T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ilan edilmesinin 101\u2019inci y\u0131l\u0131 t\u00fcm yurtta b\u00fcy\u00fck bir co\u015fkuyla kutlan\u0131yor.ANKARA (\u0130GFA) \u2013 T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi 29 Ekim 1923 tarihinde Cumhuriyet y\u00f6netimini ilan etti.
\nHer y\u0131l 29 Ekim\u2019de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ve Kuzey K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde kutlanan milli bayramda bu y\u0131l 101. y\u0131l co\u015fkusu ve gururu ya\u015fan\u0131yor. 1925 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bir yasa ile milli bayram olarak kutlanmaya ba\u015flan\u0131lan bu \u00f6zel g\u00fcn\u00fcn co\u015fkusu dalga dalga yay\u0131l\u0131yor.
\nGazi Mustafa Kemal, 22 Eyl\u00fcl 1923 tarihinde Viyana\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kan Neue Freie Presse gazetesinin muhabiri Lazar\u2019a verdi\u011fi deme\u00e7te devlet y\u00f6netimi sistemini ilk kez resmi olarak telaffuz etmi\u015fti.
\nViyana gazetesinde yer alan makale daha sonraki g\u00fcnlerde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yay\u0131n yapan gazetelerde de yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ak\u015fam gazetesi Viyana gazetesindeki s\u00f6zleri \u015f\u00f6yle aktarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131:
\n\u201cMustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n pek m\u00fchim beyanat\u0131: T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin d\u00e2hil\u00ee tek\u00e2m\u00fcl\u00fc (olgunla\u015fmas\u0131) tamamen bitmemi\u015ftir. Daha tadil\u00e2t vuku bulacak, bilumum tek\u00e2m\u00fcl\u00e2t\u0131m\u0131z Cumhuriyet esas\u0131na m\u00fcncer olacakt\u0131r.\u201d
\nGazetede yer alan \u201cCumhuriyet\u201d ilk defa ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
H\u00dcK\u00dcMET KR\u0130Z\u0130 VE LOZAN
\n1920\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131lan T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi ile birlikte devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revi Meclis Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak Mustafa Kemal taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.
\nAncak baz\u0131 yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkeler de Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n onay\u0131 i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki yeni devlet rejiminin daha a\u00e7\u0131k \u015fekilde belirlenmesini istiyordu.
\nDi\u011fer yandan 2. Ordu M\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fi\u2019ne getirilen Ali Fuat Pa\u015fa, yeni g\u00f6revi nedeniyle uhdesinde bulunan Meclis \u0130kinci Reisli\u011fi\u2019nden ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve istifas\u0131 24 Ekim\u2019de Meclis\u2019te okunmu\u015ftu. \u0130cra Vekilleri Heyeti Reisli\u011fi yapmakta olan Ali Fethi Bey de, y\u00fcr\u00fctmekte oldu\u011fu Dahiliye Vekilli\u011fi\u2019nden yo\u011fun i\u015f temposu gerek\u00e7esiyle ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn istifa etmi\u015fti.
\nBo\u015falan bu iki pozisyon i\u00e7in ertesi g\u00fcn bir araya gelen Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131 Grubu Dahiliye Vekilli\u011fi i\u00e7in Erzincan mebusu Sabit Bey\u2019i, Meclis \u0130kinci Reisli\u011fi i\u00e7in ise o s\u0131ralarda Ankara\u2019da olmayan Eski \u0130cra Vekilleri Heyeti Reisi Rauf Bey\u2019i aday g\u00f6sterme karar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131 Grubu\u2019nun tercihini iyi kar\u015f\u0131lamayarak \u0130cra Vekilleri Heyeti\u2019nin istifa ettirilmesiyle ba\u015flayan bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet krizi s\u00fcrecini idare etmeye ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
\n\u0130cra Vekilleri Heyeti ise 26 Ekim\u2019de \u00f6nce kendi i\u00e7inde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir toplant\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Mustafa Kemal\u2019in de kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00c7ankaya toplant\u0131s\u0131ndan sonra istifa karar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
\nBaz\u0131 \u00fclkeler Lozan\u2019da h\u00fck\u00fcmet \u015feklinin belirlenmesini isterken, i\u00e7eride de h\u00fck\u00fcmet krizi, Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilan\u0131n\u0131n yolunu a\u00e7\u0131yordu.
\nFethi Bey\u2019in ba\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu \u0130cra Vekilleri Heyeti\u2019nin 27 Ekim\u2019de B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi Reisi Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019ya sundu\u011fu istifa metninde \u00fclkenin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu dahili ve harici sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilmesi Meclis\u2019ten tam destek alan bir h\u00fck\u00fcmetin kurulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015f, b\u00f6yle bir kabinenin kurulabilmesi i\u00e7in de istifa edildi\u011finin alt\u0131 \u00e7izilmi\u015fti.
\nH\u00fck\u00fcmetin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n bu denli zor olmas\u0131 her vekilin B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi taraf\u0131ndan tek tek se\u00e7ilmesi \u015fart\u0131ndan ileri geliyordu. \u00c7ankaya\u2019da al\u0131nan karar gere\u011fi \u00f6nceki vekillerden hi\u00e7birinin yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmette g\u00f6rev almay\u0131 kabul etmemesi de bu zorlu\u011fu adeta \u2018imkans\u0131z\u2019 boyutuna ta\u015f\u0131yordu. S\u00fcre\u00e7 tam da Mustafa Kemal\u2019in istedi\u011fi \u015fekilde i\u015fliyor, Meclis\u2019te bir uzla\u015fma temin edilemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in yeni bir kabine kurulam\u0131yordu.
\n28 EK\u0130M AK\u015eAM YEME\u011e\u0130
\n\u0130smet Pa\u015fa ile M\u00fcdafaa-i Milliye Vekili K\u00e2z\u0131m Bey\u2019in de bulundu\u011fu ki\u015fileri 28 Ekim\u2019de \u00c7ankaya\u2019ya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, Cumhuriyet\u2019in ertesi g\u00fcn ilan edilece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.
\n29 Ekim Pazartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131 Grubu\u2019nda Mustafa Kemal, bunal\u0131m\u0131n icra vekilleri heyetinin se\u00e7ilme y\u00f6ntemi nedeniyle ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve art\u0131k sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zme vaktinin geldi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti. Hemen sonra da Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilan edilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki kanun teklifinin Meclis\u2019e getirilmesi karar\u0131na var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi g\u00fcndemine al\u0131nan Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Esasiye Kanunu\u2019ndaki baz\u0131 maddelerin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren teklif, konu\u015fmalar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan oy birli\u011fi ile kabul edildi. B\u00f6ylece Ekim ay\u0131n\u0131n son g\u00fcnlerinde ya\u015fanan kabine bunal\u0131m\u0131, 29 Ekim 1923\u2019te Anayasan\u0131n baz\u0131 maddelerinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi neticesinde \u00fclkenin siyasi rejimini de belirleyen Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilan\u0131 ile son bulmu\u015f oldu.
\n\u201cG\u00dcLE G\u00dcLE\u2026\u201d
\nGazi Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, en son 1937\u2019deki Cumhuriyet Bayram\u0131 kutlamalar\u0131na kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r hastal\u0131k nedeniyle 1938\u2019deki kutlamalar\u0131 tedavi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Dolmabah\u00e7e Saray\u0131\u2019nda kar\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
\nAtat\u00fcrk, 1937 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ankara\u2019da Cumhuriyet Bayram\u0131 kutlamalar\u0131na son kez kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Falih R\u0131fk\u0131 Atay, 29 Ekim 1938\u2019i \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yor:
\n\u201cCumhuriyet Bayram\u0131 gecesi Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i vapurlar\u0131ndan birini tutan gen\u00e7ler, Dolmabah\u00e7e Saray\u0131 r\u0131ht\u0131m\u0131na yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, hayk\u0131r\u0131yorlard\u0131. Atat\u00fcrk kesik kesik konu\u015farak pencereye gitmek istedi\u011fini anlatt\u0131. Kollar\u0131na girdiler, pencere kenar\u0131ndaki koltu\u011fa oturdu, eli ile gemiyi i\u015faret etti. Vapurda bir k\u0131yamettir koptu. Gen\u00e7ler hep bir a\u011f\u0131zdan \u201cDa\u011f ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 duman alm\u0131\u015f, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f dere durmaz akar\u201d mar\u015f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Atat\u00fcrk m\u0131r\u0131ldand\u0131: \u201cBu bayramlar ve yar\u0131nlar sizindir. G\u00fcle g\u00fcle\u2026\u201c
\nBa\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n simgesi olan bu \u00f6nemli g\u00fcn\u00fc co\u015fkuyla ve gururla kutluyoruz.29 Ekim Cumhuriyet Bayram\u0131m\u0131z kutlu olsun.
\n\u0130NTERNET GAZETEC\u0130LER\u0130 FEDERASYONU (\u0130GF)<\/p>\n
\u200bT\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ilan edilmesinin 101\u2019inci y\u0131l\u0131 t\u00fcm yurtta b\u00fcy\u00fck bir co\u015fkuyla kutlan\u0131yor\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u200bHaberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.iskenderun.org<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ilan edilmesinin 101\u2019inci y\u0131l\u0131 t\u00fcm yurtta b\u00fcy\u00fck bir co\u015fkuyla kutlan\u0131yor.ANKARA (\u0130GFA) \u2013 T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi 29 Ekim 1923 tarihinde Cumhuriyet y\u00f6netimini ilan etti. Her y\u0131l 29 Ekim\u2019de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ve Kuzey K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde kutlanan milli bayramda bu y\u0131l 101. y\u0131l co\u015fkusu ve gururu ya\u015fan\u0131yor. 1925 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bir yasa ile milli bayram olarak kutlanmaya ba\u015flan\u0131lan bu \u00f6zel g\u00fcn\u00fcn co\u015fkusu dalga dalga yay\u0131l\u0131yor. Gazi Mustafa Kemal, 22 Eyl\u00fcl 1923 tarihinde Viyana\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kan Neue Freie Presse gazetesinin muhabiri Lazar\u2019a verdi\u011fi deme\u00e7te devlet y\u00f6netimi sistemini ilk kez resmi olarak telaffuz etmi\u015fti. Viyana gazetesinde yer alan makale daha sonraki g\u00fcnlerde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yay\u0131n yapan gazetelerde de yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ak\u015fam gazetesi Viyana gazetesindeki s\u00f6zleri \u015f\u00f6yle aktarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: \u201cMustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n pek m\u00fchim beyanat\u0131: T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin d\u00e2hil\u00ee tek\u00e2m\u00fcl\u00fc (olgunla\u015fmas\u0131) tamamen bitmemi\u015ftir. Daha tadil\u00e2t vuku bulacak, bilumum tek\u00e2m\u00fcl\u00e2t\u0131m\u0131z Cumhuriyet esas\u0131na m\u00fcncer olacakt\u0131r.\u201d Gazetede yer alan \u201cCumhuriyet\u201d ilk defa ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. H\u00dcK\u00dcMET KR\u0130Z\u0130 VE LOZAN 1920\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131lan T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi ile birlikte devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revi Meclis Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak Mustafa Kemal taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ancak baz\u0131 yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkeler de Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n onay\u0131 i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki yeni devlet rejiminin daha a\u00e7\u0131k \u015fekilde belirlenmesini istiyordu. Di\u011fer yandan 2. Ordu M\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fi\u2019ne getirilen Ali Fuat Pa\u015fa, yeni g\u00f6revi nedeniyle uhdesinde bulunan Meclis \u0130kinci Reisli\u011fi\u2019nden …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,535],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10067","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gundem","category-uncategorized-tr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n