ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI<\/p>\n
Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/182<\/p>\n
Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2025\/87<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi : 27\/3\/2025<\/p>\n
R.G.Tarih-Say\u0131 : 16\/7\/2025-32957<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: Erzurum B\u00f6lge \u0130dare Mahkemesi 6. \u0130dari Dava Dairesi<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 10\/6\/2004 tarihli ve 5188 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00d6zel G\u00fcvenlik Hizmetlerine Dair Kanun\u2019un 10. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n 1\/2\/2018 tarihli ve 7072 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 67. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen (d) bendinin (3) numaral\u0131 alt bendinde yer alan \u201c\u2026bir soru\u015fturma veya\u2026\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 38., 48. ve 49. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptaline karar verilmesi talebidir.<\/p>\n
OLAY: \u00d6zel g\u00fcvenlik kimlik kart\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni verilmesi istemiyle yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvurunun reddine ili\u015fkin i\u015flemin iptali talebiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davada itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN KANUN H\u00dcKM\u00dc<\/p>\n
Kanun\u2019un 10. maddesinin 21\/11\/2024 tarihli ve 7533 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 28. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinden \u00f6nceki ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201c\u00d6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlilerinde aranacak \u015fartlar<\/p>\n
Madde 10- \u00d6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlilerinde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fartlar aran\u0131r:<\/p>\n
\u2026<\/p>\n
d) (De\u011fi\u015fik: 2\/1\/2017 – KHK-680\/69 md.; Aynen kabul: 1\/2\/2018-7072\/67 md.) 26\/9\/2004 tarihli ve 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f veya h\u00fckm\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131n\u0131n geri b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015f olsa bile;<\/p>\n
\u2026<\/p>\n
3) Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine, \u00f6zel hayata ve hayat\u0131n gizli alan\u0131na, cinsel dokunulmazl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar ile uyu\u015fturucu veya uyar\u0131c\u0131 madde su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 hakk\u0131nda devam etmekte olan bir soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturma bulunmamak.<\/p>\n
\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n
II. \u0130LK \u0130NCELEME<\/p>\n
1. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Basri BA\u011eCI, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR, Muhterem \u0130NCE, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L, \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR ve Metin KIRATLI\u2019n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 5\/11\/2024 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda dosyada eksiklik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015fin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. ESASIN \u0130NCELENMES\u0130<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131 ve ekleri, Raport\u00f6r Abdullah TEKBA\u015e taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan i\u015fin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin rapor, itiraz konusu kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc, dayan\u0131lan Anayasa kurallar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n gerek\u00e7eleri ile di\u011fer yasama belgeleri okunup incelendikten sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. S\u0131n\u0131rlama Sorunu<\/p>\n
3. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 152. ile 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 40. maddelerine g\u00f6re bir davaya bakmakta olan mahkeme, bu dava sebebiyle uygulanacak bir kanunun veya Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesinin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6rmesi veya taraflardan birinin ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k iddias\u0131n\u0131n ciddi oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varmas\u0131 durumunda bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin iptalleri i\u00e7in Anayasa Mahkemesine ba\u015fvurmaya yetkilidir. Ancak an\u0131lan maddeler uyar\u0131nca bir mahkemenin Anayasa Mahkemesine ba\u015fvurabilmesi i\u00e7in elinde y\u00f6ntemince a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve mahkemenin g\u00f6revine giren bir davan\u0131n bulunmas\u0131, iptali talep edilen kural\u0131n da o davada uygulanacak olmas\u0131 gerekir. Uygulanacak kural ise bak\u0131lmakta olan davan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik evrelerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde veya davay\u0131 sonu\u00e7land\u0131rmada olumlu ya da olumsuz y\u00f6nde etki yapacak nitelikte kurallard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4. \u0130tiraz yoluna ba\u015fvuran Mahkeme, 5188 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 10. maddesinin (d) bendinin (3) numaral\u0131 alt bendinde yer alan \u201c\u2026bir soru\u015fturma veya\u2026\u201d ibaresinin iptalini talep etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
5. Bak\u0131lmakta olan davan\u0131n konusu davac\u0131 hakk\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir su\u00e7 soru\u015fturmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik kimlik kart\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni verilmesi isteminin reddine y\u00f6nelik i\u015flemin iptali talebidir. \u0130tiraz konusu kuralda yer alan \u201c\u2026bir\u2026\u201d ibaresi ise hem soru\u015fturma hem de kovu\u015fturmalar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erli ortak kural niteli\u011findedir. Bu itibarla bak\u0131lmakta olan davan\u0131n konusunun g\u00f6zetilerek kural\u0131n esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin incelemenin \u201c\u2026soru\u015fturma veya\u2026\u201d ibaresi ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
B. Anlam ve Kapsam<\/p>\n
6. \u00d6zel g\u00fcvenlik hizmetine ili\u015fkin temel hususlar 5188 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 1. maddesinde, kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fini tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 nitelikteki \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik hizmetlerinin yerine getirilmesine ili\u015fkin esas ve usulleri belirlemek amac\u0131yla Kanun\u2019un ihdas edildi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
7. Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesinde ki\u015filerin silahl\u0131 personel taraf\u0131ndan korunmas\u0131, kurum ve kurulu\u015flar b\u00fcnyesinde \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik birimi kurulmas\u0131 veya g\u00fcvenlik hizmetinin \u015firketlere g\u00f6rd\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik komisyonunun karar\u0131 \u00fczerine valinin iznine ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015ftir. 11. madde uyar\u0131nca \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlisi olarak istihdam edilecek ki\u015filer hakk\u0131nda valilik\u00e7e g\u00fcvenlik soru\u015fturmas\u0131 ve ar\u015fiv ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 yap\u0131lmakta, soru\u015fturma sonucu olumlu olanlara -14. maddede belirtilen \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik temel e\u011fitimini ba\u015far\u0131yla bitirmi\u015f olmalar\u0131 \u015fart\u0131yla- valilik\u00e7e \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni verilmektedir.<\/p>\n
8. 10. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (d) bendinde 26\/9\/2004 tarihli ve 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun 53. maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f veya h\u00fckm\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131n\u0131n geri b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015f olsa bile anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine, \u00f6zel hayata ve hayat\u0131n gizli alan\u0131na, cinsel dokunulmazl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar ile uyu\u015fturucu veya uyar\u0131c\u0131 madde su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 hakk\u0131nda devam etmekte olan bir soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturma bulunmamas\u0131 \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlilerinde aranacak \u015fartlar aras\u0131nda say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu bentte yer alan \u201c\u2026soru\u015fturma veya\u2026\u201d ibaresi itiraz konusu kural\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bu itibarla kural uyar\u0131nca an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 53. maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f veya h\u00fckm\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131n\u0131n geri b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015f olsa bile anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine, \u00f6zel hayata ve hayat\u0131n gizli alan\u0131na, cinsel dokunulmazl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar ile uyu\u015fturucu veya uyar\u0131c\u0131 madde su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 hakk\u0131nda devam etmekte olan bir soru\u015fturma bulunan ki\u015filer \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlisi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015famayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
9. Ba\u015fvuru tarihinden sonra y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 21\/11\/2024 tarihli ve 7533 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 28. maddesiyle kural\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 an\u0131lan bentte bulunan \u201c\u2026veya h\u00fckm\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131n\u0131n geri b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015f\u2026\u201d ibaresi madde metninden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bendin (2) numaral\u0131 alt bendine \u201c\u2026veya bu su\u00e7lardan hakk\u0131nda h\u00fckm\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131n\u0131n geri b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 karar\u0131 verilmemi\u015f olmak\u2026\u201d ibaresi eklenmi\u015f, (3) numaral\u0131 alt bendinde yer alan \u201c\u2026Anayasal d\u00fczene\u2026\u201d ibaresi \u201cDevletin g\u00fcvenli\u011fine, anayasal d\u00fczene\u2026\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve \u201c\u2026soru\u015fturma veya\u2026\u201d ibaresi olan itiraz konusu kural madde metninden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
C. \u0130tiraz\u0131n Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
10. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle; su\u00e7suzluk karinesi gere\u011fince ki\u015finin su\u00e7lu oldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin kesin h\u00fck\u00fcm tesis edilinceye kadar masum say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, itiraz konusu kuralla belirli su\u00e7lar\u0131n i\u015flendi\u011fi iddias\u0131yla haklar\u0131nda soru\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclenlerin g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlisi olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi, buna g\u00f6re su\u00e7 i\u015flendi\u011fi \u015f\u00fcphesiyle veya herhangi bir su\u00e7 unsuru ta\u015f\u0131mayan durumlarda a\u00e7\u0131lan soru\u015fturman\u0131n ki\u015finin \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlisi olmas\u0131na engel olaca\u011f\u0131, bu durumun haklar\u0131nda soru\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclenlerin su\u00e7lu say\u0131lmalar\u0131na ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir yapt\u0131r\u0131ma maruz kalmalar\u0131na neden oldu\u011fu belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 38., 48. ve 49. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u00c7. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
11. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cHerkes, diledi\u011fi alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fcrriyetlerine sahiptir…\u201d denilmek suretiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
12. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 49. maddesinde de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n herkesin hakk\u0131 ve \u00f6devi oldu\u011fu, devletin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n hayat seviyesini y\u00fckseltmek, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 ve i\u015fsizleri korumak, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 desteklemek, i\u015fsizli\u011fi \u00f6nlemeye elveri\u015fli ekonomik bir ortam yaratmak ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in gerekli tedbirleri alaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
13. 5188 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 10. maddesinde \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlilerinde bulunmas\u0131 gereken \u015fartlar d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup bu \u015fartlardan birisi de kural uyar\u0131nca ilgili hakk\u0131nda anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine, \u00f6zel hayata ve hayat\u0131n gizli alan\u0131na, cinsel dokunulmazl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar ile uyu\u015fturucu veya uyar\u0131c\u0131 madde su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 devam etmekte olan bir soru\u015fturman\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re an\u0131lan \u015fart\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mayan ki\u015filere \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlisi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izninin verilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kuralla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (benzer y\u00f6nde de\u011ferlendirme i\u00e7in bkz. AYM, E.2024\/65, K.2024\/163, 24\/9\/2024, \u00a7 17).<\/p>\n
14. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde \u201cTemel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler, \u00f6zlerine dokunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca Anayasan\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar, Anayasan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin ve l\u00e2ik Cumhuriyetin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u201d denilmektedir. Buna g\u00f6re temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere s\u0131n\u0131rlama getiren d\u00fczenlemelerin kanunla yap\u0131lmas\u0131, Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebine uygun ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
15. Bu kapsamda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamaya y\u00f6nelik bir kanuni d\u00fczenlemenin \u015feklen var olmas\u0131 yeterli olmay\u0131p yasal kurallar\u0131n keyf\u00eeli\u011fe izin vermeyecek \u015fekilde belirli, ula\u015f\u0131labilir ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir d\u00fczenlemeler niteli\u011finde olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
16. Esasen temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri s\u0131n\u0131rlayan kanunun bu niteliklere sahip olmas\u0131 Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nan hukuk devleti ilkesinin de bir gere\u011fidir. Hukuk devletinde kanuni d\u00fczenlemelerin hem ki\u015filer hem de idare y\u00f6n\u00fcnden herhangi bir duraksamaya ve ku\u015fkuya yer vermeyecek \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k, net, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r, uygulanabilir ve nesnel olmas\u0131, ayr\u0131ca kamu otoritelerinin keyf\u00ee uygulamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu \u00f6nlem i\u00e7ermesi gerekir. Kanunda bulunmas\u0131 gereken bu nitelikler hukuki g\u00fcvenli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da zorunludur. Zira bu ilke hukuk normlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131, bireylerin t\u00fcm eylem ve i\u015flemlerinde devlete g\u00fcven duyabilmesini, devletin de yasal d\u00fczenlemelerinde bu g\u00fcven duygusunu zedeleyici y\u00f6ntemlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lar (AYM, E.2015\/41, K.2017\/98, 4\/5\/2017, \u00a7\u00a7 153, 154). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde s\u0131n\u0131rlama \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc olarak belirtilen kanunilik, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nan hukuk devleti ilkesi \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yorumlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
17. Kural\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 maddede hangi \u015fartlarda hangi su\u00e7lara ili\u015fkin olarak soru\u015fturma bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlisi olmaya engel olaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmi\u015ftir. Kurala konu su\u00e7lar\u0131n 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi ve kuralda yer alan \u201c\u2026soru\u015fturma\u2026\u201d ibaresinin 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 2. maddesinde tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kural\u0131n belirli, ula\u015f\u0131labilir ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir nitelikte oldu\u011fu ve bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle kanunilik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
18. \u00d6te yandan Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 49. maddelerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in herhangi bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama nedeni \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f olmakla birlikte \u00f6zel s\u0131n\u0131rlama nedeni \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f haklar\u0131n da o hakk\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan baz\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu kabul edilmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fka maddelerinde yer alan hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler ile devlete y\u00fcklenen \u00f6devler, \u00f6zel s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebi g\u00f6sterilmemi\u015f hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere s\u0131n\u0131r te\u015fkil edebilir.<\/p>\n
19. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 5. maddesine g\u00f6re ki\u015filerin ve toplumun refah, huzur ve mutlulu\u011funu sa\u011flamak devletin temel ama\u00e7 ve g\u00f6revlerindendir. Do\u011frudan devlet ya da di\u011fer kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fileri taraf\u0131ndan ya da bunlar\u0131n denetim ve g\u00f6zetimleri alt\u0131nda sunulan kamu hizmetlerinin do\u011fru ve g\u00fcvenilir bir \u015fekilde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesini temin etmek suretiyle kamu d\u00fczeninin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesinin ki\u015filerin ve toplumun refah, huzur ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamaya hizmet edece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
20. 5188 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 23. maddesinde \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlilerinin g\u00f6revleriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak su\u00e7 i\u015flemeleri h\u00e2linde veya g\u00f6revleri nedeniyle kendilerine kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 kamu g\u00f6revlisi say\u0131lacaklar\u0131 belirtilmi\u015f, 22. maddesinde de bu kurumlar\u0131n ve kurum personelinin \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve valiliklerin denetimi alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan niteliklerinden dolay\u0131 \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlisi olabilmek bak\u0131m\u0131ndan belirli \u015fartlar\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesi do\u011fald\u0131r.<\/p>\n
21. \u00d6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlilerine s\u00f6z konusu Kanun\u2019un 7. ve 8. maddelerinde tan\u0131nan g\u00f6rev ve yetkiler g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu ki\u015filerle ilgili olarak 10. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (d) bendinin (3) numaral\u0131 alt bendinde yer alan su\u00e7lardan soru\u015fturma ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 sebebiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni verilmemesinin kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011finin, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin haklar\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlilerine olan g\u00fcvenin korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131na y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011fu, bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle kural\u0131n me\u015fru ama\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilmesi i\u00e7in belirtilen me\u015fru amac\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeterli olmay\u0131p temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131 rejimini belirleyen Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesindeki \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine de uyulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
22. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi elveri\u015flilik, gereklilik ve orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 alt ilkeden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Elveri\u015flilik \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131n\u0131, gereklilik ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n zorunlu olmas\u0131n\u0131, orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k ise hakka getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlama ile ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 aras\u0131nda makul bir dengenin g\u00f6zetilmesi gereklili\u011fini ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n
23. Kanun\u2019un 10. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (d) bendinin (3) numaral\u0131 alt bendinde yer alan su\u00e7lar\u0131n i\u015flendi\u011fi iddias\u0131yla haklar\u0131nda soru\u015fturma ba\u015flat\u0131lan ki\u015filere g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlisi olma izni verilmemesinin kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011finin, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin haklar\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlilerine olan g\u00fcvenin korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan elveri\u015fli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
24. Anayasa Mahkemesinin yerle\u015fik i\u00e7tihad\u0131 uyar\u0131nca Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda bir hakka s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirilebilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlama olmaks\u0131z\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlama amac\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131lamamas\u0131 gerekir. Bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle kuralla hedeflenen amaca ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in en hafif tedbirin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesi zorunlu olup ayn\u0131 amaca daha hafif bir ara\u00e7la ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ise daha a\u011f\u0131r bir ara\u00e7 se\u00e7ilmesi gereklilik ilkesi ile \u00e7eli\u015fir ve s\u0131n\u0131rlamay\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz h\u00e2le getirir (AYM, E.2014\/176, K.2015\/53, 27\/5\/2015; E.2016\/13, K.2016\/127, 22\/6\/2016; E.2018\/71, K.2018\/118, 27\/12\/2018, \u00a7\u00a7 26, 27).<\/p>\n
25. \u00d6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlilerinin haiz oldu\u011fu yetkiler ile toplumun mal ve can g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131ndaki fonksiyonlar\u0131 g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde bunlar\u0131n anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine, \u00f6zel hayata ve hayat\u0131n gizli alan\u0131na, cinsel dokunulmazl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar ile uyu\u015fturucu veya uyar\u0131c\u0131 madde su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015flememi\u015f ki\u015filerden olmas\u0131n\u0131n beklenmesi makuld\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca s\u00f6z konusu su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015fledikleri hen\u00fcz kesin h\u00fckme ba\u011flanmasa bile haklar\u0131nda bu su\u00e7lardan soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturma ba\u015flat\u0131lan \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlilerine ili\u015fkin olarak birtak\u0131m tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 da kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011finin ve di\u011fer bireylerin haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Ne var ki hen\u00fcz kesinle\u015fmi\u015f bir mahk\u00fbmiyetin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde al\u0131nacak tedbirlerin mahk\u00fbmiyetin kesinle\u015fmesinden sonra al\u0131nacak tedbirler kadar a\u011f\u0131r olmamas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
26. Bu ba\u011flamda hakk\u0131nda mahk\u00fbmiyet h\u00fckm\u00fc bulunmayan, an\u0131lan su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 soru\u015fturma a\u00e7\u0131lan ki\u015filere g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlisi olma izni verilmemesinin olduk\u00e7a a\u011f\u0131r bir tedbir oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Kuralla ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen amaca; ilgili makamlara karar vermek i\u00e7in soru\u015fturma sonuna kadar bekleme yetkisi verilmesi, i\u015flemin de\u011fi\u015fen \u015fartlara g\u00f6re belli aral\u0131klarla g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesi veya bu hususlarda ilgili makamlara takdir yetkisi verilmesi gibi daha hafif bir tedbirle ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
27. Bu itibarla kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 amac\u0131na daha hafif bir s\u0131n\u0131rlamayla ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnken anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine, \u00f6zel hayata ve hayat\u0131n gizli alan\u0131na, cinsel dokunulmazl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar ile uyu\u015fturucu veya uyar\u0131c\u0131 madde su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma bulunan ki\u015filere \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlisi olma izni verilmemesini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren kural\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131na \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirdi\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (benzer y\u00f6ndeki de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bkz. AYM, E.2024\/65, K.2024\/163, 24\/9\/2024, \u00a7\u00a7 28-30).<\/p>\n
28. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 48. ve 49. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ptali gerekir.<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE ve Metin KIRATLI bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 48. ve 49. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclerek iptal edildi\u011finden ayr\u0131ca Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 38. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
IV. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
10\/6\/2004 tarihli ve 5188 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00d6zel G\u00fcvenlik Hizmetlerine Dair Kanun\u2019un 10. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n 1\/2\/2018 tarihli ve 7072 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 67. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen (d) bendinin (3) numaral\u0131 alt bendinde yer alan;<\/p>\n
A. \u201c\u2026bir soru\u015fturma veya\u2026\u201d ibaresinin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin incelemenin an\u0131lan alt bentte yer alan \u201c\u2026soru\u015fturma veya\u2026\u201d ibaresi ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131na OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
B. \u201c\u2026soru\u015fturma veya\u2026\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve \u0130PTAL\u0130NE, Muhterem \u0130NCE ile Metin KIRATLI\u2019n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131oylar\u0131 ve OY\u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA,<\/p>\n
27\/3\/2025 tarihinde karar verildi.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Metin KIRATLI<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/p>\n
1. Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan 5188 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00d6zel G\u00fcvenlik Hizmetlerine Dair Kanun\u2019un 10. maddesinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilen birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n 01\/02\/2018 tarihli ve 7072 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 67. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen (d) bendinin (3) numaral\u0131 alt bendinde yer alan \u2018\u2026bir soru\u015fturma veya\u2019 ibaresi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden iptaline karar verilmi\u015ftir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmamaktay\u0131z.<\/p>\n
2. Dava konusu kural, anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine, \u00f6zel hayata ve hayat\u0131n gizli alan\u0131na, cinsel dokunulmazl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar ile uyu\u015fturucu veya uyar\u0131c\u0131 madde su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma ba\u015flat\u0131lan ki\u015finin \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlisi kart\u0131n\u0131n iptal edilmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir.<\/p>\n
3. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 en \u00fcst norm olarak Anayasada d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. maddesinde \u201cHerkes, diledi\u011fi alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fcrriyetlerine sahiptir\u201d, 49. maddesinde de \u201c\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma, herkesin hakk\u0131 ve \u00f6devidir\u201d denilmek suretiyle herkesin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 ile \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sahip oldu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131, herhangi bir ayr\u0131m yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n herkese tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir temel hak olup ya\u015f, cinsiyet ve vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ayr\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n herkes \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>\n
4. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc; ki\u015finin \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmama, \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131 i\u015fi se\u00e7me ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015ften ayr\u0131lma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korur. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u00fccretli olarak ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131n\u0131 oldu\u011fu kadar iktisadi ve ticari faaliyet yapma ve mesleki faaliyette bulunma hakk\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7erir (AYM, E.2019\/48, K.2019\/74, 19\/9\/2019, \u00a7 14).<\/p>\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fabilecek durumda olan herkese insan onuruna uygun bir ya\u015fam sa\u011flamak ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma f\u0131rsat\u0131 sunmak da devletin g\u00f6revidir. Uygulamada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131n\u0131n bir de\u011fer kazanabilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin uygun bir i\u015fe yerle\u015ftirilmeleri, kurallara uygun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 halinde i\u015flerini kolayca kaybetmelerinin \u00f6nlenmesi \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
5. Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k konusu Kural, 5188 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 10. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (d) bendinin (3) numaral\u0131 alt bendinde say\u0131lan su\u00e7lardan biriyle ilgili olarak soru\u015fturma ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlisi kimli\u011finin iptal edilece\u011fini h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na alarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirmektedir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlama yap\u0131l\u0131rken \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 ile i\u015fverenin s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi gere\u011fince dengelenmektedir. Temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere s\u0131n\u0131rlama getiren d\u00fczenlemelerin kanunla yap\u0131lmas\u0131, Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebine uygun ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi bir yorum \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc ve ayn\u0131 zamanda genel bir hukuk ilkesidir. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi, elveri\u015flilik, gereklilik ve oranl\u0131l\u0131k olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 alt ilkeye ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi uyar\u0131nca, uygulanacak tedbir, ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye elveri\u015fli , istenen ama\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan gerekli ve uygulanacak tedbirin sonucu olan m\u00fcdahale ile ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir oran i\u00e7erisinde bulunmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
6. Kuralla hangi su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 hakk\u0131nda hangi i\u015flemlerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde ilgilinin kimli\u011finin iptal edilece\u011fi hususunun herhangi bir teredd\u00fcde yer vermeyecek \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k ve net olarak d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kural\u0131n belirli, ula\u015f\u0131labilir ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir nitelikte oldu\u011fu ve bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle kanunilik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
7. Kanun\u2019un 7. ve 8. maddelerinde \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlilerinin yetkileri d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup, bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlileri, koruma ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flad\u0131klar\u0131 alanlara girmek isteyenleri duyarl\u0131 kap\u0131dan ge\u00e7irme, bu ki\u015filerin \u00fcstlerini arama, 4\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019nun 90. ve 168. maddelerine g\u00f6re yakalama, g\u00f6rev alan\u0131nda haklar\u0131nda yakalama emri veya mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131 bulunan ki\u015fileri yakalama ve arama, yang\u0131n, deprem gibi tabi\u00ee afet durumlar\u0131nda ve imdat istenmesi h\u00e2linde g\u00f6rev alan\u0131ndaki i\u015fyeri ve konutlara girme, genel kolluk kuvvetlerine derhal bildirmek \u015fart\u0131yla, aramalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda su\u00e7 te\u015fkil eden veya delil olabilecek ya da su\u00e7 te\u015fkil etmemekle birlikte tehlike do\u011furabilecek e\u015fyay\u0131 emanete alma, zor kullanma, silah ta\u015f\u0131ma ve bulundurma gibi yetkilere sahiptir.<\/p>\n
8. Kural\u0131n, Kanun\u2019un 7. ve 8. maddelerinde \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlilerine tan\u0131nan g\u00f6rev ve yetkiler g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011finin, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin haklar\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlilerine olan g\u00fcvenin korunmas\u0131 \u015feklinde me\u015fru bir amac\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte kural\u0131n me\u015fru amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek bak\u0131m\u0131ndan elveri\u015fli oldu\u011fu da ortadad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
9. \u00d6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlilerinin haiz oldu\u011fu yetkiler ve toplumun mal ve can g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131ndaki fonksiyonlar\u0131 nazara al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, s\u00f6z konusu ki\u015filer hakk\u0131nda gerek g\u00f6reve ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 esnas\u0131nda gerek g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresi boyunca anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine, \u00f6zel hayata ve hayat\u0131n gizli alan\u0131na, cinsel dokunulmazl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar ile uyu\u015fturucu veya uyar\u0131c\u0131 madde su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan soru\u015fturma bulunmamas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n aranmas\u0131 olduk\u00e7a makuld\u00fcr. Her ne kadar \u00e7o\u011funluk taraf\u0131ndan mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131 bulunmayan evrede kimlik kart\u0131n\u0131n iptal edilmesinin a\u011f\u0131r bir tedbir oldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015f ise de kimlik kart\u0131n\u0131n iptaline sebep olan su\u00e7lar\u0131n niteli\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde, hakk\u0131nda bu su\u00e7lardan soru\u015fturma bulunan ki\u015filerin g\u00f6reve devam etmesinin telafisi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furma ihtimalinin bulundu\u011fu, s\u00f6z konusu su\u00e7lar\u0131n g\u00f6revin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yetkileri k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n zeminini olu\u015fturabilece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
10. Kural gere\u011fince hakk\u0131nda belirli su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 soru\u015fturma bulunan ki\u015filere idare taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlisi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni verilmeyecektir. Ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda belirli su\u00e7lardan soru\u015fturma bulunmas\u0131 masumiyet karinesi kapsam\u0131nda su\u00e7 isnad\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. S\u00f6z konusu su\u00e7 isnad\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla soru\u015fturma s\u00fcresince \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlisi olma izninin verilmemesi bi\u00e7imindeki i\u015flem ise medeni hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerle ilgili bir mesle\u011fe girilmesine engel olunmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir i\u015flemdir. Bu i\u015flem, cezaland\u0131rma veya cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131ktan ziyade hakk\u0131nda belirli su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015fledi\u011fine dair yarg\u0131 s\u00fcrecine intikal etmi\u015f \u015f\u00fcphe bulunan ki\u015filerin benzeri su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015flemesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131racak yetkilerle donat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemeye y\u00f6nelik dolay\u0131s\u0131yla devletin su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesini \u00f6nlemek suretiyle kamu d\u00fczenini sa\u011flama g\u00f6revine ili\u015fkindir. Bu i\u015flemle ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7, bu ama\u00e7la s\u0131n\u0131rlama aras\u0131nda makul dengenin bozulmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, ge\u00e7ici s\u00fcreli olmas\u0131 ve medeni hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklere ili\u015fkin olmas\u0131 hususlar\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde kural\u0131n masumiyet karinesini ihlal edici nitelikte oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan, kimlik iptali i\u015flemine kar\u015f\u0131 Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 125. maddesi uyar\u0131nca idari yarg\u0131 yoluna ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131k bir hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n bulundu\u011fu h\u00e2llerde yarg\u0131 mercilerince y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin durdurulmas\u0131na karar verilebilmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu ve gerekti\u011finde \u00f6zellikle soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturman\u0131n ilgili lehine sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde- yeni bir idari i\u015flem tesis edilmesini engeller bir kanuni d\u00fczenleme bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
11. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131, her ne olursa olsun mutlaka bir i\u015fe sahip olma anlam\u0131na gelmeyip, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fcnde ve iste\u011finde bulunan herkesin \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak kendisine insanl\u0131k onuruna yara\u015f\u0131r bir gelir sa\u011flayabilme hakk\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. Bu hak, devletin her i\u015f arayan\u0131n i\u015f bulmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, istemeden i\u015fsiz kalanlara yard\u0131m etmesi ve belli i\u015fleri yaratmak i\u00e7in gerekli \u00f6nlemleri almas\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7ermektedir. \u00d6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlisinin kimli\u011fi, ki\u015fiye verilen bir i\u015f hakk\u0131 de\u011fil \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlilerinin yetkilendirilmesini sa\u011flayan bir belgedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u015fof\u00f6r olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7inin ehliyetine el konulmas\u0131 halinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma imkan\u0131 kalmamas\u0131 sebebiyle 4857 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanununun 25. maddesi III numaral\u0131 bendi uyar\u0131nca i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan i\u015f\u00e7inin s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi i\u015f\u00e7iyi i\u015fyerinde bir haftadan fazla s\u00fcre ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktan al\u0131koyan zorlay\u0131c\u0131 bir sebebin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 nedenine dayal\u0131 olarak hakl\u0131 nedenle feshedilebilmektedir. Nas\u0131l ki ehliyet bir \u015fof\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan bir belge ise, \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlilerinin kimlik belgesi de \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlisinin bu i\u015fi yapabilmesi i\u00e7in temel \u015fartt\u0131r. \u00d6zel g\u00fcvenlik hizmetlerini yerine getirecek ki\u015filerde bulunmas\u0131 gereken \u015fart\u0131n ortadan kalkmas\u0131 ki\u015finin o g\u00f6revi yerine getirmek i\u00e7in gerekli belgenin iptal edilmesini gerektirmekte olup, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ya da ba\u015fka bir yerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131n\u0131n elinden al\u0131nmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. 5188 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u00d6zel G\u00fcvenlik Hizmetlerine Dair Kanun’un 11. maddesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izninin \u015fartlar\u0131 ve aranan \u015fartlar\u0131 kaybetmenin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmi\u015f olup, \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlilerinin aranan \u015fartlardan herhangi birini kaybetmesinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izninin iptali nedeni oldu\u011fu belirtilerek bu h\u00fck\u00fcmle ki\u015finin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 ihlal edilmemekte, ki\u015fi sadece \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlisi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam edememektedir. Bununla birlikte Devletin kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flama konusunda da y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olup, 5188 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile getirilen ko\u015fullar\u0131n aranmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc\u011fe ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
Kald\u0131 ki; 5188 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 10. Maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendindeki \u2018 Silahs\u0131z olarak g\u00f6rev yapacaklar i\u00e7in en az sekiz y\u0131ll\u0131k ilk\u00f6\u011fretim veya ortaokul; silahl\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rev yapacaklar i\u00e7in en az lise veya dengi okul mezunu olmak.\u2019 ve 14. Maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131ndaki \u2018\u00d6zel g\u00fcvenlik temel e\u011fitimi teorik ve pratik e\u011fitim ile silah e\u011fitiminden olu\u015fmak \u00fczere y\u00fcz yirmi ders saatinden; yenileme e\u011fitimi altm\u0131\u015f ders saatinden az olmamak \u00fczere d\u00fczenlenir.\u2019 h\u00fck\u00fcmleri dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlisi olmak i\u00e7in uzun s\u00fcreli bir e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretimin (Lisans-Y\u00fcksek Lisans) gerekmedi\u011fi, bu i\u015f d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka i\u015flerde de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma imkan\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131ndan bahsedilemeyece\u011fi nazara al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kural\u0131n gerekli ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc oldu\u011fu, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 48. ve 49. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
12. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle, d\u00fczenlemenin iptali y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u00e7o\u011funluk karar\u0131na kat\u0131lmamaktay\u0131z.<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Metin KIRATLI<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 27\/3\/2025 tarihli, 2024\/182 esas – 2025\/87 karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/182 Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2025\/87 Karar Tarihi : 27\/3\/2025 R.G.Tarih-Say\u0131 : 16\/7\/2025-32957 \u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: Erzurum B\u00f6lge \u0130dare Mahkemesi 6. \u0130dari Dava Dairesi \u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 10\/6\/2004 tarihli ve 5188 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00d6zel G\u00fcvenlik Hizmetlerine Dair Kanun\u2019un 10. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n 1\/2\/2018 tarihli ve 7072 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 67. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen (d) bendinin (3) numaral\u0131 alt bendinde yer alan \u201c\u2026bir soru\u015fturma veya\u2026\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 38., 48. ve 49. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptaline karar verilmesi talebidir. OLAY: \u00d6zel g\u00fcvenlik kimlik kart\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni verilmesi istemiyle yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvurunun reddine ili\u015fkin i\u015flemin iptali talebiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davada itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur. I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN KANUN H\u00dcKM\u00dc Kanun\u2019un 10. maddesinin 21\/11\/2024 tarihli ve 7533 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 28. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinden \u00f6nceki ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u201c\u00d6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlilerinde aranacak \u015fartlar Madde 10- \u00d6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlilerinde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fartlar aran\u0131r: \u2026 d) (De\u011fi\u015fik: 2\/1\/2017 – KHK-680\/69 md.; Aynen kabul: 1\/2\/2018-7072\/67 md.) 26\/9\/2004 tarihli ve 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f veya h\u00fckm\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131n\u0131n geri b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015f olsa bile; \u2026 3) Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine, \u00f6zel hayata ve hayat\u0131n gizli alan\u0131na, cinsel dokunulmazl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar ile uyu\u015fturucu veya …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-147832","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n