6306 say\u0131l\u0131 Afet Riski Alt\u0131ndaki Alanlar\u0131n D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi Hakk\u0131nda Kanun, afet riski ta\u015f\u0131yan yap\u0131lar\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 ve etkin bi\u00e7imde d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesini sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla idareye ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yetkiler tan\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu yetkilerden biri, riskli yap\u0131lar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda maliklerin yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00f6zel hukuk s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerine m\u00fcdahale edebilme yetkisidir. \u00d6zellikle Kanun\u2019un 6\/A maddesiyle birlikte, idareye maliklerin kendi aralar\u0131nda ya da y\u00fckleniciyle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 in\u015faat s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerini feshetme ve s\u00fcrece m\u00fcdahale etme yetkisi verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bu d\u00fczenleme, s\u00f6zle\u015fme serbestisi ve m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 gibi temel anayasal g\u00fcvencelere do\u011frudan m\u00fcdahale anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Yetkinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, kapsam\u0131 ve dayana\u011f\u0131 ise hem idari uygulama hem de yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u015fekillenmi\u015ftir. \u0130dareye tan\u0131nan bu m\u00fcdahale yetkisi, bireyler aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7erli \u00f6zel hukuk s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerini yok sayma g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahiptir. Bu nedenle, s\u00f6z konusu m\u00fcdahale ancak belirli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler ve anayasal ilkeler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde me\u015fru kabul edilebilir.<\/p>\n
Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin 10.07.2019 tarihli ve E. 2018\/71, K. 2019\/56 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda, 6\/A maddesinin iptali talebi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f; afet riski ta\u015f\u0131yan yap\u0131lar\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve kamu yarar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zorunlu oldu\u011fu vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mahkeme, idarenin s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye m\u00fcdahale yetkisinin kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu m\u00fcdahalenin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine uygun oldu\u011funu belirterek d\u00fczenlemenin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na h\u00fckmetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bu karar, s\u00f6z konusu m\u00fcdahalenin anayasal dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymakla birlikte, yetkinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n keyfi \u015fekilde geni\u015fletilemeyece\u011fini de ima etmektedir. Nitekim Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 35. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca, temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere m\u00fcdahale ancak kanunla, kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131yla ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Dan\u0131\u015ftay 6. Dairesi\u2019nin 2022\/503 E., 2023\/1969 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda ise maliklerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu ile y\u00fcklenici aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcrecini engelledi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle idarece feshedilmesi hukuka uygun bulunmu\u015ftur. Kararda, 6306 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan i\u015flemlerin kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkin oldu\u011fu, malik \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun talebi ve kamusal menfaatin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2linde idarenin taraflar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k r\u0131zas\u0131 olmasa bile s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye m\u00fcdahale edebilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Ancak ayn\u0131 zamanda, bu m\u00fcdahalenin hukuka uygunluk ta\u015f\u0131yabilmesi i\u00e7in y\u00fcklenicinin savunma hakk\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131, s\u00fcrecin \u015feffaf y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi ve somut gerek\u00e7elere dayand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Uygulamada ise bu yetkinin kullan\u0131m\u0131 bir\u00e7ok soruna yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Y\u00fckleniciler, maliklerle usul\u00fcne uygun \u015fekilde yapt\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelere ra\u011fmen, s\u00fcrecin yava\u015flamas\u0131 veya az\u0131nl\u0131k maliklerin direnci nedeniyle idarece d\u0131\u015flanabilmekte; bu da y\u00fcklenicilerin ciddi ekonomik zararlara u\u011framas\u0131na sebep olabilmektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin taraf\u0131 olmayan idarenin, \u00f6zel hukuk ili\u015fkisine m\u00fcdahale ederek bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi ge\u00e7ersiz saymas\u0131, \u00f6zellikle y\u00fcklenici a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f haklara m\u00fcdahale niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yabilmektedir. \u00d6te yandan baz\u0131 durumlarda, maliklerin imzas\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015f bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme, \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi veya ba\u015fka bir y\u00fckleniciyle anla\u015fmak istemesi \u00fczerine idare taraf\u0131ndan h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz say\u0131labilmektedir. Bu da s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik ilkeleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ciddi sak\u0131ncalar do\u011furmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcm bu de\u011ferlendirmeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, idareye tan\u0131nan s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye m\u00fcdahale yetkisi, ola\u011fan hukuk sisteminde istisnai bir m\u00fcdahale bi\u00e7imidir. Yetkinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn etkin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi ve kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla kabul edilse de, kapsam\u0131 ancak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck, orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k ve hukuki g\u00fcvenlik ilkeleriyle s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Bu yetkinin keyfi ya da \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, anayasal koruma alt\u0131ndaki m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve hukuki g\u00fcvenlik ilkelerini zedeleyebilir. Bu nedenle, uygulamada s\u00f6z konusu m\u00fcdahalenin gerek\u00e7eli, denetlenebilir ve t\u00fcm taraflar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zeten bir \u015fekilde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi zorunludur.<\/p>\n
\u200b6306 say\u0131l\u0131 Afet Riski Alt\u0131ndaki Alanlar\u0131n D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi Hakk\u0131nda Kanun, afet riski ta\u015f\u0131yan yap\u0131lar\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 ve etkin bi\u00e7imde d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesini sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla idareye ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yetkiler tan\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu yetkilerden biri, riskli yap\u0131lar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda maliklerin yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00f6zel hukuk s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerine m\u00fcdahale edebilme yetkisidir. \u00d6zellikle Kanun\u2019un 6\/A maddesiyle birlikte, idareye maliklerin kendi aralar\u0131nda ya da y\u00fckleniciyle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 in\u015faat s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerini feshetme ve s\u00fcrece m\u00fcdahale etme yetkisi verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bu d\u00fczenleme, s\u00f6zle\u015fme serbestisi ve m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 gibi temel anayasal g\u00fcvencelere do\u011frudan m\u00fcdahale anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Yetkinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, kapsam\u0131 ve dayana\u011f\u0131 ise hem idari uygulama hem de yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u015fekillenmi\u015ftir. \u0130dareye tan\u0131nan bu m\u00fcdahale yetkisi, bireyler aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7erli \u00f6zel hukuk s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerini yok sayma g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahiptir. Bu nedenle, s\u00f6z konusu m\u00fcdahale ancak belirli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler ve anayasal ilkeler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde me\u015fru kabul edilebilir.<\/p>\n
Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin 10.07.2019 tarihli ve E. 2018\/71, K. 2019\/56 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda, 6\/A maddesinin iptali talebi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f; afet riski ta\u015f\u0131yan yap\u0131lar\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve kamu yarar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zorunlu oldu\u011fu vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mahkeme, idarenin s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye m\u00fcdahale yetkisinin kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu m\u00fcdahalenin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine uygun oldu\u011funu belirterek d\u00fczenlemenin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na h\u00fckmetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bu karar, s\u00f6z konusu m\u00fcdahalenin anayasal dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymakla birlikte, yetkinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n keyfi \u015fekilde geni\u015fletilemeyece\u011fini de ima etmektedir. Nitekim Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 35. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca, temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere m\u00fcdahale ancak kanunla, kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131yla ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Dan\u0131\u015ftay 6. Dairesi\u2019nin 2022\/503 E., 2023\/1969 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda ise maliklerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu ile y\u00fcklenici aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcrecini engelledi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle idarece feshedilmesi hukuka uygun bulunmu\u015ftur. Kararda, 6306 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan i\u015flemlerin kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkin oldu\u011fu, malik \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun talebi ve kamusal menfaatin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2linde idarenin taraflar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k r\u0131zas\u0131 olmasa bile s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye m\u00fcdahale edebilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Ancak ayn\u0131 zamanda, bu m\u00fcdahalenin hukuka uygunluk ta\u015f\u0131yabilmesi i\u00e7in y\u00fcklenicinin savunma hakk\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131, s\u00fcrecin \u015feffaf y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi ve somut gerek\u00e7elere dayand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Uygulamada ise bu yetkinin kullan\u0131m\u0131 bir\u00e7ok soruna yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Y\u00fckleniciler, maliklerle usul\u00fcne uygun \u015fekilde yapt\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelere ra\u011fmen, s\u00fcrecin yava\u015flamas\u0131 veya az\u0131nl\u0131k maliklerin direnci nedeniyle idarece d\u0131\u015flanabilmekte; bu da y\u00fcklenicilerin ciddi ekonomik zararlara u\u011framas\u0131na sebep olabilmektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin taraf\u0131 olmayan idarenin, \u00f6zel hukuk ili\u015fkisine m\u00fcdahale ederek bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi ge\u00e7ersiz saymas\u0131, \u00f6zellikle y\u00fcklenici a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f haklara m\u00fcdahale niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yabilmektedir. \u00d6te yandan baz\u0131 durumlarda, maliklerin imzas\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015f bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme, \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi veya ba\u015fka bir y\u00fckleniciyle anla\u015fmak istemesi \u00fczerine idare taraf\u0131ndan h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz say\u0131labilmektedir. Bu da s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik ilkeleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ciddi sak\u0131ncalar do\u011furmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcm bu de\u011ferlendirmeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, idareye tan\u0131nan s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye m\u00fcdahale yetkisi, ola\u011fan hukuk sisteminde istisnai bir m\u00fcdahale bi\u00e7imidir. Yetkinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn etkin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi ve kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla kabul edilse de, kapsam\u0131 ancak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck, orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k ve hukuki g\u00fcvenlik ilkeleriyle s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Bu yetkinin keyfi ya da \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, anayasal koruma alt\u0131ndaki m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve hukuki g\u00fcvenlik ilkelerini zedeleyebilir. Bu nedenle, uygulamada s\u00f6z konusu m\u00fcdahalenin gerek\u00e7eli, denetlenebilir ve t\u00fcm taraflar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zeten bir \u015fekilde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi zorunludur.\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
6306 say\u0131l\u0131 Afet Riski Alt\u0131ndaki Alanlar\u0131n D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi Hakk\u0131nda Kanun, afet riski ta\u015f\u0131yan yap\u0131lar\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 ve etkin bi\u00e7imde d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesini sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla idareye ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yetkiler tan\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu yetkilerden biri, riskli yap\u0131lar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda maliklerin yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00f6zel hukuk s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerine m\u00fcdahale edebilme yetkisidir. \u00d6zellikle Kanun\u2019un 6\/A maddesiyle birlikte, idareye maliklerin kendi aralar\u0131nda ya da y\u00fckleniciyle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 in\u015faat s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerini feshetme ve s\u00fcrece m\u00fcdahale etme yetkisi verilmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00fczenleme, s\u00f6zle\u015fme serbestisi ve m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 gibi temel anayasal g\u00fcvencelere do\u011frudan m\u00fcdahale anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Yetkinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, kapsam\u0131 ve dayana\u011f\u0131 ise hem idari uygulama hem de yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u015fekillenmi\u015ftir. \u0130dareye tan\u0131nan bu m\u00fcdahale yetkisi, bireyler aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7erli \u00f6zel hukuk s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerini yok sayma g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahiptir. Bu nedenle, s\u00f6z konusu m\u00fcdahale ancak belirli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler ve anayasal ilkeler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde me\u015fru kabul edilebilir. Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin 10.07.2019 tarihli ve E. 2018\/71, K. 2019\/56 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda, 6\/A maddesinin iptali talebi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f; afet riski ta\u015f\u0131yan yap\u0131lar\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve kamu yarar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zorunlu oldu\u011fu vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mahkeme, idarenin s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye m\u00fcdahale yetkisinin kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu m\u00fcdahalenin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine uygun oldu\u011funu belirterek d\u00fczenlemenin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na h\u00fckmetmi\u015ftir. Bu karar, s\u00f6z konusu m\u00fcdahalenin anayasal dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymakla birlikte, yetkinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n keyfi \u015fekilde geni\u015fletilemeyece\u011fini de ima etmektedir. Nitekim Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 35. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca, …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-127276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n