T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
E. K. BA\u015eVURUSU<\/p>\n
(Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2020\/17496)<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi: 11\/6\/2024<\/p>\n
B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcyeler<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
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Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
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Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
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Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
Raport\u00f6r<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
H\u00fcseyin Ozan ADIYAMAN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucu<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Vekili<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Av. Ya\u011fmur KILI\u00c7<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
I. BA\u015eVURUNUN \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvuru; a\u00e7l\u0131k grevindeki tutuklu ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fclerin sa\u011fl\u0131k durumuna dikkat \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in toplanan gruba kar\u015f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, yakalama sonras\u0131nda fiziksel ve s\u00f6zl\u00fc \u015fiddet uygulanmas\u0131 ve bu olaya y\u00f6nelik \u015fik\u00e2yetin etkili soru\u015fturulmamas\u0131 nedeniyle insan haysiyetiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmayan muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvurucu, \u0130stanbul Barosuna kay\u0131tl\u0131 bir avukatt\u0131r. PKK\/KCK silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131 olan A.\u00d6.n\u00fcn tutuldu\u011fu ceza infaz kurumundaki \u015fartlar\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in a\u00e7l\u0131k grevine ba\u015flayan Halklar\u0131n Demokratik Partisi (HDP) Hakk\u00e2ri Milletvekili L.G. ve baz\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fclerin sa\u011fl\u0131k durumlar\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekmek amac\u0131yla Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y Kapal\u0131 Kad\u0131n Ceza \u0130nfaz Kurumu (Ceza \u0130nfaz Kurumu) \u00f6n\u00fcnde eylem yap\u0131lmas\u0131 planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu eyleme kat\u0131lan grupta yer alan ba\u015fvurucu 9\/5\/2019 tarihinde g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. Ba\u015fvurucu 11\/5\/2019 tarihinde adli kolluk biriminde \u015f\u00fcpheli s\u0131fat\u0131yla verdi\u011fi ifadesinde savunmas\u0131n\u0131 Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131 huzurunda yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beyan etmi\u015ftir. Tutuklanmas\u0131 talebiyle sevk edildi\u011fi \u0130stanbul 5. Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimli\u011fi (H\u00e2kimlik) 13\/5\/2019 tarihinde ba\u015fvurucunun adli kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131narak serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu, H\u00e2kimlikteki sorgusunda g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131rken ve g\u00f6zalt\u0131ndayken kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin fiziksel ve s\u00f6zl\u00fc \u015fiddetine u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
4. Ba\u015fvurucu 25\/10\/2019 tarihli dilek\u00e7eyle, 9\/5\/2019 tarihinde ya\u015fanan olaylar kapsam\u0131nda kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 fiziksel ve s\u00f6zl\u00fc \u015fiddet niteli\u011finde eylemlerde bulunan kamu g\u00f6revlileri hakk\u0131nda su\u00e7 duyurusunda bulunmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fvurucu; an\u0131lan dilek\u00e7ede a\u00e7l\u0131k grevindeki baz\u0131 m\u00fcvekkillerinin ailelerinin ceza infaz kurumunun \u00f6n\u00fcnde yapacaklar\u0131 bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na avukatlar\u0131 olarak e\u015flik etti\u011fini, bu s\u0131rada kad\u0131nlara kar\u015f\u0131 orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanan kolluk g\u00f6revlilerini uyarmas\u0131 nedeniyle darbedilerek g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, g\u00f6zalt\u0131 arac\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrken ve g\u00f6zalt\u0131 arac\u0131ndayken kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin kendisini yo\u011fun \u015fekilde darbettiklerini ve hakaret ettiklerini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ba\u015fvurucu, y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc avukatl\u0131k mesle\u011fiyle ilgili olarak k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131na vurgu yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna ek olarak su\u00e7 duyurusunda; ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olaylara tan\u0131k olan ve a\u00e7\u0131k kimlik bilgilerini bildirdi\u011fi ki\u015filerin dinlenmesini, olayla ilgili olarak bas\u0131n yay\u0131n organlar\u0131nda yer verilen g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 CD’nin ve polis kamera kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n temin edilip incelenmesini, fiziksel ve s\u00f6zl\u00fc \u015fiddet niteli\u011finde eylemlerde bulunan kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin tespitini ve te\u015fhisini talep etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
5. An\u0131lan \u015fik\u00e2yet dilek\u00e7esindeki iddialarla ilgili olarak soru\u015fturmaya ba\u015flayan Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k) Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y \u0130l\u00e7e Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne (Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc) hitaben yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 14\/11\/2019 tarihli yaz\u0131yla, soru\u015fturmaya konu olayla ilgili olarak bilgi verilmesini ve d\u00fczenlenen evrak\u0131n g\u00f6nderilmesini istemi\u015ftir. Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn yaz\u0131 cevab\u0131nda g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi evrak i\u00e7inde di\u011ferlerine ek olarak 9\/5\/2019 tarihli Olay ve Yakalama Tutana\u011f\u0131, 12\/5\/2019 tarihli G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc \u0130nceleme ve Tespit Tutana\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen genel adli muayene raporlar\u0131 da yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
6. Ba\u015fvurucunun imzadan imtina etti\u011fi 9\/5\/2019 tarihli Olay ve Yakalama Tutana\u011f\u0131’na g\u00f6re kolluk birimleri, A.\u00d6.n\u00fcn ceza infaz kurumundaki tutulma \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in a\u00e7l\u0131k grevi yapan ki\u015filere destek vermek ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybedenleri anmak amac\u0131yla ceza infaz kurumu \u00f6n\u00fcnde oturma eylemi yap\u0131labilece\u011fini, bu eylemi HDP’nin organize edece\u011fini, eyleme PKK\/KCK silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne m\u00fczahir ki\u015filerin de kat\u0131labilece\u011fini de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan tutanakta, ceza infaz kurumu yak\u0131n\u0131nda toplanan gruba Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y Kaymakaml\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131s\u0131 tebli\u011f edilerek te\u015febb\u00fcs ettikleri eylemin izinsiz ve kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funun bildirildi\u011fi ve da\u011f\u0131lmalar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde megafon arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00fc\u00e7 kez ikazda bulunuldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca da\u011f\u0131lmamakta \u0131srar eden gruba kolluk g\u00f6revlileri taraf\u0131ndan m\u00fcdahale edildi\u011fi, ba\u015fvurucunun g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f; polis arac\u0131na binmemek i\u00e7in diren\u00e7 g\u00f6steren ki\u015filere kademeli ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc \u015fekilde zor kullan\u0131larak g\u00f6zalt\u0131na alma i\u015fleminin tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
7. Adli kolluk g\u00f6revlileri taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen 12\/5\/2019 tarihli G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc \u0130nceleme ve Tespit Tutana\u011f\u0131’nda ba\u015fvurucunun eylem yapan grup i\u00e7inde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve grupla hareket etti\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Bununla birlikte 9\/5\/2019 tarihli genel adli muayene raporunda, ba\u015fvurucunun sa\u011f el bile\u011finde 3×3 cm’lik k\u0131zar\u0131kl\u0131k, sol omuzda hafif k\u0131zar\u0131kl\u0131k tespit edildi\u011fi ve sa\u011f omuzda a\u011fr\u0131 tarif edildi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. 13\/5\/2019 tarihli genel adli muayene raporunda ise ba\u015fvurucunun v\u00fccudunda darp ve cebir izine rastlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
8. Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k, ba\u015fkaca herhangi bir i\u015flem yapmadan 2\/1\/2020 tarihinde \u015f\u00fcpheli kolluk g\u00f6revlileri hakk\u0131nda kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. Karar gerek\u00e7esinde te\u015febb\u00fcs edilen eylemin izinsiz ve kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funun \u00fc\u00e7 kez bildirildi\u011fine vurgu yapan Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k, kolluk g\u00f6revlileri taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan g\u00fcc\u00fcn orant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu kabul etmi\u015ftir. Karar\u0131n ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“… Yap\u0131lan inceleme neticesinde ise 09.05.2019 tarihli Olay ve Yakalama Tutana\u011f\u0131’nda belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, kolluk g\u00f6revlilerince, a\u00e7l\u0131k grevinde olan HDP Hakk\u00e2ri Milletvekili [L.G.ye] destek olmak amac\u0131yla oturma eylemi yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenilmesi \u00fczerine, tedbir al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131; s\u00f6z konusu gruba destek olmak amac\u0131yla kimi HDP’li milletvekillerinin de grupta yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131; grubun y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe ba\u015flamas\u0131 \u00fczerine, kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin grubun \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc kesip, yap\u0131lan eylemin izinsiz ve kanunsuz oldu\u011fu, Kaymakaml\u0131k Makam\u0131nca eylem yapman\u0131n yasaklanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funun bildirildi\u011fi ve megafon arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00fc\u00e7 defa da\u011f\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131n istendi\u011fi; grubun da\u011f\u0131lmamas\u0131 \u00fczerine, gruba orant\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde m\u00fcdahalede bulunularak eylemin sonland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130fade edilmelidir ki m\u00fc\u015ftekinin ve m\u00fcvekkillerinin, izinsiz olarak toplanmalar\u0131 nedeniyle, kolluk g\u00f6revlilerince, grubun, ihtara ra\u011fmen da\u011f\u0131lmamalar\u0131 \u00fczerine, orant\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde zor kullan\u0131larak eylemin sonland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup, bu kapsamda, zor kullanma yetkisinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya da bu yetkinin tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 a\u015far bi\u00e7imde fizik\u00ee m\u00fcdahalede bulunuldu\u011fu yolunda delil bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Keza m\u00fc\u015ftekiye, hakarette bulunulmu\u015f oldu\u011fu yolunda da delil bulunmamaktad\u0131r.”<\/p>\n
9. Kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair karara kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan itiraz, Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y 2. Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimli\u011fince reddedilmi\u015ftir. \u0130tiraz\u0131n reddi karar\u0131 1\/4\/2020 tarihinde ba\u015fvurucunun vekiline tebli\u011f edilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu 15\/6\/2020 tarihinde bireysel ba\u015fvuruda bulunmu\u015ftur. COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 nedeniyle 25\/3\/2020 tarihli ve 7226 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun uyar\u0131nca 13\/3\/2020 tarihinden 15\/6\/2020 tarihine kadar bireysel ba\u015fvuru s\u00fcresinin durdu\u011fu dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015fvurunun s\u00fcresinde oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
10. \u00d6te yandan ba\u015fvurucunun silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne yard\u0131m etme, 6\/10\/1983 tarihli ve 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Toplant\u0131 ve G\u00f6steri Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri Kanunu’na muhalefet etme su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fledi\u011fi iddias\u0131yla \u0130stanbul 23. A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesinde (A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesi) dava a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu davan\u0131n 11\/7\/2023 tarihli celsesinde ba\u015fvurucunun an\u0131lan su\u00e7lardan beraatine karar verilmi\u015ftir. Karar gerek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle ba\u015fvurucunun slogan atmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, fiziksel m\u00fcdahalede bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve g\u00f6zalt\u0131 arac\u0131na binerken diren\u00e7 g\u00f6stermedi\u011finin tespit edildi\u011fi kamera g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerine dayan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Beraat karar\u0131 istinaf kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurulmadan kesinle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Beraat karar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131ndaki ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“… Eylem Arzu KAYAO\u011eLU’nun g\u00f6sterici grupla birlikte g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin bulundu\u011fu yere sessizce geldi\u011fi, herhangi bir slogan atmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, g\u00f6zalt\u0131lar s\u0131ras\u0131nda herhangi bir fiziki m\u00fcdahalede bulunmadan ‘nap\u0131yorsunuz’ \u015feklinde tepki g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi, diren\u00e7 g\u00f6stermeden g\u00f6zalt\u0131 arabas\u0131na bindirildi\u011fi…<\/p>\n
Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 32\/1. maddesinde tan\u0131mlanan su\u00e7un olu\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, toplanan gruba da\u011f\u0131lmalar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ihtar yap\u0131lmal\u0131, ihtara ra\u011fmen da\u011f\u0131lmamalar\u0131 halinde zor kullanmaya ba\u015fvurulmal\u0131, zor kullanmaya ra\u011fmen de failin da\u011f\u0131lmamakta \u0131srar etmesi gerekti\u011fi, Yarg\u0131tay 16. Ceza Dairesi’nin 2018\/99E., 2018\/1342K. say\u0131l\u0131 emsal nitelikteki karar\u0131nda ‘Kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 toplant\u0131 g\u00f6steri ve y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 sabit olan san\u0131klar\u0131n kolluk g\u00f6revlilerince yap\u0131lan ihtar akabinde tazyikli su ile yap\u0131lan 1. m\u00fcdahale sonras\u0131nda \u0131slanmamak ve g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nmamak i\u00e7in ka\u00e7arken yakalanmaktan ibaret eylemlerinin 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 32\/1. maddesinde ‘ihtara ve zor kullanmaya ra\u011fmen da\u011f\u0131lmamakta \u0131srar ederlerse’ \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanan direnme su\u00e7unu olu\u015fturmayaca\u011f\u0131’ \u015feklinde ifadeye yer verildi\u011fi… [anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.]<\/p>\n
… [U]nsurlar\u0131 itibariyle olu\u015fmayan at\u0131l\u0131 2911 s. Kanun’un 32\/1 maddesine muhalefet su\u00e7undan t\u00fcm san\u0131klar\u0131n ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 CMK’n\u0131n 223\/2-a maddesi uyar\u0131nca beraatlerine… [karar verildi.]”<\/p>\n
II. DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RME<\/p>\n
11. Ba\u015fvurucu, toplant\u0131ya m\u00fcdahale ettikleri s\u0131rada kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin orant\u0131s\u0131z \u015fekilde g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanmas\u0131 sebebiyle yaralanmas\u0131 ve bu olaylarla ilgili delil toplanmas\u0131 talepleri de\u011ferlendirilmeden kolluk birimleri taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan evraka dayan\u0131larak kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilmesi nedeniyle k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yakalamadan sonra g\u00f6zalt\u0131 arac\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrken ve g\u00f6zalt\u0131 arac\u0131ndayken kolluk g\u00f6revlileri taraf\u0131ndan defalarca ve yo\u011fun \u015fekilde darbedildi\u011fini, bo\u011faz\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bo\u011faz\u0131na yumrukla vuruldu\u011funu ve hakaret i\u00e7eren s\u00f6ylemlerde bulunuldu\u011funu da iddia etmi\u015ftir. Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair karara yer verilmi\u015f; an\u0131lan kararda ba\u015fvurucunun ve i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu eylemci grubun uyar\u0131lara ra\u011fmen da\u011f\u0131lmayarak polis memurlar\u0131na direnmesi \u00fczerine orant\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu nedenle zor kullanma yetkisinde s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi bildirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
12. K\u00f6t\u00fc muamele iddialar\u0131n\u0131n savunabilir oldu\u011fundan, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu iddialara ili\u015fkin derh\u00e2l resm\u00ee bir soru\u015fturma ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 gereklili\u011finden s\u00f6z edilebilmesi i\u00e7in iddialar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir dayanak ile birlikte yetkili merciler nezdinde dile getirilmesi gerekir. S\u00f6z konusu gereklilik sa\u011flanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ma\u011fdur oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcren ki\u015filerin etkili soru\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine ili\u015fkin me\u015fru bir beklentiye girebileceklerini s\u00f6yleyebilmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir (Tahir Canan, B. No: 2012\/969, 18\/9\/2013; Cezmi Demir ve di\u011ferleri, B. No: 2013\/293, 17\/7\/2014; Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer ve di\u011ferleri [GK], B. No: 2013\/3924, 6\/1\/2015; Beyza Metin, B. No: 2014\/19426, 12\/12\/2018).<\/p>\n
13. \u0130tiraz edilmeyen genel adli muayene raporlar\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucunun kolluk g\u00f6revlileri taraf\u0131ndan yo\u011fun \u015fekilde darbedildi\u011fine, bo\u011faz\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve bo\u011faz\u0131na yumruk at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair iddialar\u0131yla uyumlu bir bulgu tarif edilmedi\u011fi, iddialar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulayacak \u015fekilde bir tespit yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Buna g\u00f6re ba\u015fvurucunun yakalama i\u015fleminden sonra fiziksel \u015fiddete maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin savunulabilir bir iddia ortaya koyamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca ba\u015fvurucunun hakarete maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131 da dosyadaki bilgi ve belgeler dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda savunulabilir nitelikte de\u011fildir. Bununla birlikte ba\u015fvurucunun fiziki g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin iddias\u0131n\u0131n savunulabilir oldu\u011fu, bu iddia y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ba\u015fvuruda kabul edilemezlik nedeni de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu iddia bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
14. Ki\u015filerin kendi tutumu kesin olarak zorunlu k\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanmaya yetkili kamu g\u00f6revlilerince ki\u015filere fiziksel g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ilke olarak Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131 ihlal eder (Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer ve di\u011ferleri, \u00a7 81). G\u00f6zalt\u0131 veya tutukluluk gibi bireyin devletin kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu s\u0131rada yaralanma olay\u0131 meydana gelmi\u015f ise bu olaya ili\u015fkin tatmin edici ve inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir a\u00e7\u0131klama getirme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yetkili makamlar\u0131nd\u0131r (S.D., B. No: 2013\/3017, 16\/12\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 89, 90; Cengiz Kahraman ve Kenan \u00d6zy\u00fcrek, B. No: 2013\/8137, 20\/4\/2016, \u00a7 95). Bunun sebebi bu t\u00fcr olaylarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme \u015fartlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin bilgilerin \u00e7o\u011funlukla yetkili makamlar\u0131n eri\u015fiminde olmas\u0131d\u0131r (Ferit Kurt ve di\u011ferleri, B. No: 2018\/9957, 8\/6\/2021, \u00a7 74). Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131 ihlal eder bi\u00e7imde fiziksel ve ruhsal bir sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011fran\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair savunulabilir bir iddia varsa bu iddia hakk\u0131nda etkili bir soru\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmelidir. Yaralama olay\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanmaya yetkili bir kamu g\u00f6revlisinin kas\u0131tl\u0131 bir eylemi sonucu meydana geldi\u011finin ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00e2llerde ivedilikle bir ceza soru\u015fturmas\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131lmal\u0131, soru\u015fturma, olaya kar\u0131\u015fanlardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ki\u015filerce y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmeli; soru\u015fturmada olay\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatabilecek ve sorumlular\u0131n belirlenmesini sa\u011flayabilecek b\u00fct\u00fcn deliller toplanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Dahas\u0131 soru\u015fturma s\u00fcreci gerekti\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kamu denetimine ve ma\u011fdurun eri\u015fimine a\u00e7\u0131k tutulmal\u0131, soru\u015fturma sonunda \u00e7abuk ve temelden yoksun sonu\u00e7lara dayan\u0131lmamal\u0131 ve kullan\u0131lan g\u00fcc\u00fcn ilgilinin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle mutlak surette gerekli olan bir g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelip gelmedi\u011fi ve orant\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 soru\u015fturma makam\u0131nca de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Ayr\u0131ca soru\u015fturmada makul bir \u00f6zen ve s\u00fcratle hareket edilmelidir (s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen ilkelerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rnek kararlar i\u00e7in bkz. Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer ve di\u011ferleri, \u00a7\u00a7 101-103; S.D., \u00a7\u00a7 111-114; Veli Sa\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k (2), B. No: 2018\/24614, 18\/10\/2022, \u00a7 16).<\/p>\n
15. Ba\u015fvurucu; m\u00fcvekkillerinin bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapmaya haz\u0131rlanan ailelerine hukuki destek vermek i\u00e7in toplanan grupta yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, gruptaki di\u011fer ki\u015filere m\u00fcdahale edilmesine tepki g\u00f6sterdi\u011finde kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin fiziki \u015fiddetine u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
16. Somut olayda bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapmak \u00fczere toplanan gruba, kolluk g\u00f6revlileri taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131larak m\u00fcdahale edilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucunun m\u00fcdahale neticesinde sol omzunda hafif k\u0131zar\u0131kl\u0131k, sa\u011f omzunda a\u011fr\u0131 meydana gelecek \u015fekilde yaraland\u0131\u011f\u0131 adli muayene raporlar\u0131 ile tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin zor kullanma tutanaklar\u0131na yans\u0131yan ve Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan verilen kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair kararda da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilen fiziksel m\u00fcdahalesinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunda bir teredd\u00fct yoktur.<\/p>\n
17. Kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair karardaki kabul kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda incelenmesi gereken husus, ba\u015fvurucunun tutumunun g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kesin olarak zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131p k\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, k\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa kullan\u0131lan g\u00fcc\u00fcn a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucunun yakalama i\u015flemine direnmesi nedeniyle g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kamu makamlar\u0131nca a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Olay Tutana\u011f\u0131’nda yer verilen bu hususu ba\u015fvurucu kabul etmemi\u015f, ba\u015fvurucunun bundan imtina etmesi nedeniyle de bu durum imza ile do\u011frulanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Di\u011fer taraftan ba\u015fvurucunun san\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu yarg\u0131lamada olay yerindeki g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri inceleyen A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesi, ba\u015fvurucunun fiziki bir m\u00fcdahalesi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve diren\u00e7 g\u00f6stermeden g\u00f6zalt\u0131 arabas\u0131na bindi\u011fini belirtmi\u015f; 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’a muhalefet etme su\u00e7unun unsurlar\u0131 itibar\u0131yla olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
18. Bununla birlikte Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan verilen kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair kararda da kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin zor kullanma yetkisini orant\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015f ancak ba\u015fvurucunun davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na veya m\u00fcdahalenin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz oldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin bir de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda verilen beraat karar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esi de g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucunun kamu g\u00f6revlilerine direndi\u011fine dair bir tespit yap\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kendisine zorunlu olarak g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirecek bir tutumunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yetkililerce ortaya konulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
19. Ba\u015fvurucuya kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n somut olay ko\u015fullar\u0131nda zorunlu oldu\u011funun kamu makamlar\u0131nca a\u00e7\u0131klanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespitinden sonra dosya kapsam\u0131 ve adli rapor bilgilerinden hareketle kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin eyleminin hangi boyuta ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Somut olay bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda eylemin insan haysiyetiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmayan muamele olarak nitelendirilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu durumda insan haysiyetiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmayan muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n maddi boyutunun ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
20. Ba\u015fvurucunun sorgusunda g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131rken kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin fiziksel \u015fiddetine u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmesine ve adli muayenede yaraland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bu olay hakk\u0131ndaki soru\u015fturma ancak ba\u015fvurucunun \u015fik\u00e2yeti \u00fczerine ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (bkz. \u00a7 4). Oysa \u015fik\u00e2yet olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bile k\u00f6t\u00fc muamelede bulunuldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin yeterince a\u00e7\u0131k belirtiler varsa konuyla ilgili bir ceza soru\u015fturmas\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r (baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle beraber bkz. Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer ve di\u011ferleri, \u00a7 102).<\/p>\n
21. Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k, soru\u015fturma kapsam\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucunun \u015fik\u00e2yet ve delillerinin tespitine y\u00f6nelik talepleri hakk\u0131nda herhangi bir i\u015flem yapmam\u0131\u015f; dosyaya sunulan CD’deki g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri incelememi\u015f, ba\u015fvurucunun a\u00e7\u0131k kimlik bilgilerini verdi\u011fi tan\u0131klar\u0131n ifadesine ba\u015fvurmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
22. Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k, kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin zor kullanma yetkilerini a\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmi\u015f ve kolluk g\u00f6revlileri hakk\u0131nda kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k, bu sonuca kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tutanaklardaki belirlemeleri esas alarak ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Olay\u0131n \u015f\u00fcphelileri taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen tutanaklar\u0131n do\u011frulu\u011fu ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n ve ba\u015fkaca bir delille desteklenmeksizin tek ba\u015f\u0131na h\u00fckme esas al\u0131nmas\u0131 soru\u015fturman\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131 ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r (S\u00fcleyman G\u00f6ksel Yerdut [GK], B. No: 2014\/788, 16\/11\/2017, \u00a7 61).<\/p>\n
23. An\u0131lan hususlar insan haysiyetiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmayan muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n usul boyutunun ihlal edildi\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterlidir.<\/p>\n
24. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan insan haysiyetiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmayan muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n maddi ve usul boyutlar\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE bu sonuca kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
III. G\u0130DER\u0130M<\/p>\n
25. Ba\u015fvurucu; ihlalin tespiti, yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve 100.000 TL manevi tazminat \u00f6denmesi talebinde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
26. Ba\u015fvuruda tespit edilen insan haysiyetiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmayan muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlalinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden soru\u015fturma yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda hukuki yarar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda karar\u0131n g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi soru\u015fturma merciince yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken i\u015f, yeniden soru\u015fturma i\u015flemlerini ba\u015flatmak ve Anayasa Mahkemesini ihlal sonucuna ula\u015ft\u0131ran nedenleri gideren, ihlal karar\u0131nda belirtilen ilkelere uygun yeni bir karar vermektir (30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun’un 50. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen bireysel ba\u015fvuruya \u00f6zg\u00fc yeniden yarg\u0131lama kurumunun \u00f6zelliklerine ili\u015fkin kapsaml\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar i\u00e7in bkz. Mehmet Do\u011fan [GK], B. No: 2014\/8875, 7\/6\/2018, \u00a7\u00a7 54-60; Alig\u00fcl Alkaya ve di\u011ferleri (2), B. No: 2016\/12506, 7\/11\/2019, \u00a7\u00a7 53-60, 66; Kadri Enis Berbero\u011flu (3) [GK], B. No: 2020\/32949, 21\/1\/2021, \u00a7\u00a7 93-100).<\/p>\n
27. \u00d6te yandan ihlalin niteli\u011fi dikkate al\u0131narak ba\u015fvurucuya talebine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak net 100.000 TL manevi tazminat \u00f6denmesi gerekti\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
IV. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle;<\/p>\n
A. K\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n KABUL ED\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R OLDU\u011eUNA OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
B. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan insan haysiyetiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmayan muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n maddi ve usul boyutunun \u0130HLAL ED\u0130LD\u0130\u011e\u0130NE Muhterem \u0130NCE’nin kar\u015f\u0131oyu ve OY\u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA,<\/p>\n
C. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin insan haysiyetiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmayan muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlalinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden soru\u015fturma yap\u0131lmak \u00fczere Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na (Memur Su\u00e7lar\u0131 Soru\u015fturma B\u00fcrosu, Sor. No: 2019\/106833) G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
D. Ba\u015fvurucuya net 100.000 TL manevi tazminat \u00d6DENMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
E. 446,90 TL har\u00e7 ve 18.800 TL vek\u00e2let \u00fccretinden olu\u015fan toplam 19.246,90 TL yarg\u0131lama giderinin ba\u015fvurucuya \u00d6DENMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
F. \u00d6demenin karar\u0131n tebli\u011fini takiben ba\u015fvurucunun Hazine ve Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015fvuru tarihinden itibaren d\u00f6rt ay i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lmas\u0131na, \u00f6demede gecikme olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde bu s\u00fcrenin sona erdi\u011fi tarihten \u00f6deme tarihine kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre i\u00e7in yasal FA\u0130Z UYGULANMASINA,<\/p>\n
G. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE 11\/6\/2024 tarihinde karar verildi.<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/p>\n
4\/7\/1934 tarihli ve 2559 say\u0131l\u0131 Polis Vazife ve Salahiyet Kanunu’nun 16. maddesinde polisin zor kullanma yetkisi d\u00fczenlenmekte ve bu yetkinin bedeni ve maddi g\u00fc\u00e7 (bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 su ve g\u00f6z ya\u015fart\u0131c\u0131 gaz kullanma halleri dahil) kullanma \u015feklinde olabilece\u011fi, zor kullanmadan \u00f6nce, ilgililere direnmeye devam etmeleri halinde do\u011frudan do\u011fruya zor kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ihtar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, ancak direnmenin mahiyeti ve derecesi g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak, ihtar yap\u0131lmadan da zor kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Devletin, ki\u015finin maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruma hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda sahip oldu\u011fu pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn usule ili\u015fkin boyutu da bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu usul y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde devlet, do\u011fal olmayan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc fiziksel ve ruhsal sald\u0131r\u0131 olay\u0131n\u0131n sorumlular\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesini ve gerekiyorsa cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilecek etkili resm\u00ee bir soru\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fctmek durumundad\u0131r. Bu tarz bir soru\u015fturman\u0131n temel amac\u0131, s\u00f6z konusu sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6nleyen hukukun etkin bir \u015fekilde uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvenceye almak ve kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin ya da kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n, sorumlulu\u011funda meydana gelen olaylar i\u00e7in hesap vermelerini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r (Cezmi Demir, B. No: 2013\/293, 17\/7\/2014, \u00a7 110; benzer y\u00f6ndeki A\u0130HM kararlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. Anguelova\/Bulgaristan, B. No: 38361\/97, 13\/6\/2002, \u00a7 137; Jasinskis\/Letonya, B. No: 45744\/08, 21\/12\/2010, \u00a7 72).<\/p>\n
K\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin usuli boyutunu olu\u015fturan etkin soru\u015fturma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bir sonu\u00e7 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de\u011fil, ara\u00e7 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc oldu\u011fu hat\u0131rda tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu c\u00fcmleden olarak, Anayasa’n\u0131n 17. maddesinin ba\u015fvurucuya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraflar\u0131 adli bir su\u00e7 nedeniyle yarg\u0131latma ya da cezaland\u0131rma hakk\u0131 ya da t\u00fcm yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131 mahkumiyetle veya belirli bir ceza karar\u0131yla sonu\u00e7land\u0131rma \u00f6devi y\u00fckledi\u011fi \u015feklinde yorumlanamayaca\u011f\u0131 hususunun dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. (Cezmi Demir ve di\u011ferleri, \u00a7 113).<\/p>\n
Usul y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bir olayda gerektirdi\u011fi soru\u015fturma t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn, bireyin maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruma hakk\u0131n\u0131n esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin cezai bir yapt\u0131r\u0131m gerektirip gerektirmedi\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak tespiti gerekmektedir. Kasten ya da sald\u0131r\u0131 veya k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleler sonucu meydana gelen \u00f6l\u00fcm ve yaralama olaylar\u0131na ili\u015fkin davalarda Anayasa’n\u0131n 17. maddesi gere\u011fince devletin, \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl ya da yaralamal\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 durumunda sorumlular\u0131n tespitine ve cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131na imk\u00e2n verebilecek nitelikte cezai soru\u015fturmalar y\u00fcr\u00fctme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr olaylarda, y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen idari ve hukuki soru\u015fturmalar ve davalar sonucunda sadece tazminat \u00f6denmesi, bu hak ihlalini gidermek ve ma\u011fdur s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yeterli de\u011fildir (Serpil Kerimo\u011flu ve di\u011ferleri, B. No: 2012\/752, 17\/9\/2013, \u00a7 55).<\/p>\n
Y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ceza soru\u015fturmalar\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131, ki\u015finin maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyan mevzuat h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin etkili bir \u015fekilde uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve sorumlular\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm ya da yaralama olay\u0131na dair hesap vermelerini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Bu bir sonu\u00e7 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de\u011fil, uygun ara\u00e7lar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr (Serpil Kerimo\u011flu ve di\u011ferleri, \u00a7 56).<\/p>\n
Y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek ceza soru\u015fturmalar\u0131, sorumlular\u0131n tespitine ve cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131na imk\u00e2n verecek \u015fekilde etkili ve yeterli olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Soru\u015fturman\u0131n etkili ve yeterli oldu\u011fundan s\u00f6z edebilmek i\u00e7in soru\u015fturma makamlar\u0131n\u0131n resen harekete ge\u00e7erek olay\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatabilecek ve sorumlular\u0131n tespitine yarayabilecek b\u00fct\u00fcn delilleri toplamalar\u0131 gerekir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele iddialar\u0131n\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi soru\u015fturma; ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, h\u0131zl\u0131 ve derinlikli bir \u015fekilde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmelidir (Cezmi Demir, \u00a7 114; benzer y\u00f6ndeki A\u0130HM kararlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. Assenov ve di\u011ferleri\/Bulgaristan, B. No: 24760\/94, 28\/10\/1998, \u00a7 103; Bat\u0131 ve di\u011ferleri\/T\u00fcrkiye, B. No: 33097\/96-57834\/00, 3\/6\/2004, \u00a7 136).<\/p>\n
Somut olayda ba\u015fvurucu, maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etti\u011fi fiziksel ve s\u00f6zl\u00fc \u015fiddete ili\u015fkin olarak 9\/5\/2019 tarihinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen eylemlerden \u00e7ok sonra 25\/10\/2019 tarihinde \u015fik\u00e2yet dilek\u00e7esi vermi\u015ftir. Bunun yan\u0131nda, PKK\/KCK silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne m\u00fczahir ki\u015filerin de kat\u0131labilece\u011fine dair Olay ve Yakalama Tutana\u011f\u0131nda belirlemeler yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu tutanakta, yap\u0131lacak eylemin izinsiz oldu\u011funu, kanuni dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilgili gruba tebli\u011f edildi\u011fi, bunun yan\u0131nda da kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 bu toplant\u0131da grubun da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 noktas\u0131nda megafon arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile \u00fc\u00e7 kez ikazda bulunuldu\u011fu hususu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen aralar\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucunun da bulundu\u011fu grup da\u011f\u0131lmamakta \u0131srar etmi\u015f ve g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerine kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak direnmi\u015flerdir. Ba\u015fvurucunun olay tarihinde kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak izinsiz g\u00f6steri yapan grubun i\u00e7erisinde bulundu\u011fu hususu herhangi bir teredd\u00fct bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucu, olaya ili\u015fkin olarak g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerince yo\u011fun \u015fekilde darbedildi\u011fine; bo\u011faz\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve bo\u011faz\u0131na yumruk at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair iddialar\u0131yla uyumlu bir bulgu tarif edememi\u015ftir. Bunun yan\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucunun hakarete maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131 da savunulabilir nitelikte de\u011fildir. Bu anlamda ba\u015fvurucunun, iddialar\u0131n\u0131n maddi olayla ba\u011fda\u015fmayacak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde savunulabilir olmaktan uzak oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zlemlenmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcm bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar sonras\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucuda meydana gelen yaralanman\u0131n izinsiz ve kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lan toplant\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131na uygun ve orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahaleler s\u0131ras\u0131nda meydana geldi\u011finin kabul\u00fc gerekir.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k, olaydan \u00e7ok sonra verilen dilek\u00e7e \u00fczerine maddi olaydaki hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011fa vurgu yaparak ba\u015fvurucunun yaralanmas\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu, gerekli ve orant\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fcdahale s\u0131ras\u0131nda meydana geldi\u011fini kabul ederek kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair karar vermi\u015ftir. Ya\u015fam hakk\u0131 ile k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak yap\u0131lacak \u015fik\u00e2yetler hakk\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek adli i\u015flemlerin yeterliliklerinin her somut olay\u0131n kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc ko\u015fullar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fi hususunda herhangi bir teredd\u00fct bulunmaktad\u0131r. Somut olayda, silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ceza infaz kurumundaki ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesine y\u00f6nelik kanunsuz bir toplant\u0131 oldu\u011fu hususu hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde hat\u0131rdan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri taraf\u0131ndan icra edilen m\u00fcdahalenin yasal zor kullanma yetkisi kapsam\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu yetkinin orant\u0131s\u0131z bi\u00e7imde a\u015f\u0131lmak suretiyle k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihl\u00e2l edildi\u011fi yolundaki soyut iddiay\u0131 destekleyici somut bir bulgu ve kan\u0131t\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, asgari e\u015fi\u011fin a\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, b\u00f6ylece devletin pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn somut olay\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yerine getirildi\u011fi olaya bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Anayasa’n\u0131n 17. maddesinin maddi ve usuli bak\u0131mlardan ihl\u00e2l edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin bir sonuca ula\u015fman\u0131n farazi bir kabule dayanabilece\u011fi kanaatine ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle; Anayasa’n\u0131n 17. maddesinin ihl\u00e2l iddias\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan maddi ve usul boyutu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan “ihl\u00e2l bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131” karar\u0131 verilmesi gerekti\u011fini de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fimden; \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun aksi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki karar\u0131na kat\u0131lm\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 11\/6\/2024 tarihli ve 2020\/17496 ba\u015fvuru numaral\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130 ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 \u00a0 \u00a0 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 E. K. BA\u015eVURUSU (Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2020\/17496) \u00a0 Karar Tarihi: 11\/6\/2024 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u00a0 KARAR \u00a0 Ba\u015fkan : Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN \u00dcyeler : Recai AKYEL \u00a0 \u00a0 Selahaddin MENTE\u015e \u00a0 \u00a0 Muhterem \u0130NCE \u00a0 \u00a0 Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L Raport\u00f6r : H\u00fcseyin Ozan ADIYAMAN Ba\u015fvurucu : Vekili : Av. Ya\u011fmur KILI\u00c7 \u00a0 I. BA\u015eVURUNUN \u00d6ZET\u0130 1. Ba\u015fvuru; a\u00e7l\u0131k grevindeki tutuklu ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fclerin sa\u011fl\u0131k durumuna dikkat \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in toplanan gruba kar\u015f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, yakalama sonras\u0131nda fiziksel ve s\u00f6zl\u00fc \u015fiddet uygulanmas\u0131 ve bu olaya y\u00f6nelik \u015fik\u00e2yetin etkili soru\u015fturulmamas\u0131 nedeniyle insan haysiyetiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmayan muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. 2. Ba\u015fvurucu, \u0130stanbul Barosuna kay\u0131tl\u0131 bir avukatt\u0131r. PKK\/KCK silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131 olan A.\u00d6.n\u00fcn tutuldu\u011fu ceza infaz kurumundaki \u015fartlar\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in a\u00e7l\u0131k grevine ba\u015flayan Halklar\u0131n Demokratik Partisi (HDP) Hakk\u00e2ri Milletvekili L.G. ve baz\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fclerin sa\u011fl\u0131k durumlar\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekmek amac\u0131yla Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y Kapal\u0131 Kad\u0131n Ceza \u0130nfaz Kurumu (Ceza \u0130nfaz Kurumu) \u00f6n\u00fcnde eylem yap\u0131lmas\u0131 planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu eyleme kat\u0131lan grupta yer alan ba\u015fvurucu 9\/5\/2019 tarihinde g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 3. Ba\u015fvurucu 11\/5\/2019 tarihinde adli kolluk biriminde \u015f\u00fcpheli s\u0131fat\u0131yla verdi\u011fi ifadesinde savunmas\u0131n\u0131 Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131 huzurunda yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beyan etmi\u015ftir. Tutuklanmas\u0131 talebiyle sevk edildi\u011fi \u0130stanbul 5. Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimli\u011fi (H\u00e2kimlik) 13\/5\/2019 tarihinde ba\u015fvurucunun adli …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,535],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11291","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber","category-uncategorized-tr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n