1. Giri\u015f<\/p>\n
\u0130htiyati haciz, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak amac\u0131yla ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu ge\u00e7ici bir hukuki koruma tedbiridir. Bu tedbir, bor\u00e7lunun malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye y\u00f6nelik olup, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n ileride a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 veya a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu davada alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahsil edebilmesini teminat alt\u0131na almay\u0131 ama\u00e7lar. \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu\u2019nun (\u0130\u0130K) 261. maddesi uyar\u0131nca ihtiyati haczin infaz\u0131, haciz h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmektedir. Ancak \u00f6zellikle sicile kay\u0131tl\u0131 motorlu kara ara\u00e7lar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan muhafaza ve yakalama i\u015flemleri ile ilgili uygulamada teredd\u00fctler do\u011fmakta, bu konuda farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, \u0130\u0130K m. 261\u2019in g\u00f6ndermesiyle birlikte 88\/2-son c\u00fcmle ve 106\/4. maddeleri dikkate al\u0131narak, ihtiyati haciz a\u015famas\u0131nda yakalama \u015ferhi konulup konulamayaca\u011f\u0131 sorunu, g\u00fcncel yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilecektir.<\/p>\n
2. Mevzuat H\u00fck\u00fcmleri \u00c7er\u00e7evesinde De\u011ferlendirme<\/p>\n
\u0130\u0130K m. 261 h\u00fckm\u00fc gere\u011fince, ihtiyati haczin infaz\u0131nda ayn\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 79 ila 99. maddeleri aras\u0131nda yer alan haciz h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r. Bu maddeler aras\u0131nda yer alan 88. maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n son c\u00fcmlesinde, \u201csicile kay\u0131tl\u0131 motorlu kara ta\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda 106. madde h\u00fck\u00fcmleri sakl\u0131d\u0131r\u201d denilerek, bu t\u00fcr mallar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6zel bir d\u00fczenlemeye i\u015faret edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u0130K m. 106\/4 h\u00fckm\u00fc ise \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n
\u201cSicile kay\u0131tl\u0131 motorlu kara ta\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda muhafaza, k\u0131ymet takdiri ve sat\u0131\u015f talebi birlikte yap\u0131l\u0131r ve bu taleplere ili\u015fkin giderler birlikte ve pe\u015fin olarak yat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.\u201d\u00b9
\nBu d\u00fczenleme, sicile kay\u0131tl\u0131 ara\u00e7lar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan muhafaza i\u015fleminin sat\u0131\u015f talebiyle birlikte yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ancak ihtiyati haciz, hen\u00fcz kesin hacze d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmemi\u015f bir koruma tedbiri oldu\u011fundan, bu a\u015famada sat\u0131\u015f talebinde bulunulmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Nitekim Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 21.12.2021 tarihli karar\u0131nda da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, \u201cihtiyati haciz sahibi alacakl\u0131, haciz kesin hacze d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmedik\u00e7e sat\u0131\u015f isteyemez.\u201d\u00b2<\/p>\n
Bu nedenle, \u0130\u0130K m. 106\/4\u2019teki muhafaza ve sat\u0131\u015f talebinin birlikte yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu, ihtiyati haciz a\u015famas\u0131nda yerine getirilemeyece\u011finden, bu a\u015famada muhafaza i\u015flemi yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, yakalama \u015ferhi konulmas\u0131 da hukuken m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
3. Yarg\u0131 Kararlar\u0131 I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda De\u011ferlendirme<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131 da bu konuda istikrarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ihtiyati haciz a\u015famas\u0131nda yakalama \u015ferhi konulamayaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde i\u00e7tihat geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n
– Kayseri BAM 5. HD, 2022\/1820 E., 2022\/1736 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda, ihtiyati haciz karar\u0131na dayan\u0131larak sicile kay\u0131tl\u0131 ara\u00e7lara konulan yakalama \u015ferhinin, \u0130\u0130K m. 264\/5 uyar\u0131nca ihtiyati haczin kesin hacze d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmedi\u011fi ve sat\u0131\u015f istenemeyece\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.\u00b3<\/p>\n
– Kayseri BAM 5. HD, 2024\/472 E., 2024\/479 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da benzer \u015fekilde, ihtiyati haciz karar\u0131n\u0131n tedbir niteli\u011fini a\u015fan yakalama \u015ferhinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015f, icra takibinin kesinle\u015fmemesi ve sat\u0131\u015f a\u015famas\u0131na ge\u00e7ilmemesi nedeniyle yakalama i\u015fleminin hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u2074<\/p>\n
– Adana BAM 10. HD, 2024\/1728 E., 2024\/2399 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda, Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 03.11.2023 tarihli yaz\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan \u201cyakalama konulmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik a\u00e7\u0131k bir yasak bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki de\u011ferlendirmeye ra\u011fmen, Yarg\u0131tay 12. HD\u2019nin 2022\/13831 E., 2023\/5379 K. ve 2024\/432 E., 2024\/5207 K. say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131na at\u0131fla, ihtiyati haczin ge\u00e7ici bir koruma tedbiri oldu\u011fu ve sat\u0131\u015fa y\u00f6nelik i\u015flemlerin yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u2075<\/p>\n
– Erzurum BAM 5. HD, 2024\/1072 E., 2024\/656 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da, ihtiyati haciz a\u015famas\u0131nda sat\u0131\u015f ve muhafaza i\u015flemlerinin yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131, bu i\u015flemlerin alaca\u011f\u0131n tahsiline y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011fu ve ge\u00e7ici koruma tedbirleri kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilemeyece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.\u2076<\/p>\n
– Yarg\u0131tay 12. HD, 2024\/3420 E., 2024\/4961 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda ise, hacizli ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r mallar\u0131n muhafaza \u015fekline ili\u015fkin kararlar\u0131n temyiz kabiliyeti bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015f, bu t\u00fcr kararlar\u0131n kesin nitelikte oldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015ftir.\u2077<\/p>\n
4. Uygulamada Ortaya \u00c7\u0131kan Sorunlar ve Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn De\u011ferlendirilmesi<\/p>\n
Uygulamada, ihtiyati haciz karar\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda sicile kay\u0131tl\u0131 motorlu kara ara\u00e7lar\u0131na yakalama (trafikten men) \u015ferhi konulmas\u0131 s\u0131kl\u0131kla talep edilmekte, ancak bu talebin hukuki dayana\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda, Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130cra \u0130\u015fleri Dairesi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 03.11.2023 tarihli ve 86420598-392\/10410 say\u0131l\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan de\u011ferlendirme dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. S\u00f6z konusu yaz\u0131da \u00f6zetle:<\/p>\n
– \u0130htiyati haciz karar\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda yakalama \u015ferhi konulmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu\u2019nda a\u00e7\u0131k bir yasak bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n
– Bu nedenle, ihtiyati haciz karar\u0131na dayal\u0131 olarak yakalama \u015ferhi konulmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu,<\/p>\n
– \u0130cra m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bu i\u015flemi yapmamas\u0131n\u0131n denetim merciinin icra hukuk mahkemesi oldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Ancak bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, Yarg\u0131tay ve B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131 ile \u00e7eli\u015fmektedir. Zira Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 21.12.2021 tarihli karar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, ihtiyati haciz sahibi alacakl\u0131, haciz kesin hacze d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmedik\u00e7e sat\u0131\u015f isteyemez.\u2079<\/p>\n
Bu durumda, \u0130\u0130K m. 106\/4\u2019te \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen muhafaza ve sat\u0131\u015f talebinin birlikte yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu yerine getirilemeyece\u011finden, muhafaza i\u015flemi yap\u0131lamayacak, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yakalama \u015ferhi de konulamayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Nitekim Kayseri BAM 5. HD\u2019nin 2022\/1820 E., 2022\/1736 K. ve 2024\/472 E., 2024\/479 K. say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda da, ihtiyati haciz karar\u0131na dayan\u0131larak konulan yakalama \u015ferhinin, sat\u0131\u015f talebiyle birlikte yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken muhafaza i\u015flemi kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fi, bu nedenle hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir.\u00b9\u2070<\/p>\n
Adana BAM 10. HD\u2019nin 2024\/1728 E., 2024\/2399 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da, Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yukar\u0131da an\u0131lan yaz\u0131s\u0131na at\u0131f yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; ancak Yarg\u0131tay 12. HD\u2019nin 2022\/13831 E., 2023\/5379 K. ve 2024\/432 E., 2024\/5207 K. say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda, ihtiyati haczin ge\u00e7ici bir koruma tedbiri oldu\u011fu ve sat\u0131\u015fa y\u00f6nelik i\u015flemlerin yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 vurgulanarak, yakalama \u015ferhinin hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00b9\u00b9<\/p>\n
Bu ba\u011flamda, Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, uygulamada bir yorum farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret etse de, ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 etkiye sahiptir. Zira yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131, \u0130\u0130K m. 106\/4\u2019\u00fcn ihtiyati haciz a\u015famas\u0131nda uygulanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu nedenle yakalama \u015ferhi konulamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
5. Sonu\u00e7 ve De\u011ferlendirme<\/p>\n
\u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu\u2019nun 261. maddesi uyar\u0131nca ihtiyati haczin infaz\u0131nda haciz h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanmakta ise de, sicile kay\u0131tl\u0131 motorlu kara ara\u00e7lar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u0130\u0130K m. 106\/4\u2019te \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen muhafaza ve sat\u0131\u015f talebinin birlikte yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu, ihtiyati haciz a\u015famas\u0131nda yerine getirilememektedir. Zira bu a\u015famada sat\u0131\u015f talebinde bulunulmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle, ihtiyati haciz a\u015famas\u0131nda sicile kay\u0131tl\u0131 motorlu kara ara\u00e7lar\u0131na yakalama \u015ferhi konulmas\u0131 hukuken m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Bu de\u011ferlendirme, hem kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri hem de Yarg\u0131tay ve B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131 ile uyumludur. Uygulamada farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler bulunsa da, mevcut yasal d\u00fczenlemeler ve y\u00fcksek yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ihtiyati haciz a\u015famas\u0131nda yakalama \u015ferhi konulmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Faydal\u0131 olmas\u0131 dilek ve temennilerimle\u2026<\/p>\n
————–
\n1.\u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu m. 261, m. 88\/2-son c\u00fcmle, m. 106\/4, m. 264\/5
\n2.Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu, 21.12.2021, E:2018\/12-14, K:2021\/1723.
\n3.Kayseri BAM 5.HD,2022\/1820E.,2022\/1736 K.
\n4.Kayseri BAM 5. HD, 2024\/472 E.,2024\/479 K.
\n5.Adana BAM 10. HD, 2024\/1728 E., 2024\/2399 K.
\n6.Erzurum BAM 5.HD,2024\/1072E.,2024\/656K.
\n7.Yarg\u0131tay 12. HD, 2024\/3420 E., 2024\/4961 K.
\n8.Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130cra \u0130\u015fleri Dairesi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 03.11.2023 tarihli ve 86420598-392\/10410 say\u0131l\u0131 yaz\u0131.
\n9.Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu, 21.12.2021, E:2018\/12-14, K:2021\/1723.
\n10.Kayseri BAM 5. HD, 2022\/1820 E., 2022\/1736 K.; 2024\/472 E., 2024\/479 K.
\n11.Adana BAM 10. HD, 2024\/1728 E., 2024\/2399 K.<\/p>\n
\u200b1. Giri\u015f<\/p>\n
\u0130htiyati haciz, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak amac\u0131yla ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu ge\u00e7ici bir hukuki koruma tedbiridir. Bu tedbir, bor\u00e7lunun malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye y\u00f6nelik olup, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n ileride a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 veya a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu davada alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahsil edebilmesini teminat alt\u0131na almay\u0131 ama\u00e7lar. \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu\u2019nun (\u0130\u0130K) 261. maddesi uyar\u0131nca ihtiyati haczin infaz\u0131, haciz h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmektedir. Ancak \u00f6zellikle sicile kay\u0131tl\u0131 motorlu kara ara\u00e7lar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan muhafaza ve yakalama i\u015flemleri ile ilgili uygulamada teredd\u00fctler do\u011fmakta, bu konuda farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, \u0130\u0130K m. 261\u2019in g\u00f6ndermesiyle birlikte 88\/2-son c\u00fcmle ve 106\/4. maddeleri dikkate al\u0131narak, ihtiyati haciz a\u015famas\u0131nda yakalama \u015ferhi konulup konulamayaca\u011f\u0131 sorunu, g\u00fcncel yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilecektir.<\/p>\n
2. Mevzuat H\u00fck\u00fcmleri \u00c7er\u00e7evesinde De\u011ferlendirme<\/p>\n
\u0130\u0130K m. 261 h\u00fckm\u00fc gere\u011fince, ihtiyati haczin infaz\u0131nda ayn\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 79 ila 99. maddeleri aras\u0131nda yer alan haciz h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r. Bu maddeler aras\u0131nda yer alan 88. maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n son c\u00fcmlesinde, \u201csicile kay\u0131tl\u0131 motorlu kara ta\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda 106. madde h\u00fck\u00fcmleri sakl\u0131d\u0131r\u201d denilerek, bu t\u00fcr mallar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6zel bir d\u00fczenlemeye i\u015faret edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u0130K m. 106\/4 h\u00fckm\u00fc ise \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n
\u201cSicile kay\u0131tl\u0131 motorlu kara ta\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda muhafaza, k\u0131ymet takdiri ve sat\u0131\u015f talebi birlikte yap\u0131l\u0131r ve bu taleplere ili\u015fkin giderler birlikte ve pe\u015fin olarak yat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.\u201d\u00b9
\nBu d\u00fczenleme, sicile kay\u0131tl\u0131 ara\u00e7lar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan muhafaza i\u015fleminin sat\u0131\u015f talebiyle birlikte yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ancak ihtiyati haciz, hen\u00fcz kesin hacze d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmemi\u015f bir koruma tedbiri oldu\u011fundan, bu a\u015famada sat\u0131\u015f talebinde bulunulmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Nitekim Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 21.12.2021 tarihli karar\u0131nda da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, \u201cihtiyati haciz sahibi alacakl\u0131, haciz kesin hacze d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmedik\u00e7e sat\u0131\u015f isteyemez.\u201d\u00b2<\/p>\n
Bu nedenle, \u0130\u0130K m. 106\/4\u2019teki muhafaza ve sat\u0131\u015f talebinin birlikte yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu, ihtiyati haciz a\u015famas\u0131nda yerine getirilemeyece\u011finden, bu a\u015famada muhafaza i\u015flemi yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, yakalama \u015ferhi konulmas\u0131 da hukuken m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
3. Yarg\u0131 Kararlar\u0131 I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda De\u011ferlendirme<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131 da bu konuda istikrarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ihtiyati haciz a\u015famas\u0131nda yakalama \u015ferhi konulamayaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde i\u00e7tihat geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n
– Kayseri BAM 5. HD, 2022\/1820 E., 2022\/1736 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda, ihtiyati haciz karar\u0131na dayan\u0131larak sicile kay\u0131tl\u0131 ara\u00e7lara konulan yakalama \u015ferhinin, \u0130\u0130K m. 264\/5 uyar\u0131nca ihtiyati haczin kesin hacze d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmedi\u011fi ve sat\u0131\u015f istenemeyece\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.\u00b3<\/p>\n
– Kayseri BAM 5. HD, 2024\/472 E., 2024\/479 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da benzer \u015fekilde, ihtiyati haciz karar\u0131n\u0131n tedbir niteli\u011fini a\u015fan yakalama \u015ferhinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015f, icra takibinin kesinle\u015fmemesi ve sat\u0131\u015f a\u015famas\u0131na ge\u00e7ilmemesi nedeniyle yakalama i\u015fleminin hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u2074<\/p>\n
– Adana BAM 10. HD, 2024\/1728 E., 2024\/2399 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda, Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 03.11.2023 tarihli yaz\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan \u201cyakalama konulmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik a\u00e7\u0131k bir yasak bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki de\u011ferlendirmeye ra\u011fmen, Yarg\u0131tay 12. HD\u2019nin 2022\/13831 E., 2023\/5379 K. ve 2024\/432 E., 2024\/5207 K. say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131na at\u0131fla, ihtiyati haczin ge\u00e7ici bir koruma tedbiri oldu\u011fu ve sat\u0131\u015fa y\u00f6nelik i\u015flemlerin yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u2075<\/p>\n
– Erzurum BAM 5. HD, 2024\/1072 E., 2024\/656 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da, ihtiyati haciz a\u015famas\u0131nda sat\u0131\u015f ve muhafaza i\u015flemlerinin yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131, bu i\u015flemlerin alaca\u011f\u0131n tahsiline y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011fu ve ge\u00e7ici koruma tedbirleri kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilemeyece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.\u2076<\/p>\n
– Yarg\u0131tay 12. HD, 2024\/3420 E., 2024\/4961 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda ise, hacizli ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r mallar\u0131n muhafaza \u015fekline ili\u015fkin kararlar\u0131n temyiz kabiliyeti bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015f, bu t\u00fcr kararlar\u0131n kesin nitelikte oldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015ftir.\u2077<\/p>\n
4. Uygulamada Ortaya \u00c7\u0131kan Sorunlar ve Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn De\u011ferlendirilmesi<\/p>\n
Uygulamada, ihtiyati haciz karar\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda sicile kay\u0131tl\u0131 motorlu kara ara\u00e7lar\u0131na yakalama (trafikten men) \u015ferhi konulmas\u0131 s\u0131kl\u0131kla talep edilmekte, ancak bu talebin hukuki dayana\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda, Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130cra \u0130\u015fleri Dairesi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 03.11.2023 tarihli ve 86420598-392\/10410 say\u0131l\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan de\u011ferlendirme dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. S\u00f6z konusu yaz\u0131da \u00f6zetle:<\/p>\n
– \u0130htiyati haciz karar\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda yakalama \u015ferhi konulmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu\u2019nda a\u00e7\u0131k bir yasak bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n
– Bu nedenle, ihtiyati haciz karar\u0131na dayal\u0131 olarak yakalama \u015ferhi konulmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu,<\/p>\n
– \u0130cra m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bu i\u015flemi yapmamas\u0131n\u0131n denetim merciinin icra hukuk mahkemesi oldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Ancak bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, Yarg\u0131tay ve B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131 ile \u00e7eli\u015fmektedir. Zira Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 21.12.2021 tarihli karar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, ihtiyati haciz sahibi alacakl\u0131, haciz kesin hacze d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmedik\u00e7e sat\u0131\u015f isteyemez.\u2079<\/p>\n
Bu durumda, \u0130\u0130K m. 106\/4\u2019te \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen muhafaza ve sat\u0131\u015f talebinin birlikte yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu yerine getirilemeyece\u011finden, muhafaza i\u015flemi yap\u0131lamayacak, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yakalama \u015ferhi de konulamayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Nitekim Kayseri BAM 5. HD\u2019nin 2022\/1820 E., 2022\/1736 K. ve 2024\/472 E., 2024\/479 K. say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda da, ihtiyati haciz karar\u0131na dayan\u0131larak konulan yakalama \u015ferhinin, sat\u0131\u015f talebiyle birlikte yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken muhafaza i\u015flemi kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fi, bu nedenle hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir.\u00b9\u2070<\/p>\n
Adana BAM 10. HD\u2019nin 2024\/1728 E., 2024\/2399 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da, Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yukar\u0131da an\u0131lan yaz\u0131s\u0131na at\u0131f yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; ancak Yarg\u0131tay 12. HD\u2019nin 2022\/13831 E., 2023\/5379 K. ve 2024\/432 E., 2024\/5207 K. say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda, ihtiyati haczin ge\u00e7ici bir koruma tedbiri oldu\u011fu ve sat\u0131\u015fa y\u00f6nelik i\u015flemlerin yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 vurgulanarak, yakalama \u015ferhinin hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00b9\u00b9<\/p>\n
Bu ba\u011flamda, Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, uygulamada bir yorum farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret etse de, ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 etkiye sahiptir. Zira yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131, \u0130\u0130K m. 106\/4\u2019\u00fcn ihtiyati haciz a\u015famas\u0131nda uygulanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu nedenle yakalama \u015ferhi konulamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
5. Sonu\u00e7 ve De\u011ferlendirme<\/p>\n
\u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu\u2019nun 261. maddesi uyar\u0131nca ihtiyati haczin infaz\u0131nda haciz h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanmakta ise de, sicile kay\u0131tl\u0131 motorlu kara ara\u00e7lar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u0130\u0130K m. 106\/4\u2019te \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen muhafaza ve sat\u0131\u015f talebinin birlikte yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu, ihtiyati haciz a\u015famas\u0131nda yerine getirilememektedir. Zira bu a\u015famada sat\u0131\u015f talebinde bulunulmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle, ihtiyati haciz a\u015famas\u0131nda sicile kay\u0131tl\u0131 motorlu kara ara\u00e7lar\u0131na yakalama \u015ferhi konulmas\u0131 hukuken m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Bu de\u011ferlendirme, hem kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri hem de Yarg\u0131tay ve B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131 ile uyumludur. Uygulamada farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler bulunsa da, mevcut yasal d\u00fczenlemeler ve y\u00fcksek yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ihtiyati haciz a\u015famas\u0131nda yakalama \u015ferhi konulmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Faydal\u0131 olmas\u0131 dilek ve temennilerimle\u2026<\/p>\n
————–
\n1.\u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu m. 261, m. 88\/2-son c\u00fcmle, m. 106\/4, m. 264\/5
\n2.Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu, 21.12.2021, E:2018\/12-14, K:2021\/1723.
\n3.Kayseri BAM 5.HD,2022\/1820E.,2022\/1736 K.
\n4.Kayseri BAM 5. HD, 2024\/472 E.,2024\/479 K.
\n5.Adana BAM 10. HD, 2024\/1728 E., 2024\/2399 K.
\n6.Erzurum BAM 5.HD,2024\/1072E.,2024\/656K.
\n7.Yarg\u0131tay 12. HD, 2024\/3420 E., 2024\/4961 K.
\n8.Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130cra \u0130\u015fleri Dairesi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 03.11.2023 tarihli ve 86420598-392\/10410 say\u0131l\u0131 yaz\u0131.
\n9.Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu, 21.12.2021, E:2018\/12-14, K:2021\/1723.
\n10.Kayseri BAM 5. HD, 2022\/1820 E., 2022\/1736 K.; 2024\/472 E., 2024\/479 K.
\n11.Adana BAM 10. HD, 2024\/1728 E., 2024\/2399 K.\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1. Giri\u015f \u0130htiyati haciz, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak amac\u0131yla ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu ge\u00e7ici bir hukuki koruma tedbiridir. Bu tedbir, bor\u00e7lunun malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye y\u00f6nelik olup, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n ileride a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 veya a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu davada alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahsil edebilmesini teminat alt\u0131na almay\u0131 ama\u00e7lar. \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu\u2019nun (\u0130\u0130K) 261. maddesi uyar\u0131nca ihtiyati haczin infaz\u0131, haciz h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmektedir. Ancak \u00f6zellikle sicile kay\u0131tl\u0131 motorlu kara ara\u00e7lar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan muhafaza ve yakalama i\u015flemleri ile ilgili uygulamada teredd\u00fctler do\u011fmakta, bu konuda farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, \u0130\u0130K m. 261\u2019in g\u00f6ndermesiyle birlikte 88\/2-son c\u00fcmle ve 106\/4. maddeleri dikkate al\u0131narak, ihtiyati haciz a\u015famas\u0131nda yakalama \u015ferhi konulup konulamayaca\u011f\u0131 sorunu, g\u00fcncel yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilecektir. 2. Mevzuat H\u00fck\u00fcmleri \u00c7er\u00e7evesinde De\u011ferlendirme \u0130\u0130K m. 261 h\u00fckm\u00fc gere\u011fince, ihtiyati haczin infaz\u0131nda ayn\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 79 ila 99. maddeleri aras\u0131nda yer alan haciz h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r. Bu maddeler aras\u0131nda yer alan 88. maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n son c\u00fcmlesinde, \u201csicile kay\u0131tl\u0131 motorlu kara ta\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda 106. madde h\u00fck\u00fcmleri sakl\u0131d\u0131r\u201d denilerek, bu t\u00fcr mallar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6zel bir d\u00fczenlemeye i\u015faret edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u0130K m. 106\/4 h\u00fckm\u00fc ise \u015fu \u015fekildedir: \u201cSicile kay\u0131tl\u0131 motorlu kara ta\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda muhafaza, k\u0131ymet takdiri ve sat\u0131\u015f talebi birlikte yap\u0131l\u0131r ve bu taleplere ili\u015fkin giderler birlikte ve pe\u015fin olarak yat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.\u201d\u00b9 Bu d\u00fczenleme, sicile kay\u0131tl\u0131 ara\u00e7lar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan muhafaza i\u015fleminin sat\u0131\u015f talebiyle …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-104338","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n