ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI<\/p>\n
Esas Say\u0131s\u0131:2020\/12<\/p>\n
Karar Say\u0131s\u0131:2020\/46<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi:10\/9\/2020<\/p>\n
R.G. Tarih – Say\u0131:18\/11\/2020 \u2013 31308<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: Manisa 1. \u0130dare Mahkemesi<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 6\/10\/1983 tarihli ve 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Toplant\u0131 ve G\u00f6steri Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri Kanunu\u2019nun 22. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u2026ve \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri d\u00fczenlenemez.\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 26. ve 34. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptaline karar verilmesi talebidir.<\/p>\n
OLAY: Ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmek istenen toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne izin verilmemesine ili\u015fkin i\u015flemin iptali talebiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davada itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN KANUN H\u00dcKM\u00dc<\/p>\n
Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu kural\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 22. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201cYasak yerler <\/p>\n
Madde 22- (\u2026) ile parklarda, mabetlerde, kamu hizmeti g\u00f6r\u00fclen bina ve tesislerde ve bunlar\u0131n eklentilerinde ve T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisine bir kilometre uzakl\u0131ktaki alan i\u00e7inde toplant\u0131 yap\u0131lamaz ve \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri d\u00fczenlenemez.<\/p>\n
Genel meydanlardaki toplant\u0131larda, halk\u0131n ve ula\u015f\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n gelip ge\u00e7mesini sa\u011flamak \u00fczere valilik ve kaymakaml\u0131klarca yap\u0131lacak d\u00fczenlemelere uyulmas\u0131 zorunludur.\u201d<\/p>\n
II. \u0130LK \u0130NCELEME <\/p>\n
1. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Z\u00fcht\u00fc ARSLAN, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Recep K\u00d6M\u00dcRC\u00dc, Serdar \u00d6ZG\u00dcLD\u00dcR, Burhan \u00dcST\u00dcN, Engin YILDIRIM, Hicabi DURSUN, Celal M\u00fcmtaz AKINCI, Muammer TOPAL, M. Emin KUZ, Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU ve Selahaddin MENTE\u015e\u2019in kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 19\/2\/2020 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda dosyada eksiklik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015fin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. ESASIN \u0130NCELENMES\u0130<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131 ve ekleri, Raport\u00f6r Burak FIRAT taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan i\u015fin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin rapor, itiraz konusu kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc, dayan\u0131lan Anayasa kurallar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n gerek\u00e7eleri ile di\u011fer yasama belgeleri okunup incelendikten sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. \u0130tiraz\u0131n Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
3. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri yapman\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131n birtak\u0131m hak taleplerinin veya hukuksuzluklar\u0131n kamuoyu ile payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak oldu\u011fu, g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 yerin belirlenmesinde o yeri kullanacak di\u011fer bireylerin hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin de g\u00f6zetilmesi ve makul bir dengenin kurulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, ancak b\u00f6yle bir de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmadan itiraz konusu kuralla \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n kategorik olarak yasakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 26. ve 34. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
B. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
4. Kanun\u2019un 22. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda parklarda, mabetlerde, kamu hizmeti g\u00f6r\u00fclen bina ve tesislerde ve bunlar\u0131n eklentilerinde ve T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisine bir kilometre uzakl\u0131ktaki alan i\u00e7inde toplant\u0131 yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 ve \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri d\u00fczenlenemeyece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan f\u0131krada yer alan \u201c\u2026ve \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri d\u00fczenlenemez.\u201d ibaresi itiraz konusu kural\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
5. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda “Herkes, \u00f6nceden izin almadan, silahs\u0131z ve sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131z toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131na sahiptir\u201d denilmek suretiyle toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131 g\u00fcvenceye ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan hak, bireylerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131nda bulunmak amac\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131k veya kapal\u0131 mek\u00e2nlarda, kamu otoriteleri ile \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin m\u00fcdahalesi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ge\u00e7ici olarak bir araya gelebilme serbestisini korumaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
6. Toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131, bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi a\u00e7\u0131klamak, ortak \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 savunmak, belli fikir ve kanaatler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kamuoyu olu\u015fturmak ve siyasal karar organlar\u0131n\u0131 etkilemek i\u00e7in bireylerin bir araya gelebilmeleri amac\u0131na hizmet eder. Bu nedenle s\u00f6z konusu hak, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle de yak\u0131ndan ilgili olup ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile birlikte demokratik toplumun temelini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla demokratik bir toplumda ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00f6sterilen \u00f6nem ve hassasiyetin, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
7. Kural, \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenlenemeyece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmek suretiyle toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131 yer y\u00f6n\u00fcnden s\u0131n\u0131rlamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
8. Anayasa Mahkemesi, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n yer y\u00f6n\u00fcnden s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin temel yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 22. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201cGenel yollar \u2026\u201d ibaresinin iptaline karar verdi\u011fi 28\/9\/2017 tarihli ve E.2014\/101 ve K.2017\/142 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
9. An\u0131lan kararda toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 bir miktar zorla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz oldu\u011fu, genel yollar\u0131n farkl\u0131 ama\u00e7larla kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n, farkl\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fi, ancak temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler aras\u0131nda makul bir denge kurularak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde her ikisinin de korundu\u011fu bir yolun benimsenmesi gerekti\u011fi, bu ba\u011flamda genel yollarda toplant\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmesinin bu yollar\u0131 kullanan ki\u015filerin seyahat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131n\u0131n, otomatik olarak bu yollarda toplant\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmeyece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Trafik ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 riskinin, genel yollar\u0131n toplant\u0131lara tamamen kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na hakl\u0131l\u0131k kazand\u0131rmayaca\u011f\u0131na vurgu yap\u0131lan kararda g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam\u0131n etkilenme boyutuna y\u00f6nelik herhangi bir de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n genel yollarda toplant\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n kategorik olarak yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131n demokratik toplumda zorunlu bir toplumsal ihtiyaca kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelmedi\u011fi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kuralla getirilen s\u00f6z konusu s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygun bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama olarak nitelendirilemeyece\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131larak kural\u0131n iptaline karar verilmi\u015ftir (AYM, E.2014\/101, K.2017\/142, 28\/9\/2017, \u00a7\u00a7 119, 123).<\/p>\n
10. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde \u201cTemel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler, \u00f6zlerine dokunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca Anayasan\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar, Anayasan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin ve l\u00e2ik Cumhuriyetin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u201d denilmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131na itiraz konusu kuralla getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n ilgili maddesinde belirtilen sebeplere dayanma, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmama \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131p sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
11. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda uygulanacak \u015fekil, \u015fart ve usullerin kanunda g\u00f6sterilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu kapsamda kabul edilen 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 22. maddesinde toplant\u0131 yap\u0131lamayacak ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenlenemeyecek yerler belirlenmi\u015f olup \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda da g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenlenmesi yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
12. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik, kamu d\u00fczeni, su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi, genel sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve genel ahl\u00e2k\u0131n veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilece\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir. \u015eehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenlenmesi, kamu d\u00fczenini ve di\u011fer insanlar\u0131n seyahat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc etkileyebilir. Nitekim maddenin \u201cMaddede toplant\u0131 ve y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f yap\u0131lmas\u0131 yasak olan yerler a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f, ayr\u0131ca trafik d\u00fczeninin aksamamas\u0131 hususu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmu\u015ftur\u201d \u015feklindeki gerek\u00e7esinden, kanun koyucunun \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenlenmesini yasaklama nedeninin trafik d\u00fczeninin aksat\u0131lmamas\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
13. Trafik d\u00fczeninin aksamas\u0131n\u0131n kamu d\u00fczenini ve di\u011fer bireylerin seyahat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc etkileyebilece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu itibarla \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenlenemeyece\u011fini h\u00fckme ba\u011flayan kuralla getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda belirtilen s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebeplerine uygun olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla anayasal ba\u011flamda me\u015fru bir amac\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
14. \u015eehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fczenlenmesi, farkl\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilmektedir. Yukar\u0131da da ifade edildi\u011fi \u00fczere temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerden birinin di\u011ferine tercih edilmesi de\u011fil, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler aras\u0131nda makul bir denge kurularak her ikisinin de gerekti\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde korundu\u011fu bir yolun benimsenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda, \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenlenmesinin bu yollar\u0131 kullanan ki\u015filerin seyahat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131, o alanda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n kategorik olarak yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmez. Di\u011fer bir ifadeyle trafik ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 riski ve bunun do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar, \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerine tamamen kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na hakl\u0131l\u0131k kazand\u0131rmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
15. G\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 g\u00fczerg\u00e2h belirlenirken trafik d\u00fczeninin etkilenip etkilenmedi\u011fi hususunun da g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmas\u0131, haklar aras\u0131nda denge kurulabilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan gerekli ise de trafik d\u00fczeninin aksamamas\u0131na mutlak bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131nmas\u0131, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131 ile kamu d\u00fczeni ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri aras\u0131ndaki dengenin toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131 aleyhine orant\u0131s\u0131z bir \u015fekilde bozulmas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furacakt\u0131r. Zira Anayasa Mahkemesinin \u00f6nceki kararlar\u0131nda da i\u015faret edildi\u011fi \u00fczere toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 bir miktar zorla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olup demokratik toplumda bu hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam\u0131 bir miktar zorla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcyle kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 gerekir (AYM, E.2014\/101, K.2017\/142, 28\/9\/2017, \u00a7 51; Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer ve di\u011ferleri [GK], B. No: 2013\/3924, 6\/1\/2015, \u00a7 119; Dilan \u00d6g\u00fcz Canan [GK], B. No: 2014\/20411, 30\/11\/2017, \u00a7 41; G\u00fcl\u015fah \u00d6zt\u00fcrk ve di\u011ferleri, B. No: 2013\/3936, 17\/2\/2016, \u00a7 69).<\/p>\n
16. Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 mek\u00e2n\u0131n belirlenmesinde ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine mutlak bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131nmas\u0131 durumunda, sadece belirli yerler g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131 olacak, geri kalan yerler ise mutlak olarak yasaklanm\u0131\u015f alan say\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Oysa baz\u0131 durumlarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerin muhataplar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyebilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi mek\u00e2n\u0131n, se\u00e7ilen g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6nemi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Demokratik bir toplumda zorlay\u0131c\u0131 bir neden bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a ki\u015filerin g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fczenleyecekleri mek\u00e2n\u0131 se\u00e7ebilmeleri gerekir.<\/p>\n
17. \u00d6te yandan, trafik d\u00fczeninin aksamamas\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn dikkate al\u0131nmayaca\u011f\u0131 da s\u00f6ylenemez. Bu kapsamda bir yerde g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fczenlenmesi nedeniyle trafi\u011fin aksamas\u0131 g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ve katlan\u0131lamaz derecede zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorsa anayasal ilke ve kurallara uygun davran\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131yla s\u00f6z konusu hakk\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u0130tiraz konusu kuralda ise zorla\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n boyutuna y\u00f6nelik herhangi bir d\u00fczenleme \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmeksizin \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fczenlenmesi kategorik olarak yasaklanmaktad\u0131r. Bu itibarla toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131na getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlama zorunlu bir toplumsal ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygun bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama olarak de\u011ferlendirilemez.<\/p>\n
18. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 34. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ptali gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe farkl\u0131 gerek\u00e7eyle kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Serdar \u00d6ZG\u00dcLD\u00dcR, Burhan \u00dcST\u00dcN, Muammer TOPAL, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e ve Basri BA\u011eCI bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 34. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclerek iptal edildi\u011finden ayr\u0131ca Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 26. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
IV. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
6\/10\/1983 tarihli ve 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Toplant\u0131 ve G\u00f6steri Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri Kanunu\u2019nun 22. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u2026ve \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri d\u00fczenlenemez.\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve \u0130PTAL\u0130NE, Serdar \u00d6ZG\u00dcLD\u00dcR, Burhan \u00dcST\u00dcN, Muammer TOPAL, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e ile Basri BA\u011eCI\u2019n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131oylar\u0131 ve 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 65. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince OY\u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA 10\/9\/2020 tarihinde karar verildi.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
Z\u00fcht\u00fc ARSLAN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Serdar \u00d6ZG\u00dcLD\u00dcR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Burhan \u00dcST\u00dcN<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Hicabi DURSUN<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Celal M\u00fcmtaz AKINCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Muammer TOPAL<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
M. Emin KUZ<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
FARKLI GEREK\u00c7E<\/p>\n
1. Mahkememizce, 6\/10\/1983 tarihli ve 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Toplant\u0131 ve G\u00f6steri Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri Kanunu\u2019nun 22. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u2026ve \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri d\u00fczenlenemez.\u201d ibaresinin iptaline karar verilmi\u015ftir. \u0130ptal karar\u0131na a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilen gerek\u00e7elerle i\u015ftirak ediyorum.<\/p>\n
2. 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 22. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda parklarda, mabetlerde, kamu hizmeti g\u00f6r\u00fclen bina ve tesislerde ve bunlar\u0131n eklentilerinde ve T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisine bir kilometre uzakl\u0131ktaki alan i\u00e7inde toplant\u0131 yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 ve \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri d\u00fczenlenemeyece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. Toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda, \u201cHerkes, \u00f6nceden izin almadan, silahs\u0131z ve sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131z toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131na sahiptir.\u201d denilmek suretiyle anayasal g\u00fcvenceye ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4. Anayasa Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131nda belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi ifade etme bi\u00e7imlerinden birini olu\u015fturur ve bireylerin bir fikri a\u00e7\u0131klamak, ortak \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 savunmak, belli fikir ve kanaatler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kamuoyu olu\u015fturmak ve siyasal karar organlar\u0131n\u0131 etkilemek i\u00e7in bir araya gelebilmeleri amac\u0131na hizmet eder. Bu hak ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle yak\u0131ndan ilgilidir ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile birlikte demokratik toplumun \u00f6nemli unsurlar\u0131ndan birisini olu\u015fturur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla demokratik bir toplumda ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00f6sterilen \u00f6nem ve hassasiyetin, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131na da g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
5. Toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131 ve mahiyeti ile konuya ili\u015fkin Anayasa Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131 g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde, bu hakk\u0131n, toplant\u0131 veya g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 mek\u00e2n\u0131 se\u00e7me serbestisini de kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu itibarla bireylerin toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleyecekleri yeri belirleme serbest\u00eesini s\u0131n\u0131rlayan d\u00fczenlemeler bu hakka m\u00fcdahale niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
6. \u0130tiraz konusu kural \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenlenemeyece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmek suretiyle an\u0131lan hakka s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirmektedir.<\/p>\n
7. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesinde toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc mutlak bir hak olarak d\u00fczenlenmemi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re demokratik toplum a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir hak olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri de Anayasa\u2019da belirtilen nedenlere, kural ve ilkelere uygun davranmak kayd\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131labilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kanun koyucunun temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131n rejimini d\u00fczenleyen Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesine uygun davranmak ko\u015fuluyla toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc yap\u0131lacak yer ve g\u00fczerg\u00e2hlara y\u00f6nelik olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar getirmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
8. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde \u201cTemel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler, \u00f6zlerine dokunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca Anayasan\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar, Anayasan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin ve l\u00e2ik Cumhuriyetin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u201d denilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
9. Buna g\u00f6re kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespit edilebilmesi i\u00e7in kuralla getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesinde belirtilen sebeplere dayanma, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygun olma ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmama \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131p sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
10. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik, kamu d\u00fczeni, su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi, genel sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve genel ahl\u00e2k\u0131n veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilece\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
11. \u015eehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenlenmesi kamu d\u00fczenini ve di\u011fer insanlar\u0131n seyahat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc etkileyebilir. \u0130tiraz konusu kural\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde \u201cMaddede toplant\u0131 ve y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f yap\u0131lmas\u0131 yasak olan yerler a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f, ayr\u0131ca trafik d\u00fczeninin aksamamas\u0131 hususu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmu\u015ftur.\u201d denilmi\u015ftir. Gerek\u00e7eye g\u00f6re kanun koyucunun \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenlenmesini yasaklama nedeninin trafik d\u00fczeninin aksat\u0131lmamas\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
12. \u015eehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenlenmesinin, buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak da trafik d\u00fczeninin aksamas\u0131n\u0131n, ba\u015fta g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc yapacak bireylerin olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok ki\u015finin can ve mal g\u00fcvenli\u011fini dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kamu d\u00fczenini ve bir k\u0131s\u0131m bireylerin seyahat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc etkileyebilece\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zd\u0131r. Bu nedenle g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131n belirlenmesinde trafik d\u00fczeninin aksamamas\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn dikkate al\u0131nmayaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemeyece\u011finden, itiraz konusu kuralla getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda belirtilen s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebeplerine uygun olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sonucuna var\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131na dayanan kural\u0131n anayasal ba\u011flamda me\u015fru bir amac\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ancak kural\u0131n anayasal ba\u011flamda me\u015fru bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama nedenine dayanmas\u0131 yeterli olmay\u0131p demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygun bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama niteli\u011fini de ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
13. Anayasa Mahkemesinin muhtelif kararlar\u0131nda i\u015faret edildi\u011fi \u00fczere bir k\u0131s\u0131m hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler ile di\u011fer bir k\u0131s\u0131m hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler aras\u0131nda veya bir k\u0131s\u0131m hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler ile kamu yarar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 halinde, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerden birinin di\u011ferine tercih edilmesi gibi bir yolun de\u011fil, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler aras\u0131nda veya \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler ile kamu yarar\u0131 aras\u0131nda makul bir denge kuran, her ikisini de gerekti\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde koruyan bir yolun benimsenmesi gerekir. Ayr\u0131ca toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 bir miktar zorla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz oldu\u011funun, demokratik toplumda bu zorla\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcyle kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin de dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir. (AYM, E.2014\/101, K.2017\/142, 28\/9\/2017, \u00a7 51; Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer ve di\u011ferleri [GK], B. No: 2013\/3924, 6\/1\/2015, \u00a7 119; Dilan \u00d6g\u00fcz Canan [GK], B. No: 2014\/20411, 30\/11\/2017, \u00a7 41; G\u00fcl\u015fah \u00d6zt\u00fcrk ve di\u011ferleri, B. No: 2013\/3936, 17\/2\/2016, \u00a7 69).<\/p>\n
14. 2918 say\u0131l\u0131 Karayollar\u0131 Trafik Kanunu\u2019na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131n\u0131n (eri\u015fme kontroll\u00fc karayollar\u0131- otoyollar, ekspres yollar, tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc karayollar\u0131, iki y\u00f6nl\u00fc karayollar\u0131, b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f karayollar\u0131 vb. \u015fekilde) farkl\u0131 \u00f6zellikleri haiz bir\u00e7ok t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu durum dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc yap\u0131labilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan her bir \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayoluna farkl\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131m g\u00f6sterilebilece\u011fi; ayr\u0131ca g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirili\u015f bi\u00e7imleri ile g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lacak olanlar\u0131n say\u0131sal farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n da her t\u00fcrdeki \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayolu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmeler yap\u0131labilmesine imk\u00e2n sa\u011flayabilece\u011fi; hal b\u00f6yle olunca da salt trafik d\u00fczenin aksamamas\u0131 amac\u0131n\u0131n temini bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcnde ve her durumda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n mutlak olarak yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131n gerekmedi\u011fi, itiraz konusu kuralda ise bu durumla \u00e7eli\u015fen bir h\u00fckme yer verildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir ifadeyle salt trafik ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 riskinin ve bunun do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n, bir\u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fidi bulunan \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131n\u0131n aralar\u0131nda ayr\u0131m yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn kategorik olarak g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerine tamamen kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na hakl\u0131l\u0131k kazand\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
15. Ayr\u0131ca belirtmek gerekir ki baz\u0131 durumlarda, ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerin muhataplar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyebilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi mek\u00e2n\u0131n, se\u00e7ilen g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6nemi bulunur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla demokratik bir toplumda zorlay\u0131c\u0131 bir neden bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a ki\u015filerin g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fczenleyecekleri mek\u00e2n\u0131 se\u00e7ebilmeleri gerekir.<\/p>\n
16. Bu itibarla haklar aras\u0131nda denge kurulabilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131n belirlenmesinde trafik d\u00fczeninin etkilenip etkilenmedi\u011fi hususu g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulabilecek bir unsur niteli\u011fini haiz ise de bundan hareketle yukar\u0131da belirtilen hususlar ba\u011flam\u0131nda demokratik toplum d\u00fczeni bak\u0131m\u0131ndan gereklili\u011fi ortaya konulmaks\u0131z\u0131n, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131na nazaran trafik d\u00fczeninin aksamamas\u0131na mutlak bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gerekleriyle ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
17. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 34. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ptali gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eI OY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/p>\n
Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131, ayn\u0131 maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca, f\u0131krada belirtilen ama\u00e7larla kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilmektedir. Yine ayn\u0131 maddenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda uygulanacak \u015fekil, \u015fart ve usullerin kanunda g\u00f6sterilece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130ptal istemine konu kural, Anayasan\u0131n an\u0131lan h\u00fck\u00fcmleri do\u011frultusunda bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama \u00f6ng\u00f6rmekte ve \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc yap\u0131lmas\u0131 yasaklamaktad\u0131r. \u00dclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6steren (eri\u015fme kontroll\u00fc karayollar\u0131-otoyollar, ekspres yollar, tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc karayollar\u0131, iki y\u00f6nl\u00fc karayollar\u0131, b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f karayollar\u0131 vb.) \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerinin yasaklanmas\u0131, \u015f\u00fcphesiz kamu d\u00fczeninin (trafik g\u00fcvenli\u011fi) ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131na day\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirebilece\u011fini d\u00fczenledi\u011fi bir hakk\u0131n, yine Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesine uygun bi\u00e7imde s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131 gerekir. Kural bu y\u00f6n\u00fc itibariyle de 13. maddeye uygun olup, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. Aksinin kabul\u00fc, karayolu trafi\u011fine tahsisli \u015fehirleraras\u0131 yollar\u0131n yayalarca g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc sahas\u0131 olarak yo\u011fun bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7acak, can ve mal g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da karayolu ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve trafi\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck risk ve tehlike alt\u0131na girecektir. Kamu d\u00fczeni ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131 gibi Anayasal kriterler bir istisna olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f ve bu konuda yasa koyucuya bir takdir hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fken, g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n bu istisna g\u00f6zetilmeksizin adeta mutlak bir hak gibi de\u011ferlendirilmek suretiyle, ki\u015filerin diledikleri mek\u00e2nda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenlemeleri gerekti\u011fi \u015feklinde bir sonuca ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, belirtilen Anayasal d\u00fczenlemelerle uyumlu de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle; kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve iptal isteminin reddine karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fi kanaatine vard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zdan; \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun aksi y\u00f6ndeki karar\u0131na kat\u0131lm\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Serdar \u00d6ZG\u00dcLD\u00dcR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Burhan \u00dcST\u00dcN<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eI OY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/p>\n
Toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131, Anayasan\u0131n 34. maddesinde yeralan mutlak olmayan anayasal bir hakt\u0131r. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34\/2. maddesi gere\u011fince bu hak; milli g\u00fcvenlik, kamu d\u00fczeni, su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi, genel sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve genel ahlak\u0131n veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla ve kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131labilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 11. maddesinde bu hak toplanma hakk\u0131 olarak isimlendirilmekte ve Anayasadaki d\u00fczenlemenin aksine g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden bir hak veya unsur olarak bahsedilmemektedir. Bununla birlikte Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131nda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, toplanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel bir tezah\u00fcr \u015fekli olarak s\u00f6z konusu hak kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmektedir1. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde oturma eylemi yapmak ve slogan atmakta toplanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel tezah\u00fcr \u015fekilleri olarak kabul g\u00f6rmektedir2.<\/p>\n
Anayasada yer alan d\u00fczenlemeye uygun \u015fekilde toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131 her iki faaliyeti de kapsayacak \u015fekilde ve her ikisini de ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak suretiyle 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu Kanunun 2. maddesinde toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc kavramlar\u0131 ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kanunun sistemati\u011finde de bu iki faaliyet genel olarak birlikte zikredilmek suretiyle de\u011ferlemelere tabi tutulmakla birlikte, itiraz talebine konu 22. maddede oldu\u011fu gibi ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 d\u00fczenlemelere de tabi olabilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131 niteli\u011fi itibariyle ba\u015fta ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesinde bir ara\u00e7 hak olarak da fonksiyon icra etmektedir. 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 2. maddesindeki tan\u0131mlarda toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u201cbelirli konular \u00fczerinde halk\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatmak ve kamuoyu yaratmak suretiyle o konuyu benimsetmek i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin d\u00fczenleyecekleri faaliyetler\u201d olarak nitelendirilmek suretiyle, bu hakk\u0131n ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle olan ili\u015fkisi \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte toplanma hakk\u0131 din ve vicdan h\u00fcrriyetinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesinde de fonksiyon icra edebilmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6z\u00fc itibariyle gerek toplanma ve gerekse g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunda iki ayr\u0131 faaliyet olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f olsa da \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc toplanma fiilinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu tek bir hakt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca ba\u015fta d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi a\u00e7\u0131klama ve yayma h\u00fcrriyeti olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer haklar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesine de hizmet eden bir ara\u00e7 hak niteli\u011findedir.<\/p>\n
Yukar\u0131da da ifade edildi\u011fi gibi bu hak Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nde \u201ctoplanma hakk\u0131\u201d ismiyle hayat bulmakta, toplanma fiiline ek olarak y\u00fcr\u00fcme, oturma, slogan atma, protestoda bulunma \u015feklinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilmektedir. Hakk\u0131n temelinde birden fazla ki\u015finin bir araya gelerek kendilerini ifade etmeleri yatmaktad\u0131r. Buradan hareketle ve Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin 11. maddesindeki d\u00fczenleme dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, aslolan insanlar\u0131n bir araya gelerek kendilerini ifade etmeleri, toplanmak suretiyle birlikteliklerinden olu\u015facak g\u00fc\u00e7ten istifade etmeleridir.<\/p>\n
Kanun koyucu 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 22\/1. maddesinde \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri i\u00e7in uygun bir mek\u00e2n olarak de\u011ferlendirmemektedir. Bu durumun Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususuna gelince, \u00f6ncelikle s\u00f6z konusu hakk\u0131n Anayasa\u2019daki d\u00fczenleni\u015f \u015fekline bak\u0131lmas\u0131nda fayda vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yukar\u0131da da belirtildi\u011fi gibi s\u00f6z konusu hak tan\u0131mlan\u0131rken nitelik itibariyle tasnife tabi tutularak ancak silahs\u0131z ve sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131z olan toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri temel bir hak olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca kendisini d\u00fczenleyen maddede \u00f6zel k\u0131s\u0131tlama sebepleriyle tahdit edilebilece\u011fi de belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu ba\u011flamda bir toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc silahs\u0131z ve sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131z olsa bile Anayasan\u0131n 34\/2. maddesinde say\u0131lan sebeplerle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmaya tabi tutulaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sebepler aras\u0131nda \u201cba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131\u201d gerek\u00e7esiyle yap\u0131lacak s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar konumuz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da \u00f6zel \u00f6nem arz etmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u015eehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131 insanlar\u0131n ba\u015fta seyahat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak i\u00e7in yararland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerdir. Bu hakk\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131 ayr\u0131ca ki\u015filerin m\u00fclklerini kullanmalar\u0131, e\u011fitim haklar\u0131ndan yararlanmalar\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haklar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeleri i\u00e7in de kulland\u0131klar\u0131 mekanlard\u0131r. Bu nedenle \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerinin ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fta seyahat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok hakk\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131 olarak etkileyece\u011fi gayet a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bu yollar\u0131 kullanan ambulans ve itfaiye ara\u00e7lar\u0131 gibi acil hareket etmeleri bireylerin ya\u015fam hakk\u0131yla do\u011frudan ilintili vas\u0131talar nedeniyle buralarda yap\u0131lacak faaliyetlerin ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam haklar\u0131na da olumsuz tesir etme ihtimali bulunmaktad\u0131r. Hatta g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerine kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n dahi \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri gere\u011fi ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131n tehlikeye girme ihtimali de bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan toplanma ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n kendisinden umulan fonksiyonu yerine getirebilmesi i\u00e7in birtak\u0131m rahats\u0131zl\u0131klara neden olmas\u0131n\u0131 da tahamm\u00fclle kar\u015f\u0131lamak gerekti\u011fi genel kabul g\u00f6ren bir ger\u00e7ekliktir. Buradaki \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc ise ba\u015fkalar\u0131 ve kamu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan toplant\u0131 g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden kaynaklanacak s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n katlan\u0131lmaz boyutlara ula\u015fmamas\u0131d\u0131r3.<\/p>\n
2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 22. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131 ile kanun koyucu bir hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ile ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131 noktas\u0131nda \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda toplanmaya izin vermek ama g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerini yasaklamak suretiyle makul bir denge kurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Daha statik ve kontrol\u00fc nispeten daha kolay olan toplanma faaliyetine izin vermek suretiyle bireylerin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini kullanmalar\u0131na ve seslerini duyurmalar\u0131na imk\u00e2n sa\u011flarken, daha dinamik ve kontrol\u00fc daha zor olan, ayr\u0131ca zaman itibariyle daha uzun s\u00fcrede ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme ihtimali y\u00fcksek bulunan g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerini k\u0131s\u0131tlamak suretiyle Anayasan\u0131n 34\/2. maddesinde say\u0131lan k\u0131s\u0131tlama sebeplerinden yararlanarak ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini kullanmalar\u0131n\u0131 teminat alt\u0131na almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130tiraz istemine konu olan d\u00fczenleme, sadece g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131 ve toplanma faaliyetine dair bir yasak ihtiva etmemesi nedeniyle hakk\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcne temas eden ve onu anlams\u0131z k\u0131lan bir nitelik g\u00f6stermemektedir.<\/p>\n
Bu itibarla, hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir k\u0131s\u0131tlama mahiyetinde oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez. Zira temel faaliyet olan toplanma konusunda bir yasak i\u00e7ermemekte, bu hakk\u0131n \u00f6zel tezah\u00fcr \u015fekillerinden sadece bir tanesi olan g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenlemeye tahdit koymaktad\u0131r. Toplanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n muhtevas\u0131nda yer alan oturma eylemi, protesto, slogan atma gibi bireylerin kendilerini ifade etme imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 halen kullan\u0131labilir niteliktedir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7o\u011funlu\u011fun itiraza konu d\u00fczenlemenin kategorik bir yasak getirdi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne de i\u015ftirak d\u00f6rt sebeple m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6ncelikle Anayasada kanun koyucunun kategorik d\u00fczenleme yapmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130kinci olarak, kanun koyucunun yer ismi zikretmek suretiyle yapaca\u011f\u0131 her k\u0131s\u0131tlamay\u0131 kategorik k\u0131s\u0131tlama olarak nitelemek yasaman\u0131n genellik fonksiyonuyla \u00e7eli\u015fecektir. Bu kayg\u0131yla hareket edilmesi durumunda tek tek say\u0131larak getirilecek k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131 hacme kanun metinlerinde yer verilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayacak, muhtemelen amaca hizmet edecek bir\u00e7ok unsur d\u00fczenleme d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kalarak kanun kalitesini olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkileyecektir.<\/p>\n
\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc olarak, k\u0131s\u0131tlama t\u00fcm ula\u015f\u0131m yollar\u0131n\u0131 kapsam\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun kastetti\u011fi manada kategorik bir k\u0131s\u0131tlama akla gelebilirdi. Ancak mevcut d\u00fczenlemede yasak t\u00fcm ula\u015f\u0131m yollar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil sadece \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131n\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r. D\u00fczenlemede bu yerlerin toplumun ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 ve bireylerin temel haklar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ifa etti\u011fi i\u015flev kanun koyucu taraf\u0131ndan dikkate al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun makul olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmek de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Son olarak, getirilen k\u0131s\u0131tlama denetime konu temel hak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kategorik bir k\u0131s\u0131tlama ihtiva etmemekte, toplanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n bir\u00e7ok tezah\u00fcr \u015feklinden sadece g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc y\u00f6n\u00fcnden tahdit i\u00e7ermekte bu durum da temel hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ciddi bir engel olu\u015fturmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
D\u00fczenlemenin t\u00fcm bu nitelikleri birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde; kanun koyucunun takdir hudutlar\u0131 dahilinde hareket etti\u011fi, getirilen k\u0131s\u0131tlaman\u0131n hakk\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcne dokunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Anayasada \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00f6zel k\u0131s\u0131tlama sebeplerine dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131, demokratik toplum gerekliliklerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil etmedi\u011fi ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun iptal y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne i\u015ftirak edilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Muammer TOPAL<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/p>\n
1) 6.10.1983 tarihli, 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Toplant\u0131 ve G\u00f6steri Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri Kanunu\u2019nun; 22. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u2026ve \u015fehirler aras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri d\u00fczenlenemez.\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 34. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle sayg\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funluk taraf\u0131ndan verilen iptal karar\u0131na a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle kat\u0131lmamaktay\u0131z.<\/p>\n
2) Toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131, mutlak bir hak olmay\u0131p kanun ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan haklardand\u0131r. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 34. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131, ayn\u0131 maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca, f\u0131krada belirtilen ama\u00e7larla kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, maddenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda uygulanacak \u015fekil, \u015fart ve usullerin kanunda g\u00f6sterilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
3) Dava konusu kural ile, \u015fehirler aras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri d\u00fczenlenmesi yasaklanmak suretiyle g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirilmi\u015ftir. Getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlama, \u201cba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131\u201d me\u015fru amac\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc oldu\u011fu hususunda da bir \u015f\u00fcphe bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4) \u015eehirler aras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri d\u00fczenlemesi yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 kural\u0131 ile \u015fehirler aras\u0131 karayollar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir s\u0131n\u0131rlamaya gidilmi\u015f olup, g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerinin d\u00fczenlenebilece\u011fi ba\u015fka mekanlar ve alanlar \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Milyonlarca insan\u0131n birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kent ya\u015fam\u0131nda ve ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n h\u0131zland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir k\u00fcreselle\u015fme ortam\u0131nda; mahiyetleri itibariyle g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerinin d\u00fczenlenmesinin mekan ve yer itibariyle s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f ya\u015fam\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n getirdi\u011fi bir zorunluluk oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n
5) \u015eehirler aras\u0131 karayollar\u0131n\u0131n as\u0131l var olma amac\u0131; yerel, b\u00f6lgesel, ulusal ve k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeyde ara\u00e7lar\u0131n (insan ve e\u015fya) ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ve seyahatinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 olup, buralarda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri d\u00fczenlenmesi ki\u015filerin seyahat ve ula\u015f\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 zedeler. Maddenin gerek\u00e7esinden, kanun koyucunun \u015fehirler aras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri d\u00fczenlenmesini yasaklamas\u0131n\u0131n nedeninin trafik d\u00fczeninin aksat\u0131lmamas\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u015eehirler aras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda, trafik d\u00fczeninin aksat\u0131lmadan g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenlenmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kanun koyucu, buralar\u0131n g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc g\u00fczergah\u0131 olarak belirlenmesine y\u00f6nelik bir yasak \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
6) \u015eehirler aras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri d\u00fczenlenmesi; trafi\u011fi aksatacak, yava\u015flatacak ve hatta bir s\u00fcre durduracak olmas\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle, g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam\u0131n \u201ca\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ve katlan\u0131lamaz\u201d derecede zorla\u015fmas\u0131na neden olacakt\u0131r. \u015eehirler aras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen bir g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn sebep oldu\u011fu trafi\u011fin aksamas\u0131 nedeniyle olu\u015fan ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n ma\u011fduriyetleri ile zedelenen hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenlerle, itiraz konusu kuralla toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahale, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine bir ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
7) G\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri d\u00fczenlemesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u015fehirler aras\u0131 karayollar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir s\u0131n\u0131rlamaya gidilmi\u015f olmas\u0131, g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerinin d\u00fczenlenebilece\u011fi ba\u015fka mekanlar ve alanlar \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131 birlikte ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; geldi\u011fimiz ileti\u015fim ve haberle\u015fme ko\u015fullar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, g\u00f6steri ve y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n etkinli\u011fine zarar vermemektedir. G\u00f6steri ve y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015f kitlelere duyurulmas\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131, geldi\u011fimiz bili\u015fim ve teknoloji d\u00fczeyinde; sosyal medya, yerel, b\u00f6lgesel, ulusal hatta k\u00fcresel medya ve haber ajanslar\u0131 duyurmaktad\u0131r. Yirmi d\u00f6rt saat yay\u0131n yapan \u00e7ok say\u0131da internet, g\u00f6rsel ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 bas\u0131n ile g\u00f6steri ve y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn duyurulmas\u0131 imkan ve f\u0131rsat\u0131 var oldu\u011fundan, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin zedelenmesine yol a\u00e7abilecek, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n ma\u011fduriyetine neden olabilecek, \u015fehirler aras\u0131 yolda g\u00f6steri yapma zorunlulu\u011funu ortadan kald\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenlerle, itiraz konusu kuralla toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahale, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygun bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.<\/p>\n
8) \u015eehirler aras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri d\u00fczenlenmesinin yasaklanmas\u0131, g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri d\u00fczenlenecek mekanlar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131raca\u011f\u0131ndan g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahale niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir. \u015eehirler aras\u0131 karayollar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri d\u00fczenlenme yeri olarak belirlenmesinin yasaklanmas\u0131 suretiyle hakka yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131na dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve me\u015fru oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Me\u015fru amaca dayanan bu s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rma Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesi uyar\u0131nca demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygun ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc bulunmas\u0131 da ayr\u0131ca gerekmektedir. S\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rma, getirilen hakk\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcne dokunmayan ve demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin gereklerine uygun ve ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u015eehirler aras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri d\u00fczenlenmesi yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklayan kural, \u00e7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131n aksine Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 34. maddelerine uygun bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
——————<\/p>\n
1 Christians Against Racisim and Fascism – Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k (Prg.148)<\/p>\n
2 Cisse – Fransa, Oya Ataman – T\u00fcrkiye<\/p>\n
3 Eva Molnar – Macaristan<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 10\/9\/2020 tarihli, 2020\/12 esas – 2020\/46 karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI Esas Say\u0131s\u0131:2020\/12 Karar Say\u0131s\u0131:2020\/46 Karar Tarihi:10\/9\/2020 R.G. Tarih – Say\u0131:18\/11\/2020 \u2013 31308 \u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: Manisa 1. \u0130dare Mahkemesi \u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 6\/10\/1983 tarihli ve 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Toplant\u0131 ve G\u00f6steri Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri Kanunu\u2019nun 22. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u2026ve \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri d\u00fczenlenemez.\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 26. ve 34. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptaline karar verilmesi talebidir. OLAY: Ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmek istenen toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne izin verilmemesine ili\u015fkin i\u015flemin iptali talebiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davada itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur. I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN KANUN H\u00dcKM\u00dc Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu kural\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 22. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u201cYasak yerler Madde 22- (\u2026) ile parklarda, mabetlerde, kamu hizmeti g\u00f6r\u00fclen bina ve tesislerde ve bunlar\u0131n eklentilerinde ve T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisine bir kilometre uzakl\u0131ktaki alan i\u00e7inde toplant\u0131 yap\u0131lamaz ve \u015fehirleraras\u0131 karayollar\u0131nda g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri d\u00fczenlenemez. Genel meydanlardaki toplant\u0131larda, halk\u0131n ve ula\u015f\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n gelip ge\u00e7mesini sa\u011flamak \u00fczere valilik ve kaymakaml\u0131klarca yap\u0131lacak d\u00fczenlemelere uyulmas\u0131 zorunludur.\u201d II. \u0130LK \u0130NCELEME 1. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Z\u00fcht\u00fc ARSLAN, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Recep K\u00d6M\u00dcRC\u00dc, Serdar \u00d6ZG\u00dcLD\u00dcR, Burhan \u00dcST\u00dcN, Engin YILDIRIM, Hicabi DURSUN, Celal M\u00fcmtaz AKINCI, Muammer TOPAL, M. Emin KUZ, Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU ve Selahaddin …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-134730","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n