Su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctleri ile m\u00fccadele \u00e7ok zor ve devaml\u0131l\u0131k gerektiren s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctleri toplumdaki aidiyetler veya menfaatler \u00fczerinden istismarlarda bulunarak sistemin zaaflar\u0131n\u0131 da kullanmak suretiyle su\u00e7 olu\u015fturan eylemlerin yerini, zaman\u0131n\u0131 ve bi\u00e7imini kendileri belirlemektedir. Bu durum su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin bireylere ve topluma zarar verme kapasitesini art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar veya istihbarat \u00f6rg\u00fctleriyle \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc ili\u015fkileri de su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin hareket kabiliyetini art\u0131rmakta olup tehlike ve\/veya zarar verme kapasitelerini b\u00fcy\u00fctmektedir. Bu nedenle yasa koyucu su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctleriyle m\u00fccadele kapsam\u0131nda \u00f6nceli\u011fi \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyelerinin tamam\u0131n\u0131 cezaland\u0131rmaktan \u00f6nce \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc hukuki s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7erisinde ortadan kald\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik yasal d\u00fczenlemeler yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7larla m\u00fccadelede kullan\u0131lan bir ara\u00e7 olup \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyelerinin \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn de\u015fifre olup da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik eylem ve\/veya s\u00f6ylemeleri bir ceza indirimi olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k TCK\u2019n\u0131n 221. maddesinde \u015f\u00f6yle d\u00fczenlenmektedir;<\/p>\n
(1) Su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma su\u00e7u nedeniyle soru\u015fturmaya ba\u015flanmadan ve \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn amac\u0131 do\u011frultusunda su\u00e7 i\u015flenmeden \u00f6nce, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc da\u011f\u0131tan veya verdi\u011fi bilgilerle \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan kurucu veya y\u00f6neticiler hakk\u0131nda cezaya h\u00fckmolunmaz.<\/p>\n
(2) \u00d6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesinin, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde herhangi bir su\u00e7un i\u015fleni\u015fine i\u015ftirak etmeksizin, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctten ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilgili makamlara bildirmesi halinde, hakk\u0131nda cezaya h\u00fckmolunmaz.<\/p>\n
(3) \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde herhangi bir su\u00e7un i\u015fleni\u015fine i\u015ftirak etmeden yakalanan \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesinin, pi\u015fmanl\u0131k duyarak \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 veya mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n yakalanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaya elveri\u015fli bilgi vermesi halinde, hakk\u0131nda cezaya h\u00fckmolunmaz.<\/p>\n
(4) Su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kuran, y\u00f6neten veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olan ya da \u00fcye olmamakla birlikte \u00f6rg\u00fct ad\u0131na su\u00e7 i\u015fleyen veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte bilerek ve isteyerek yard\u0131m eden ki\u015finin, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak teslim olup, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131 ve faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde i\u015flenen su\u00e7larla ilgili bilgi vermesi halinde, hakk\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fct kurmak, y\u00f6netmek veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olmak su\u00e7undan dolay\u0131 cezaya h\u00fckmolunmaz. Ki\u015finin bu bilgileri yakaland\u0131ktan sonra vermesi halinde, hakk\u0131nda bu su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 verilecek cezada \u00fc\u00e7te birden d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7e kadar indirim yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
(5) Etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131ktan yararlanan ki\u015filer hakk\u0131nda bir y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle denetimli serbestlik tedbirine h\u00fckmolunur. Denetimli serbestlik tedbirinin s\u00fcresi \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131la kadar uzat\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
(6) Ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda, bu maddedeki etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmleri birden fazla uygulanmaz.<\/p>\n
Yasada su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurmak, y\u00f6netmek veya bu ama\u00e7la kurulmu\u015f \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olmak su\u00e7lar\u0131 ile ilgili olarak etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00e2li d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Birinci f\u0131krada, \u00f6rg\u00fct kurucu veya y\u00f6neticileri ile ilgili etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verilmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re; su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurmak veya y\u00f6netmek dolay\u0131s\u0131yla haklar\u0131nda soru\u015fturmaya ba\u015flanmadan ve \u00f6rg\u00fc\u00adt\u00fcn amac\u0131 do\u011frultusunda su\u00e7 i\u015flenmeden \u00f6nce, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc da\u011f\u0131tan veya verdi\u011fi bilgilerle \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan ki\u015filer hakk\u0131nda cezaya h\u00fckmolunmaz. \u0130kinci f\u0131krada, su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla kurulmu\u015f \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olan ki\u015fi\u00adlerle ilgili etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesinin, etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fckm\u00fcnden yararlanabilmesi i\u00e7in, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde herhangi bir su\u00e7un i\u015fleni\u015fine i\u015ftirak etmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve ayr\u0131ca, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc ola\u00adrak \u00f6rg\u00fctten ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilgili makamlara bildirmesi gerekir. Bu ko\u015fullar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi h\u00e2linde, hakk\u0131nda cezaya h\u00fckmolunmayacakt\u0131r. Bu ko\u015fullar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftikten sonra, ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesi olmaktan dolay\u0131 soru\u015fturma ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n veya \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ba\u015fkalar\u0131 taraf\u0131n\u00addan su\u00e7 i\u015flenmi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n, etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131ktan yararlanma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir \u00f6nemi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131krada ise, yakalanan \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesi ile ilgili etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verilmi\u015ftir. Yakalanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bu f\u0131krada belirle\u00adnen \u015fartlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi h\u00e2linde \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesi cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmayacakt\u0131r. Bu \u015fartlardan birisi, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde herhangi bir su\u00e7un i\u015fleni\u015fine i\u015ftirak etmemi\u015f olmak; di\u011feri ise, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 veya mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n yakalanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaya elveri\u015fli bilgi vermi\u015f olmakt\u0131r. Verilen bilginin, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 veya mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n yakalanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaya elveri\u015fli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 takdir yetkisi mahkemeye aittir. Ki\u015fi, su\u00e7 i\u015flemek i\u00e7in kurulmu\u015f olan \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn kurucusu, y\u00f6neticisi veya \u00fcyesi olmakla birlikte, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131lanma itibar\u0131yla da\u011f\u0131lma\u00ads\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flama imk\u00e2n\u0131ndan yoksun olabilir. Bu durumda bile, s\u00f6z konusu s\u0131\u00adfatlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan ki\u015filerin belli \u015fartlarda etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131ktan yararlanmas\u0131 sa\u011fla\u00adnabilmelidir. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerle maddenin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re, su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kuran, y\u00f6neten veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olan ki\u015finin, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak teslim olup, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131 ve faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde i\u015flenen su\u00e7larla ilgili bilgi vermesi h\u00e2linde, hakk\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fct kurmak, y\u00f6net\u00admek veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olmak su\u00e7undan dolay\u0131 cezaya h\u00fckmolunmayacakt\u0131r. Kurucu, y\u00f6netici veya \u00fcyenin, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131 ve faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde i\u015flenen su\u00e7larla ilgili bilgileri yakaland\u0131ktan sonra vermesi h\u00e2linde, \u00f6rg\u00fct kurmak, y\u00f6netmek veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olmak su\u00e7undan dolay\u0131 hakk\u0131nda verile\u00adcek cezada belli oranda indirim yap\u0131lmas\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131ktan yararlanarak serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lan ki\u015filer a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00fc\u00advenlik ve topluma uyum sorunu ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle, etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131ktan yararlanan ki\u015filer hakk\u0131nda bir y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle denetimli serbestlik tedbirine h\u00fckmedilmelidir. Bu bir y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre, ki\u015finin serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 an\u00addan itibaren i\u015flemeye ba\u015flar. Denetimli serbestlik tedbirinin uygulanmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k nedeniyle ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda cezaya h\u00fckmolunmamas\u0131 ile indirilmi\u015f cezaya h\u00fckmolunmas\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir fark g\u00f6zetilmemi\u015ftir. Uy\u00adgulanmas\u0131na ba\u015flanan denetimli serbestlik tedbirinin s\u00fcresi h\u00e2kim karar\u0131yla uzat\u0131labilecektir. Ancak s\u00fcre \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ldan fazla olamaz[1].<\/p>\n
Kanun etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fahsi cezas\u0131zl\u0131k sebebi olarak kabul etti\u011fi durumlarda, \u00f6rg\u00fctten ayr\u0131lma veya g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerine teslim olma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u201cg\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fck\u201d esas\u0131n\u0131 benimsedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fck, T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde; \u201cbir i\u015f yapmay\u0131 hi\u00e7bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yokken \u00fcstlenen\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[2].<\/p>\n
\u00d6zetle etkin Pi\u015fmanl\u0131k\u201d TCK\u2019n\u0131n 221. maddesinde be\u015f f\u0131kra olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup birinci, ikinci, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131krada, failler hakk\u0131nda cezaya h\u00fckmolunamayaca\u011f\u0131; d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131krada fail hakk\u0131nda durumuna g\u00f6re cezaya h\u00fckmolunamayaca\u011f\u0131 veya cezas\u0131n\u0131n indirilebilece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Be\u015finci f\u0131krada \u201cetkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131ktan yararlanan ki\u015filer\u201d hakk\u0131nda denetimli serbestlik tedbirinin uygulanabilece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Birinci f\u0131krada \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kuranlar\u0131n ve y\u00f6netenlerin etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bunlar, \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma su\u00e7u nedeniyle soru\u015fturmaya ba\u015flanmadan ve \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn amac\u0131 do\u011frultusunda su\u00e7 i\u015flenmeden \u00f6nce \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc da\u011f\u0131t\u0131rlarsa veya verdikleri bilgilerle \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flarlarsa, haklar\u0131nda cezaya h\u00fckmolunmaz[3].<\/p>\n
Etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131ktaki ama\u00e7, \u00f6rg\u00fct ve mensuplar\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki kan\u0131tlar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmek, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6kertilmesini, \u00fcyelerinin ele ge\u00e7irilmesini, su\u00e7 arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ihbar ederek su\u00e7lunun kollukla i\u015fbirli\u011fini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Kurum bu niteli\u011finden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc vazge\u00e7me ve etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131ktan farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Su\u00e7lunun su\u00e7 arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ihbar etmesi ahlaki olmamakla birlikte, su\u00e7lunun davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nceki davran\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan pi\u015fmanl\u0131k duymas\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilmemektedir. Ancak, hukuk ahlaka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 korumamak zorunda olmakla birlikte, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zarar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek u\u011fruna daha az zarara katlanman\u0131n akl\u0131n gere\u011fi oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Elbette, b\u00fcy\u00fck zararlar do\u011furabilen \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7lulu\u011fu \u00e7\u00f6kertmede zorunlu oldu\u011funda, bu da, bir yol olarak denenmektedir[4].<\/p>\n
Nitekim Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa ili\u015fkin bir karar\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle denilmektedir; \u201cEtkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmleri kanunda failin cezas\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 veya cezada indirim yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren bir \u015fahsi h\u00e2l olarak d\u00fczenlendi\u011finden, \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7luluk kapsam\u0131nda savunmas\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ki\u015fiye bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmas\u0131 CMK’n\u0131n 148. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan “kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir vaat” niteli\u011finde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ki\u015finin de kendi iradesiyle bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerden yararlanmay\u0131 kabul ederek ifade vermesinde ve bu ifadenin ba\u015fka ki\u015filer hakk\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte olan davalarda adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131na uygun olarak o davalar\u0131n san\u0131\u011f\u0131na etkin itiraz yollar\u0131 tan\u0131nmas\u0131 suretiyle delil olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Dosyan\u0131n incelenmesinde; beyanlar\u0131 h\u00fckme esas al\u0131nan tan\u0131klar\u0131n kendi haklar\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturmalarda m\u00fcdafileri huzurundaki ifadelerinde kendi iradeleriyle beyanda bulunmu\u015f olmalar\u0131, a\u015famalarda herhangi bir kimse taraf\u0131ndan kendilerine kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 vaatte bulunuldu\u011funa ya da bu y\u00f6nde zorland\u0131klar\u0131na dair delile dayanan somut iddialar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131, kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131ndaki oturumlarda ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 SEGB\u0130S kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere s\u00f6z konusu tan\u0131klar\u0131n san\u0131\u011fa at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7a ili\u015fkin beyanda bulunmalar\u0131 ve bu su\u00e7a m\u00fc\u015fterek fail s\u0131fat\u0131yla i\u015ftirak etmemeleri nedeniyle tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan ve yeminden \u00e7ekinme haklar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131, bununla birlikte san\u0131k ve m\u00fcdafisinin de haz\u0131r oldu\u011fu ortamda beyanda bulunan tan\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 san\u0131k ve m\u00fcdafisine tan\u0131klara soru sorma ve bu beyanlara kar\u015f\u0131 savunma yapma haklar\u0131n\u0131n etkin \u015fekilde tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 hususlar\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde tan\u0131klar\u0131n dinlenilme usulleri ve bu beyanlar\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilerek h\u00fckme esas al\u0131nmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan mahkeme h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 delile dayanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Baz\u0131 h\u00e2llerde m\u00fcdafisi huzurunda veya yarg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 mahkemede etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k kapsam\u0131nda beyanda bulunan \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131klar, tan\u0131k s\u0131fat\u0131yla ba\u015fka mahkemelerde dinlendi\u011finde, \u00f6rg\u00fctten korkmas\u0131 veya de\u011fi\u015fik sebeplerle \u00f6nceki anlat\u0131m\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7ti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu durumda h\u00e2kim \u00f6n\u00fcnde verilmi\u015f bulunan ifadenin delil de\u011feri yarg\u0131lamay\u0131 yapan mahkemece tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131p de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Di\u011fer delillerin ibraz\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi beyan delili niteli\u011findeki tan\u0131klar; kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak elde edilmi\u015f ise, delille ispat edilmek istenen olay\u0131n karara etkisi yoksa veya istem sadece davay\u0131 uzatmak maksad\u0131yla yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa mahkemece reddedilebilecektir. (CMK’n\u0131n 206\/2. maddesi) Delilin ortaya konulmas\u0131 istemi, bunun veya ispat edilmek istenen olay\u0131n ge\u00e7 bildirilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle reddedilemez. (CMK’n\u0131n 207\/1. maddesi)[5]<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 08.04.2008 tarih ve 9-18-78 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere; etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin amac\u0131, bir yandan ter\u00f6r ve \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7larla m\u00fccadele bak\u0131m\u0131ndan stratejik \u00f6nemi nedeniyle en etkili bilgi edinme ve m\u00fccadele ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan olan \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn kendi mensuplar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak, di\u011fer taraftan da su\u00e7 i\u015flemeyi \u00f6nlemek, mensup oldu\u011fu yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesine engel olanlar\u0131 ve i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7tan pi\u015fmanl\u0131k duyanlar\u0131 cezaland\u0131rmayarak ya da cezalar\u0131nda belli oranlarda indirim yaparak yeniden topluma kazand\u0131rmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n uygulanma ko\u015fullar\u0131na ili\u015fkin Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n bir karar\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle denilmektedir; \u201cTCK’n\u0131n 221. maddesinin 4. f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n 2. c\u00fcmlesinden yararlanabilmek i\u00e7in; failin yakaland\u0131ktan sonra bilgisi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde \u00f6rg\u00fct i\u00e7erisindeki konumuyla uyumlu \u015fekilde kendisinin ve di\u011fer \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyelerinin eylemleri, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131 ve faaliyetleriyle ilgili yeterli ve samimi bilgi vererek su\u00e7tan pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6z ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla g\u00f6stermesi gerekmektedir. Bu bilgi, maddenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda aranan, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6kertecek nitelikteki bilgi de\u011fildir. Verilen bilginin \u00f6nemi cezan\u0131n belirlenmesinde dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d[6].<\/p>\n
TCK’n\u0131n 221. maddesinin 4. f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n 2. c\u00fcmlesi kapsam\u0131nda etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131kta bulunuldu\u011funun kabul\u00fc halinde, bu su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 verilecek cezada 1\/3’ten 3\/4’e kadar bir indirim yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Buna g\u00f6re, belirlenen cezadan en az 1\/3, en fazla 3\/4 oran\u0131nda bir indirim yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Bu iki s\u0131n\u0131r aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak indirim, verilen bilginin niteli\u011fi, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131 ve faaliyetleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde i\u015flenen su\u00e7larla ya da di\u011fer \u00f6rg\u00fct mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n tespiti ile ilgili olmak \u00fczere elveri\u015flilik derecesi, ceza soru\u015fturmas\u0131 ya da kovu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131n hangi a\u015famas\u0131nda etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131kta bulunuldu\u011fu gibi k\u0131staslar nazara al\u0131narak mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan takdir ve tayin edilecektir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda somut olay de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde; silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00fcye oldu\u011fu ve TCK\u2019n\u0131n 221\/4-2. c\u00fcmlesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilen san\u0131\u011f\u0131n incelenen dosya kapsam\u0131 ve delillere g\u00f6re, konumu itibar\u0131yla, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131, faaliyetleri ve \u00f6rg\u00fct mensuplar\u0131 ile ilgili verdi\u011fi bilgilerin faydal\u0131l\u0131k derecesi g\u00f6zetilerek, dosya kapsam\u0131na ve hakkaniyete uygun azami hadde indirim yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekirken dosya kapsam\u0131 ile uyu\u015fmayan yetersiz gerek\u00e7e ile yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 suretiyle fazla ceza tayini, yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r[7].<\/p>\n
5271 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK’n\u0131n 221\/4. f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fct su\u00e7lar\u0131nda etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden en geni\u015f \u015fekilde uygulanma alan\u0131 bulan iki t\u00fcr pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine yer vermektedir. TCK’n\u0131n 221\/4. maddesinin birinci c\u00fcmlesine g\u00f6re; \u00f6rg\u00fct kuran, y\u00f6neten veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olan ya da \u00fcye olmamakla birlikte \u00f6rg\u00fct ad\u0131na su\u00e7 i\u015fleyen veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte bilerek ve isteyerek yard\u0131m eden failin, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak teslim olup \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131 ve faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde i\u015flenen su\u00e7larla ilgili bilgi vermesi h\u00e2linde, hakk\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fct kurmak, y\u00f6netmek veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olmak su\u00e7undan dolay\u0131 cezaya h\u00fckmolunmayacakt\u0131r ve birinci c\u00fcmlenin uygulanabilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak teslim olunmas\u0131nda zorunluluk bulunmaktad\u0131r. TCK’n\u0131n 221\/4. f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesine g\u00f6re ise; g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak yetkili makamlara teslim olmamakla birlikte yakaland\u0131ktan sonra bahsedilen nitelikteki bilgileri veren failin cezas\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7te birinden d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcne kadar indirim yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir. San\u0131k y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yasa maddesinde belirtilen indirim h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in failin yaln\u0131zca maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yararl\u0131 bilgiler vermesi yeterli bulunmamaktad\u0131r[8].<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa ili\u015fkin bir di\u011fer karar\u0131nda ise \u015f\u00f6yle denilmektedir; Olu\u015f, iddia, mahkeme kabul\u00fc ve t\u00fcm dosya kapsam\u0131na g\u00f6re; san\u0131k ikrar\u0131 ve tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131na g\u00f6re 2008-2011 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda dini sohbetlere kat\u0131lan ve himmet veren san\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fct ile ili\u015fkisinin 2011 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmesine ra\u011fmen veri inceleme raporuna g\u00f6re himmet veren ve \u00f6rg\u00fct mensubu gizli tan\u0131k G..’dan ele ge\u00e7irilen micro SD kart \u00fczerinde 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK’n\u0131n 134. maddesine g\u00f6re al\u0131nan mahkeme karar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan inceleme sonucunda Emniyet Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc KOM Daire Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan veri inceleme raporuna g\u00f6re; ”FET\u00d6 mensubu olup ‘G\u2026l’\u0131n elindeki meyyit’ olarak ifade edilen, zaaflar\u0131 olmayan, her \u015feyiyle kendisini \u00f6rg\u00fcte teslim etmi\u015f” S\u2026. kodlu \u00f6rg\u00fct mensuplar\u0131ndan oldu\u011funun belirtilmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda UYAP\u2019ta olu\u015fturulan \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7lar bilgi bankas\u0131 \u00fczerinden san\u0131kla ilgili bilgi yahut ifade bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak varsa onayl\u0131 suretlerinin getirtilmesi, tespiti halinde gerekirse beyan sahiplerinin tan\u0131k s\u0131fat\u0131yla usul\u00fcne uygun olarak dinlenildikten sonra sonucuna g\u00f6re hukuki durumunun tayin ve takdiri ile \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesi kabul edilmesi halinde ise san\u0131\u011f\u0131n beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n niteli\u011fi nazara al\u0131narak TCK’n\u0131n 221. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131larak yeniden beyan\u0131 al\u0131nmak suretiyle hakk\u0131nda etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin de uygulan\u0131p uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekirken eksik ara\u015ft\u0131rma neticesinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131, yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r\u201d[9].<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n uygulan\u0131p uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine ili\u015fkin bir di\u011fer karar\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle denilmektedir; \u201cSan\u0131\u011f\u0131n, temyiz a\u015famas\u0131nda 26.06.2022 tarihli dilek\u00e7esi ile etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131ktan yararlanmak istedi\u011fini bildirip bu y\u00f6nde bilgi vermesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n duru\u015fmada haz\u0131r edilerek beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131n\u0131p, verece\u011fi bilgilerin \u00f6rg\u00fct i\u00e7erisindeki kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre, \u00f6rg\u00fctsel faaliyet ve konumlar\u0131na uygun faydal\u0131 bilgiler olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 eldeki bilgiler ile \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmedi\u011fi ilgili birimlerden sorulup de\u011ferlendirilerek sonucuna g\u00f6re san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK’n\u0131n 221\/4-2. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulan\u0131p uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda zorunluluk bulunmas\u0131, kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup bozmay\u0131 gerektirir[10].<\/p>\n
Etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in r\u0131za aranmaz ise de failin etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden faydalanmak istemedi\u011fini belirtti\u011fi hallerde etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanamaz. Etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ilk derece mahkemesi, istinaf ve temyiz olmak \u00fczere karar kesinle\u015finceye kadar her a\u015famada uygulanabilmektedir. \u00d6rg\u00fctten ayr\u0131lma ba\u011flam\u0131nda g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fck, \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesinin \u00f6rg\u00fct hiyerar\u015fisi d\u00e2hilinde kalmas\u0131 imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131ran veya zorla\u015ft\u0131ran bir d\u0131\u015f etken bulunmaks\u0131z\u0131n kendi h\u00fcr iradesiyle g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctten ayr\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r[11].<\/p>\n
Do\u00e7. Dr. Cengiz APAYDIN
\nCumhuriyet Savc\u0131s\u0131<\/p>\n
Cenk Ayhan APAYDIN
\nAvukat-Yazar<\/p>\n
—————-<\/p>\n
[1] TCK\u2019n\u0131n 220. maddesinin Gerek\u00e7esi.<\/p>\n
[2] Yarg\u0131tay 3. Ceza Dairesi\u2019nin 22. 06. 2022 tarihli, 2021\/1375 esas ve 2022\/3727 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 – https:\/\/www.hukukihaber.net\/yargitay-3-ceza-dairesinin-20211375-e-20223727-k-sayili-karari<\/p>\n
[3] Haf\u0131zo\u011fullar\u0131\/Kur\u015fun, 43.<\/p>\n
[4] Haf\u0131zo\u011fullar\u0131\/Kur\u015fun, 43.<\/p>\n
[5] YCGK\u2019nun 29.12.2021 tarihli, 2021\/9-342 esas ve 2021\/697 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 https:\/\/www.hukukihaber.net\/ceza-genel-kurulunun-2020342-e-2021697-k-sayili-karari<\/p>\n
[6] Yarg\u0131tay 3. Ceza Dairesi\u2019nin 12.05.2015 tarih ve 2015\/1426 esas ve 2015\/1292 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile 26.10.2015 tarih ve 2015\/1565 esas ve 3464 say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131<\/p>\n
[7] Yarg\u0131tay 3. Ceza Dairesi\u2019nin 13.06. 2022 tarihli, 2021\/2371 esas ve 2022\/3570 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 https:\/\/www.hukukihaber.net\/yargitay-3-ceza-dairesinin-20212371-e-20223570-k-sayili-karari<\/p>\n
[8] Nitekim Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n ayn\u0131 do\u011frultudaki bir karar\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle denilmektedir; San\u0131\u011f\u0131n temyiz a\u015famas\u0131nda, 23.02.2021 tarihinde yakalanmas\u0131na m\u00fcteakip, 28.02.2021 tarihinde Ankara \u0130l Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde verdi\u011fi ifadesinde etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmleri kapsam\u0131nda beyanlarda bulunarak 100’e yak\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fct mensubu hakk\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgiler vermesi, hakk\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan yakalama karar\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Ankara 2. A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan tutuklanmas\u0131na karar verildi\u011fi 01.03.2021 tarihli duru\u015fmada etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden faydalanmak istedi\u011fine y\u00f6nelik talebini ve bu kapsamdaki beyanlar\u0131n\u0131 tekrar etmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, duru\u015fmada haz\u0131r edilerek ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131n\u0131p, verdi\u011fi bilgilerin \u00f6rg\u00fct i\u00e7erisindeki kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre, \u00f6rg\u00fctsel faaliyet ve konumuna uygun faydal\u0131 bilgiler olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, eldeki bilgilerle \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmedi\u011fi ilgili birimlerden sorulup de\u011ferlendirilerek sonucuna g\u00f6re hakk\u0131nda 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK’n\u0131n 221. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulan\u0131p uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda zorunluluk bulunmas\u0131, bozmay\u0131 gerektirmektedir\u201d.<\/p>\n
[9] Yarg\u0131tay 3. Ceza Dairesi\u2019nin 8.06.2022 tarihli, 2021\/20423 esas ve 2022\/3352 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 https:\/\/www.hukukihaber.net\/yargitay-3-ceza-dairesinin-202120423-e-20223352-k-sayili-karari<\/p>\n
[10] Yarg\u0131tay 3. Ceza Dairesi\u2019nin 30.06. 2022 tarihli, 2022\/11409 esas ve 2022\/4188 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 https:\/\/www.hukukihaber.net\/yargitay-3-ceza-dairesinin-202211409-e-20224188-k-sayili-karari<\/p>\n
[11] \u015een\/Ery\u0131ld\u0131z, 465 vd.<\/p>\n
\u200bSu\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctleri ile m\u00fccadele \u00e7ok zor ve devaml\u0131l\u0131k gerektiren s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctleri toplumdaki aidiyetler veya menfaatler \u00fczerinden istismarlarda bulunarak sistemin zaaflar\u0131n\u0131 da kullanmak suretiyle su\u00e7 olu\u015fturan eylemlerin yerini, zaman\u0131n\u0131 ve bi\u00e7imini kendileri belirlemektedir. Bu durum su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin bireylere ve topluma zarar verme kapasitesini art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar veya istihbarat \u00f6rg\u00fctleriyle \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc ili\u015fkileri de su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin hareket kabiliyetini art\u0131rmakta olup tehlike ve\/veya zarar verme kapasitelerini b\u00fcy\u00fctmektedir. Bu nedenle yasa koyucu su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctleriyle m\u00fccadele kapsam\u0131nda \u00f6nceli\u011fi \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyelerinin tamam\u0131n\u0131 cezaland\u0131rmaktan \u00f6nce \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc hukuki s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7erisinde ortadan kald\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik yasal d\u00fczenlemeler yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7larla m\u00fccadelede kullan\u0131lan bir ara\u00e7 olup \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyelerinin \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn de\u015fifre olup da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik eylem ve\/veya s\u00f6ylemeleri bir ceza indirimi olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k TCK\u2019n\u0131n 221. maddesinde \u015f\u00f6yle d\u00fczenlenmektedir;<\/p>\n
(1) Su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma su\u00e7u nedeniyle soru\u015fturmaya ba\u015flanmadan ve \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn amac\u0131 do\u011frultusunda su\u00e7 i\u015flenmeden \u00f6nce, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc da\u011f\u0131tan veya verdi\u011fi bilgilerle \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan kurucu veya y\u00f6neticiler hakk\u0131nda cezaya h\u00fckmolunmaz.<\/p>\n
(2) \u00d6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesinin, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde herhangi bir su\u00e7un i\u015fleni\u015fine i\u015ftirak etmeksizin, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctten ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilgili makamlara bildirmesi halinde, hakk\u0131nda cezaya h\u00fckmolunmaz.<\/p>\n
(3) \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde herhangi bir su\u00e7un i\u015fleni\u015fine i\u015ftirak etmeden yakalanan \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesinin, pi\u015fmanl\u0131k duyarak \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 veya mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n yakalanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaya elveri\u015fli bilgi vermesi halinde, hakk\u0131nda cezaya h\u00fckmolunmaz.<\/p>\n
(4) Su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kuran, y\u00f6neten veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olan ya da \u00fcye olmamakla birlikte \u00f6rg\u00fct ad\u0131na su\u00e7 i\u015fleyen veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte bilerek ve isteyerek yard\u0131m eden ki\u015finin, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak teslim olup, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131 ve faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde i\u015flenen su\u00e7larla ilgili bilgi vermesi halinde, hakk\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fct kurmak, y\u00f6netmek veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olmak su\u00e7undan dolay\u0131 cezaya h\u00fckmolunmaz. Ki\u015finin bu bilgileri yakaland\u0131ktan sonra vermesi halinde, hakk\u0131nda bu su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 verilecek cezada \u00fc\u00e7te birden d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7e kadar indirim yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
(5) Etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131ktan yararlanan ki\u015filer hakk\u0131nda bir y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle denetimli serbestlik tedbirine h\u00fckmolunur. Denetimli serbestlik tedbirinin s\u00fcresi \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131la kadar uzat\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
(6) Ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda, bu maddedeki etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmleri birden fazla uygulanmaz.<\/p>\n
Yasada su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurmak, y\u00f6netmek veya bu ama\u00e7la kurulmu\u015f \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olmak su\u00e7lar\u0131 ile ilgili olarak etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00e2li d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Birinci f\u0131krada, \u00f6rg\u00fct kurucu veya y\u00f6neticileri ile ilgili etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verilmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re; su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurmak veya y\u00f6netmek dolay\u0131s\u0131yla haklar\u0131nda soru\u015fturmaya ba\u015flanmadan ve \u00f6rg\u00fc\u00adt\u00fcn amac\u0131 do\u011frultusunda su\u00e7 i\u015flenmeden \u00f6nce, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc da\u011f\u0131tan veya verdi\u011fi bilgilerle \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan ki\u015filer hakk\u0131nda cezaya h\u00fckmolunmaz. \u0130kinci f\u0131krada, su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla kurulmu\u015f \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olan ki\u015fi\u00adlerle ilgili etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesinin, etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fckm\u00fcnden yararlanabilmesi i\u00e7in, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde herhangi bir su\u00e7un i\u015fleni\u015fine i\u015ftirak etmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve ayr\u0131ca, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc ola\u00adrak \u00f6rg\u00fctten ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilgili makamlara bildirmesi gerekir. Bu ko\u015fullar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi h\u00e2linde, hakk\u0131nda cezaya h\u00fckmolunmayacakt\u0131r. Bu ko\u015fullar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftikten sonra, ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesi olmaktan dolay\u0131 soru\u015fturma ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n veya \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ba\u015fkalar\u0131 taraf\u0131n\u00addan su\u00e7 i\u015flenmi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n, etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131ktan yararlanma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir \u00f6nemi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131krada ise, yakalanan \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesi ile ilgili etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verilmi\u015ftir. Yakalanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bu f\u0131krada belirle\u00adnen \u015fartlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi h\u00e2linde \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesi cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmayacakt\u0131r. Bu \u015fartlardan birisi, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde herhangi bir su\u00e7un i\u015fleni\u015fine i\u015ftirak etmemi\u015f olmak; di\u011feri ise, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 veya mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n yakalanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaya elveri\u015fli bilgi vermi\u015f olmakt\u0131r. Verilen bilginin, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 veya mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n yakalanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaya elveri\u015fli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 takdir yetkisi mahkemeye aittir. Ki\u015fi, su\u00e7 i\u015flemek i\u00e7in kurulmu\u015f olan \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn kurucusu, y\u00f6neticisi veya \u00fcyesi olmakla birlikte, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131lanma itibar\u0131yla da\u011f\u0131lma\u00ads\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flama imk\u00e2n\u0131ndan yoksun olabilir. Bu durumda bile, s\u00f6z konusu s\u0131\u00adfatlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan ki\u015filerin belli \u015fartlarda etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131ktan yararlanmas\u0131 sa\u011fla\u00adnabilmelidir. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerle maddenin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re, su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kuran, y\u00f6neten veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olan ki\u015finin, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak teslim olup, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131 ve faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde i\u015flenen su\u00e7larla ilgili bilgi vermesi h\u00e2linde, hakk\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fct kurmak, y\u00f6net\u00admek veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olmak su\u00e7undan dolay\u0131 cezaya h\u00fckmolunmayacakt\u0131r. Kurucu, y\u00f6netici veya \u00fcyenin, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131 ve faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde i\u015flenen su\u00e7larla ilgili bilgileri yakaland\u0131ktan sonra vermesi h\u00e2linde, \u00f6rg\u00fct kurmak, y\u00f6netmek veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olmak su\u00e7undan dolay\u0131 hakk\u0131nda verile\u00adcek cezada belli oranda indirim yap\u0131lmas\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131ktan yararlanarak serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lan ki\u015filer a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00fc\u00advenlik ve topluma uyum sorunu ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle, etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131ktan yararlanan ki\u015filer hakk\u0131nda bir y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle denetimli serbestlik tedbirine h\u00fckmedilmelidir. Bu bir y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre, ki\u015finin serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 an\u00addan itibaren i\u015flemeye ba\u015flar. Denetimli serbestlik tedbirinin uygulanmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k nedeniyle ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda cezaya h\u00fckmolunmamas\u0131 ile indirilmi\u015f cezaya h\u00fckmolunmas\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir fark g\u00f6zetilmemi\u015ftir. Uy\u00adgulanmas\u0131na ba\u015flanan denetimli serbestlik tedbirinin s\u00fcresi h\u00e2kim karar\u0131yla uzat\u0131labilecektir. Ancak s\u00fcre \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ldan fazla olamaz[1].<\/p>\n
Kanun etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fahsi cezas\u0131zl\u0131k sebebi olarak kabul etti\u011fi durumlarda, \u00f6rg\u00fctten ayr\u0131lma veya g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerine teslim olma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u201cg\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fck\u201d esas\u0131n\u0131 benimsedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fck, T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde; \u201cbir i\u015f yapmay\u0131 hi\u00e7bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yokken \u00fcstlenen\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[2].<\/p>\n
\u00d6zetle etkin Pi\u015fmanl\u0131k\u201d TCK\u2019n\u0131n 221. maddesinde be\u015f f\u0131kra olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup birinci, ikinci, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131krada, failler hakk\u0131nda cezaya h\u00fckmolunamayaca\u011f\u0131; d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131krada fail hakk\u0131nda durumuna g\u00f6re cezaya h\u00fckmolunamayaca\u011f\u0131 veya cezas\u0131n\u0131n indirilebilece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Be\u015finci f\u0131krada \u201cetkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131ktan yararlanan ki\u015filer\u201d hakk\u0131nda denetimli serbestlik tedbirinin uygulanabilece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Birinci f\u0131krada \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kuranlar\u0131n ve y\u00f6netenlerin etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bunlar, \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma su\u00e7u nedeniyle soru\u015fturmaya ba\u015flanmadan ve \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn amac\u0131 do\u011frultusunda su\u00e7 i\u015flenmeden \u00f6nce \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc da\u011f\u0131t\u0131rlarsa veya verdikleri bilgilerle \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flarlarsa, haklar\u0131nda cezaya h\u00fckmolunmaz[3].<\/p>\n
Etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131ktaki ama\u00e7, \u00f6rg\u00fct ve mensuplar\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki kan\u0131tlar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmek, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6kertilmesini, \u00fcyelerinin ele ge\u00e7irilmesini, su\u00e7 arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ihbar ederek su\u00e7lunun kollukla i\u015fbirli\u011fini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Kurum bu niteli\u011finden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc vazge\u00e7me ve etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131ktan farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Su\u00e7lunun su\u00e7 arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ihbar etmesi ahlaki olmamakla birlikte, su\u00e7lunun davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nceki davran\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan pi\u015fmanl\u0131k duymas\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilmemektedir. Ancak, hukuk ahlaka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 korumamak zorunda olmakla birlikte, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zarar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek u\u011fruna daha az zarara katlanman\u0131n akl\u0131n gere\u011fi oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Elbette, b\u00fcy\u00fck zararlar do\u011furabilen \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7lulu\u011fu \u00e7\u00f6kertmede zorunlu oldu\u011funda, bu da, bir yol olarak denenmektedir[4].<\/p>\n
Nitekim Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa ili\u015fkin bir karar\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle denilmektedir; \u201cEtkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmleri kanunda failin cezas\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 veya cezada indirim yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren bir \u015fahsi h\u00e2l olarak d\u00fczenlendi\u011finden, \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7luluk kapsam\u0131nda savunmas\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ki\u015fiye bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmas\u0131 CMK’n\u0131n 148. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan “kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir vaat” niteli\u011finde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ki\u015finin de kendi iradesiyle bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerden yararlanmay\u0131 kabul ederek ifade vermesinde ve bu ifadenin ba\u015fka ki\u015filer hakk\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte olan davalarda adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131na uygun olarak o davalar\u0131n san\u0131\u011f\u0131na etkin itiraz yollar\u0131 tan\u0131nmas\u0131 suretiyle delil olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Dosyan\u0131n incelenmesinde; beyanlar\u0131 h\u00fckme esas al\u0131nan tan\u0131klar\u0131n kendi haklar\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturmalarda m\u00fcdafileri huzurundaki ifadelerinde kendi iradeleriyle beyanda bulunmu\u015f olmalar\u0131, a\u015famalarda herhangi bir kimse taraf\u0131ndan kendilerine kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 vaatte bulunuldu\u011funa ya da bu y\u00f6nde zorland\u0131klar\u0131na dair delile dayanan somut iddialar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131, kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131ndaki oturumlarda ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 SEGB\u0130S kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere s\u00f6z konusu tan\u0131klar\u0131n san\u0131\u011fa at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7a ili\u015fkin beyanda bulunmalar\u0131 ve bu su\u00e7a m\u00fc\u015fterek fail s\u0131fat\u0131yla i\u015ftirak etmemeleri nedeniyle tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan ve yeminden \u00e7ekinme haklar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131, bununla birlikte san\u0131k ve m\u00fcdafisinin de haz\u0131r oldu\u011fu ortamda beyanda bulunan tan\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 san\u0131k ve m\u00fcdafisine tan\u0131klara soru sorma ve bu beyanlara kar\u015f\u0131 savunma yapma haklar\u0131n\u0131n etkin \u015fekilde tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 hususlar\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde tan\u0131klar\u0131n dinlenilme usulleri ve bu beyanlar\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilerek h\u00fckme esas al\u0131nmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan mahkeme h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 delile dayanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Baz\u0131 h\u00e2llerde m\u00fcdafisi huzurunda veya yarg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 mahkemede etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k kapsam\u0131nda beyanda bulunan \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131klar, tan\u0131k s\u0131fat\u0131yla ba\u015fka mahkemelerde dinlendi\u011finde, \u00f6rg\u00fctten korkmas\u0131 veya de\u011fi\u015fik sebeplerle \u00f6nceki anlat\u0131m\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7ti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu durumda h\u00e2kim \u00f6n\u00fcnde verilmi\u015f bulunan ifadenin delil de\u011feri yarg\u0131lamay\u0131 yapan mahkemece tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131p de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Di\u011fer delillerin ibraz\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi beyan delili niteli\u011findeki tan\u0131klar; kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak elde edilmi\u015f ise, delille ispat edilmek istenen olay\u0131n karara etkisi yoksa veya istem sadece davay\u0131 uzatmak maksad\u0131yla yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa mahkemece reddedilebilecektir. (CMK’n\u0131n 206\/2. maddesi) Delilin ortaya konulmas\u0131 istemi, bunun veya ispat edilmek istenen olay\u0131n ge\u00e7 bildirilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle reddedilemez. (CMK’n\u0131n 207\/1. maddesi)[5]<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 08.04.2008 tarih ve 9-18-78 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere; etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin amac\u0131, bir yandan ter\u00f6r ve \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7larla m\u00fccadele bak\u0131m\u0131ndan stratejik \u00f6nemi nedeniyle en etkili bilgi edinme ve m\u00fccadele ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan olan \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn kendi mensuplar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak, di\u011fer taraftan da su\u00e7 i\u015flemeyi \u00f6nlemek, mensup oldu\u011fu yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesine engel olanlar\u0131 ve i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7tan pi\u015fmanl\u0131k duyanlar\u0131 cezaland\u0131rmayarak ya da cezalar\u0131nda belli oranlarda indirim yaparak yeniden topluma kazand\u0131rmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n uygulanma ko\u015fullar\u0131na ili\u015fkin Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n bir karar\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle denilmektedir; \u201cTCK’n\u0131n 221. maddesinin 4. f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n 2. c\u00fcmlesinden yararlanabilmek i\u00e7in; failin yakaland\u0131ktan sonra bilgisi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde \u00f6rg\u00fct i\u00e7erisindeki konumuyla uyumlu \u015fekilde kendisinin ve di\u011fer \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyelerinin eylemleri, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131 ve faaliyetleriyle ilgili yeterli ve samimi bilgi vererek su\u00e7tan pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6z ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla g\u00f6stermesi gerekmektedir. Bu bilgi, maddenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda aranan, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6kertecek nitelikteki bilgi de\u011fildir. Verilen bilginin \u00f6nemi cezan\u0131n belirlenmesinde dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d[6].<\/p>\n
TCK’n\u0131n 221. maddesinin 4. f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n 2. c\u00fcmlesi kapsam\u0131nda etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131kta bulunuldu\u011funun kabul\u00fc halinde, bu su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 verilecek cezada 1\/3’ten 3\/4’e kadar bir indirim yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Buna g\u00f6re, belirlenen cezadan en az 1\/3, en fazla 3\/4 oran\u0131nda bir indirim yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Bu iki s\u0131n\u0131r aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak indirim, verilen bilginin niteli\u011fi, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131 ve faaliyetleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde i\u015flenen su\u00e7larla ya da di\u011fer \u00f6rg\u00fct mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n tespiti ile ilgili olmak \u00fczere elveri\u015flilik derecesi, ceza soru\u015fturmas\u0131 ya da kovu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131n hangi a\u015famas\u0131nda etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131kta bulunuldu\u011fu gibi k\u0131staslar nazara al\u0131narak mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan takdir ve tayin edilecektir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda somut olay de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde; silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00fcye oldu\u011fu ve TCK\u2019n\u0131n 221\/4-2. c\u00fcmlesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilen san\u0131\u011f\u0131n incelenen dosya kapsam\u0131 ve delillere g\u00f6re, konumu itibar\u0131yla, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131, faaliyetleri ve \u00f6rg\u00fct mensuplar\u0131 ile ilgili verdi\u011fi bilgilerin faydal\u0131l\u0131k derecesi g\u00f6zetilerek, dosya kapsam\u0131na ve hakkaniyete uygun azami hadde indirim yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekirken dosya kapsam\u0131 ile uyu\u015fmayan yetersiz gerek\u00e7e ile yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 suretiyle fazla ceza tayini, yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r[7].<\/p>\n
5271 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK’n\u0131n 221\/4. f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fct su\u00e7lar\u0131nda etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden en geni\u015f \u015fekilde uygulanma alan\u0131 bulan iki t\u00fcr pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine yer vermektedir. TCK’n\u0131n 221\/4. maddesinin birinci c\u00fcmlesine g\u00f6re; \u00f6rg\u00fct kuran, y\u00f6neten veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olan ya da \u00fcye olmamakla birlikte \u00f6rg\u00fct ad\u0131na su\u00e7 i\u015fleyen veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte bilerek ve isteyerek yard\u0131m eden failin, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak teslim olup \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131 ve faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde i\u015flenen su\u00e7larla ilgili bilgi vermesi h\u00e2linde, hakk\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fct kurmak, y\u00f6netmek veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olmak su\u00e7undan dolay\u0131 cezaya h\u00fckmolunmayacakt\u0131r ve birinci c\u00fcmlenin uygulanabilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak teslim olunmas\u0131nda zorunluluk bulunmaktad\u0131r. TCK’n\u0131n 221\/4. f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesine g\u00f6re ise; g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak yetkili makamlara teslim olmamakla birlikte yakaland\u0131ktan sonra bahsedilen nitelikteki bilgileri veren failin cezas\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7te birinden d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcne kadar indirim yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir. San\u0131k y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yasa maddesinde belirtilen indirim h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in failin yaln\u0131zca maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yararl\u0131 bilgiler vermesi yeterli bulunmamaktad\u0131r[8].<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa ili\u015fkin bir di\u011fer karar\u0131nda ise \u015f\u00f6yle denilmektedir; Olu\u015f, iddia, mahkeme kabul\u00fc ve t\u00fcm dosya kapsam\u0131na g\u00f6re; san\u0131k ikrar\u0131 ve tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131na g\u00f6re 2008-2011 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda dini sohbetlere kat\u0131lan ve himmet veren san\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fct ile ili\u015fkisinin 2011 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmesine ra\u011fmen veri inceleme raporuna g\u00f6re himmet veren ve \u00f6rg\u00fct mensubu gizli tan\u0131k G..’dan ele ge\u00e7irilen micro SD kart \u00fczerinde 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK’n\u0131n 134. maddesine g\u00f6re al\u0131nan mahkeme karar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan inceleme sonucunda Emniyet Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc KOM Daire Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan veri inceleme raporuna g\u00f6re; ”FET\u00d6 mensubu olup ‘G\u2026l’\u0131n elindeki meyyit’ olarak ifade edilen, zaaflar\u0131 olmayan, her \u015feyiyle kendisini \u00f6rg\u00fcte teslim etmi\u015f” S\u2026. kodlu \u00f6rg\u00fct mensuplar\u0131ndan oldu\u011funun belirtilmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda UYAP\u2019ta olu\u015fturulan \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7lar bilgi bankas\u0131 \u00fczerinden san\u0131kla ilgili bilgi yahut ifade bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak varsa onayl\u0131 suretlerinin getirtilmesi, tespiti halinde gerekirse beyan sahiplerinin tan\u0131k s\u0131fat\u0131yla usul\u00fcne uygun olarak dinlenildikten sonra sonucuna g\u00f6re hukuki durumunun tayin ve takdiri ile \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesi kabul edilmesi halinde ise san\u0131\u011f\u0131n beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n niteli\u011fi nazara al\u0131narak TCK’n\u0131n 221. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131larak yeniden beyan\u0131 al\u0131nmak suretiyle hakk\u0131nda etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin de uygulan\u0131p uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekirken eksik ara\u015ft\u0131rma neticesinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131, yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r\u201d[9].<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n uygulan\u0131p uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine ili\u015fkin bir di\u011fer karar\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle denilmektedir; \u201cSan\u0131\u011f\u0131n, temyiz a\u015famas\u0131nda 26.06.2022 tarihli dilek\u00e7esi ile etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131ktan yararlanmak istedi\u011fini bildirip bu y\u00f6nde bilgi vermesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n duru\u015fmada haz\u0131r edilerek beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131n\u0131p, verece\u011fi bilgilerin \u00f6rg\u00fct i\u00e7erisindeki kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre, \u00f6rg\u00fctsel faaliyet ve konumlar\u0131na uygun faydal\u0131 bilgiler olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 eldeki bilgiler ile \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmedi\u011fi ilgili birimlerden sorulup de\u011ferlendirilerek sonucuna g\u00f6re san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK’n\u0131n 221\/4-2. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulan\u0131p uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda zorunluluk bulunmas\u0131, kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup bozmay\u0131 gerektirir[10].<\/p>\n
Etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in r\u0131za aranmaz ise de failin etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden faydalanmak istemedi\u011fini belirtti\u011fi hallerde etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanamaz. Etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ilk derece mahkemesi, istinaf ve temyiz olmak \u00fczere karar kesinle\u015finceye kadar her a\u015famada uygulanabilmektedir. \u00d6rg\u00fctten ayr\u0131lma ba\u011flam\u0131nda g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fck, \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesinin \u00f6rg\u00fct hiyerar\u015fisi d\u00e2hilinde kalmas\u0131 imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131ran veya zorla\u015ft\u0131ran bir d\u0131\u015f etken bulunmaks\u0131z\u0131n kendi h\u00fcr iradesiyle g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctten ayr\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r[11].<\/p>\n
Do\u00e7. Dr. Cengiz APAYDIN
\nCumhuriyet Savc\u0131s\u0131<\/p>\n
Cenk Ayhan APAYDIN
\nAvukat-Yazar<\/p>\n
—————-<\/p>\n
[1] TCK\u2019n\u0131n 220. maddesinin Gerek\u00e7esi.<\/p>\n
[2] Yarg\u0131tay 3. Ceza Dairesi\u2019nin 22. 06. 2022 tarihli, 2021\/1375 esas ve 2022\/3727 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 – https:\/\/www.hukukihaber.net\/yargitay-3-ceza-dairesinin-20211375-e-20223727-k-sayili-karari<\/p>\n
[3] Haf\u0131zo\u011fullar\u0131\/Kur\u015fun, 43.<\/p>\n
[4] Haf\u0131zo\u011fullar\u0131\/Kur\u015fun, 43.<\/p>\n
[5] YCGK\u2019nun 29.12.2021 tarihli, 2021\/9-342 esas ve 2021\/697 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 https:\/\/www.hukukihaber.net\/ceza-genel-kurulunun-2020342-e-2021697-k-sayili-karari<\/p>\n
[6] Yarg\u0131tay 3. Ceza Dairesi\u2019nin 12.05.2015 tarih ve 2015\/1426 esas ve 2015\/1292 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile 26.10.2015 tarih ve 2015\/1565 esas ve 3464 say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131<\/p>\n
[7] Yarg\u0131tay 3. Ceza Dairesi\u2019nin 13.06. 2022 tarihli, 2021\/2371 esas ve 2022\/3570 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 https:\/\/www.hukukihaber.net\/yargitay-3-ceza-dairesinin-20212371-e-20223570-k-sayili-karari<\/p>\n
[8] Nitekim Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n ayn\u0131 do\u011frultudaki bir karar\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle denilmektedir; San\u0131\u011f\u0131n temyiz a\u015famas\u0131nda, 23.02.2021 tarihinde yakalanmas\u0131na m\u00fcteakip, 28.02.2021 tarihinde Ankara \u0130l Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde verdi\u011fi ifadesinde etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmleri kapsam\u0131nda beyanlarda bulunarak 100’e yak\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fct mensubu hakk\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgiler vermesi, hakk\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan yakalama karar\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Ankara 2. A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan tutuklanmas\u0131na karar verildi\u011fi 01.03.2021 tarihli duru\u015fmada etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden faydalanmak istedi\u011fine y\u00f6nelik talebini ve bu kapsamdaki beyanlar\u0131n\u0131 tekrar etmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, duru\u015fmada haz\u0131r edilerek ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131n\u0131p, verdi\u011fi bilgilerin \u00f6rg\u00fct i\u00e7erisindeki kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre, \u00f6rg\u00fctsel faaliyet ve konumuna uygun faydal\u0131 bilgiler olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, eldeki bilgilerle \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmedi\u011fi ilgili birimlerden sorulup de\u011ferlendirilerek sonucuna g\u00f6re hakk\u0131nda 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK’n\u0131n 221. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulan\u0131p uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda zorunluluk bulunmas\u0131, bozmay\u0131 gerektirmektedir\u201d.<\/p>\n
[9] Yarg\u0131tay 3. Ceza Dairesi\u2019nin 8.06.2022 tarihli, 2021\/20423 esas ve 2022\/3352 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 https:\/\/www.hukukihaber.net\/yargitay-3-ceza-dairesinin-202120423-e-20223352-k-sayili-karari<\/p>\n
[10] Yarg\u0131tay 3. Ceza Dairesi\u2019nin 30.06. 2022 tarihli, 2022\/11409 esas ve 2022\/4188 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 https:\/\/www.hukukihaber.net\/yargitay-3-ceza-dairesinin-202211409-e-20224188-k-sayili-karari<\/p>\n
[11] \u015een\/Ery\u0131ld\u0131z, 465 vd.\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctleri ile m\u00fccadele \u00e7ok zor ve devaml\u0131l\u0131k gerektiren s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctleri toplumdaki aidiyetler veya menfaatler \u00fczerinden istismarlarda bulunarak sistemin zaaflar\u0131n\u0131 da kullanmak suretiyle su\u00e7 olu\u015fturan eylemlerin yerini, zaman\u0131n\u0131 ve bi\u00e7imini kendileri belirlemektedir. Bu durum su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin bireylere ve topluma zarar verme kapasitesini art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar veya istihbarat \u00f6rg\u00fctleriyle \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc ili\u015fkileri de su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin hareket kabiliyetini art\u0131rmakta olup tehlike ve\/veya zarar verme kapasitelerini b\u00fcy\u00fctmektedir. Bu nedenle yasa koyucu su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctleriyle m\u00fccadele kapsam\u0131nda \u00f6nceli\u011fi \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyelerinin tamam\u0131n\u0131 cezaland\u0131rmaktan \u00f6nce \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc hukuki s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7erisinde ortadan kald\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik yasal d\u00fczenlemeler yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7larla m\u00fccadelede kullan\u0131lan bir ara\u00e7 olup \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyelerinin \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn de\u015fifre olup da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik eylem ve\/veya s\u00f6ylemeleri bir ceza indirimi olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir. Etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k TCK\u2019n\u0131n 221. maddesinde \u015f\u00f6yle d\u00fczenlenmektedir; (1) Su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma su\u00e7u nedeniyle soru\u015fturmaya ba\u015flanmadan ve \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn amac\u0131 do\u011frultusunda su\u00e7 i\u015flenmeden \u00f6nce, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc da\u011f\u0131tan veya verdi\u011fi bilgilerle \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan kurucu veya y\u00f6neticiler hakk\u0131nda cezaya h\u00fckmolunmaz. (2) \u00d6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesinin, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde herhangi bir su\u00e7un i\u015fleni\u015fine i\u015ftirak etmeksizin, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctten ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilgili makamlara bildirmesi halinde, hakk\u0131nda cezaya h\u00fckmolunmaz. (3) \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde herhangi bir su\u00e7un i\u015fleni\u015fine i\u015ftirak etmeden yakalanan \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesinin, pi\u015fmanl\u0131k duyarak \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 veya mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n yakalanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaya elveri\u015fli …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-144777","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n