T.C.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay<\/p>\n
2. Hukuk Dairesi <\/p>\n
2016\/15771 E., 2017\/1737 K.<\/p>\n
“\u0130\u00e7tihat Metni”<\/p>\n
MAHKEMES\u0130 :Asliye Hukuk (Aile) Mahkemesi
\nDAVA T\u00dcR\u00dc : Velayet<\/p>\n
Taraflar aras\u0131ndaki davan\u0131n yap\u0131lan muhakemesi sonunda mahalli mahkemece verilen, yukar\u0131da tarihi ve numaras\u0131 g\u00f6sterilen h\u00fck\u00fcm davac\u0131 baba taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmekle, evrak okunup gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
Taraflar \u0130ngiliz vatanda\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Davac\u0131 baba, evlilik d\u0131\u015f\u0131 do\u011fan 24\/10\/2003 do\u011fumlu ortak \u00e7ocuk…\u2019un velayetinin anne ve babaya verilmek suretiyle, velayetin ortak d\u00fczenlenmesini istemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Mahkemece \u00f6zetle; taraflar\u0131n milli hukukuna g\u00f6re evlilik d\u0131\u015f\u0131 do\u011fan \u00e7ocuklar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ortak velayet d\u00fczenlemesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ise de ortak velayet d\u00fczenlenmesinin T\u00fcrk kamu d\u00fczenine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle, davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Soyba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, soyba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kuran hukuka t\u00e2bidir. Ancak ana, baba ve \u00e7ocu\u011fun m\u00fc\u015fterek mill\u00ee hukuku bulunuyorsa, soyba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine o hukuk, bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde m\u00fc\u015fterek mutad mesken hukuku uygulan\u0131r(M\u00d6HUK m. 17\/1).<\/p>\n
Yetkili yabanc\u0131 hukukun belirli bir olaya uygulanan h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn T\u00fcrk kamu d\u00fczenine a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, bu h\u00fck\u00fcm uygulanmaz; gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fclen h\u00e2llerde, T\u00fcrk hukuku uygulan\u0131r.(M\u00d6HUK m.5\/1).<\/p>\n
Somut olayda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi gereken uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k, “ortak velayet” d\u00fczenlenmesinin T\u00fcrk kamu d\u00fczenine a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesine y\u00f6neliktir.<\/p>\n
Bu ba\u011flamda \u00f6ncelikle i\u00e7 hukukumuzdaki yasal d\u00fczenlemelere bakmak gerekir. \u0130\u00e7 hukukumuzda konumuzla ilgili yasal d\u00fczenlemeler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir.<\/p>\n
Mahkeme bo\u015fanma veya ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011fa karar verirken, olanak bulunduk\u00e7a ana ve babay\u0131 dinledikten ve \u00e7ocuk vesayet alt\u0131nda ise vasinin ve vesayet makam\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini ald\u0131ktan sonra, ana ve baban\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuk ile olan ki\u015fisel ili\u015fkilerini d\u00fczenler.<\/p>\n
Velayetin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 kendisine verilmeyen e\u015fin \u00e7ocuk ile ki\u015fisel ili\u015fkisinin d\u00fczenlenmesinde, \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00f6zellikle sa\u011fl\u0131k, e\u011fitim ve ahl\u00e2k bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlar\u0131 esas tutulur. Bu e\u015f, \u00e7ocu\u011fun bak\u0131m ve e\u011fitim giderlerine g\u00fcc\u00fc oran\u0131nda kat\u0131lmak zorundad\u0131r(TMK m. 182\/1-2).<\/p>\n
Ergin olmayan \u00e7ocuk, ana ve babas\u0131n\u0131n velayeti alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Yasal sebep olmad\u0131k\u00e7a velayet ana ve babadan al\u0131namaz.<\/p>\n
H\u00e2kim vasi atanmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6rmedik\u00e7e, k\u0131s\u0131tlanan ergin \u00e7ocuklar da ana ve baban\u0131n velayeti alt\u0131nda kal\u0131rlar(TMK m. 335).<\/p>\n
Evlilik devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcrece ana ve baba vel\u00e2yeti birlikte kullan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
Ortak hayata son verilmi\u015f veya ayr\u0131l\u0131k h\u00e2li ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015fse h\u00e2kim, vel\u00e2yeti e\u015flerden birine verebilir.<\/p>\n
Vel\u00e2yet, ana ve babadan birinin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc h\u00e2linde sa\u011f kalana, bo\u015fanmada ise \u00e7ocuk kendisine b\u0131rak\u0131lan tarafa aittir”(TMK m.336).<\/p>\n
Ana ve baba evli de\u011filse vel\u00e2yet anaya aittir.<\/p>\n
Ana k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 veya \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f ya da vel\u00e2yet kendisinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fsa h\u00e2kim, \u00e7ocu\u011fun menfaatine g\u00f6re, vasi atar veya vel\u00e2yeti babaya verir(TMK m.337).<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti ad\u0131na 14 Mart 1985 tarihinde imzalanan “11 Nolu Protokol ile De\u011fi\u015fik \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131n\u0131 ve Ana H\u00fcrriyetleri Korumaya Dair S\u00f6zle\u015fmeye Ek 7 Nolu Protokol”, 6684 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile onaylanmas\u0131 uygun bulunarak, 25.03.2016 tarihli Resmi Gazete’de yay\u0131mlan\u0131p y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015f ve i\u00e7 hukukumuz halini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ek 7 Nolu Protokol’\u00fcn 5. maddesine g\u00f6re, “E\u015fler, evlilik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, evlilik s\u00fcresince ve evlili\u011fin bitmesi halinde, kendi aralar\u0131ndaki ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131yla olan ili\u015fkilerinde, \u00f6zel hukuk niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan hak ve sorumluluklar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan e\u015fittir. Bu madde, devletlerin \u00e7ocuklar yarar\u0131na gereken tedbirleri almalar\u0131na engel de\u011fildir”.<\/p>\n
Usul\u00fcne g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulmu\u015f Milletleraras\u0131 andla\u015fmalar kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir. Bunlar hakk\u0131nda Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k iddias\u0131 ile Anayasa Mahkemesine ba\u015fvurulamaz. Usul\u00fcne g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulmu\u015f temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere ili\u015fkin Milletleraras\u0131 Andla\u015fmalarla kanunlar\u0131n ayn\u0131 konuda farkl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler i\u00e7ermesi nedeniyle \u00e7\u0131kabilecek uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klarda Milletleraras\u0131 Andla\u015fma h\u00fck\u00fcmleri esas al\u0131n\u0131r. (T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasas\u0131 m.90\/son).<\/p>\n
\u0130\u00e7 hukukla ilgili yasal d\u00fczenlemeye bakt\u0131ktan sonra “kamu d\u00fczeni” (ordre puplic) kavram\u0131 \u00fczerinde durmak uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in yararl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kamu d\u00fczeninin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6zelliklerini ifade edecek tam bir tarifini yapmak kolay de\u011fildir. Genel bir tan\u0131mla; “Kamu d\u00fczeni kurallar\u0131, bir memlekettte kamu hizmetlerinin iyi yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, devletin emniyet ve asayi\u015fini ve fertler aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fcnasebetlerde huzur ve ahlak kaidelerine uygunlu\u011fu temine yarayan m\u00fcessese ve kaidelerin t\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr”. Bu genel \u00e7er\u00e7eve i\u00e7erisinde kamu d\u00fczeni kurallar\u0131 bir toplumun temel yap\u0131s\u0131 ve temel \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 koruyan kurallar olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir. (Prof. Dr.Aysel \u00c7elikel-Prof.Dr. B. Bahad\u0131r Erdem, Milletleraras\u0131 \u00d6zel Hukuk 1l.bas\u0131-sayfa:149 ).<\/p>\n
Genel olarak; hukuk sisteminin toplumsal kalk\u0131nmay\u0131 hedefleyen ve ki\u015fisel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri koruyan temel prensipleri, anayasan\u0131n temel ilkeleri ve toplumda cari olan \u00f6rf-\u00e2det ve ahlk telakkileri, kamu d\u00fczenini temsil eden de\u011ferler olarak ifade edilebilir ve bu de\u011ferlerle a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde uyu\u015fmayan yabanc\u0131 hukukun veya yabanc\u0131 hukuk h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn kamu d\u00fczenine ayk\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131larak uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. Yabanc\u0131 hukukun veya yabanc\u0131 hukuk h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn somut olayda tatbiki ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131karaca\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7, yukar\u0131da belirtilen temel ilke ve de\u011ferler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda da tahamm\u00fcl edilmez bir durum yaratmakta ise, yabanc\u0131 hukukun kamu d\u00fczenini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ihlal etti\u011finden bahisle yabanc\u0131 hukuk uygulanmaz. Burada, yabanc\u0131 hukukun tatbikini engelleyen kamu d\u00fczeninin “menf\u00ee etkisi”nden bahsedilir. Kamu d\u00fczeni kavram\u0131 geni\u015f, mu\u011fl\u00e2k, izaf\u00ee ve de\u011fi\u015fkendir(Prof.Dr.Cemal \u015eanl\u0131-Do\u00e7.Dr.Emre Esen- Yrd.Do\u00e7.\u0130nci Ataman-Figanme\u015fe, Milletleraras\u0131 \u00d6zel Hukuk-4.Bas\u0131-sayfa: 72-73-78).
\nT\u00fcrk hukukunda kamu d\u00fczeni (ordre puplic, amme intizam\u0131) yabanc\u0131 hukukun tatbikini \u00f6nleyen istisna\u00ee bir g\u00f6reve sahiptir. Kanunlar ihtil\u00e2f\u0131 kaidelerimizce yetkilendirilen yabanc\u0131 hukuk \u00fclkenin kamu d\u00fczenine “a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a” ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil etmemesi \u015fart\u0131yla tatbik olunma imk\u00e2n\u0131na sahiptir(M\u00d6HUK m.5). \u015eu halde, kamu d\u00fczeni bizim i\u00e7in kanunlar ihtil\u00e2f\u0131 hukukuna ait tek tarafl\u0131 bir “ba\u011flanma kaidesi” de\u011fildir. Aksine kanunlar ihtil\u00e2f\u0131 kaidemizin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi yabanc\u0131 hukuk nizam\u0131n\u0131n tatbiki prensibinin bir istisnas\u0131d\u0131r(Prof.Ergin Nomer-Prof.Cemal \u015eanl\u0131, Devletler Husus\u00ee Hukuk, 18.bas\u0131-sayfa:l59)<\/p>\n
“…Esasa uygulanan hukukun T\u00fcrk Hukukunda farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131 ya da T\u00fcrk Hukukunun emredici kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmas\u0131 gibi nedenlerle yabanc\u0131 karar\u0131n tenfizi reddedilemez. Burada esas al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken k\u0131stas, yabanc\u0131 ilam\u0131n T\u00fcrk Hukukunda bir veya birden \u00e7ok kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulunmas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok, T\u00fcrk Hukukunun temel de\u011ferlerine, T\u00fcrk genel adap ve ahlak anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na T\u00fcrk kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 temel adalet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na ve hukuk siyasetine, Anayasa’da yer alan temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere milletleraras\u0131 alanda ge\u00e7erli ortak ve kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f hukuk prensiplerine, ikili anla\u015fmalara, geli\u015fmi\u015f toplumlar\u0131n ortak benimsedikleri ahlak ve adalet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na, medeniyet seviyesine siyasi ve ekonomik rejimine bakmak olmal\u0131d\u0131r” (10.02.2012 tarih ve 2010\/1 E, 2012\/1 K.sayl\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131).<\/p>\n
Yukar\u0131da de\u011finilen i\u00e7 hukukumuz ve kamu d\u00fczeni kavram\u0131 ile ilgili a\u00e7\u0131klamalara g\u00f6re somut olay de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde “ortak velayet” d\u00fczenlenmesinin, T\u00fcrk kamu d\u00fczenine “a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a” ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu ya da T\u00fcrk toplumunun temel yap\u0131s\u0131 ve temel \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
O halde mahkemece, M\u00d6HUK m. 17\/1 gere\u011fince, \u0130ngiliz vatanda\u015f\u0131 olan taraflar\u0131n m\u00fc\u015fterek milli hukuklar\u0131ndaki velayete ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemeler dikkate al\u0131narak, i\u015fin esas\u0131na girilip t\u00fcm deliller birlikte de\u011ferlendirilerek “ortak velayet” istemine ili\u015fkin davayla ilgili bir karar vermek gerekirken, istemin T\u00fcrk kamu d\u00fczenine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu belirtilmek suretiyle, yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131, bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
SONU\u00c7: Temyiz edilen h\u00fckm\u00fcn yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan sebeple BOZULMASINA, bozma sebebine g\u00f6re di\u011fer temyiz itirazlar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fimdilik incelenmesine yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na, temyiz pe\u015fin harc\u0131n\u0131n istek halinde yat\u0131rana geri verilmesine, i\u015fbu karar\u0131n tebli\u011finden itibaren 15 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde karar d\u00fczeltme yolu a\u00e7\u0131k olmak \u00fczere oybirli\u011fiyle karar verildi. 20.02.2017 (Pzt.)<\/p>\n
\u200bYarg\u0131tay 2. Hukuk Dairesi’nin 20.02.2017 tarihli, 2016\/15771 E., 2017\/1737 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T.C. Yarg\u0131tay 2. Hukuk Dairesi 2016\/15771 E., 2017\/1737 K. “\u0130\u00e7tihat Metni” MAHKEMES\u0130 :Asliye Hukuk (Aile) Mahkemesi DAVA T\u00dcR\u00dc : Velayet Taraflar aras\u0131ndaki davan\u0131n yap\u0131lan muhakemesi sonunda mahalli mahkemece verilen, yukar\u0131da tarihi ve numaras\u0131 g\u00f6sterilen h\u00fck\u00fcm davac\u0131 baba taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmekle, evrak okunup gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc: Taraflar \u0130ngiliz vatanda\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Davac\u0131 baba, evlilik d\u0131\u015f\u0131 do\u011fan 24\/10\/2003 do\u011fumlu ortak \u00e7ocuk…\u2019un velayetinin anne ve babaya verilmek suretiyle, velayetin ortak d\u00fczenlenmesini istemi\u015ftir. Mahkemece \u00f6zetle; taraflar\u0131n milli hukukuna g\u00f6re evlilik d\u0131\u015f\u0131 do\u011fan \u00e7ocuklar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ortak velayet d\u00fczenlemesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ise de ortak velayet d\u00fczenlenmesinin T\u00fcrk kamu d\u00fczenine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle, davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmi\u015ftir. Soyba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, soyba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kuran hukuka t\u00e2bidir. Ancak ana, baba ve \u00e7ocu\u011fun m\u00fc\u015fterek mill\u00ee hukuku bulunuyorsa, soyba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine o hukuk, bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde m\u00fc\u015fterek mutad mesken hukuku uygulan\u0131r(M\u00d6HUK m. 17\/1). Yetkili yabanc\u0131 hukukun belirli bir olaya uygulanan h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn T\u00fcrk kamu d\u00fczenine a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, bu h\u00fck\u00fcm uygulanmaz; gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fclen h\u00e2llerde, T\u00fcrk hukuku uygulan\u0131r.(M\u00d6HUK m.5\/1). Somut olayda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi gereken uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k, “ortak velayet” d\u00fczenlenmesinin T\u00fcrk kamu d\u00fczenine a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesine y\u00f6neliktir. Bu ba\u011flamda \u00f6ncelikle i\u00e7 hukukumuzdaki yasal d\u00fczenlemelere bakmak gerekir. \u0130\u00e7 hukukumuzda konumuzla ilgili yasal d\u00fczenlemeler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir. Mahkeme bo\u015fanma veya ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011fa karar verirken, olanak bulunduk\u00e7a ana ve babay\u0131 dinledikten ve \u00e7ocuk vesayet alt\u0131nda …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-111882","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n