihinde Trabzon Valili\u011fi \u0130l Umumi H\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha Kurulu karar\u0131 ve YSK’n\u0131n yukar\u0131daki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f yaz\u0131s\u0131 do\u011frultusunda Trabzon Baro Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 3\/10\/2020 ve 4\/10\/2020 tarihli se\u00e7im i\u015f ve i\u015flemlerinin ertelenmesine karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
13. Ba\u015fvurucu, Baroya kay\u0131tl\u0131 avukat olup ayn\u0131 zamanda genel kurul \u00fcyesidir. Ba\u015fvurucu 2\/10\/2020 tarihinde Trabzon \u0130dare Mahkemesine a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 davada, Valilik karar\u0131n\u0131n iptalini ve y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin durdurulmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
14. Trabzon \u0130dare Mahkemesi 27\/10\/2020 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fctmeyi durdurma talebini reddetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
15. \u0130tiraz \u00fczerine Samsun B\u00f6lge \u0130dare Mahkemesi 3. \u0130dari Dava Dairesi 16\/12\/2020 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin durdurulmas\u0131na kesin olarak karar vermi\u015ftir. Mahkeme, dava konusu i\u015flemin, kanun ile barolara tan\u0131nan ola\u011fan se\u00e7imli genel kurul toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n belirlenen takvimde yap\u0131lma imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 mahiyette sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furdu\u011fu ve uygulanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde telafisi g\u00fc\u00e7 zararlar olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
16. Y\u00fcr\u00fctmeyi durdurma karar\u0131 \u00fczerine ba\u015fvurucu 14\/1\/2021 tarihinde Ortahisar 1. \u0130l\u00e7e Se\u00e7im Kurulu Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015fvurarak se\u00e7im karar\u0131 al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmi\u015ftir. Ortahisar 1. \u0130l\u00e7e Se\u00e7im Kurulu Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, se\u00e7im karar\u0131 al\u0131nmas\u0131 talebine ili\u015fkin YSK’dan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f istemi\u015ftir. YSK, Trabzon Valili\u011fi \u0130l Umumi H\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha Kurulunun 27\/11\/2020 tarihli karar\u0131yla barolar d\u00e2hil meslek kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n etkinliklerinin 1\/3\/2021 tarihine kadar ertelenmesine karar verildi\u011fini, bu nedenle se\u00e7imin yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirmi\u015ftir. Bunun \u00fczerine Ortahisar 1. \u0130l\u00e7e Se\u00e7im Kurulu Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 3\/2\/2021 tarihinde se\u00e7im takviminin ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 talebinin reddine karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
17. Ba\u015fvurucu an\u0131lan karara kar\u015f\u0131 Trabzon \u0130l Se\u00e7im Kuruluna itirazda bulunmu\u015ftur. Trabzon \u0130l Se\u00e7im Kurulu 18\/2\/2021 tarihinde, YSK kararlar\u0131n\u0131n kesin oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle itiraz\u0131n reddine karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
18. Karar ba\u015fvurucuya 5\/3\/2021 tarihinde tebli\u011f edilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu, yasal s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde 11\/3\/2021 tarihinde bireysel ba\u015fvuruda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
C. Ba\u015fvuru Konusu Olmayan S\u00fcre\u00e7<\/p>\n
19. Trabzon \u0130dare Mahkemesi 2\/2\/2021 tarihinde dava konusu i\u015flemin iptaline karar vermi\u015ftir. Mahkeme 16\/4\/2020 tarihli ve 7244 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 2. maddesinde tahditi olarak baz\u0131 dernek, kooperatif, birliklerin kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olan toplant\u0131 ve genel kurul tarihlerinin kanunla ba\u015fka bir tarihe ertelendi\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. Gerek\u00e7eli kararda, an\u0131lan maddede Baro genel kurullar\u0131 ile ilgili herhangi bir karar al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131 \u00e7izilmi\u015ftir. Kararda devamla 15\/7\/2020 tarihinde 1136 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’a eklenen ge\u00e7ici 23.maddeyle, 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak olan genel kurul tarihinin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ekim ay\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kararda, 1136 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 82., 87.maddeleri ile ge\u00e7ici 23.madde dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Baro genel kurullar\u0131n\u0131n 2020 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in ekim ay\u0131n\u0131n ilk haftas\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde, yeterli \u00e7o\u011funluk sa\u011flanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde yap\u0131lacak ikinci toplant\u0131n\u0131n ise bir hafta sonra yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yasal bir zorunluluk oldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Mahkeme, sonu\u00e7 olarak dava konusu i\u015fleme dayanak olan \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 2\/10\/2010 tarihli genelgesinin, 1136 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen genel kurullar\u0131n ertelenmesi gerekti\u011fine dair herhangi bir h\u00fckme ve ibareye yer vermedi\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
20. Karar\u0131n istinaf yarg\u0131 yoluna g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclmesi \u00fczerine Samsun B\u00f6lge \u0130dare Mahkemesi 3. \u0130dari Dava Dairesi 29\/11\/2021 tarihinde istinaf ba\u015fvurusunun reddine kesin olarak karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
IV. \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 HUKUK<\/p>\n
21. 1136 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un “Ola\u011fan toplant\u0131” kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 82. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Genel kurul son rakam\u0131 \u00e7ift olan y\u0131llarda olmak kayd\u0131yla iki y\u0131lda bir Ekim ay\u0131n\u0131n ilk haftas\u0131 i\u00e7inde baro ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n daveti \u00fczerine g\u00fcndemindeki maddeleri g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek \u00fczere toplan\u0131r”<\/p>\n
22. 1136 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un “G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme ve karar yeter say\u0131s\u0131” kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 87. maddesinin ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Genel kurul, levhada yaz\u0131l\u0131 avukatlar\u0131n yar\u0131dan bir fazlas\u0131n\u0131n kat\u0131lmas\u0131yla toplan\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Birinci f\u0131krada yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funluk sa\u011flanamazsa, toplant\u0131 zorunlu bir neden olmad\u0131k\u00e7a bir hafta sonraya b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r. \u015eu kadar ki, bu erteleme onbe\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc a\u015famaz.” <\/p>\n
23. 1136 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ge\u00e7ici 23. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“G\u00f6rev s\u00fcrelerine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n t\u00fcm barolarda baro ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, y\u00f6netim, disiplin ve denetleme kurulu \u00fcyelikleri ile T\u00fcrkiye Barolar Birli\u011fi delege se\u00e7imleri 2020 y\u0131l\u0131 Ekim ay\u0131n\u0131n ilk haftas\u0131nda; Birlik Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, y\u00f6netim, disiplin ve denetleme kurulu \u00fcyelikleri se\u00e7imleri ise 2020 y\u0131l\u0131 Aral\u0131k ay\u0131 i\u00e7inde yap\u0131l\u0131r.”<\/p>\n
24. 7244 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 2. maddesinin (\u00e7) f\u0131kras\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“4\/11\/2004 tarihli ve 5253 say\u0131l\u0131 Dernekler Kanunu ve 22\/11\/2001 tarihli ve 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanununa g\u00f6re dernekler taraf\u0131ndan verilecek bildirim ve beyannameler ile dernek genel kurul toplant\u0131lar\u0131 31\/7\/2020 tarihine kadar ertelenir. Bu s\u00fcre, \u00fc\u00e7er ayl\u0131k s\u00fcrelerle \u00fc\u00e7 defaya kadar \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakan\u0131nca uzat\u0131labilir. Ertelenen genel kurul toplant\u0131lar\u0131, ertelemenin sona erdi\u011fi tarihten itibaren 30 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde yap\u0131l\u0131r. Mevcut organlar\u0131n g\u00f6rev, yetki ve sorumluluklar\u0131 erteleme s\u00fcresi sonras\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak ilk genel kurula kadar devam eder .” <\/p>\n
25. 24\/4\/1930 tarihli ve 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Umumi H\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha Kanunu’nun 1. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Memleketin s\u0131hhi \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0131slah ve milletin s\u0131hhatine zarar veren b\u00fct\u00fcn hastal\u0131klar veya sair muz\u0131r amillerle m\u00fccadele etmek ve m\u00fcstakbel neslin s\u0131hatli olarak yeti\u015fmesini temin ve halk\u0131 t\u0131bbi ve i\u00e7timai muavenete mazhar eylemek umumi Devlet hizmetlerindendir. \u201d <\/p>\n
26. 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 23. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Her vilayet merkezinde bir umumi h\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha meclisi toplan\u0131r. Bu meclis mahalli s\u0131hhat ve i\u00e7timai muavenet m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc, naf\u0131a m\u00fchendisi, maarif, baytar m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc, mevcutsa sahil s\u0131hhiye merkezi tabibi, bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve belediye tabibi ve hastane ba\u015ftabibi ile garnizon ve k\u0131t’a bulunan yerlerde en b\u00fcy\u00fck askeri tabip ve serbest sanat icra eden bir tabip ve bir eczac\u0131dan ve belediye reisinden m\u00fcrekkeptir. Meclis valinin veya valiye bilvekale s\u0131hhiye m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn riyaseti alt\u0131nda i\u00e7tima eder. Valinin tensip edece\u011fi bir zat kitabet vazifesini ifa ve zab\u0131tlar\u0131 tanzim eder.\u201d <\/p>\n
27. 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 27. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Umumi h\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha meclisleri mahallin s\u0131hhi ahvalini daima nazar\u0131 dikkat \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak \u015fehir ve kasaba ve k\u00f6yler s\u0131hhi vaziyetinin \u0131slah\u0131na ve mevcut mahzurlar\u0131n izalesine yarayan tedbirleri al\u0131rlar. Sari ve salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda istihbarat\u0131 tanzim, sari ve i\u00e7timai hastal\u0131klardan korunmak \u00e7areleri ve s\u0131hhi hayat\u0131n faideleri hakk\u0131nda halk\u0131 tenvir ve bir sari hastal\u0131k zuhurunda hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n izalesi i\u00e7in al\u0131nan tedbirlerin ifas\u0131na muavenet eylerler.\u201d <\/p>\n
28. 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 28. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Umumi h\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha meclislerinin mukarrerat\u0131ndan mahalli vazifeler ve salahiyetler aras\u0131nda bulunan i\u015fler vali veya kaymakam taraf\u0131ndan icra olunur ve istizana muhta\u00e7 olanlar kaymakaml\u0131k\u00e7a vilayetten ve vilayet\u00e7e S\u0131hhat ve \u0130\u00e7timai Muavenet Vekaletinden sorulur.\u201d <\/p>\n
29. 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 57. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Kolera, veba (B\u00fcbon veya zat\u00fcrree \u015fekli), lekeli humma, karahumma (hummayi tiroidi) daimi surette basil \u00e7\u0131karan mikrop hamilleri dahi – paratifoit hummas\u0131 veya her nevi g\u0131da maddeleri tesemm\u00fcmat\u0131, \u00e7i\u00e7ek, difteri (Ku\u015fpalaz\u0131) – b\u00fct\u00fcn tevkiat\u0131 dahi sari beyin hummas\u0131 (\u0130ltihab\u0131 sahayai dima\u011fii \u015fevkii m\u00fcstevli), uyku hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (\u0130ltihab\u0131 dima\u011fii sari), dizanteri (Basilli ve amipli), lohusa hummas\u0131 (Hummai nifas\u0131) ruam, k\u0131z\u0131l, \u015farbon, felci t\u0131fli (\u0130ltihab\u0131 nuhai kuddamii sincabii hadd\u0131 tifli), k\u0131zam\u0131k, c\u00fczam (Miskin), hummai racia ve malta hummas\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131ndan biri zuhur eder veya bunlar\u0131n birinden \u015f\u00fcphe edilir veyahut bu hastal\u0131klardan vefiyat vuku bulur veya mevtin bu hastal\u0131klardan biri sebebiyle husule geldi\u011finden \u015f\u00fcphe olunursa a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki maddelerde zikredilen kimseler vak’ay\u0131 haber verme\u011fe mecburdurlar. Kudurmu\u015f veya kuduz \u015f\u00fcpheli bir hayvan taraf\u0131ndan \u0131s\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131, kuduza m\u00fcptela hastalar\u0131n veya kuduzdan \u00f6lenlerin ihbar\u0131 da mecburidir.\u201d <\/p>\n
30. 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 64. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“57 nci maddede zikredilenlerden ba\u015fka her hangi bir hastal\u0131k istilai \u015fekil ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya b\u00f6yle bir tehlike ba\u015f g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi takdirde o hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n veya her hangi bir hastal\u0131k \u015feklinin memleketin her taraf\u0131nda veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda ihbar\u0131 mecburi oldu\u011funu ne\u015fr\u00fc il\u00e2na ve o hastal\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 bu kanunda mezk\u00fcr tedabirin kaffesini veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 tatbika S\u0131hhat ve \u0130\u00e7timai Muavenet Vekaleti salahiyettard\u0131r.\u201d <\/p>\n
31. 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 72. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“57 nci maddede zikredilen hastal\u0131klardan biri zuhur etti\u011fi veya zuhurundan \u015f\u00fcphelenildi\u011fi takdirde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da g\u00f6sterilen tedbirler tatbik olunur: <\/p>\n
1 – Hasta olanlar\u0131n veya hasta oldu\u011fundan \u015f\u00fcphe edilenlerin ve hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ne\u015fr\u00fc tamim eyledi\u011fi tetkikat\u0131 fenniye ile tebeyy\u00fcn edenlerin fennen icap eden m\u00fcddet zarf\u0131nda ve s\u0131hhat memurlar\u0131nca hanelerinde veya s\u0131hhi ve fenni \u015fartlar\u0131 haiz mahallerde tecrit ve m\u00fc\u015fahede alt\u0131na vaz’\u0131. <\/p>\n
2 – Hastalara veya hastal\u0131\u011fa maruz bulunanlara serum veya a\u015f\u0131 tatbik\u0131. <\/p>\n
3 – E\u015fhas, e\u015fya, elbise, \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r ve binalar\u0131n ve fennen intana maruz oldu\u011fu tebeyy\u00fcn eden sair bilc\u00fcmle mevadd\u0131n fenni tathiri. <\/p>\n
4 – Hastal\u0131k ne\u015freden ha\u015farat ve hayvanat\u0131n itlaf\u0131. <\/p>\n
5 – Memleket dahilinde seyahat eden e\u015fhas\u0131n icap eden mahallerde muayenesi ve e\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131n tathiri. <\/p>\n
6 – Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n sirayet ve inti\u015far\u0131na sebebiyet veren g\u0131da maddelerinin sarf ve istihlakinin men’i. <\/p>\n
7 – Dahilinde sari ve salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klardan biri zuhur eden umumi mahallerin tehlike zail oluncaya kadar set ve tahliyesi. \u201d <\/p>\n
32. 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 77. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
” Sari ve salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klardan birinin h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc veya tehdit etti\u011fi mahallerde S\u0131hhat ve \u0130\u00e7timai Muavenet Vekaletinin tasvibiyle b\u00fct\u00fcn umumi mahallerde vuku bulacak i\u00e7timalar tahdit veya menolunabilir. Bundan ba\u015fka hastalarla hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u00fcpheli olanlar\u0131n ve hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n sirayet ve ne\u015frine vas\u0131ta olabilecek e\u015fyan\u0131n fenni tathiratile mahzur ve mazarrat\u0131 izale edilmeksizin nakillerine ve b\u00fct\u00fcn kara ve deniz ve hava nakil vas\u0131talar\u0131n\u0131n fenni tathir ve tephire tabi tutulmadan seyr\u00fcseferlerine m\u00fcmaneat edilir.”<\/p>\n
V. \u0130NCELEME VE GEREK\u00c7E <\/p>\n
33. Anayasa Mahkemesinin 23\/10\/2024 tarihinde yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu toplant\u0131da ba\u015fvuru incelenip gere\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. Ba\u015fvurucunun \u0130ddialar\u0131 ve Bakanl\u0131k G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc <\/p>\n
34. Ba\u015fvurucu;<\/p>\n
– \u0130ki y\u0131lda bir d\u00fczenlenen baro genel kurullar\u0131n\u0131n mesleki sorunlar\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00fcretilmesi, meslek mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n kendini ifade etmesi ve temsili a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu,<\/p>\n
– Genelge ile temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere m\u00fcdahale edilemeyece\u011fini, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla an\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin kanuni dayana\u011f\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131,<\/p>\n
– Ayn\u0131 tarihlerde siyasi parti kongreleri yap\u0131labilirken baro genel kurullar\u0131n\u0131n pandemi nedeniyle engellendi\u011fini, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik ayr\u0131mc\u0131 bir uygulamaya gidildi\u011fini, bu nedenlerle ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
35. Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde; ba\u015fvurucunun \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fine y\u00f6nelik \u015fik\u00e2yetleri hususunda Anayasa Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak incelemede Anayasa ve mevzuat h\u00fck\u00fcmleri do\u011frultusunda somut olay\u0131n kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
36. Ba\u015fvurucu; Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 beyan\u0131nda bireysel ba\u015fvuru formundaki iddialar\u0131n\u0131 yinelemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
B. De\u011ferlendirme <\/p>\n
37. Anayasa Mahkemesi, olaylar\u0131n ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan hukuki nitelendirmesi ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olmay\u0131p olay ve olgular\u0131n hukuki tavsifini kendisi takdir eder (Tahir Canan, B. No: 2012\/969, 18\/9\/2013, \u00a7 16). Ba\u015fvurucunun yukar\u0131da belirtilen \u015fik\u00e2yetlerinin \u00f6z\u00fc, idarenin toplant\u0131lar\u0131n ertelenmesine hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak karar vermesine ve bu nedenle baro genel kurulunun yap\u0131lamamas\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. Bu sebeple ba\u015fvurucunun \u015fik\u00e2yetlerinin bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda incelenmesi gerekti\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
38. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n \u201cDernek kurma h\u00fcrriyeti\u201d kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 33. maddesinin ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Herkes, \u00f6nceden izin almaks\u0131z\u0131n dernek kurma ve bunlara \u00fcye olma ya da \u00fcyelikten \u00e7\u0131kma h\u00fcrriyetine sahiptir.<\/p>\n
Hi\u00e7 kimse bir derne\u011fe \u00fcye olmaya ve dernekte \u00fcye kalmaya zorlanamaz. <\/p>\n
Dernek kurma h\u00fcrriyeti ancak, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik, kamu d\u00fczeni, su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi, genel sa\u011fl\u0131k ve genel ahl\u00e2k ile ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fcrriyetlerinin korunmas\u0131 sebepleriyle ve kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. <\/p>\n
Dernek kurma h\u00fcrriyetinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda uygulanacak \u015fekil, \u015fart ve usuller kanunda g\u00f6sterilir. <\/p>\n
Dernekler, kanunun \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hallerde h\u00e2kim karar\u0131yla kapat\u0131labilir veya faaliyetten al\u0131konulabilir. Ancak, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenli\u011fin, kamu d\u00fczeninin, su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesini veya su\u00e7un devam\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemenin yahut yakalaman\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi hallerde gecikmede sak\u0131nca varsa, kanunla bir merci, derne\u011fi faaliyetten men ile yetkilendirilebilir. Bu merciin karar\u0131, yirmid\u00f6rt saat i\u00e7inde g\u00f6revli h\u00e2kimin onay\u0131na sunulur. H\u00e2kim, karar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rk sekiz saat i\u00e7inde a\u00e7\u0131klar; aksi halde, bu idar\u00ee karar kendili\u011finden y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kalkar.”<\/p>\n
1. Kabul Edilebilirlik Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden <\/p>\n
39. Eldeki ba\u015fvuruda il\u00e7e se\u00e7im kurulu taraf\u0131ndan YSK’dan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f istenmi\u015f ve nihai karar il\u00e7e se\u00e7im kurulu taraf\u0131ndan verilmi\u015ftir (bkz. \u00a7 11-12). Ba\u015fvurucunun \u015fik\u00e2yeti temel olarak baro genel kurul toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lamamas\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. Ba\u015fvurucu; idari yarg\u0131 makamlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctmeyi durdurma karar\u0131 vermesine kar\u015f\u0131n, il\u00e7e se\u00e7im kurulunun toplant\u0131 yap\u0131lma talebini reddetmesinden yak\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kapsamda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kabul edilemezli\u011fine karar verilmesini gerektirecek ba\u015fka bir neden de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
2. Esas Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden <\/p>\n
a. M\u00fcdahalenin Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/p>\n
40. Somut olayda baro genel kurulu toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ertelenmesinin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne m\u00fcdahale te\u015fkil etti\u011fi kabul edilmelidir.<\/p>\n
b. M\u00fcdahalenin \u0130hlal Olu\u015fturup Olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/p>\n
41. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler, \u00f6zlerine dokunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca Anayasan\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar, Anayasan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin ve l\u00e2ik Cumhuriyetin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u201d <\/p>\n
42. Bu sebeple m\u00fcdahalenin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ve somut ba\u015fvuruya uygun d\u00fc\u015fen kanunlar taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclme, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n ilgili maddesinde belirtilen nedenlere dayanma ve demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygun olma \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131p sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
i. Genel \u0130lkeler <\/p>\n
43. Hak ya da \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere bir m\u00fcdahale s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda \u00f6ncelikle tespiti gereken husus, m\u00fcdahaleye yetki veren bir kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn mevcut olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 33. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir m\u00fcdahalenin kanunilik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in m\u00fcdahalenin kanuni bir dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 zorunludur (kanunilik \u015fart\u0131na ba\u015fka ba\u011flamlarda dikkat \u00e7eken kararlar i\u00e7in bkz. Sevim Akat E\u015fki, B. No: 2013\/2187, 19\/12\/2013, \u00a7 36; Tu\u011fba Arslan [GK], B. No: 2014\/256, 25\/6\/2014, \u00a7 82; Hayriye \u00d6zdemir, B. No: 2013\/3434, 25\/6\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 56-61; Halk Radyo ve Televizyon Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k A.\u015e. [GK], B. No: 2014\/19270, 11\/7\/2019, \u00a7 35).<\/p>\n
44. Bununla birlikte temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlerin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin kanunlar\u0131n \u015feklen var olmas\u0131 yeterli de\u011fildir. Kanunilik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc ayn\u0131 zamanda maddi bir i\u00e7eri\u011fi de gerektirmekte olup bu noktada kanunun niteli\u011fi \u00f6nem kazanmaktad\u0131r. Kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlama \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n eri\u015filebilirli\u011fini, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirli\u011fini ve kesinli\u011fini ifade etmekte; b\u00f6ylece uygulay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n keyf\u00ee davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ti\u011fi gibi ki\u015finin hukuku bilmesine de yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmakta; bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011fi teminat\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r (Halime Sare Aysal [GK], B. No: 2013\/1789, 11\/11\/2015, \u00a7 62; Fatih Saraman [GK], B. No: 2014\/7256, 27\/2\/2019, \u00a7 66; Turgut Duman, B. No: 2014\/15365, 29\/5\/2019, \u00a7 67; Tamer Mahmuto\u011flu [GK], B. No: 2017\/38953, 23\/7\/2020, \u00a7 104).<\/p>\n
45. Kanunun bu gerekliliklere uygun oldu\u011funun s\u00f6ylenebilmesi i\u00e7in yeterince ula\u015f\u0131labilir olmas\u0131, vatanda\u015flar\u0131n belirli bir olaya uygulanabilir nitelikteki hukuk kurallar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda yeterli bilgiye sahip olabilmesi, ayr\u0131ca ilgili normun keyf\u00eeli\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 uygun bir koruma sa\u011flamas\u0131, yetkili makamlara verilen yetkinin geni\u015fli\u011fini ve icra edilme bi\u00e7imlerini yeterli netlikte tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 gerekmektedir (Halime Sare Aysal, \u00a7 63; Fatih Saraman, \u00a7 67; Turgut Duman, \u00a7 68; Tamer Mahmuto\u011flu, \u00a7 105).<\/p>\n
46. Hukukun kendisi -beraberinde getirece\u011fi idari prati\u011fin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda- s\u00f6z konusu i\u015flemin me\u015fru amac\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde tutarak keyf\u00ee m\u00fcdahalelere kar\u015f\u0131 bireyi korumak i\u00e7in yetkili makamlara b\u0131rak\u0131lan takdir yetkisinin kapsam\u0131n\u0131 yeterince a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6stermelidir. Di\u011fer bir anlat\u0131mla hukuk sistemi, kamu makamlar\u0131na hangi ko\u015fullarda ve hangi s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde m\u00fcdahalelerde bulunma yetkisinin verildi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k ifadelerle ortaya koyacak nitelikte olmal\u0131 ve bu ba\u011flamda ilgili m\u00fcdahalenin muhataplar\u0131na m\u00fcdahaleye zemin haz\u0131rlayan \u015fartlar ile m\u00fcdahalenin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcde bulunabilmeleri imk\u00e2n\u0131 tan\u0131mal\u0131d\u0131r (Halime Sare Aysal, \u00a7 64; Fatih Saraman, \u00a7 68; Turgut Duman, \u00a7 69; Tamer Mahmuto\u011flu, \u00a7 106).<\/p>\n
47. \u00d6te yandan hak ya da \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe m\u00fcdahale eden kural belirli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerdeki takdir alan\u0131n\u0131 elbette uygulay\u0131c\u0131ya b\u0131rakabilir ise de bu takdir alan\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n da yeterli a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kta belirlenmesi ve kural\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirli\u011fi sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde asgari bir kesinlik i\u00e7ermesi zaruridir (benzer y\u00f6ndeki de\u011ferlendirme i\u00e7in bkz. Halime Sare Aysal, \u00a7 65; Fatih Saraman, \u00a7 69; Turgut Duman, \u00a7 70; Tamer Mahmuto\u011flu, \u00a7 107).<\/p>\n
ii. \u0130lkelerin Olaya Uygulanmas\u0131 <\/p>\n
48. Somut olayda her ne kadar se\u00e7im kurulu karar\u0131 \u00fczerine bireysel ba\u015fvuru yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa da se\u00e7im kurulunun karar gerek\u00e7esinden de anla\u015f\u0131labilece\u011fi \u00fczere esasen \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Genelgesi ve Trabzon Valili\u011fi \u0130l Umumi H\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha Kurulunun karar\u0131, ba\u015fvurucunun temsilcisi oldu\u011fu baro genel kurulunun ertelenmesine dayanak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Trabzon \u0130l Umumi H\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha Kurulu m\u00fcdahaleye dayanak olan erteleme karar\u0131n\u0131 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 23., 27. ve 72. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca vermi\u015ftir (bkz. \u00a7 7).<\/p>\n
49. An\u0131lan Genelge’de Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n “Fiziksel mesafenin korunmas\u0131n\u0131n zor olaca\u011f\u0131 sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131, kamu kurumu niteli\u011findeki meslek kurulu\u015flar\u0131, birlikler veya kooperatiflerin geni\u015f kat\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 toplant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n iki ay s\u00fcreyle ertelenmesini” \u00f6nerdi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 derneklerin toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ertelenmesi yetkisini d\u00fczenleyen 7244 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 2. maddesinin (\u00e7) f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131, kamu kurumu niteli\u011findeki meslek kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve \u00fcst kurulu\u015flar\u0131, birlikler ve kooperatifler taraf\u0131ndan genel kurul etkinlikleri de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere d\u00fczenlenecek etkinliklerin ertelenmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde valiliklere ve kaymakaml\u0131klara genelge g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n genelgesi sonras\u0131 Trabzon \u0130l Umumi H\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha Kurulu; sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131, kamu kurumu niteli\u011findeki meslek kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve \u00fcst kurulu\u015flar\u0131, barolar, meslek odalar\u0131, birlikler, kooperatifler ve sendikalar taraf\u0131ndan Trabzon’da d\u00fczenlenecek t\u00fcm etkinlikleri iki ay s\u00fcreyle ertelemi\u015ftir. Somut olayda m\u00fcdahalede bulunan kamu otoritelerinin bu \u015fekilde karar verme yetkilerinin bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve m\u00fcdahalenin kanunilik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131p ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcdahaleye dayanak d\u00fczenlemelerin incelenmesiyle anla\u015f\u0131labilir. Bununla birlikte gerek idarenin gerekse de m\u00fcdahaleyi onaylayan il\u00e7e\/il se\u00e7im kurullar\u0131n\u0131n kararlar\u0131na dayanak olarak g\u00f6sterilmemi\u015f ise de Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, salg\u0131n hastal\u0131k d\u00f6nemlerinde toplant\u0131lara m\u00fcdahale yetkisi veren 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 77. maddesinin de irdelenmesi gerekir ( Toplant\u0131 hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahalede benzer de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. Selma Atabey [GK], B. No: 2021\/38893, 27\/9\/2023,\u00a7 46).<\/p>\n
50. 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 23. maddesine uygun olarak olu\u015fturulan il umumi h\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha kurullar\u0131 ayn\u0131 Kanun’un 27. maddesi gere\u011fince “mahallin s\u0131hhi ahvalini daima nazar\u0131 dikkat \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak \u015fehir ve kasaba ve k\u00f6yler s\u0131hhi vaziyetinin \u0131slah\u0131na ve mevcut mahzurlar\u0131n izalesine yarayan tedbirleri” almaya yetkilidir. An\u0131lan h\u00fck\u00fcmde kamu sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan tedbirler ve k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n hukuki \u00e7er\u00e7evesi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fczenlenmemi\u015ftir. Bununla birlikte h\u00fckm\u00fcn “Sari ve salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda istihbarat\u0131 tanzim, sari ve i\u00e7timai hastal\u0131klardan korunmak \u00e7areleri ve s\u0131hhi hayat\u0131n faideleri hakk\u0131nda halk\u0131 tenvir ve bir sari hastal\u0131k zuhurunda hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n izalesi i\u00e7in al\u0131nan tedbirlerin ifas\u0131na muavenet eylerler.” \u015feklindeki ikinci c\u00fcmlesiyle bu kurullara bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 ve salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda istihbarat\u0131 d\u00fczenleme, hastal\u0131klardan korunma yollar\u0131 ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131n faydalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda halk\u0131 bilin\u00e7lendirme ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi i\u00e7in al\u0131nan tedbirlerin ifas\u0131na yard\u0131m etme g\u00f6revi y\u00fcklenmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re Kanun’un 27. maddesinin il ve il\u00e7e umumi h\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha kurullar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerine ili\u015fkin ikili bir ayr\u0131m yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ola\u011fan d\u00f6nemlerde umumi h\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha meclisleri -Kanun’un 26. maddesi gere\u011fince- her ay d\u00fczenli olarak toplanarak kamu sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na yarayan ancak temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere m\u00fcdahale etmeyen tedbirler alabilir. Di\u011fer yandan temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere m\u00fcdahale mahiyetindeki tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirebilecek bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 ve salg\u0131n hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n mevcut oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemlerde ise ancak kanunda yaz\u0131l\u0131 tedbirlerin uygulanmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir (benzer y\u00f6ndeki de\u011ferlendirme i\u00e7in bkz. Mustafa Karaku\u015f [GK], B. No: 2020\/34781, 17\/1\/2023, \u00a7\u00a7 76,77).<\/p>\n
51. 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 72. maddesinde, bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 ve salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klardan birinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde al\u0131nabilecek tedbirler s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 \u015fekilde say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (bkz. \u00a7 31). Somut olay\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131nda bu tedbirlerden Anayasa’da d\u00fczenlenen bir k\u0131s\u0131m temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rma yetkisi veren \u00f6zellikle 72. maddenin (1) numaral\u0131 bendi ile (7) numaral\u0131 bendinin incelenmesi gerekir. An\u0131lan Kanun’un 72. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 bendinde sadece hasta olan veya hasta oldu\u011fundan \u015f\u00fcphe edilenler ya da yap\u0131lan t\u0131bbi tahkikler sonucu hasta oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ki\u015filerin belli bir s\u00fcre ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmak \u00fczere ikametg\u00e2hlar\u0131nda veya s\u0131hhi ve fenni \u015fartlar\u0131 haiz mahallerde tecriti ve g\u00f6zetimi d\u00fczenlenmektedir. Ayn\u0131 maddenin (7) numaral\u0131 bendinde ise sadece “sari ve salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klardan biri zuhur eden umumi mahallerin tehlike zail oluncaya kadar set ve tahliyesi”ne imk\u00e2n verilmektedir. Bir di\u011fer anlat\u0131mla kamusal bir alandaki insanlar\u0131 tahliyesi veya bu yerin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015feklinde bir tedbir al\u0131nmas\u0131 salg\u0131n hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olup bu tehlikenin devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcreyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kapsamda Kanun’un 72. maddesinde s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak say\u0131lan tedbirler aras\u0131nda, t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fe sahip olan kurum ve kurulu\u015flarca yap\u0131lmak istenen t\u00fcm etkinliklerin iki ay boyunca ertelemesine imk\u00e2n verecek bir yetki bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (farkl\u0131 ba\u011flamda yap\u0131lan benzer de\u011ferlendirme i\u00e7in bkz. Mustafa Karaku\u015f \u00a7 79).<\/p>\n
52. 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 77. maddesinin birinci c\u00fcmlesi de “Sari ve salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klardan birinin h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc veya tehdit etti\u011fi mahallerde S\u0131hhat ve \u0130\u00e7timai Muavenet Vekaletinin tasvibiyle b\u00fct\u00fcn umumi mahallerde vuku bulacak i\u00e7timalar tahdit veya menolunabilir.” \u015feklindedir. Bu kural dikkatle incelendi\u011finde kanun koyucunun toplanman\u0131n \u015fekli ve s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rman\u0131n s\u00fcresi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan herhangi bir belirleme yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’daki an\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemenin daha kapsaml\u0131 ve \u00f6zel nitelikte m\u00fcdahalelere imk\u00e2n tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte kanun koyucu an\u0131lan geni\u015f takdir yetkisinin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 “S\u0131hhat ve \u0130\u00e7timai Muavenet Vekaletinin tasvibi[yle]” \u015fart\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (benzer de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. Selma Atabey,\u00a7 49).<\/p>\n
53. Somut olayda ise genel nitelikte s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 tedbirin 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n sadece Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc al\u0131narak \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 genelgesiyle \u00f6nerildi\u011fi ve il umumi h\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha kurulu karar\u0131yla al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anayasa’n\u0131n 13. maddesine g\u00f6re temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Bu nedenle idarenin temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetleri s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131ran bir tedbire karar verebilmesi i\u00e7in zikredilen yetkinin ayr\u0131ca ve a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bir kanunla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Ancak yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 27. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen il umumi h\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha kurulunun g\u00f6revleri aras\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmaya imk\u00e2n tan\u0131yan bir yetki bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte Kanun’un 77. maddesi de il umumi h\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha kuruluna yap\u0131lacak toplant\u0131lar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin a\u00e7\u0131k bir yetki vermemektedir. Bu kapsamda somut ba\u015fvuru a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin ba\u015fvuruya konu m\u00fcdahalenin kanuni temelinin ihtiva etmesi gereken unsurlardan olan \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik niteli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (benzer de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. Selma Atabey,\u00a7 50).<\/p>\n
54. Di\u011fer yandan 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 64. maddesinde “Bu kanunda mezk\u00fcr tedabirin kaffesini veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 tatbika S\u0131hhat ve \u0130\u00e7timai Muavenet Vekaleti salahiyettard\u0131r.” \u015feklindeki ifadeyle 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’da zikredilen tedbirlerin hepsini veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 almaya Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yetkili k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O h\u00e2lde 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 77. maddesi ile idarece dayan\u0131lan di\u011fer d\u00fczenlemelerin, il umumi h\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha kurulunun il genelinde yap\u0131lacak t\u00fcm etkinlikleri ertelemesi \u015feklindeki m\u00fcdahalenin kanuni dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011funun kabul\u00fc m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
55. Ayr\u0131ca an\u0131lan kamu makamlar\u0131n\u0131n somut m\u00fcdahalelere y\u00f6nelik kanuni yetkisi olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak Anayasa Mahkemesine, salg\u0131n hastal\u0131k ile m\u00fccadelede di\u011fer umumi h\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha kurullar\u0131na, Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 koordinasyonunda karar alma yetkisini veren ba\u015fka bir kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc bulundu\u011fu da g\u00f6sterilememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
56. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle Trabzon \u0130l Umumi H\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha Kurulunun karar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin kanuni temelinin ihtiva etmesi gereken unsurlardan olan \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik niteli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan Anayasa’n\u0131n 13. maddesinde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a emredilen kanunilik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
57. Ba\u015fvuruya konu m\u00fcdahalenin kanunilik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z konusu m\u00fcdahale a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan di\u011fer g\u00fcvence \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerine riayet edilip edilmedi\u011finin ayr\u0131ca de\u011ferlendirilmesine gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
58. Sonu\u00e7 olarak Anayasa’n\u0131n 33. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
VI. G\u0130DER\u0130M <\/p>\n
59. Ba\u015fvurucu; ihlalin tespit edilmesi, hak ihlalinin giderilmesi i\u00e7in \u0130l\u00e7e Se\u00e7im Kuruluna bildirimde bulunulmas\u0131 ve 5.000 TL manevi tazminata h\u00fckmedilmesi talebinde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
60. \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvuruda tespit edilen hak ihlalinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve baro genel kurulu ola\u011fan toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin Ortahisar 1. \u0130l\u00e7e Se\u00e7im Kurulu Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6nderilmesine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
61. \u00d6te yandan ihlalin niteli\u011fi dikkate al\u0131narak ba\u015fvurucuya talebiyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak net 5.000 TL manevi tazminat \u00f6denmesi gerekti\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
VII. H\u00dcK\u00dcM <\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle;<\/p>\n
A. \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n KABUL ED\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R OLDU\u011eUNA OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
B. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 33. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0130HLAL ED\u0130LD\u0130\u011e\u0130NE Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L’in kar\u015f\u0131oyu ve OY\u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA,<\/p>\n
C. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin Ortahisar 1. \u0130l\u00e7e Se\u00e7im Kurulu Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
D. Ba\u015fvurucuya net 5.000 TL manevi tazminat \u00d6DENMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
E. 487,60 TL har\u00e7tan olu\u015fan yarg\u0131lama giderinin ba\u015fvurucuya \u00d6DENMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
F. \u00d6demenin karar\u0131n tebli\u011fini takiben ba\u015fvurucunun Hazine ve Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015fvuru tarihinden itibaren d\u00f6rt ay i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lmas\u0131na, \u00f6demede gecikme olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde bu s\u00fcrenin sona erdi\u011fi tarihten \u00f6deme tarihine kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre i\u00e7in yasal FA\u0130Z UYGULANMASINA,<\/p>\n
G. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE 23\/10\/2024 tarihinde karar verildi.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvuru, baro genel kurul toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ertelenmesi nedeniyle \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. Kararda, m\u00fcdahalenin Anayasa’n\u0131n 13. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen kanunilik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilerek baro genel kurul \u00fcyesi olan ba\u015fvurucunun Anayasa’n\u0131n 33. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada yayg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehdit eder boyutlarda g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi \u00fczerine pandemi ilan edilmi\u015f; 13 Mart 2020 tarihinden itibaren de \u00fclkemizde salg\u0131n hastal\u0131k olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n insanlar aras\u0131nda solunum yoluyla ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli temaslarda dahi bula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, insanlar\u0131n bir arada bulundu\u011fu kapal\u0131 veya a\u00e7\u0131k ortamlarda, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 veya ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla pek \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik \u00f6nlem ve tedbirler al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma yasa\u011f\u0131 kararlar\u0131, toplant\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ertelenmesi ve yasaklanmas\u0131, izin verilen toplant\u0131larda uyulmas\u0131 gereken kurallar, maske takma zorunlulu\u011fu ve bu yasaklar\u0131 ihlal edenler hakk\u0131nda Umumi H\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha Kanunu’nun 282. maddesi gere\u011fince idari para cezas\u0131 uygulanmas\u0131 da belirtilen tedbirlerden birisi olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
An\u0131lan tedbirler kapsam\u0131nda \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 2\/10\/2020 tarihli ve E-89780865-153-16230 say\u0131l\u0131 \u201cKoronavir\u00fcs Ek Tedbirler\u201d konulu Genelgesiyle; Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 1\/10\/2020 tarih ve 13588366\/149\/1604 say\u0131l\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131 ve Koronavir\u00fcs Bilim Kurulunun tavsiye karar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda, mevsimsel etkilerde g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak 2\/10\/2020 tarihinden itibaren 1\/12\/2020 tarihine kadar sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131, kamu kurumu niteli\u011findeki meslek kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve \u00fcst kurulu\u015flar\u0131, birlikler ve kooperatifler taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenecek olan etkinliklerin ertelenmesi gerekti\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca Genelgede belirtilen esaslar do\u011frultusunda Umumi H\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha Kanunu\u2019nun 27. ve 72. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca \u0130l\/\u0130l\u00e7e Umumi H\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha Kurullar\u0131 kararlar\u0131n\u0131n ivedilikle al\u0131nmas\u0131, uygulamada herhangi bir aksakl\u0131\u011fa meydan verilmemesi ve ma\u011fduriyete neden olunmamas\u0131, al\u0131nan kararlara uymayanlara Umumi H\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha Kanunu\u2019nun ilgili maddeleri gere\u011fince idari i\u015flem tesis edilmesi ve konusu su\u00e7 te\u015fkil eden davran\u0131\u015flara ili\u015fkin T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun 195. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda gerekli adli i\u015flemlerin ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 hususu valiliklere bildirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvuruya konu olayda; Trabzon Barosu (Baro) Y\u00f6netim Kurulu, Baronun ola\u011fan genel kurul toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 3\/10\/2020-4\/10\/2020 tarihlerinde yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. \u00d6te yandan, \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yukar\u0131da belirtilen Genelgesi do\u011frultusunda Trabzon Valili\u011fi \u0130l Umumi H\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha Kurulunca 2\/10\/2020 tarihinde barolar da dahil olmak \u00fczere meslek kurulu\u015fu, birlikler ve kooperatifler taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenecek etkinliklerin iki ay ertelenmesine karar vermi\u015ftir. Bunun \u00fczerine Trabzon Valili\u011fi, 2\/10\/2020 tarihinde Baroya g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi yaz\u0131da; \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 2\/10\/2020 tarihli genelgesi kapsam\u0131nda ola\u011fan genel kurul toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ileri bir tarihe ertelenmesi hususunda bildirimde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Anayasa Mahkemesi, Anayasa\u2019da temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen konularda kanunun temel esaslar\u0131, ilkeleri ve \u00e7er\u00e7eveyi belirlemi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ve anayasa koyucunun a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kanunla d\u00fczenlemesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc konularda yasama organ\u0131n\u0131n temel kurallar\u0131n\u0131 saptad\u0131ktan sonra uzmanl\u0131k ve idare tekni\u011fine ili\u015fkin hususlar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye b\u0131rakmas\u0131n\u0131n yasama yetkisinin devri olarak yorumlanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmi\u015ftir (AYM, E.2014\/133, K.2014\/165, 30\/10\/2014; Mustafa Karaku\u015f, B. No: 2020\/34781, 17\/1\/2023, \u00a7 63; Odeon Park Otel Turizm Ticaret Ltd. \u015eti., B. No: 2021\/3598, 27\/2\/2024, \u00a7 18). Bu ba\u011flamda temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik kanuni d\u00fczenlemelerde kanun koyucu taraf\u0131ndan temel esaslar, ilkeler ve \u00e7er\u00e7eve belirlendikten sonra di\u011fer ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlerle belirlenebilece\u011fi kabul edilmi\u015ftir (Mehmet Koray Erya\u015fa, B. No: 2013\/6693, 16\/4\/2015, \u00a7 63; B\u00fclent Polat, B. No: 2013\/7666, 10\/12\/2015, \u00a7 78; Odeon Park Otel Turizm Ticaret Ltd. \u015eti., B. No: 2021\/3598, 27\/2\/2024, \u00a7 19).<\/p>\n
24\/4\/1930 tarihli ve 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Umumi H\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha Kanunu\u2019nun 23. maddesinde, \u201cHer vilayet merkezinde bir umumi h\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha meclisi toplan\u0131r\u2026\u201d; 27. maddesinde \u201cUmumi h\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha meclisleri mahallin s\u0131hhi ahvalini daima nazar\u0131 dikkat \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak \u015fehir ve kasaba ve k\u00f6yler s\u0131hhi vaziyetinin \u0131slah\u0131na ve mevcut mahzurlar\u0131n izalesine yarayan tedbirleri al\u0131rlar. Sari ve salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda istihbarat\u0131 tanzim, sari ve i\u00e7timai hastal\u0131klardan korunmak \u00e7areleri ve s\u0131hhi hayat\u0131n faideleri hakk\u0131nda halk\u0131 tenvir ve bir sari hastal\u0131k zuhurunda hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n izalesi i\u00e7in al\u0131nan tedbirlerin ifas\u0131na muavenet eylerler.\u201d; 77. maddesinde ise \u201cSari ve salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klardan birinin h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc veya tehdit etti\u011fi mahallerde S\u0131hhat ve \u0130\u00e7timai Muavenet Vekaletinin tasvibiyle b\u00fct\u00fcn umumi mahallerde vuku bulacak i\u00e7timalar tahdit veya menolunabilir…\u201d kurallar\u0131na yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvuruya konu m\u00fcdahalenin dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan barolar da dahil olmak \u00fczere meslek kurulu\u015fu, birlikler ve kooperatifler taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenecek etkinliklerin iki ay ertelenmesine ili\u015fkin idari tedbirlerin ve il\/il\u00e7e umumi h\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha meclislerince bu y\u00f6nde al\u0131nan kararlar\u0131n kanuni dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un belirtilen maddeleri olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6ncelikle 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un \u015fekl\u00ee y\u00f6nden kanun oldu\u011funda ve Resm\u00ee Gazete’de yay\u0131mlanan an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un ilgili maddelerinin eri\u015filebilir oldu\u011funda bir teredd\u00fct bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar\u0131n t\u00fcr ve \u00f6zellikleri ile hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc her bir mahallin kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda al\u0131nacak tedbirlerin de farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterece\u011fi kanun koyucu taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6zetilerek bunlar\u0131 durumun gereklerine g\u00f6re belirleme yetkisi il\/il\u00e7e umumi h\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha meclislerine b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 27. maddesinin salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klara ili\u015fkin al\u0131nacak tedbirleri belirleme konusunda idareye genel ve d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flem yapma yetkisi veren bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve h\u00fck\u00fcm oldu\u011fu kabul edilmelidir. Ayr\u0131ca an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 77. maddesinde salg\u0131n hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc veya tehdit etti\u011fi yerlerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek toplant\u0131lar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131labilece\u011fine veya yasaklanabilece\u011fine ili\u015fkin a\u00e7\u0131k bir h\u00fckme yer verilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fka bir anlat\u0131mla salg\u0131n hastal\u0131kla m\u00fccadele kapsam\u0131nda ba\u015fvurulacak idari tedbir t\u00fcrlerinden birisinin de toplu etkinliklerin k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 veya yasaklanmas\u0131 oldu\u011fu kanunda herhangi bir teredd\u00fcde yer b\u0131rakmayacak bi\u00e7imde a\u00e7\u0131k ve net olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bu itibarla, ba\u015fvuruya konu olayda baro genel kurul toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ertelenmesi \u015feklinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen m\u00fcdahalenin kanuni temelini olu\u015fturma y\u00f6n\u00fcnden 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin belirlilik ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 da sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle, ba\u015fvurucunun Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 33. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahalenin kanunilik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, aksi y\u00f6nde olu\u015fan \u00e7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lm\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00a0Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 23\/10\/2024 tarihli ve 2021\/17928 ba\u015fvuru numaral\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130 ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 \u00a0 \u00a0 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 BERRAK PINAR AL\u0130O\u011eLU BA\u015eVURUSU (Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2021\/17928) \u00a0 Karar Tarihi: 23\/10\/2024 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 \u00a0 Ba\u015fkan : Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN \u00dcyeler : Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ \u00a0 \u00a0 Selahaddin MENTE\u015e \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN \u00a0 \u00a0 Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L Raport\u00f6r : G\u00fcls\u00fcm Gizem G\u00dcRSOY Ba\u015fvurucu : Berrak P\u0131nar AL\u0130O\u011eLU \u00a0 I. BA\u015eVURUNUN KONUSU 1. Ba\u015fvuru, baro genel kurul toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ertelenmesi nedeniyle \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. II. BA\u015eVURU S\u00dcREC\u0130 2. Ba\u015fvuru 11\/3\/2021 tarihinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Komisyon, ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. 3. Ba\u015fvuru belgelerinin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi bilgi i\u00e7in Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (Bakanl\u0131k) g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Bakanl\u0131k, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc bildirmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu, Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcresinde beyanda bulunmu\u015ftur. III. OLAY VE OLGULAR 4. Ba\u015fvuru formu ve eklerinde ifade edildi\u011fi \u015fekliyle ilgili olaylar \u00f6zetle \u015f\u00f6yledir: A. Genel Bilgiler 5. Koronavir\u00fcs salg\u0131n hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn bu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 pandemi olarak ilan etmesiyle birlikte \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesi amac\u0131yla genelgeler yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015f, umumi h\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha kurullar\u0131 da ayn\u0131 ama\u00e7la baz\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 tedbirler i\u00e7eren kararlar vermi\u015ftir. 6. Bu kapsamda Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi 1\/10\/2020tarihli yaz\u0131n\u0131n ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir: “…D\u00fcnyada halen COVID-19 vaka art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 devam etmektedir… Bu kapsamda Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z b\u00fcnyesinde olu\u015fturulan COVID-19 Bilimsel …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,535],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21131","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber","category-uncategorized-tr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n