“\u0130\u00e7tihat Metni”<\/p>\n
T.C.
\nD A N I \u015e T A Y
\nALTINCI DA\u0130RE
\nEsas No : 2018\/5255
\nKarar No : 2022\/2870<\/p>\n
TEMY\u0130Z EDEN (DAVACILAR): 1- \u2026
\n2- \u2026
\nVEK\u0130LLER\u0130 : Av. \u2026<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eI TARAF (DAVALILAR): 1- \u2026 B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediye Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131
\nVEK\u0130L\u0130 : Av. \u2026
\n2- \u2026 Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 – \u2026
\nVEK\u0130L\u0130 : \u2026, Hukuk M\u00fc\u015faviri (E-Tebligat)<\/p>\n
\u0130STEM\u0130N KONUSU : \u2026 B\u00f6lge \u0130dare Mahkemesi \u2026 \u0130dari Dava Dairesinin \u2026 tarih ve E:\u2026, K:\u2026 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n temyizen incelenerek bozulmas\u0131 istenilmektedir.<\/p>\n
YARGILAMA S\u00dcREC\u0130 :<\/p>\n
Dava konusu istem: \u0130stanbul \u0130li, Be\u015fikta\u015f \u0130l\u00e7esi, \u2026Mahallesi, \u2026 pafta, \u2026ada, \u2026 parsel say\u0131l\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n uygulama imar plan\u0131nda konut alan\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, an\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131nmaza Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanunu’nun ge\u00e7ici 4. maddesi uyar\u0131nca ye\u015fil alan stat\u00fcs\u00fc uygulanmas\u0131 suretiyle m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011finden bahisle u\u011fran\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen 1.000.000,00-TL kamula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131z el atma bedelinin \u00f6denmesine ve idareye yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvurunun reddine dair 23.01.2015 tarihli i\u015flemin iptali istenilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk Derece Mahkemesi karar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zeti: \u2026 \u0130dare Mahkemesinin \u2026 tarih ve E:\u2026, K:\u2026 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile davan\u0131n esas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda karar verilmesine yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6lge \u0130dare Mahkemesi \u0130dari Dava Dairesi karar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zeti: Davan\u0131n esas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda karar verilmesine yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yolundaki \u2026 \u0130dare Mahkemesinin \u2026 tarih ve E:\u2026, K:\u2026 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 istinafa ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, istinaf ba\u015fvurular\u0131n\u0131n reddi yolundaki \u2026 B\u00f6lge \u0130dare Mahkemesi \u2026 \u0130dari Dava Dairesinin \u2026 tarih ve E:\u2026, K:\u2026 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n Dan\u0131\u015ftay Alt\u0131nc\u0131 Dairesinin 26\/10\/2017 tarih ve E:2017\/4323, K:2017\/8356 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131yla bozulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, bozma karar\u0131na uyularak mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na, davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
TEMY\u0130Z EDENLER\u0130N \u0130DD\u0130ALARI : Davac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan, davaya konu ta\u015f\u0131nmaza \u00f6zel kanunla k\u0131s\u0131tlama getirildi\u011fi, olaya 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun de\u011fil, 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun uygulanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, temyize konu karar\u0131n resen de dikkate al\u0131nacak sebeplerle bozulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eI TARAFIN SAVUNMALARI:<\/p>\n
1-\u2026 Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan, davac\u0131lar\u0131n temyiz istemlerinin reddi gerekti\u011fi savunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
2-\u2026B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediye Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan, davac\u0131lar\u0131n temyiz istemlerinin reddi gerekti\u011fi savunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
DANI\u015eTAY TETK\u0130K HAK\u0130M\u0130\u2026’IN D\u00dc\u015e\u00dcNCES\u0130 : Temyiz isteminin kabul\u00fc ile B\u00f6lge \u0130dare Mahkemesi \u0130dari Dava Dairesi karar\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
T\u00dcRK M\u0130LLET\u0130 ADINA<\/p>\n
Karar veren Dan\u0131\u015ftay Alt\u0131nc\u0131 Dairesince, 29\/10\/2021 g\u00fcnl\u00fc, 31643 say\u0131l\u0131 Resmi Gazetede yay\u0131mlanan 85 say\u0131l\u0131 Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesinin 1. maddesi uyar\u0131nca, 1 say\u0131l\u0131 Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Te\u015fkilat\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesinin Alt\u0131nc\u0131 K\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 “\u00c7evre, \u015eehircilik ve \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi” \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirildi\u011finden husumetin \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerine \u00c7evre, \u015eehircilik ve \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6neltilmesine karar verilerek, Tetkik Hakiminin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 dinlendikten ve dosyadaki belgeler incelendikten sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
\u0130NCELEME VE GEREK\u00c7E:
\nMADD\u0130 OLAY :<\/p>\n
Davac\u0131lar\u0131n hisseli malikleri oldu\u011fu \u0130stanbul \u0130li, Be\u015fikta\u015f \u0130l\u00e7esi, \u2026 Mahallesi, \u2026 sokak, \u2026 pafta, \u2026 ada, \u2026 parselde kay\u0131tl\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz’\u0131n 1\/1000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Sahil \u015eeridi ve \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesi Uygulama \u0130mar Plan\u0131nda Konut Alan\u0131 fonksiyonunda kalmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanunu’nu ge\u00e7ici 4. maddesi uyar\u0131nca ye\u015fil alan stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu nedenle m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011finden bahisle; s\u00f6z konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 talebiyle daval\u0131 idareye yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 19\/12\/2014 tarihli ba\u015fvurunun reddine y\u00f6nelik tesis edilen \u2026 tarih, \u2026 say\u0131l\u0131 i\u015flemin iptali ile \u015fimdilik kayd\u0131yla 1.000.000,00-TL zarar\u0131n dava tarihinden itibaren i\u015fleyecek yasal faiziyle birlikte tazmini istemiyle g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte olan dava a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 MEVZUAT:<\/p>\n
Anayasan\u0131n 35. maddesinde: “Herkes, m\u00fclkiyet ve miras haklar\u0131na sahiptir. Bu haklar, ancak kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131yla, kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 toplum yarar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.” kural\u0131na yer verilmi\u015f; temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen 13. maddesinde ise, temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlerin, \u00f6zlerine dokunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca Anayasan\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilece\u011fi, bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n, Anayasan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin ve laik Cumhuriyetin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamayaca\u011f\u0131 vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Keza Anayasan\u0131n 90. maddesi uyar\u0131nca uygun bulunan ve i\u00e7 hukukun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 halini alan Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 1 nolu Ek Protokol\u00fcn\u00fcn “M\u00fclkiyetin korunmas\u0131” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 1. maddesinde de: “Her ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015finin mal ve m\u00fclk dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesini isteme hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bir kimse, ancak kamu yarar\u0131 sebebiyle ve yasada \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ko\u015fullara ve uluslararas\u0131 hukukun genel ilkelerine uygun olarak mal ve m\u00fclk\u00fcnden yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131labilir.” h\u00fckm\u00fc yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n3194 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130mar Kanununun 10. maddesinde: “Belediyeler; imar planlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesinden en ge\u00e7 3 ay i\u00e7inde, bu plan\u0131 tatbik etmek \u00fczere 5 y\u0131ll\u0131k imar programlar\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlarlar. Be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k imar programlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda ilgili yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 kamu kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n temsilcileri g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri esas al\u0131nmak \u00fczere Meclis toplant\u0131s\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131r. Bu programlar, belediye meclisinde kabul edildikten sonra kesinle\u015fir. Bu program i\u00e7inde bulunan kamu kurulu\u015flar\u0131na tahsis edilen alanlar, ilgili kamu kurulu\u015flar\u0131na bildirilir. Be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k imar programlar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalan alanlardaki kamu hizmet tesislerine tahsis edilmi\u015f olan yerleri ilgili kamu kurulu\u015flar\u0131, bu program s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rlar. Bu ama\u00e7la gerekli \u00f6denek, kamu kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k b\u00fct\u00e7elerine konulur.” h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
3194 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130mar Kanununun, 04.07.2019 tarihli, 7181 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 7.maddesi ile ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile birlikte de\u011fi\u015fen “\u0130mar planlar\u0131nda umumi hizmetlere ve kamu hizmetlerine ayr\u0131lan yerler” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 13. maddesinde; “\u00d6zel hukuk ki\u015filerinin m\u00fclkiyetinde olup uygulama imar plan\u0131nda d\u00fczenleme ortakl\u0131k pay\u0131na konu kullan\u0131mlarda yer alan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar;<\/p>\n
a) Bu kullan\u0131mlardan umumi hizmetlere ayr\u0131lan alanlar \u00f6ncelikle 18 inci maddeye g\u00f6re arazi ve arsa d\u00fczenlemesi yap\u0131larak,<\/p>\n
b) 4\/11\/1983 tarihli ve 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda s\u0131ras\u0131yla, ilgisine g\u00f6re Hazine veya ilgili idarelerin m\u00fclkiyetindeki ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar ile trampa yap\u0131lmak veya sat\u0131n al\u0131nmak suretiyle, ilgili kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015funca kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak kamu m\u00fclkiyetine ge\u00e7irilir.<\/p>\n
D\u00fczenleme ortakl\u0131k pay\u0131na konu kullan\u0131mlardan yol, meydan, ibadet yerleri, park ve \u00e7ocuk bah\u00e7eleri hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere yap\u0131 yap\u0131labilecek di\u011fer alanlarda; alanlar\u0131n kamuya ge\u00e7i\u015fi sa\u011flan\u0131ncaya kadar maliklerinin talebi h\u00e2linde ilgili kamu kurulu\u015funun uygun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc al\u0131narak plandaki kullan\u0131m amac\u0131na uygun \u00f6zel tesis yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
\u0130lgili mevzuat uyar\u0131nca hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131 yap\u0131lamayacak alanlarda muvakkat da olsa yap\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verilmez. Mevcut yap\u0131lar kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131ncaya kadar korunabilir. Bu alanlarda be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k imar program\u0131 s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde, birinci f\u0131kran\u0131n (a) ve (b) bentlerine g\u00f6re i\u015flem tesis edilerek parsel, kamu m\u00fclkiyetine ge\u00e7irilmek zorundad\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre en fazla bir y\u0131l uzat\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Parsel maliklerinin hisselerini idareye hibe etmeleri veya bedelsiz devretmeleri durumunda, idare devir i\u015flemlerini bedel almaks\u0131z\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu i\u015flemler i\u00e7in parsel maliklerinden hi\u00e7bir vergi, resim, har\u00e7, d\u00f6ner sermaye \u00fccreti ve herhangi bir ad alt\u0131nda bedel al\u0131nmaz.<\/p>\n
Kamu kullan\u0131m\u0131na ait sosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve teknik altyap\u0131 alanlar\u0131n\u0131n, Hazine veya kamu m\u00fclkiyetindeki alanlarla trampa yap\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, \u015fah\u0131s veya \u00f6zel hukuk ki\u015filerinden hi\u00e7bir vergi, resim, har\u00e7, \u00fccret, d\u00f6ner sermaye \u00fccreti ve herhangi bir ad alt\u0131nda bedel al\u0131nmaz.<\/p>\n
Bu maddenin uygulanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a haz\u0131rlanan y\u00f6netmelikle belirlenir.” h\u00fckm\u00fc yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma Kanununa 07.09.2016 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 6745 say\u0131l\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n Proje Baz\u0131nda Desteklenmesi ile Baz\u0131 Kanun ve Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararnamelerde De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanunun 33. maddesi ile eklenen Ek Madde 1’de; “Uygulama imar planlar\u0131nda umumi hizmetlere ve resmi kurumlara ayr\u0131lmak suretiyle m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcne dokunacak \u015fekilde tasarrufu hukuken k\u0131s\u0131tlanan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar hakk\u0131nda, uygulama imar planlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesinden itibaren be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde imar programlar\u0131 veya imar uygulamalar\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r ve b\u00fct\u00e7e imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 d\u00e2hilinde bu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar ilgili idarelerce kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r veya her h\u00e2lde m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131na engel te\u015fkil edecek k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kald\u0131racak \u015fekilde imar plan\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yap\u0131l\u0131r\/yapt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde belirtilen i\u015flemlerin yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n malikleri taraf\u0131ndan, bu Kanunun ge\u00e7ici 6 nc\u0131 maddesindeki uzla\u015fma s\u00fcrecini ve 3194 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130mar Kanununda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen idari ba\u015fvuru ve i\u015flemleri tamamland\u0131ktan sonra ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131ndan sorumlu idare aleyhine idari yarg\u0131da dava a\u00e7\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Birinci f\u0131kra uyar\u0131nca dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n ya da \u00fczerinde tesis edilen irtifak hakk\u0131n\u0131n dava tarihindeki de\u011feri, mahkemece; bu Kanunun 15 inci maddesine g\u00f6re bilirki\u015fi incelemesi yap\u0131larak, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n hukuken tasarrufunun k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya fiilen el konuldu\u011fu tarihteki nitelikleri esas al\u0131nmak suretiyle tespit edilir ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n veya hakk\u0131n idare ad\u0131na tesciline veya terkinine h\u00fckmedilir.<\/p>\n
Bu madde kapsam\u0131nda kalan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lacak dava ve takiplerde, bu Kanunun ge\u00e7ici 6 nc\u0131 maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc, yedinci, sekizinci ve on birinci f\u0131kra h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, bu maddenin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarihten \u00f6nce a\u00e7\u0131lan ancak hen\u00fcz karara ba\u011flanmayan veya karar\u0131 kesinle\u015fmeyen davalara bu madde h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, kesinle\u015fen ancak hen\u00fcz \u00f6demesi yap\u0131lmayan kararlar hakk\u0131nda ise ge\u00e7ici 6 nc\u0131 maddenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc, sekizinci ve on birinci f\u0131kra h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r.
\nBu Kanunun ge\u00e7ici 6 nc\u0131 maddesinin sekizinci f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken y\u00fczde iki oran\u0131ndaki \u00f6denekler, y\u00fczde d\u00f6rt olarak ayr\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130lave olarak ayr\u0131lan y\u00fczde iki oran\u0131ndaki \u00f6denekler, m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran bu ek madde ile ge\u00e7ici 11 inci ve ge\u00e7ici 12 nci maddeler kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak \u00f6demelerde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Yap\u0131lacak \u00f6demelerin toplam tutar\u0131n\u0131n ilave olarak ayr\u0131lan \u00f6dene\u011fin toplam\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, \u00f6demeler, en fazla on y\u0131lda ve ge\u00e7ici 6 nc\u0131 maddenin sekizinci f\u0131kras\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fcne g\u00f6re yap\u0131l\u0131r.” h\u00fckm\u00fc d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanuna 6745 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 34. maddesiyle “Bu Kanunun ek 1 inci maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda kalan ve bu maddenin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarihten \u00f6nce tasarrufu hukuken k\u0131s\u0131tlanan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar hakk\u0131nda ayn\u0131 f\u0131krada belirtilen s\u00fcre, bu maddenin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarihten itibaren ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n
Bu Kanunun ek 1 inci maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fc, bu madde kapsam\u0131nda kalan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlara ili\u015fkin dava ve takipler hakk\u0131nda da uygulan\u0131r.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7eren Ge\u00e7ici 11. madde eklenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u2026\u0130dare Mahkemesinin E:\u2026 say\u0131s\u0131na ve \u2026 \u0130dare Mahkemesinin E:\u2026 say\u0131s\u0131na kay\u0131tl\u0131 dosyalarda, Ge\u00e7ici 11. maddenin; derdest olan davalar\u0131n esas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda karar verilmesini engelleyici bir d\u00fczenleme oldu\u011fu, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 \u00fczerindeki k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n daha uzun s\u00fcrmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131, yarg\u0131 yetkisinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda genel hukuk ilkelerine uygun olmayan s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar getirildi\u011fi, bu sebeple ilgili kural\u0131n m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131, hak arama h\u00fcrriyetini ve hukuk devleti ilkesini zedeledi\u011fi belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 5., 9., 35. ve 36. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fundan bahisle itiraz yoluyla Anayasa Mahkemesine ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015f, bu ba\u015fvurular \u00fczerine Anayasa Mahkemesinin 28.03.2018 tarihli, E:2016\/196, K:2018\/34 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131yla, 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma Kanununa 6745 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 34. maddesi ile eklenen Ge\u00e7ici 11. maddenin Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fundan iptaline karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan, Anayasa Mahkemesinin 20\/12\/2018 tarihli, E:2016\/181, K:2018\/111 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131yla da Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma Kanununun Ek 1. maddesinin birinci fikras\u0131n\u0131n ilk c\u00fcmlesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n da Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fundan iptaline karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2863 say\u0131l\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Kanununun “Tan\u0131mlar ve K\u0131saltmalar” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 3. maddesinde:”… \u201cDo\u011fal (tabii) sit\u201d; jeolojik devirlere ait olup, ender bulunmalar\u0131 nedeniyle ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc \u00f6zelliklere sahip yer \u00fcst\u00fcnde, yer alt\u0131nda veya su alt\u0131nda bulunan korunmas\u0131 gerekli alanlard\u0131r.” \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 7. maddesinde korunmas\u0131 gerekli ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n tespit ve tesciline ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler getirilmi\u015f, 8. maddesinde; korunma alanlar\u0131n\u0131n tespiti ve bu alanlarda in\u015faat ve tesisat yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda koruma kurullar\u0131n\u0131n yetkili oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015f, 9. maddesinde de; korunmas\u0131 gerekli ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131, koruma alanlar\u0131 ve sit alanlar\u0131nda in\u015fai ve fiziki m\u00fcdahalede bulunma yasa\u011f\u0131 getirilmi\u015f, hangi eylemlerin in\u015fai ve fiziki m\u00fcdahale oldu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2863 say\u0131l\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Kanununun “Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 15. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinde ” Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr varl\u0131klar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n korunma alanlar\u0131, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirlenen esaslara g\u00f6re kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r: K\u0131smen veya tamamen ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczelki\u015filerin m\u00fclkiyetine ge\u00e7mi\u015f olan korunmas\u0131 gerekli ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131 ile korunma alanlar\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca haz\u0131rlanacak programlara uygun olarak kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu maksat i\u00e7in, K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00e7esine yeterli \u00f6denek konur. (Ek: 17\/6\/1987 – 3386\/5 md.; De\u011fi\u015fik:14\/7\/2004 \u2013 5226\/7 md.) Kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131, belediyeler, il \u00f6zel idareleri ve mahall\u00ee idare birlikleri tescilli ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, koruma b\u00f6lge kurullar\u0131n\u0131n belirledi\u011fi fonksiyonda kullan\u0131lmak kayd\u0131yla kamula\u015ft\u0131rabilirler.”, h\u00fckm\u00fc yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Y\u00fcksek Kurulunun do\u011fal (tabii) sitler, koruma ve kullanma ko\u015fullar\u0131 ile ilgili 19.06.2007 tarihli, 728 say\u0131l\u0131 ilke karar\u0131nda:<\/p>\n
“1- I. Derece Do\u011fal (Tabii) Sit: Bilimsel muhafaza a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan evrensel de\u011feri olan, ilgin\u00e7 \u00f6zellik ve g\u00fczelliklere sahip olmas\u0131 ve ender bulunmas\u0131 nedeniyle kamu yarar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan mutlaka korunmas\u0131 gerekli olan, korumaya y\u00f6nelik bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda aynen korunacak alanlard\u0131r.
\nBu alanlarda, bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc, topografya, sil\u00fcet etkisini bozabilecek, tahribata y\u00f6nelik hi\u00e7bir eylemde bulunulamayaca\u011f\u0131na, ancak;<\/p>\n
a) Kesin yap\u0131 yasa\u011f\u0131 olmakla birlikte, resmi ve \u00f6zel kurulu\u015flarca zorunlu olan alanlarda, teknik altyap\u0131 hizmetleri (kanalizasyon, a\u00e7\u0131k otopark, telesiyej, teleferik, i\u00e7me suyu, enerji nakil hatt\u0131, telefon hatt\u0131, do\u011falgaz hatt\u0131, GSM baz istasyonu ve benzeri) uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n koruma b\u00f6lge kurulunun uygun g\u00f6rece\u011fi \u015fekliyle yap\u0131labilece\u011fine,<\/p>\n
b) 1\/25.000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u00c7evre D\u00fczeni Plan\u0131 veya 1\/5000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli Naz\u0131m \u0130mar Plan\u0131 do\u011frultusunda haz\u0131rlanacak projesine g\u00f6re ilgili koruma kurulundan izin almak ko\u015fulu ile halka a\u00e7\u0131k rekreasyon ama\u00e7l\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcbirlik tesisler (lokanta, b\u00fcfe, kafeterya, soyunma kabinleri, wc, gezi yolu, a\u00e7\u0131k otopark ve benzeri) ile alan\u0131n ve \u00e7evrenin \u00f6zelliklerinden kaynaklanan faaliyetlerin korunmas\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmesi amac\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yap\u0131lar\u0131n (iskele, bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 bar\u0131na\u011f\u0131, bek\u00e7i kul\u00fcbesi ve benzeri) yap\u0131labilece\u011fine,…<\/p>\n
f) Do\u011fal dengenin devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla ilgili kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri do\u011frultusunda alan\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011finden kaynaklanan faaliyetlerin koruma kurulu izni do\u011frultusunda s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilece\u011fine ” karar verilmi\u015ftir. Bu kararda ta\u015f\u0131nmazdan bu haliyle ne \u015fekilde yararlan\u0131l\u0131p yararlan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ilkeler belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 648 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname ile de\u011fi\u015fik 17. maddesinin a bendinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda ” Koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131ncaya kadar, koruma b\u00f6lge kurulu taraf\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7 ay i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi koruma esaslar\u0131 ve kullanma \u015fartlar\u0131 belirlenir. Belediyeler, valilikler ve ilgili kurumlar s\u00f6z konusu alanda \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131 haz\u0131rlat\u0131p incelenmek ve sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmak \u00fczere koruma b\u00f6lge kuruluna vermek zorundad\u0131r. (de\u011fi\u015fiklik \u00f6ncesinde bu s\u00fcre iki y\u0131l olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015fti) \u00dc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde zorunlu nedenlerle plan yap\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde koruma b\u00f6lge kurulunca gerek\u00e7eli olarak bu s\u00fcre uzat\u0131labilir. Uzat\u0131lan s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi koruma esaslar\u0131 ve kullanma \u015fartlar\u0131 uygulan\u0131r.” h\u00fckm\u00fcne; ayn\u0131 maddenin b bendinde ” Koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar pl\u00e2nlar\u0131yla kesin yap\u0131lanma yasa\u011f\u0131 getirilen sit alanlar\u0131nda bulunan ger\u00e7ek ve \u00f6zel hukuk t\u00fczel ki\u015filerinin m\u00fclkiyetindeki ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar malikin ba\u015fvurusu \u00fczerine, belediye ve il \u00f6zel idaresine ait ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarla takas edilebilir.” h\u00fckm\u00fcne; ayn\u0131 Kanunun 15. Maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (f) bendinde ” (Ek: 17\/6\/1987 – 3386\/5 md.; De\u011fi\u015fik: 25\/6\/2009-5917\/24 md.) Sit alan\u0131 ilan edilen ve 1\/1000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli onanl\u0131 koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131nda kesin in\u015faat yasa\u011f\u0131 getirilen korunmas\u0131 gerekli ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu parseller, (\u2026) ba\u015fka Hazine arsa veya arazileri ile m\u00fcstakil veya hisseli olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir. Sit alan\u0131 ilan edildi\u011fi tapu k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u015ferh edilen ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131, miras ve \u00f6l\u00fcme ba\u011fl\u0131 tasarruflar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, sonradan edinenlerin talepleri de\u011ferlendirilmez. Ancak, Bakanl\u0131k izniyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen kaz\u0131lar\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlarda bulunan parsellerde, maliklerin ba\u015fvurusu ve kabul\u00fcne ili\u015fkin ko\u015ful parsele y\u00f6nelik uygulan\u0131r ve 1\/1000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli onanl\u0131 koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131 \u015fart\u0131 aranmaz. Bu parsellerin \u00fczerinde bina veya tesis varsa malikinin ba\u015fvurusu \u00fczerine rayi\u00e7 bedeli, 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 11 inci maddesi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re belirlenerek \u00f6denir. Bu bentle ilgili usul ve esaslar Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n uygun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc al\u0131narak Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan y\u00f6netmelikle belirlenir. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmle ilgili usul ve esaslar y\u00f6netmelikle belirlenir.” h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131, Do\u011fal Sit Alanlar\u0131 Ve \u00d6zel \u00c7evre Koruma B\u00f6lgelerinde Kalan Yap\u0131 Yasakl\u0131 Ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n Hazine Ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131 \u0130le De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi Hakk\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin “Trampa edilebilecek ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 4. maddesinde”(1) Bakanlar Kurulu karar\u0131 ile tescil ve ilan edilen, 1\/1000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli onanl\u0131 koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131nda kesin in\u015faat yasa\u011f\u0131 getirilen tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131, do\u011fal sit alanlar\u0131, orman rejimine tabi olmayan koruma alanlar\u0131 ve \u00f6zel \u00e7evre koruma b\u00f6lgelerinde kalan, Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fck taraf\u0131ndan her y\u0131l belirlenecek trampa programlar\u0131na al\u0131nan ger\u00e7ek ve \u00f6zel hukuk t\u00fczel ki\u015filerine ait ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar Hazine ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131 ile trampa edilebilir.<\/p>\n
(2) Ancak;<\/p>\n
a) M\u00fclkiyet uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan,<\/p>\n
b) 26\/1\/1939 tarihli ve 3573 say\u0131l\u0131 Zeytincili\u011fin Islah\u0131 ve Yabanilerinin A\u015f\u0131latt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri gere\u011fince Devlet\u00e7e da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlardan sit alan\u0131 olarak belirlenen ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar ile tapu k\u00fct\u00fcklerinde halen 3573 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair \u015ferh bulunan, …<\/p>\n
k) \u0130mar plan\u0131nda yola, oto parka, ye\u015fil sahaya rastlayan veya di\u011fer kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revleri kapsam\u0131nda sorumlu bulunduklar\u0131 veya bak\u0131m ve onar\u0131m ile g\u00f6revli olduklar\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar, Hazine ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131yla trampaya konu edilemez. 1 inci derece do\u011fal sit alan\u0131 (kesin korunacak hassas alan) ile 1 inci ve 2 nci derece arkeolojik sit alan\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 halinde takas i\u015flemleri K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr.” d\u00fczenlemesi yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanununun 1.maddesinde “Bu Kanunun amac\u0131; \u0130stanbul Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve tarihi de\u011ferlerini ve do\u011fa g\u00fczelliklerini kamu yarar\u0131 g\u00f6zetilerek korumak ve geli\u015ftirmek ve bu alandaki n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011funu art\u0131racak yap\u0131lanmay\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in uygulanacak imar mevzuat\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek ve d\u00fczenlemektir. \u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc, 2. maddesinde,”… \u201ca) Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131; Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i k\u0131y\u0131 ve sahil \u015feridinden, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesinden, geri g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesinden ve etkilenme b\u00f6lgelerinden olu\u015fan ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ve koordinatlar\u0131 bu Kanuna ekli krokide i\u015faretli ve 22\/7\/1983 onay tarihli naz\u0131m planda g\u00f6sterilen aland\u0131r.b) Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i sahil \u015feridi; Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i k\u0131y\u0131 kenar \u00e7izgisi ile 22\/7\/1983 tarihli 1\/5000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli naz\u0131m plan\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilen hat aras\u0131nda kalan b\u00f6lgedir.c) \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesi; Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i sahil \u015feridine biti\u015fik olan ve 22\/7\/1983 tarihli 1\/1000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli imar uygulama plan\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilen b\u00f6lgedir.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc, 5. maddesinde,”…Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131nda orman say\u0131lmayan kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131na veya \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyete ait koru, koruya kat\u0131lacak alan, \u00e7ay\u0131r, mesire yeri, bostan ve benzeri alanlar ye\u015fil alan say\u0131l\u0131r ve bitki varl\u0131klar\u0131 geli\u015ftirilerek muhafaza edilir…” h\u00fckm\u00fc, ge\u00e7ici 4. maddesinde, “Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i k\u0131y\u0131, sahil \u015feridi ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm b\u00f6lgelerinde 22\/7\/1983 tasdik tarihli 1\/5000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli naz\u0131m ve 1\/1000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli imar uygulama planlar\u0131 ile konut kullan\u0131m\u0131na ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ancak yap\u0131 yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olan yerlerde ye\u015fil alan stat\u00fcs\u00fc uygulan\u0131r.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanununun “B\u00fct\u00e7e” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 14.maddesinde, “Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u0130mar M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc b\u00fct\u00e7esi; Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u0130mar \u0130dare Heyetinin karar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcteakip, \u0130stanbul Belediyesi b\u00fct\u00e7esi i\u00e7inde ayr\u0131 bir program olarak yer al\u0131r. \u0130ta amiri Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u0130mar M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.” h\u00fckm\u00fcne, “Gelirler” “ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 15. maddesinde “Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u0130mar M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn gelirleri \u015funlard\u0131r. a) Genel b\u00fct\u00e7eden yap\u0131lacak yard\u0131mlar, Genel b\u00fct\u00e7eden, \u0130stanbul Belediyesi b\u00fct\u00e7esi kanal\u0131yla yap\u0131lacak yard\u0131mlardan Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u0130mar M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ayr\u0131lacak miktar, b\u00fct\u00e7e kanunlar\u0131nda tasrih edilir. c) Bo\u011faz k\u00f6pr\u00fclerinden ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00fccretlerinin y\u00fczde 10’u, d) Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131nda plan ilkelerine uygun olarak yap\u0131lacak in\u015faat veya tadilat projelerinin uygulanmas\u0131nda 2464 say\u0131l\u0131 Belediye Gelirleri Kanununda yer alan imar ile ilgili har\u00e7lar ve harcamalara kat\u0131lma paylar\u0131n\u0131n bir misli oran\u0131nda al\u0131nacak har\u00e7 ve harcamalara kat\u0131lma paylar\u0131, e) Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere, yurt i\u00e7i ve yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak her t\u00fcrl\u00fc mal, para ve benzeri ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar ve yard\u0131mlar ve bu Kanuna g\u00f6re tahsil edilecek di\u011fer gelirler.” “h\u00fckm\u00fcne, “Gelirlerin tahsili ” “ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 16. maddesinde ” Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u0130mar M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gelirlerinden; a) 15 inci madde (d) bendinde belirtilen gelirler \u0130stanbul Belediyesince, (c) bendinde belirtilen gelirler ilgili i\u015fletmelerce tahsil edilir ve Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u0130mar M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc harcamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olmak \u00fczere tahsil edildikleri ay\u0131 takip eden ay sonuna kadar a\u00e7\u0131lan \u00f6zel hesaba yat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Tahsil edilen bu gelirleri zaman\u0131nda yat\u0131rmayanlar hakk\u0131nda kanuni i\u015flem yap\u0131l\u0131r, ayr\u0131ca tutarlar\u0131 y\u00fczde 10 fazlas\u0131yla tahsil edilir. Bu Kanunda aksine h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmayan hallerde 213 say\u0131l\u0131 Vergi Usul Kanunu ve 6183 say\u0131l\u0131 Amme Alacaklar\u0131n\u0131n Tahsil Usul\u00fc Hakk\u0131nda Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r. b) Belediyeler ve il \u00f6zel idareleri ortak fonlar\u0131ndan her y\u0131l Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lan pay, \u0130ller Bankas\u0131 Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnce Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemlerine ve alt yap\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na tahsis edilir. Bu pay\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin esas ve usuller \u0130mar ve \u0130skan Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca haz\u0131rlanacak y\u00f6netmelikte belirtilir.” “h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
HUKUK\u0130 DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RME:<\/p>\n
Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesinde yer alan ta\u015f\u0131nmazla ilgili yap\u0131lan bireysel ba\u015fvuruya ili\u015fkin Anayasa Mahkemesinin 9.06.2021 tarihli, Ba\u015fvuru No:2017\/15318 say\u0131l\u0131 Mehmet Umut Akarca karar\u0131nda. ” 27. Ba\u015fvurucu; Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesi’nde yer alan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n\u0131n 22\/7\/1983 tarihli uygulama imar plan\u0131nda park alan\u0131, 24\/2\/1984 tarihli n\u00e2z\u0131m imar plan\u0131nda ye\u015fil alan olarak ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131ndan emsal parseller gibi yararlanmas\u0131n\u0131n ve ta\u015f\u0131nmazdan tasarruf edebilmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu yakla\u015f\u0131k otuz d\u00f6rt y\u0131ld\u0131r ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerindeki k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n devam etti\u011fini, buna ra\u011fmen idari makamlar\u0131n bu s\u00fcrede ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde herhangi bir giri\u015fimde bulunmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, bu konudaki taleplerinin sonu\u00e7suz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu bu gerek\u00e7elerle adil yarg\u0131lanma ve m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
\n…1. Kabul Edilebilirlik Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden
\n…
\n33. Dolays\u0131yla uygulama imar plan\u0131nda park alan\u0131, naz\u0131m imar plan\u0131nda ye\u015fil alan olarak kabul edilen ba\u015fvuru konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n Y\u00f6netmelik’in 4. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (k) bendinde ifade edili\u015f \u015fekliyle ye\u015fil sahaya rastlayan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz kapsam\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yak\u0131n tarihli Dan\u0131\u015ftay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda takas imk\u00e2n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re somut olay \u00f6zelinde etkili yol olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan takas yoluna ba\u015fvurulmamas\u0131 nedeniyle ba\u015fvuru yollar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketilmedi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
34. Netice itibar\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kabul edilemezli\u011fine karar verilmesini gerektirecek ba\u015fka bir neden de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
2. Esas Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden
\n…
\n37. Anayasa’n\u0131n 13. ve 35. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahalenin Anayasa’ya uygun olabilmesi i\u00e7in m\u00fcdahalenin kanuna dayanmas\u0131, kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 ve ayr\u0131ca \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi g\u00f6zetilerek yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir (Recep Tarhan ve Afife Tarhan, B. No: 2014\/1546, 2\/2\/2017, \u00a7 62).<\/p>\n
38. Somut olayda m\u00fcdahalenin ula\u015f\u0131labilir, belirli ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir nitelikte olan 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine (bkz. Ayla Do\u011fuo\u011flu, \u00a7\u00a7 18-21) dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
39. 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 1. maddesinde Kanun’un \u0130stanbul Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i alan\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve tarih\u00ee de\u011ferlerini, do\u011fa g\u00fczelliklerini korumak ve geli\u015ftirmek, bu alandaki n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011funu art\u0131racak yap\u0131lanmay\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in uygulanacak imar mevzuat\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek amac\u0131yla d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re imar plan\u0131nda park alan\u0131 olarak kabul edilen ta\u015f\u0131nmaza y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahalenin kamu yarar\u0131na dayal\u0131 me\u015fru bir amac\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu kabul edilmelidir.<\/p>\n
40. Son olarak ba\u015fvurucunun m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n
41. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi elveri\u015flilik, gereklilik ve orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 alt ilkeden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Elveri\u015flilik \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen m\u00fcdahalenin ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131n\u0131, gereklilik ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan m\u00fcdahalenin zorunlu olmas\u0131n\u0131 yani ayn\u0131 amaca daha hafif bir m\u00fcdahale ile ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131n\u0131, orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k ise bireyin hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahale ile ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 aras\u0131nda makul bir dengenin g\u00f6zetilmesi gereklili\u011fini ifade etmektedir (AYM, E.2011\/111, K.2012\/56, 11\/4\/2012; E.2014\/176, K.2015\/53, 27\/5\/2015; E.2016\/13, K.2016\/127, 22\/6\/2016; Mehmet Akdo\u011fan ve di\u011ferleri, B. No: 2013\/817, 19\/12\/2013, \u00a7 38).<\/p>\n
42. Orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k ilkesi gere\u011fi ki\u015filerin m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde elde edilmek istenen kamu yarar\u0131 ile bireyin haklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda adil bir dengenin kurulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bu adil denge, ba\u015fvurucunun \u015fahsi olarak a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir y\u00fcke katland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespit edilmesi durumunda bozulmu\u015f olacakt\u0131r. M\u00fcdahalenin orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirirken Anayasa Mahkemesi; bir taraftan ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen me\u015fru amac\u0131n \u00f6nemini, di\u011fer taraftan da m\u00fcdahalenin niteli\u011fini, ba\u015fvurucunun ve kamu otoritelerinin davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak ba\u015fvurucuya y\u00fcklenen k\u00fclfeti dikkate alacakt\u0131r (Arif G\u00fcven, B. No: 2014\/13966, 15\/2\/2017, \u00a7\u00a7 58, 60; Osman Ukav, B. No: 2014\/12501, 6\/7\/2017, \u00a7 71).<\/p>\n
43. Somut olayda \u0130stanbul Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131 Gayrimenkul Eski Eserler ve An\u0131tlar Y\u00fcksek Kurulunun 14\/12\/1974 tarihli karar ile do\u011fal sit alan\u0131 stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz, 22\/7\/1983 tarihli uygulama imar plan\u0131nda park alan\u0131, 24\/2\/1984 tarihli n\u00e2z\u0131m imar plan\u0131nda ye\u015fil alan olarak ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
44. Benzer nitelikteki ta\u015f\u0131nmazlara ili\u015fkin yak\u0131n tarihli Dan\u0131\u015ftay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’a g\u00f6re k\u0131smen veya tamamen \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyete ge\u00e7mi\u015f olan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ve koruma alanlar\u0131n\u0131n bir program d\u00e2hilinde, uygulama imar plan\u0131na g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanacak projelerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi amac\u0131yla kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
45. Buna g\u00f6re ba\u015fvurucunun do\u011fal sit alan\u0131 olmalar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda imar durumundaki bu k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar ve kesin yap\u0131la\u015fma yasa\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n\u0131 diledi\u011fi gibi kullanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131ndan tasarruf edemedi\u011fi de a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla takas imk\u00e2n\u0131 da bulunmayan ba\u015fvuru konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Anayasa’n\u0131n 13., 35. ve 46. maddelerindeki di\u011fer g\u00fcvencelere de uygun olarak ve makul bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle m\u00fcdahalenin ihlal olu\u015fturmayaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n
46. Anayasa Mahkemesi ayn\u0131 konu ile ilgili \u015fik\u00e2yetleri daha \u00f6nce incelemi\u015f ve uygulanacak ilkeleri ortaya koymu\u015ftur (H\u00fcseyin \u00dcnal, \u00a7\u00a7 34-62).<\/p>\n
47. Anayasa Mahkemesi H\u00fcseyin \u00dcnal ba\u015fvurusunda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmede uygulama imar plan\u0131n\u0131n onaylanmas\u0131ndan itibaren be\u015f y\u0131ldan fazla s\u00fcre ge\u00e7mesine ra\u011fmen imar plan\u0131nda kamu hizmetine ayr\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 ve herhangi bir tazminat da \u00f6denmemesinin ba\u015fvurucuya \u015fahsi olarak a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fckledi\u011fi kanaatine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sebeple ba\u015fvurucunun m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ile kamunun yarar\u0131 aras\u0131nda olmas\u0131 gereken adil dengenin ba\u015fvurucu aleyhine bozuldu\u011fu ve m\u00fcdahalenin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir (H\u00fcseyin \u00dcnal, \u00a7\u00a7 51-62).<\/p>\n
48. Somut ba\u015fvuruda da ba\u015fvurucuya ait ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n 22\/7\/1983 tarihli uygulama imar plan\u0131nda kamu hizmeti alan\u0131na ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen be\u015f y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fan uzun bir s\u00fcreden beri kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ba\u015fvurucuya herhangi bir tazminat da \u00f6denmedi\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu ilkelerden ayr\u0131lmay\u0131 gerektirir bir durumun s\u00f6z konusu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucunun m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahale \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
49. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verilmesi gerekir.” gerek\u00e7elerine yer verilmi\u015ftir.
\nYukar\u0131da yer verilen kurallar\u0131n ve Anayasa Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131n\u0131n birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmesinden, 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Kanununa g\u00f6re k\u0131smen veya tamamen \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyete ge\u00e7mi\u015f olan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ve koruma alanlar\u0131n\u0131n Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n haz\u0131rlayaca\u011f\u0131 bir program dahilinde kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, uygulama imar plan\u0131na g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanacak projelerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi amac\u0131yla kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, ayr\u0131ca bu stat\u00fcde bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan yararlanmak hususunda yasal s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar yan\u0131nda belli ko\u015fullar dahilinde kullan\u0131ma izin verildi\u011fi, sit alan\u0131 ilan edilen ve koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131nda kesin in\u015faat yasa\u011f\u0131 getirilen ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar i\u00e7in takas talebinde bulunulabilece\u011fi, takas i\u015flemine ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar\u0131n y\u00f6netmelikte d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi, takas talebinin kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n sit alan\u0131nda olmas\u0131 ve 1\/1000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131nda kesin in\u015faat yasa\u011f\u0131 bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n gerekti\u011fi, kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc gere\u011fi plan yapmaya yetkili idarelere sit alan\u0131 ilan\u0131ndan itibaren belirli bir s\u00fcrede koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131n\u0131 yapma zorunlulu\u011fu getirildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.
\nDi\u011fer taraftan; Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesinde yer alan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlardan imar plan\u0131nda kamu alan\u0131na ayr\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar ile birlikte 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun ge\u00e7ici 4. maddesine g\u00f6re Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i k\u0131y\u0131, sahil \u015feridi ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm b\u00f6lgelerinde 22\/7\/1983 tasdik tarihli 1\/5000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli naz\u0131m ve 1\/1000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli imar uygulama planlar\u0131 ile konut kullan\u0131m\u0131na ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ancak yap\u0131 yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olan yerde bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n ye\u015fil alan stat\u00fcs\u00fc uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek \u0130stanbul Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve tarihi de\u011ferlerini ve do\u011fa g\u00fczelliklerini kamu yarar\u0131 g\u00f6zetilerek korumak ve geli\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanunu uyar\u0131nca haz\u0131rlanan 22.07.1983 onayl\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Sahil \u015eeridi ve \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesi Uygulama \u0130mar plan\u0131nda ”konut alan\u0131” olarak ayr\u0131lan dava konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaza, \u00fczerinde yap\u0131 olmamas\u0131 sebebiyle, 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanunu Ge\u00e7ici 4. maddesi uyar\u0131nca ”ye\u015fil alan” stat\u00fcs\u00fc uygulanmakta olup, ayn\u0131 zamanda Gayrimenkul Eski Eserler ve An\u0131tlar Y\u00fcksek Kurulunun 14.12.1974 tarihli, 8172 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131yla do\u011fal sit stat\u00fcs\u00fcndedirler. \u00d6te yandan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlardaki m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 do\u011fal sit alan\u0131 olmalar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6zel bir kanun ile kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131yla k\u0131s\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Gelinen a\u015famada, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmazda m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi ve tazminat \u00f6denip \u00f6denmeyece\u011fi hususunun tespiti i\u00e7in m\u00fcdahalenin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve adil dengeyi bozup bozmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmesinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Sahil \u015eeridi ve \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesi Uygulama \u0130mar plan\u0131nda ”konut alan\u0131” olarak ayr\u0131lan dava konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaza, 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanunu Ge\u00e7ici 4. maddesi uyar\u0131nca ”ye\u015fil alan” stat\u00fcs\u00fc uygulanan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz i\u00e7in 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 kanuna g\u00f6re \u00f6ncelikle takas yolunun kullan\u0131larak ta\u015f\u0131nmazdaki k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi yoluna ba\u015fvuruldu\u011funda, takas yolunun uygulanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin yukar\u0131da an\u0131lan Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131, Do\u011fal Sit Alanlar\u0131 ve \u00d6zel \u00c7evre Koruma B\u00f6lgelerinde Kalan Yap\u0131 Yasakl\u0131 Ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n Hazine Ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131 \u0130le De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi Hakk\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin 4. maddesinin k f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re takas imkan\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu durumda ta\u015f\u0131nmazdaki k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi i\u00e7in kamula\u015ft\u0131rmadan ba\u015fka bir yol bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6zel kanun olan 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanununda ilgili idarenin gelirleri belirlenmi\u015f olup an\u0131lan Kanunun 16. maddesinin b f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince Belediyeler ve il \u00f6zel idareleri ortak fonlar\u0131ndan her y\u0131l Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lan pay\u0131n \u0130ller Bankas\u0131 Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnce Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemlerine tahsis edilece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bu durumda gerek mevcut imar plan\u0131, gerekse kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc nedeniyle stat\u00fcleri gere\u011fince yap\u0131la\u015fabilmesine olanak bulunmayan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na engel bir hususun olmamas\u0131, kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in gerekli olan \u00f6dene\u011fin nereden sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel kanun olan 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanununda d\u00fczenlenmesi, 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen takas yoluna da ba\u015fvurunun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ve Anayasa Mahkemesinin yukar\u0131da an\u0131lan 9.06.2021 tarihli, Ba\u015fvuru No:2017\/15318 say\u0131l\u0131 Mehmet Umut Akarca karar\u0131nda da m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik a\u00e7\u0131k bir ihlal bulundu\u011funa karar verildi\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlanan dava konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc bir m\u00fcdahalenin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, adil dengenin davac\u0131lar aleyhine bozulmas\u0131 nedeniyle tazminat \u00f6denecek ise de;<\/p>\n
Tazminat belirlenirken, aralar\u0131nda gayrimenkul de\u011ferleme uzman\u0131n\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu bir bilirki\u015fi kurulunca yerinde ke\u015fif ve bilirki\u015fi incelemesi yap\u0131larak, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n dava tarihindeki cins ve nevi, y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc, k\u0131ymetini etkileyecek b\u00fct\u00fcn nitelik ve unsurlar\u0131, her unsurun ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 de\u011feri, varsa vergi beyan\u0131, varsa resmi makamlarca yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f k\u0131ymet takdirleri, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n mevkii ve \u015fartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re ve oldu\u011fu gibi kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde getirece\u011fi net geliri, \u00f6zel amac\u0131 olmayan emsal (uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa konu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n \u00e7evresinin imar plan\u0131ndaki kullan\u0131m bi\u00e7imi, yap\u0131la\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve konumlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan benzer \u00f6zellikleri olan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar aras\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilmeli, davaya konu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz kadastro parseli ise; emsal al\u0131nacak ta\u015f\u0131nmaz da kadastro parseli olmal\u0131 ya da emsal parsel imar parseli ise, emsal ta\u015f\u0131nmazda kesilen d\u00fczenleme ortakl\u0131k pay\u0131 oran\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde davaya konu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz bedeli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclerek ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n ger\u00e7ek bedeli belirlenmeli) sat\u0131\u015flara g\u00f6re sat\u0131\u015f de\u011feri, bedele etki eden t\u00fcm kanuni veriler, imar verileri, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcn nitelik ve kullan\u0131m \u015fekli, de\u011feri etkileyen hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri, gayrimenkul \u00fczerinde ayni ve \u015fahsi irtifak haklar\u0131 ve gayrimenkul m\u00fckellefiyetleri vb. bedelin tespitinde etkili olacak di\u011fer objektif \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerin belirlenmesi suretiyle ta\u015f\u0131nmaz bedeli tespit edilerek karar verilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta kamula\u015ft\u0131rmadan sorumlu idarenin tespiti y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda;<\/p>\n
Bak\u0131lan davada, 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun \u00f6zel bir kanun oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, \u0130stanbul Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i alan\u0131na ili\u015fkin yap\u0131la\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 dahi belirleyen d\u00fczenlemeler i\u00e7erdi\u011fi ve 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanuna g\u00f6re \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesindeki planlar\u0131n, \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediyesince haz\u0131rlanarak Belediye Meclisinin karar\u0131 ve Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n onay\u0131ndan sonra “Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u0130mar Y\u00fcksek Koordinasyon Kurulu” onay\u0131 ile, geri g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm ve etkilenme b\u00f6lgesindeki planlar\u0131n ise; Belediye Kanunu uyar\u0131nca yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 hususu Kanunda a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlendi\u011fine g\u00f6re, dava konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n da i\u00e7erisinde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu alanda plan yapma yetkisinin m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran yerel y\u00f6netime verildi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, tarihi ve do\u011fal g\u00fczelliklerine hasren \u00f6zel bir kanuna konu olan, b\u00fcnyesinde do\u011fal sit alanlar\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7eren Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i alan\u0131nda belediye taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak plan yapma yetkisi bulunan \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediye Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u0130mar M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc an\u0131lan plan\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin i\u015flem olan kamula\u015ft\u0131rmadan sorumlu idareler oldu\u011fu da tabidir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan, davaya konu ta\u015f\u0131nmaza ili\u015fkin g\u00fcncel m\u00fclkiyet durumu ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmekle birlikte, mahkemece h\u00fckmedildi\u011fi \u00fczere hukuki el atma nedeniyle a\u00e7\u0131lan tam yarg\u0131 davalar\u0131, adli yarg\u0131daki fiili el atma nedeniyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davalardan farkl\u0131 olarak, 3194 ve 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunlar kapsam\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan davalar oldu\u011fundan, h\u00fckmedilecek faizin; dava a\u00e7ma tarihi itibariyle talep edilen miktar i\u00e7in, dava tarihinden ge\u00e7erli olmak \u00fczere, \u0131slah edilen k\u0131s\u0131m i\u00e7in \u0131slah tarihi itibar\u0131yla hesaplanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
Bu itibarla, temyize konu B\u00f6lge \u0130dare Mahkemesi \u0130dari Dava Dairesi karar\u0131nda hukuki isabet bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
KARAR SONUCU:<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle;<\/p>\n
1. 2577 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 49. maddesine uygun bulunan davac\u0131lar\u0131n temyiz isteminin kabul\u00fcne,<\/p>\n
2. Davan\u0131n esas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda karar verilmesine yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin Mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve davan\u0131n reddi yolundaki temyize konu \u2026 B\u00f6lge \u0130dare Mahkemesi \u2026 \u0130dari Dava Dairesinin \u2026 tarih ve E:\u2026, K:\u2026 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n BOZULMASINA,<\/p>\n
3. Yeniden bir karar verilmek \u00fczere dosyan\u0131n an\u0131lan B\u00f6lge \u0130dare Mahkemesi \u0130dari Dava Dairesine g\u00f6nderilmesine, 09\/03\/2022 tarihinde, kesin olarak, oy\u00e7oklu\u011fuyla karar verildi.<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eI OY (X) :<\/p>\n
2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanunu\u2019nun 5. maddesinin ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131nda; \u201cBo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131nda orman say\u0131lmayan kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131na veya \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyete ait koru, koruya kat\u0131lacak alan, \u00e7ay\u0131r, mesire yeri, bostan ve benzeri alanlar ye\u015fil alan say\u0131l\u0131r ve bitki varl\u0131klar\u0131 geli\u015ftirilerek muhafaza edilir.<\/p>\n
…Ye\u015fil alan say\u0131lan yerlerde mahalli mahsullerin yeti\u015ftirilmesine devam edilir\u201d denilerek;<\/p>\n
Ayn\u0131 Kanunun (M\u00fclga: 9\/5\/1984 – 3004\/2 md.) Gelirler ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 15. maddesinin b bendinde; ”2 \u015eubat 1981 tarih ve 2380 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanuna g\u00f6re genel b\u00fct\u00e7e vergi gelirlerinden belediyelere ve il \u00f6zel idarelerine verilen paydan \u0130ller Bankas\u0131’ndaki belediyeler ve il \u00f6zel idareleri ortak fonlar\u0131na aktar\u0131lan paylar\u0131n y\u00fczde 10 oran\u0131ndan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olmayacak \u015fekilde Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u0130mar Y\u00fcksek Koordinasyon Kurulu’nca kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak nispette ayr\u0131lacak miktar…” Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u0130mar M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn gelirleri aras\u0131nda say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, 16. maddesinin b bendinde; ”…Belediyeler ve il \u00f6zel idareleri ortak fonlar\u0131ndan her y\u0131l Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lan pay, \u0130ller Bankas\u0131 Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnce Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemlerine ve alt yap\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na tahsis edilir. Bu pay\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin esas ve usuller \u0130mar ve \u0130skan Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca haz\u0131rlanacak y\u00f6netmelikte belirtilir.” denilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Yine ayn\u0131 Kanunun ge\u00e7ici 4. maddesinde \u201cBo\u011fazi\u00e7i k\u0131y\u0131, sahil \u015feridi ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm b\u00f6lgelerinde 22\/7\/1983 tasdik tarihli 1\/5000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli naz\u0131m ve 1\/1000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli imar uygulama planlar\u0131 ile konut kullan\u0131m\u0131na ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ancak yap\u0131 yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olan yerlerde ye\u015fil alan stat\u00fcs\u00fc uygulan\u0131r.\u201d denilmektedir.<\/p>\n
22. 21\/7\/1983 tarihli ve 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Kanunu’nun 15. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (f) bendinde \u201cSit alan\u0131 ilan edilen ve 1\/1000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli onanl\u0131 koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131nda kesin in\u015faat yasa\u011f\u0131 getirilen korunmas\u0131 gerekli ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu parseller, (\u2026) ba\u015fka Hazine arsa veya arazileri ile m\u00fcstakil veya hisseli olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir. Sit alan\u0131 ilan edildi\u011fi tapu k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u015ferh edilen ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131, miras ve \u00f6l\u00fcme ba\u011fl\u0131 tasarruflar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, sonradan edinenlerin talepleri de\u011ferlendirilmez. Ancak, Bakanl\u0131k izniyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen kaz\u0131lar\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlarda bulunan parsellerde, maliklerin ba\u015fvurusu ve kabul\u00fcne ili\u015fkin ko\u015ful parsele y\u00f6nelik uygulan\u0131r ve 1\/1000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli onanl\u0131 koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131 \u015fart\u0131 aranmaz. Bu parsellerin \u00fczerinde bina veya tesis varsa malikinin ba\u015fvurusu \u00fczerine rayi\u00e7 bedeli, 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 11 inci maddesi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re belirlenerek \u00f6denir. Bu bentle ilgili usul ve esaslar Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n uygun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc al\u0131narak Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan y\u00f6netmelikle belirlenir.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesinde yer alan ta\u015f\u0131nmazla ilgili yap\u0131lan bireysel ba\u015fvuruya ili\u015fkin Anayasa Mahkemesinin 14\/10\/2020 tarihli, Ba\u015fvuru No: 2017\/25596 say\u0131l\u0131 Ayla Do\u011fuo\u011flu karar\u0131nda;<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucuya ait ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n 22\/7\/1983 tasdik tarihli ve 1\/1000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Sahil \u015eeridi ve \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesi uygulama imar plan\u0131nda konut alan\u0131 olarak ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerinde herhangi bir yap\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan 22\/11\/2016 tarihinde davan\u0131n reddine karar verildi\u011fi, karar\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde; 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesi’nde bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlara getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n \u0130stanbul Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i alan\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve tarih\u00ee de\u011ferlerini, do\u011fal g\u00fczelliklerini korumak ve geli\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu imar plan\u0131n\u0131n 13\/6\/2011 onanl\u0131 say\u0131salla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcncelle\u015ftirilmi\u015f paftalar\u0131nda koruya kat\u0131lacak alanda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, ye\u015fil alanda kalan parsellerde korunmas\u0131 gerekli k\u00fclt\u00fcr varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir yap\u0131 yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ifade edildi\u011fi, ancak ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n imar planlar\u0131nda umumi hizmetlere ayr\u0131lmak suretiyle tasarrufunun k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahsedilemeyece\u011fi, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesi’nde kalmas\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirtildi\u011fi;<\/p>\n
Anayasa Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan Dan\u0131\u015ftay Alt\u0131nc\u0131 Dairesinin 26\/10\/2017 tarihli ve E:2017\/4323, K:2017\/8356 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131ndan da bahsedilerek, somut olayda m\u00fcdahalenin ula\u015f\u0131labilir, belirli ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir nitelikte olan 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, imar plan\u0131nda konut alan\u0131na ayr\u0131lan ancak Kanun’un belirtilen amac\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde imar durumu ye\u015fil alan olarak kabul edilen ta\u015f\u0131nmaza y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahalenin kamu yarar\u0131na dayal\u0131 me\u015fru bir amac\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funun kabul edilmesinin gerekti\u011fi, imar plan\u0131nda konut alan\u0131na ayr\u0131lan ba\u015fvuruya konu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un ge\u00e7ici 4. maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fc gere\u011fince ye\u015fil alan stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde kabul edildi\u011fi, somut ba\u015fvuruda ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n kamu hizmetine ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunun s\u00f6z konusu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak \u00fczerinde yap\u0131 yap\u0131lmayan bu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n imar durumunun 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un ge\u00e7ici 4. maddesi gere\u011fi ye\u015fil alan stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde kabul edildi\u011fi, imar plan\u0131nda kamu hizmetine ayr\u0131lmayan ba\u015fvuruya konu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n idari makamlar taraf\u0131ndan bir zorunluluk olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Dan\u0131\u015ftay i\u00e7tihad\u0131nda da de\u011finildi\u011fi \u00fczere 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 15. maddesinde, korunmas\u0131 gerekli ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca haz\u0131rlanacak programlara uygun olarak kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 esas\u0131n\u0131n getirildi\u011fi, an\u0131lan kanun maddesinin (f) bendinde, sit alan\u0131nda bulunan, ger\u00e7ek veya t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin m\u00fclkiyetine ge\u00e7mi\u015f olan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar i\u00e7in kamula\u015ft\u0131rma esas\u0131 benimsenmeyip takas imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n getirildi\u011finin g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, konumu gere\u011fi k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 olan ve \u00fczerinde kesin yap\u0131la\u015fma yasa\u011f\u0131 bulunan bu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz y\u00f6n\u00fcnden 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un maliklere tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 takas imk\u00e2n\u0131n etkili bir giderim sa\u011flamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6ylenemeyece\u011fi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucunun kamu hizmetine ayr\u0131lmay\u0131p imar durumu ye\u015fil alan olarak kabul edilen ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 i\u015flemi ile ilgili olarak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yet bak\u0131m\u0131ndan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik a\u00e7\u0131k bir ihlalin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yine Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesinde yer alan ba\u015fka bir ta\u015f\u0131nmazla ilgili yap\u0131lan bireysel ba\u015fvuruya ili\u015fkin Anayasa Mahkemesinin 09\/06\/2021 tarihli, Ba\u015fvuru No: 2017\/15318 say\u0131l\u0131 Mehmet Umut Akarca karar\u0131 incelendi\u011finde ise;<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucunun hisse sahibi oldu\u011fu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n 22\/7\/1983 tasdik tarihli ve 1\/1000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Sahil \u015eeridi ve \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesi uygulama imar plan\u0131nda park alan\u0131, 24\/2\/1984 tarihli 1\/5000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Do\u011fal ve Tarihi Sit De\u011ferlerini \u0130\u00e7eren N\u00e2z\u0131m \u0130mar Plan\u0131’nda ye\u015fil alan olarak ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerinde herhangi bir yap\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan 12\/10\/2016 tarihinde davan\u0131n reddine karar verildi\u011fi, karar\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde; ba\u015fvuru konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n 24\/2\/1984 tarihli 1\/5000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Do\u011fal ve Tarihi Sit De\u011ferlerini \u0130\u00e7eren N\u00e2z\u0131m \u0130mar Plan\u0131’nda ye\u015fil alan olarak ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bununla birlikte Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u0130mar Y\u00fcksek Koordinasyon Kurulunun 13\/6\/2011 tarihli karar\u0131 ile onanan ve 4\/1\/2013 tarih karar\u0131 ile de tadili yap\u0131lan Plan Lejant\u0131 ve Plan h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin 5.1. maddesi gere\u011fi; Gezi Alanlar\u0131, Park, \u00c7ocuk Bah\u00e7esi, G\u00f6rsel Nedenlerle A\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131larak Korunacak Alanlar ve Manzara Teraslar\u0131na Ayr\u0131lan olarak belirtildi\u011fi, ta\u015f\u0131nmaza korunmas\u0131 gerekli k\u00fclt\u00fcr varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 uygulama d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yap\u0131 yapma yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n konuldu\u011funun beyan edildi\u011fi, \u00f6te yandan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgenin \u0130stanbul Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131 Gayrimenkul Eski Eserler ve An\u0131tlar Y\u00fcksek Kurulunun 14\/12\/1974 tarihli karar ile do\u011fal sit alan\u0131 ilan edildi\u011fi, sonu\u00e7 olarak 18\/11\/1983 tarihli ve 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanunu ile Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesi’nde bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlara getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n \u0130stanbul Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i alan\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve tarih\u00ee de\u011ferlerini, do\u011fal g\u00fczelliklerini korumak ve geli\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n imar planlar\u0131nda umumi hizmetlere ayr\u0131lmak suretiyle tasarrufunun k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahsedilemeyece\u011fi, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesi’nde kalmas\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirtildi\u011fi;<\/p>\n
Anayasa Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan Dan\u0131\u015ftay Alt\u0131nc\u0131 Dairesinin 28\/12\/2020 tarihli ve E:2016\/11961, K:2020\/13828 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131ndan da bahsedilerek, konu ile ilgili \u00f6nceki Dan\u0131\u015ftay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda; kamula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131z el atma davalar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00fczerinde yap\u0131la\u015fma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n sonradan kamu hizmetine ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucunda ta\u015f\u0131nmazda meydana gelen hukuki k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar nedeniyle a\u00e7\u0131labilece\u011finin a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131, buna kar\u015f\u0131n bulundu\u011fu alan ve b\u00f6lge gere\u011fi do\u011fal olarak k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131k h\u00e2lini b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131ran ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un uygulanamayaca\u011f\u0131, 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’daki \u015fartlar sa\u011flanarak trampa talebinde bulunulabilece\u011fi, bu talebin de somut olaya g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilece\u011finin ifade edildi\u011fi, idarelerin sit alanlar\u0131nda kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yapma zorunluluklar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu stat\u00fcde bulanan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlara Hazine ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131yla trampa imk\u00e2n\u0131 sunulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131 bulunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in idarelere sit alan\u0131 ilan\u0131ndan itibaren belirli bir yasal s\u00fcrenin tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131nmazlardaki k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’dan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131, kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlu bir stat\u00fcde bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n dile getirildi\u011fi ve kamula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131z el atma nedeniyle olu\u015fan bir zarardan s\u00f6z edilemeyece\u011finin ifade edildi\u011fi, ancak Dan\u0131\u015ftay’\u0131n yak\u0131n tarihli son i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmelik’in 4. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (k) bendi gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6sterilerek Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Sahil \u015eeridi ve \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesi Uygulama \u0130mar Plan\u0131nda park-\u00e7ocuk bah\u00e7esi, oyun ve a\u00e7\u0131k spor alanlar\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlenecek alan kapsam\u0131nda kalan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar i\u00e7in takas imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla uygulama imar plan\u0131nda park alan\u0131, naz\u0131m imar plan\u0131nda ye\u015fil alan olarak kabul edilen ba\u015fvuru konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n Y\u00f6netmelik’in 4. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (k) bendinde ifade edili\u015f \u015fekliyle ye\u015fil sahaya rastlayan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz kapsam\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yak\u0131n tarihli Dan\u0131\u015ftay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda takas imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilerek m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlaline ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmi\u015ftir.
\nEsas y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ise, somut olayda \u0130stanbul Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131 Gayrimenkul Eski Eserler ve An\u0131tlar Y\u00fcksek Kurulunun 14\/12\/1974 tarihli karar\u0131 ile do\u011fal sit alan\u0131 stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n, 22\/7\/1983 tarihli uygulama imar plan\u0131nda park alan\u0131, 24\/2\/1984 tarihli n\u00e2z\u0131m imar plan\u0131nda ye\u015fil alan olarak ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, benzer nitelikteki ta\u015f\u0131nmazlara ili\u015fkin yak\u0131n tarihli Dan\u0131\u015ftay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’a g\u00f6re k\u0131smen veya tamamen \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyete ge\u00e7mi\u015f olan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ve koruma alanlar\u0131n\u0131n bir program d\u00e2hilinde, uygulama imar plan\u0131na g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanacak projelerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi amac\u0131yla kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ifade edildi\u011fi, buna g\u00f6re ba\u015fvurucunun do\u011fal sit alan\u0131 olmalar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda imar durumundaki bu k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar ve kesin yap\u0131la\u015fma yasa\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n\u0131 diledi\u011fi gibi kullanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131ndan tasarruf edemedi\u011fi de a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fu, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla takas imk\u00e2n\u0131 da bulunmayan ba\u015fvuru konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Anayasa’n\u0131n 13., 35. ve 46. maddelerindeki di\u011fer g\u00fcvencelere de uygun olarak ve makul bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle m\u00fcdahalenin ihlal olu\u015fturmayaca\u011f\u0131, somut ba\u015fvuruda da ba\u015fvurucuya ait ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n 22\/7\/1983 tarihli uygulama imar plan\u0131nda kamu hizmeti alan\u0131na ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen be\u015f y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fan uzun bir s\u00fcreden beri kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ba\u015fvurucuya herhangi bir tazminat da \u00f6denmedi\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu ilkelerden ayr\u0131lmay\u0131 gerektirir bir durumun s\u00f6z konusu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucunun m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Anayasa Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131nda al\u0131nt\u0131 ve at\u0131f yap\u0131lan Dan\u0131\u015ftay 6. Dairesi’nin 26\/10\/2017 g\u00fcn ve E:2017\/4323, K:2017\/8356 say\u0131l\u0131 ve 12\/12\/2017 g\u00fcn ve E:2017\/3161, K:2017\/10690 say\u0131l\u0131 karar gerek\u00e7elerinde;<\/p>\n
“…\u00d6ncelikle, korunmas\u0131 gerekli ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131 ile bunlar\u0131n korunma alanlar\u0131, sit alanlar\u0131ndan farkl\u0131l\u0131k arz etmektedir. Korunmas\u0131 gerekli ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rnekleri 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un ilgili maddesinde ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 say\u0131larak (\u00f6rne\u011fin, kaya mezarl\u0131klar\u0131, h\u00f6y\u00fckler, t\u00fcm\u00fcl\u00fcsler) somutla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ancak sit alanlar\u0131 koruma stat\u00fc ve dereceleri farkl\u0131l\u0131k arz etmekle birlikte haz\u0131rlanacak bilimsel raporlar do\u011frultusunda tarihi, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel veya tabiat g\u00fczelliklerinin alan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnselli\u011fiyle beraber koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan\u0131 ifade etmektedir. Bu ayr\u0131m\u0131n bir sonucu olarak ger\u00e7ek veya t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin m\u00fclkiyetine ge\u00e7mi\u015f olan korunmas\u0131 gerekli ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in Kanun’un 15. maddesinin a f\u0131kras\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n program dahilinde kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 esas\u0131 getirilmi\u015f, ancak sit alan\u0131nda bulunan ve ger\u00e7ek veya t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin m\u00fclkiyetine ge\u00e7mi\u015f olan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar i\u00e7in kamula\u015ft\u0131rma esas\u0131 benimsenmemi\u015f, bunun yerine ayn\u0131 maddenin (f) bendinde takas imkan\u0131 getirilmi\u015ftir…”<\/p>\n
”…Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta, davaya konu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz i\u00e7in yap\u0131la\u015fma izni verilmesinin yasal olarak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, zira ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n ba\u015ftan beri Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesinde olmas\u0131 ve do\u011fal sit alan\u0131nda kalmas\u0131 nedeniyle zaten konumu gere\u011fi k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 bir ta\u015f\u0131nmaz oldu\u011fu, kamula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131z el atma davalar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00fczerinde yap\u0131la\u015fma imkan\u0131 bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n sonradan kamu hizmetine ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucunda ta\u015f\u0131nmazda meydana gelen hukuki k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar nedeniyle a\u00e7\u0131labilece\u011fi, buna kar\u015f\u0131n, bulundu\u011fu alan veya b\u00f6lge gere\u011fi do\u011fal olarak k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131k halini b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131ran ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma Kanununun uygulanamayaca\u011f\u0131, yukar\u0131da yer verilen 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun ilgili \u015fartlar\u0131 sa\u011flanarak ‘takas’ talebinde bulunulabilecek olup bu talebin de somut olaya g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilece\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu durumda, idarelerin sit alanlar\u0131nda kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yapma zorunlulu\u011funun bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak bu stat\u00fcde bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar i\u00e7in hazine ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131yla takas imkan\u0131n\u0131n sunulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131 bulunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in idarelere sit ilan\u0131ndan bu yana belli bir yasal s\u00fcre tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, esasen uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa konu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanundan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlu bir stat\u00fcde bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu nedenle kamula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131z el atma nedeniyle olu\u015fan bir zarardan da bahsedilemeyece\u011finden davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmesi gerekmekte iken dava hakk\u0131nda karar verilmesine yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin kararda isabet bulunmamaktad\u0131r….” denilerek davalar\u0131n reddi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde karar verilirken;<\/p>\n
28\/12\/2020 g\u00fcn ve E:2016\/11961, K:2020\/13828 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda ise,<\/p>\n
”…Yukar\u0131da yer verilen kurallar\u0131n ve Anayasa Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131n\u0131n birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmesinden, 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Kanununa g\u00f6re k\u0131smen veya tamamen \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyete ge\u00e7mi\u015f olan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ve koruma alanlar\u0131n\u0131n Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n haz\u0131rlayaca\u011f\u0131 bir program dahilinde kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, uygulama imar plan\u0131na g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanacak projelerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi amac\u0131yla kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, ayr\u0131ca bu stat\u00fcde bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan yararlanmak hususunda yasal s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar yan\u0131nda belli ko\u015fullar dahilinde kullan\u0131ma izin verildi\u011fi, sit alan\u0131 ilan edilen ve koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131nda kesin in\u015faat yasa\u011f\u0131 getirilen ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar i\u00e7in takas talebinde bulunulabilece\u011fi, takas i\u015flemine ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar\u0131n y\u00f6netmelikte d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi, takas talebinin kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n sit alan\u0131nda olmas\u0131 ve 1\/1000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131nda kesin in\u015faat yasa\u011f\u0131 bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n gerekti\u011fi, kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc gere\u011fi plan yapmaya yetkili idarelere sit alan\u0131 ilan\u0131ndan itibaren belirli bir s\u00fcrede koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131n\u0131 yapma zorunlulu\u011fu getirildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer taraftan Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesinde yer alan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlardan imar plan\u0131nda kamu alan\u0131na ayr\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar ile birlikte 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun ge\u00e7ici 4. maddesine g\u00f6re Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i k\u0131y\u0131, sahil \u015feridi ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm b\u00f6lgelerinde 22\/7\/1983 tasdik tarihli 1\/5000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli naz\u0131m ve 1\/1000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli imar uygulama planlar\u0131 ile konut kullan\u0131m\u0131na ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ancak yap\u0131 yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olan yerde bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n ye\u015fil alan stat\u00fcs\u00fc uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek \u0130stanbul Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve tarihi de\u011ferlerini ve do\u011fa g\u00fczelliklerini kamu yarar\u0131 g\u00f6zetilerek korumak ve geli\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanunu uyar\u0131nca haz\u0131rlanan 22.07.1983 onayl\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Sahil \u015eeridi ve \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesi Uygulama \u0130mar plan\u0131nda ‘park- \u00e7ocuk bah\u00e7esi, oyun ve a\u00e7\u0131k spor alanlar\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlenecek alan’ olarak ayr\u0131lan dava konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar ayn\u0131 zamanda Gayrimenkul Eski Eserler ve An\u0131tlar Y\u00fcksek Kurulunun \u2026 tarihli, \u2026 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131yla do\u011fal sit stat\u00fcs\u00fcndedirler. \u00d6te yandan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlardaki m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 do\u011fal sit alan\u0131 olmalar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6zel bir kanun ile kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131yla k\u0131s\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
… Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Sahil \u015eeridi ve \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesi Uygulama \u0130mar plan\u0131nda ‘park – \u00e7ocuk bah\u00e7esi, oyun ve a\u00e7\u0131k spor alanlar\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlenecek alan’ kullan\u0131m\u0131nda kalan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar i\u00e7in 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 kanuna g\u00f6re \u00f6ncelikle takas yolunun kullan\u0131larak ta\u015f\u0131nmazdaki k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi yoluna ba\u015fvuruldu\u011funda, takas yolunun uygulanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin yukar\u0131da an\u0131lan Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131, Do\u011fal Sit Alanlar\u0131 Ve \u00d6zel \u00c7evre Koruma B\u00f6lgelerinde Kalan Yap\u0131 Yasakl\u0131 Ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n Hazine Ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131 \u0130le De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi Hakk\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin 4. maddesinin k f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re takas imkan\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu durumda ta\u015f\u0131nmazdaki k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi i\u00e7in kamula\u015ft\u0131rmadan ba\u015fka bir yol bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6zel kanun olan 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanununda ilgili idarenin gelirleri belirlenmi\u015f olup an\u0131lan Kanunun 16. Maddesinin b f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince Belediyeler ve il \u00f6zel idareleri ortak fonlar\u0131ndan her y\u0131l Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lan pay\u0131n \u0130ller Bankas\u0131 Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnce Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemlerine tahsis edilece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bu durumda gerek mevcut imar plan\u0131, gerekse kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc nedeniyle stat\u00fcleri gere\u011fince yap\u0131la\u015fabilmesine olanak bulunmayan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na engel bir hususun olmamas\u0131, kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in gerekli olan \u00f6dene\u011fin nereden sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel kanun olan 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanununda d\u00fczenlenmesi, 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen takas yoluna da ba\u015fvurunun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ve Anayasa Mahkemesinin yukar\u0131da an\u0131lan 14.10.2020 tarihli, Ba\u015fvuru No: 2017\/25596 say\u0131l\u0131 Ayla Do\u011fuo\u011flu karar\u0131nda da takas ba\u015fvurusu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedenle mevcut a\u015fama itibariyle de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131larak m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik a\u00e7\u0131k bir ihlal bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verildi\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlanan dava konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc bir m\u00fcdahalenin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, adil dengenin davac\u0131lar aleyhine bozulmas\u0131 nedeniyle tazminat \u00f6denmesi gerekti\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.” gerek\u00e7esi ile tazminata h\u00fckmedilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6nceki karar\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe gidilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Anayasa Mahkemesinin, 09\/06\/2021 tarihli karar\u0131nda yer verilen Dan\u0131\u015ftay 6. Dairesi’nin 28\/12\/2020 tarihli ve E:2016\/11961, K:2020\/13828 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde yer alan hususlar irdelendi\u011finde, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na engel bir durumun bulunmamas\u0131n\u0131n ilgili idareler y\u00f6n\u00fcnden kamula\u015ft\u0131rma zorunlulu\u011funu do\u011furmayaca\u011f\u0131, ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanununun 16. maddesinde belirtilen kayna\u011f\u0131n, k\u0131s\u0131tlamadan kaynakl\u0131 kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemlerine hasredilmi\u015f bir \u00f6denek niteli\u011finde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir ba\u015fka ifade ile, s\u00f6z konusu h\u00fck\u00fcmde belirtilen kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemleri, k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131ktan kaynaklanan zararlar\u0131n tazminine ili\u015fkin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, ilgili idareleri kamula\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fc alt\u0131na sokmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, takas yoluna ba\u015fvurunun da ancak Kanundaki \u015fartlar\u0131n mevcut olmas\u0131 halinde m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu, yasal \u015fartlar\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131 halinde ise bahse konu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, belirtilen gerek\u00e7elerin tazminata h\u00fckmedilmesi i\u00e7in yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile Dan\u0131\u015ftay 6. Dairesi’nin \u00f6nceki i\u00e7tihad\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli maddi ve hukuki sebeplerde bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca; 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanununun 16. maddesinin b bendinde belirtilen Belediyeler ve il \u00f6zel idareleri ortak fonlar\u0131ndan her y\u0131l Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131 i\u00e7in tahsis edilecek pay, s\u00f6z konusu pay\u0131n ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemenin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanununun ”Gelirler” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 15. maddesinin b bendi 09.05.1984 tarih ve 3004 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, g\u00fcncel durumda, Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak kamula\u015ft\u0131rmalar i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lan pay\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 sebebiyle, 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanununun 16. maddesinin b bendinin de, k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131ktan kaynakl\u0131 kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden uygulanabilirli\u011fi kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kanunun 15. maddesinin di\u011fer bentlerinde farkl\u0131 gelir kalemleri mevcut ise de, Kanun metninde s\u00f6z konusu kalemlerin kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemlerinde kullan\u0131labilece\u011fine dair herhangi bir d\u00fczenleme bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Anayasa Mahkemesinin 09\/06\/2021 tarihli ihlal karar\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde, ”44. Benzer nitelikteki ta\u015f\u0131nmazlara ili\u015fkin yak\u0131n tarihli Dan\u0131\u015ftay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’a g\u00f6re k\u0131smen veya tamamen \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyete ge\u00e7mi\u015f olan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ve koruma alanlar\u0131n\u0131n bir program d\u00e2hilinde, uygulama imar plan\u0131na g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanacak projelerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi amac\u0131yla kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmi\u015ftir. 45. Buna g\u00f6re ba\u015fvurucunun do\u011fal sit alan\u0131 olmalar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda imar durumundaki bu k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar ve kesin yap\u0131la\u015fma yasa\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n\u0131 diledi\u011fi gibi kullanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131ndan tasarruf edemedi\u011fi de a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla takas imk\u00e2n\u0131 da bulunmayan ba\u015fvuru konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Anayasa’n\u0131n 13., 35. ve 46. maddelerindeki di\u011fer g\u00fcvencelere de uygun olarak ve makul bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle m\u00fcdahalenin ihlal olu\u015fturmayaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. 48. Somut ba\u015fvuruda da ba\u015fvurucuya ait ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n 22\/7\/1983 tarihli uygulama imar plan\u0131nda kamu hizmeti alan\u0131na ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen be\u015f y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fan uzun bir s\u00fcreden beri kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ba\u015fvurucuya herhangi bir tazminat da \u00f6denmedi\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu ilkelerden ayr\u0131lmay\u0131 gerektirir bir durumun s\u00f6z konusu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucunun m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahale \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc de\u011fildir.” denilmi\u015f ise de, Dan\u0131\u015ftay 6. Dairesinin istikrar bulmu\u015f i\u00e7tihad\u0131na g\u00f6re, sit alanlar\u0131nda takas yolunun ancak belirli \u015fartlarda kullan\u0131labilmesi, bak\u0131lan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta ise bu imkan\u0131n mevcut olmamas\u0131 ilgili idareleri kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yapma y\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fc alt\u0131na sokmayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n sebebi esas itibariyle ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n imar plan\u0131nda kamu hizmetine ayr\u0131lmas\u0131ndan de\u011fil, 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanunu ve 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n bulundu\u011fu konumdan ve sit alan\u0131nda kalmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, ihlal karar\u0131nda ”55. Somut olayda ba\u015fvurucuya ait ta\u015f\u0131nmaz imar plan\u0131nda kamu hizmeti alan\u0131na ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00fcdahalenin temeli olan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n imar plan\u0131nda kamu hizmetine ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 idari bir i\u015flem niteli\u011findedir. Ba\u015fvurucunun m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 idari bir i\u015flem nedeniyle ihlal edilmi\u015ftir. Ancak idare aleyhine a\u00e7\u0131lan tam yarg\u0131 davas\u0131nda da ma\u011fduriyet giderilememi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ihlalin mahkeme karar\u0131ndan da kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.” denilerek, m\u00fcdahalenin temelinin, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n imar plan\u0131nda kamu hizmetine ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 olarak nitelendirilerek, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n idari bir i\u015flem nedeniyle ihlal edildi\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise de, esas itibariyle ortada imar plan\u0131ndan, dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile idari i\u015flemden kaynaklanan bir m\u00fcdahale s\u00f6z konusu olmay\u0131p, k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmleri (zira plan Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanununa dayanmaktad\u0131r) ve 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131 sonucu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesinde olmas\u0131 ve sit alan\u0131nda kalmas\u0131 nedeniyle plan de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yoluyla da s\u00f6z konusu k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, daval\u0131 idareye bu konuda izafe edilecek bir kusurunun ve tazmini gerektirir bir sorumlulu\u011fun y\u00fcklenemeyece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca, davaya konu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar bir program dahilinde, uygulama imar planlar\u0131na g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanacak projelere g\u00f6re kamu hizmet tesisi yada herhangi bir yap\u0131la\u015fmaya konu edilemeyeceklerinden, projelerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi amac\u0131yla da kamula\u015ft\u0131rma zorunlulu\u011fu bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Olayda, ta\u015f\u0131nmaza idare taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f herhangi bir fiili m\u00fcdahale de bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k, dava konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanunu’nun Ge\u00e7ici 4. maddesi uyar\u0131nca ye\u015fil alan stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde bulunmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile s\u00f6z konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n ba\u015fka bir ama\u00e7la kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131ndan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6ncelikle, idarenin tazminat davas\u0131 yoluyla kamula\u015ft\u0131rmaya zorlanabilmesi i\u00e7in ortada bir kusuru, hukuki sorumlulu\u011funun bulunmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Her ne kadar, benzer uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta, Anayasa Mahkemesi karar\u0131 ile m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlaline karar verilmi\u015f ise de, s\u00f6z konusu ihlal esas itibariyle Kanundan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ilgili idarelerin, kendi kusurundan kaynaklanan tazmin sorumlulu\u011fu, dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile kamula\u015ft\u0131rma mecburiyeti bulunmamaktad\u0131r.
\nPlan yap\u0131m\u0131nda belli b\u00f6lgelerin, Kanundan do\u011fan hukuki sebeplerle ve mevcut konumu nedeniyle imar plan\u0131nda belli kullan\u0131mlara ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu ve plan de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile farkl\u0131 kullan\u0131mlara tahsis edilerek mevcut k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi imkan\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131, an\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n tahsis amac\u0131na uygun olarak kamula\u015ft\u0131rma zorunlulu\u011funu ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, b\u00f6yle durumlarda ilgili idarelerin kamula\u015ft\u0131rma konusunda Kanundan kaynakl\u0131 bir g\u00f6revleri de bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Nitekim 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanununa g\u00f6re de Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesinde yap\u0131lan planlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda ilgili idarelerin kamula\u015ft\u0131rma g\u00f6revi ve zorunlulu\u011fu bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan; 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma Kanunu Ek 1 maddesinde ”Uygulama imar planlar\u0131nda umumi hizmetlere ve resmi kurumlara ayr\u0131lmak suretiyle m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcne dokunacak \u015fekilde tasarrufu hukuken k\u0131s\u0131tlanan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar hakk\u0131nda, uygulama imar planlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesinden itibaren be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde imar programlar\u0131 veya imar uygulamalar\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r ve b\u00fct\u00e7e imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 d\u00e2hilinde bu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar ilgili idarelerce kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r veya her h\u00e2lde m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131na engel te\u015fkil edecek k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kald\u0131racak \u015fekilde imar plan\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yap\u0131l\u0131r\/yapt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.” h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verilmi\u015f olup, ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar \u00fczerindeki k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda temel d\u00fczenleme bu \u015fekildedir. S\u00f6z konusu d\u00fczenlemede, kamula\u015ft\u0131rma suretiyle k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131lacak ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar, uygulama imar planlar\u0131nda umumi hizmetlere ve resmi kurumlara ayr\u0131lmak suretiyle tasarrufu hukuken k\u0131s\u0131tlanan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar \u015feklinde belirtilmi\u015f, bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, ilgili kanunlar\u0131n uygulamas\u0131 suretiyle tasarrufu k\u0131s\u0131tlanan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar ise kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yoluyla k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar aras\u0131nda say\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nYukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle, bak\u0131lan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta daval\u0131 idarenin kamula\u015ft\u0131rma zorunlulu\u011funun bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, davan\u0131n reddine ili\u015fkin Mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n, belirtilen gerek\u00e7enin de eklenerek onanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi oyu ile \u00e7o\u011funluk karar\u0131na kat\u0131lm\u0131yoruz.
\n—<\/p>\n
“\u0130\u00e7tihat Metni”<\/p>\n
T.C.
\nD A N I \u015e T A Y
\nALTINCI DA\u0130RE
\nEsas No : 2020\/6963
\nKarar No : 2022\/6156<\/p>\n
TEMY\u0130Z EDEN (DAVACILAR) : 1- \u2026 2- \u2026
\n3- \u2026
\n4- \u2026
\n\u2026 Miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131;
\n5- \u2026
\n6- \u2026 VEK\u0130LLER\u0130 : Av. \u2026
\nKAR\u015eI TARAF (DAVALILAR) : 1-\u2026 Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131-\u2026
\nVEK\u0130L\u0130 : Av. \u2026
\n2- \u2026 Belediye Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131
\nVEK\u0130L\u0130 : Av. \u2026
\n3- \u2026 Belediye Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 – \u2026
\nVEK\u0130L\u0130 : Av. \u2026
\n\u0130STEM\u0130N KONUSU : \u2026 \u0130dare Mahkemesinin \u2026 tarih ve E:\u2026 , K:\u2026 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n temyizen incelenerek bozulmas\u0131 istenilmektedir.<\/p>\n
YARGILAMA S\u00dcREC\u0130:<\/p>\n
Dava konusu istem: \u0130stanbul ili, Beykoz il\u00e7esi, \u2026 Mahallesi, \u2026 pafta, \u2026 ada, \u2026 say\u0131l\u0131 parselde bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n 22\/07\/1983 tarihli Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Sahil \u015eeridi ve \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesi Uygulama \u0130mar Plan\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesinde ve g\u00fcncellenmi\u015f paftalarda “Koruya Kat\u0131lacak Alan” olarak ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmayarak ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerindeki m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahisle fazlaya ili\u015fkin haklar\u0131 sakl\u0131 kalmak kayd\u0131yla ta\u015f\u0131nmaz bedeli olarak 15.000,00-TL’nin (\u0131slah edilmi\u015f haliyle 4.757.515,68-TL) dava tarihinden itibaren i\u015fletilecek yasal faiziyle birlikte \u00f6denmesine karar verilmesi istenilmi\u015ftir.
\n\u0130lk Derece Mahkemesi karar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zeti: Davan\u0131n kabul\u00fc yolundaki \u2026 \u0130dare Mahkemesinin \u2026 tarihli, E:\u2026 , K:\u2026 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n, Dan\u0131\u015ftay Alt\u0131nc\u0131 Dairesinin 10\/04\/2017 tarih ve E:2016\/4954, K:2017\/2452 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131yla bozulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine bozma karar\u0131na uyularak, “\u0130darelerin sit alanlar\u0131nda kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yapma zorunlulu\u011funun bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak bu stat\u00fcde bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar i\u00e7in hazine ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131yla takas imkan\u0131n\u0131n sunulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131 bulunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in idarelere sit ilan\u0131ndan bu yana belli bir yasal s\u00fcre tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, esasen uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa konu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlu bir stat\u00fcde bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu nedenle kamula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131z el atma nedeniyle olu\u015fan bir zarardan da bahsedilmesine olanak bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131” gerek\u00e7esiyle davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
TEMY\u0130Z EDEN\u0130N \u0130DD\u0130ALARI : Dava konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n bulundu\u011fu alanla ilgili olarak taraflar\u0131n\u0131n, alan\u0131n S\u0130T alan\u0131 oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir itirazlar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131; ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n “Koruya kat\u0131lacak alan” olarak belirlendi\u011fi, arsa vasf\u0131nda olup \u00e7evresinde bir \u00e7ok yap\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n oldu\u011fu, davac\u0131lar\u0131n murisi taraf\u0131ndan 1973 y\u0131l\u0131nda sat\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, 1974 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana da imar planlar\u0131yla \u00fczerindeki tasarruf hakk\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131, temyize konu karar\u0131n y\u00fcksek mahkeme kararlar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu hususlar\u0131 belirtilerek bozulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eI TARAFIN SAVUNMASI :<\/p>\n
1- \u00c7evre, \u015eehircilik ve \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan, davac\u0131n\u0131n temyiz isteminin usul ve hukuka uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek istemin reddi gerekti\u011fi savunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
2- Beykoz Belediye Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan, davac\u0131n\u0131n temyiz isteminin usul ve hukuka uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek istemin reddi gerekti\u011fi savunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
3- \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediye Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan;davac\u0131n\u0131n temyiz isteminin usul ve hukuka uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek istemin reddi gerekti\u011fi savunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
DANI\u015eTAY TETK\u0130K HAK\u0130M\u0130 \u2026 ‘IN D\u00dc\u015e\u00dcNCES\u0130 : Temyiz isteminin kabul\u00fc ile mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
T\u00dcRK M\u0130LLET\u0130 ADINA
\nKarar veren Dan\u0131\u015ftay Alt\u0131nc\u0131 Dairesince, 29\/10\/2021 g\u00fcnl\u00fc, 31643 say\u0131l\u0131 Resmi Gazetede yay\u0131mlanan 85 say\u0131l\u0131 Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesinin 1. maddesi uyar\u0131nca, 1 say\u0131l\u0131 Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Te\u015fkilat\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesinin Alt\u0131nc\u0131 K\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 “\u00c7evre, \u015eehircilik ve \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi” \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirildi\u011finden, husumetin \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerine \u00c7evre, \u015eehircilik ve \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6neltilmesine karar verilerek, Tetkik Hakiminin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 dinlendikten ve dosyadaki belgeler incelendikten sonra i\u015fin gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
\u0130NCELEME VE GEREK\u00c7E:<\/p>\n
MADD\u0130 OLAY :<\/p>\n
Davac\u0131lar\u0131n hissedar\u0131 olduklar\u0131, “\u0130stanbul ili, Beykoz il\u00e7esi, \u2026 Mahallesi, \u2026 pafta, \u2026 ada, \u2026 say\u0131l\u0131 parselde bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n 22\/07\/1983 tarihli Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Sahil \u015eeridi ve \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesi Uygulama \u0130mar Plan\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesinde ve g\u00fcncellenmi\u015f paftalarda “Koruya Kat\u0131lacak Alan” olarak ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmayarak ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerindeki m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahisle, ilk \u00f6nce \u2026 Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesinin \u2026 esas\u0131na kay\u0131tl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan davada g\u00f6revsizlik karar\u0131 verilmesinin \u00fczerine ayn\u0131 gerek\u00e7eyle fazlaya ili\u015fkin haklar\u0131 sakl\u0131 kalmak kayd\u0131yla 15.000,00-TL’nin (\u0131slah edilmi\u015f haliyle 4.757.515,68-TL) ta\u015f\u0131nmaz bedeli olarak dava tarihinden itibaren i\u015fletilecek yasal faiziyle birlikte \u00f6denmesine karar verilmesi istemiyle g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte olan dava a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 MEVZUAT:<\/p>\n
3194 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130mar Kanununun 10. maddesinde: “Belediyeler; imar planlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesinden en ge\u00e7 3 ay i\u00e7inde, bu plan\u0131 tatbik etmek \u00fczere 5 y\u0131ll\u0131k imar programlar\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlarlar. Be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k imar programlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda ilgili yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 kamu kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n temsilcileri g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri esas al\u0131nmak \u00fczere Meclis toplant\u0131s\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131r. Bu programlar, belediye meclisinde kabul edildikten sonra kesinle\u015fir. Bu program i\u00e7inde bulunan kamu kurulu\u015flar\u0131na tahsis edilen alanlar, ilgili kamu kurulu\u015flar\u0131na bildirilir. Be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k imar programlar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalan alanlardaki kamu hizmet tesislerine tahsis edilmi\u015f olan yerleri ilgili kamu kurulu\u015flar\u0131, bu program s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rlar. Bu ama\u00e7la gerekli \u00f6denek, kamu kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k b\u00fct\u00e7elerine konulur.” h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
3194 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130mar Kanununun, 04.07.2019 tarihli, 7181 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 7.maddesi ile ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile birlikte de\u011fi\u015fen “\u0130mar planlar\u0131nda umumi hizmetlere ve kamu hizmetlerine ayr\u0131lan yerler” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 13. maddesinde; “\u00d6zel hukuk ki\u015filerinin m\u00fclkiyetinde olup uygulama imar plan\u0131nda d\u00fczenleme ortakl\u0131k pay\u0131na konu kullan\u0131mlarda yer alan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar;<\/p>\n
a) Bu kullan\u0131mlardan umumi hizmetlere ayr\u0131lan alanlar \u00f6ncelikle 18 inci maddeye g\u00f6re arazi ve arsa d\u00fczenlemesi yap\u0131larak,<\/p>\n
b) 4\/11\/1983 tarihli ve 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda s\u0131ras\u0131yla, ilgisine g\u00f6re Hazine veya ilgili idarelerin m\u00fclkiyetindeki ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar ile trampa yap\u0131lmak veya sat\u0131n al\u0131nmak suretiyle, ilgili kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015funca kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak kamu m\u00fclkiyetine ge\u00e7irilir.<\/p>\n
D\u00fczenleme ortakl\u0131k pay\u0131na konu kullan\u0131mlardan yol, meydan, ibadet yerleri, park ve \u00e7ocuk bah\u00e7eleri hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere yap\u0131 yap\u0131labilecek di\u011fer alanlarda; alanlar\u0131n kamuya ge\u00e7i\u015fi sa\u011flan\u0131ncaya kadar maliklerinin talebi h\u00e2linde ilgili kamu kurulu\u015funun uygun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc al\u0131narak plandaki kullan\u0131m amac\u0131na uygun \u00f6zel tesis yap\u0131labilir.
\n\u0130lgili mevzuat uyar\u0131nca hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131 yap\u0131lamayacak alanlarda muvakkat da olsa yap\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verilmez. Mevcut yap\u0131lar kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131ncaya kadar korunabilir. Bu alanlarda be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k imar program\u0131 s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde, birinci f\u0131kran\u0131n (a) ve (b) bentlerine g\u00f6re i\u015flem tesis edilerek parsel, kamu m\u00fclkiyetine ge\u00e7irilmek zorundad\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre en fazla bir y\u0131l uzat\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Parsel maliklerinin hisselerini idareye hibe etmeleri veya bedelsiz devretmeleri durumunda, idare devir i\u015flemlerini bedel almaks\u0131z\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu i\u015flemler i\u00e7in parsel maliklerinden hi\u00e7bir vergi, resim, har\u00e7, d\u00f6ner sermaye \u00fccreti ve herhangi bir ad alt\u0131nda bedel al\u0131nmaz.<\/p>\n
Kamu kullan\u0131m\u0131na ait sosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve teknik altyap\u0131 alanlar\u0131n\u0131n, Hazine veya kamu m\u00fclkiyetindeki alanlarla trampa yap\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, \u015fah\u0131s veya \u00f6zel hukuk ki\u015filerinden hi\u00e7bir vergi, resim, har\u00e7, \u00fccret, d\u00f6ner sermaye \u00fccreti ve herhangi bir ad alt\u0131nda bedel al\u0131nmaz.<\/p>\n
Bu maddenin uygulanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a haz\u0131rlanan y\u00f6netmelikle belirlenir. ” h\u00fckm\u00fc yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma Kanununa 07.09.2016 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 6745 say\u0131l\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n Proje Baz\u0131nda Desteklenmesi ile Baz\u0131 Kanun ve Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararnamelerde De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanunun 33. maddesi ile eklenen Ek Madde 1’de; “Uygulama imar planlar\u0131nda umumi hizmetlere ve resmi kurumlara ayr\u0131lmak suretiyle m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcne dokunacak \u015fekilde tasarrufu hukuken k\u0131s\u0131tlanan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar hakk\u0131nda, uygulama imar planlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesinden itibaren be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde imar programlar\u0131 veya imar uygulamalar\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r ve b\u00fct\u00e7e imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 d\u00e2hilinde bu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar ilgili idarelerce kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r veya her h\u00e2lde m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131na engel te\u015fkil edecek k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kald\u0131racak \u015fekilde imar plan\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yap\u0131l\u0131r\/yapt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. “h\u00fckm\u00fc getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2863 say\u0131l\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Kanununun “Tan\u0131mlar ve K\u0131saltmalar” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 3. maddesinde:”… \u201cDo\u011fal (tabii) sit\u201d; jeolojik devirlere ait olup, ender bulunmalar\u0131 nedeniyle ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc \u00f6zelliklere sahip yer \u00fcst\u00fcnde, yer alt\u0131nda veya su alt\u0131nda bulunan korunmas\u0131 gerekli alanlard\u0131r.” \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 7. maddesinde korunmas\u0131 gerekli ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n tespit ve tesciline ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler getirilmi\u015f, 8. maddesinde; korunma alanlar\u0131n\u0131n tespiti ve bu alanlarda in\u015faat ve tesisat yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda koruma kurullar\u0131n\u0131n yetkili oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015f, 9. maddesinde de; korunmas\u0131 gerekli ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131, koruma alanlar\u0131 ve sit alanlar\u0131nda in\u015fai ve fiziki m\u00fcdahalede bulunma yasa\u011f\u0131 getirilmi\u015f, hangi eylemlerin in\u015fai ve fiziki m\u00fcdahale oldu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2863 say\u0131l\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Kanununun “Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 15. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinde ” Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr varl\u0131klar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n korunma alanlar\u0131, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirlenen esaslara g\u00f6re kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r: K\u0131smen veya tamamen ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczelki\u015filerin m\u00fclkiyetine ge\u00e7mi\u015f olan korunmas\u0131 gerekli ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131 ile korunma alanlar\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca haz\u0131rlanacak programlara uygun olarak kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu maksat i\u00e7in, K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00e7esine yeterli \u00f6denek konur. (Ek: 17\/6\/1987 – 3386\/5 md.; De\u011fi\u015fik:14\/7\/2004 \u2013 5226\/7 md.) Kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131, belediyeler, il \u00f6zel idareleri ve mahall\u00ee idare birlikleri tescilli ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, koruma b\u00f6lge kurullar\u0131n\u0131n belirledi\u011fi fonksiyonda kullan\u0131lmak kayd\u0131yla kamula\u015ft\u0131rabilirler.”, h\u00fckm\u00fc yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Y\u00fcksek Kurulunun do\u011fal (tabii) sitler, koruma ve kullanma ko\u015fullar\u0131 ile ilgili 19.06.2007 tarihli, 728 say\u0131l\u0131 ilke karar\u0131nda:<\/p>\n
“1- I. Derece Do\u011fal (Tabii) Sit: Bilimsel muhafaza a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan evrensel de\u011feri olan, ilgin\u00e7 \u00f6zellik ve g\u00fczelliklere sahip olmas\u0131 ve ender bulunmas\u0131 nedeniyle kamu yarar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan mutlaka korunmas\u0131 gerekli olan, korumaya y\u00f6nelik bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda aynen korunacak alanlard\u0131r.
\nBu alanlarda, bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc, topografya, sil\u00fcet etkisini bozabilecek, tahribata y\u00f6nelik hi\u00e7bir eylemde bulunulamayaca\u011f\u0131na, ancak;<\/p>\n
a) Kesin yap\u0131 yasa\u011f\u0131 olmakla birlikte, resmi ve \u00f6zel kurulu\u015flarca zorunlu olan alanlarda, teknik altyap\u0131 hizmetleri (kanalizasyon, a\u00e7\u0131k otopark, telesiyej, teleferik, i\u00e7me suyu, enerji nakil hatt\u0131, telefon hatt\u0131, do\u011falgaz hatt\u0131, GSM baz istasyonu ve benzeri) uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n koruma b\u00f6lge kurulunun uygun g\u00f6rece\u011fi \u015fekliyle yap\u0131labilece\u011fine,<\/p>\n
b) 1\/25.000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u00c7evre D\u00fczeni Plan\u0131 veya 1\/5000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli Naz\u0131m \u0130mar Plan\u0131 do\u011frultusunda haz\u0131rlanacak projesine g\u00f6re ilgili koruma kurulundan izin almak ko\u015fulu ile halka a\u00e7\u0131k rekreasyon ama\u00e7l\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcbirlik tesisler (lokanta, b\u00fcfe, kafeterya, soyunma kabinleri, wc, gezi yolu, a\u00e7\u0131k otopark ve benzeri) ile alan\u0131n ve \u00e7evrenin \u00f6zelliklerinden kaynaklanan faaliyetlerin korunmas\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmesi amac\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yap\u0131lar\u0131n (iskele, bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 bar\u0131na\u011f\u0131, bek\u00e7i kul\u00fcbesi ve benzeri) yap\u0131labilece\u011fine,…<\/p>\n
f) Do\u011fal dengenin devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla ilgili kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri do\u011frultusunda alan\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011finden kaynaklanan faaliyetlerin koruma kurulu izni do\u011frultusunda s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilece\u011fine ” karar verilmi\u015ftir. Bu kararda ta\u015f\u0131nmazdan bu haliyle ne \u015fekilde yararlan\u0131l\u0131p yararlan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ilkeler belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 648 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname ile de\u011fi\u015fik 17. maddesinin a bendinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda ” Koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131ncaya kadar, koruma b\u00f6lge kurulu taraf\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7 ay i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi koruma esaslar\u0131 ve kullanma \u015fartlar\u0131 belirlenir. Belediyeler, valilikler ve ilgili kurumlar s\u00f6z konusu alanda \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131 haz\u0131rlat\u0131p incelenmek ve sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmak \u00fczere koruma b\u00f6lge kuruluna vermek zorundad\u0131r. (de\u011fi\u015fiklik \u00f6ncesinde bu s\u00fcre iki y\u0131l olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015fti) \u00dc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde zorunlu nedenlerle plan yap\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde koruma b\u00f6lge kurulunca gerek\u00e7eli olarak bu s\u00fcre uzat\u0131labilir. Uzat\u0131lan s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi koruma esaslar\u0131 ve kullanma \u015fartlar\u0131 uygulan\u0131r.” h\u00fckm\u00fcne; ayn\u0131 maddenin b bendinde ” Koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar pl\u00e2nlar\u0131yla kesin yap\u0131lanma yasa\u011f\u0131 getirilen sit alanlar\u0131nda bulunan ger\u00e7ek ve \u00f6zel hukuk t\u00fczel ki\u015filerinin m\u00fclkiyetindeki ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar malikin ba\u015fvurusu \u00fczerine, belediye ve il \u00f6zel idaresine ait ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarla takas edilebilir.” h\u00fckm\u00fcne; ayn\u0131 Kanunun 15. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (f) bendinde ” (Ek: 17\/6\/1987 – 3386\/5 md.; De\u011fi\u015fik: 25\/6\/2009-5917\/24 md.) Sit alan\u0131 ilan edilen ve 1\/1000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli onanl\u0131 koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131nda kesin in\u015faat yasa\u011f\u0131 getirilen korunmas\u0131 gerekli ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu parseller, (\u2026) ba\u015fka Hazine arsa veya arazileri ile m\u00fcstakil veya hisseli olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir. Sit alan\u0131 ilan edildi\u011fi tapu k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u015ferh edilen ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131, miras ve \u00f6l\u00fcme ba\u011fl\u0131 tasarruflar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, sonradan edinenlerin talepleri de\u011ferlendirilmez. Ancak, Bakanl\u0131k izniyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen kaz\u0131lar\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlarda bulunan parsellerde, maliklerin ba\u015fvurusu ve kabul\u00fcne ili\u015fkin ko\u015ful parsele y\u00f6nelik uygulan\u0131r ve 1\/1000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli onanl\u0131 koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131 \u015fart\u0131 aranmaz. Bu parsellerin \u00fczerinde bina veya tesis varsa malikinin ba\u015fvurusu \u00fczerine rayi\u00e7 bedeli, 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 11 inci maddesi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re belirlenerek \u00f6denir. Bu bentle ilgili usul ve esaslar Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n uygun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc al\u0131narak Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan y\u00f6netmelikle belirlenir. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmle ilgili usul ve esaslar y\u00f6netmelikle belirlenir.” h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131, Do\u011fal Sit Alanlar\u0131 ve \u00d6zel \u00c7evre Koruma B\u00f6lgelerinde Kalan Yap\u0131 Yasakl\u0131 Ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n Hazine Ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131 ile De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi Hakk\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin “Trampa edilebilecek ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 4. maddesinde”(1) Bakanlar Kurulu karar\u0131 ile tescil ve ilan edilen, 1\/1000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli onanl\u0131 koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131nda kesin in\u015faat yasa\u011f\u0131 getirilen tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131, do\u011fal sit alanlar\u0131, orman rejimine tabi olmayan koruma alanlar\u0131 ve \u00f6zel \u00e7evre koruma b\u00f6lgelerinde kalan, Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fck taraf\u0131ndan her y\u0131l belirlenecek trampa programlar\u0131na al\u0131nan ger\u00e7ek ve \u00f6zel hukuk t\u00fczel ki\u015filerine ait ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar Hazine ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131 ile trampa edilebilir.<\/p>\n
(2) Ancak;<\/p>\n
a) M\u00fclkiyet uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan,<\/p>\n
b) 26\/1\/1939 tarihli ve 3573 say\u0131l\u0131 Zeytincili\u011fin Islah\u0131 ve Yabanilerinin A\u015f\u0131latt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri gere\u011fince Devlet\u00e7e da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlardan sit alan\u0131 olarak belirlenen ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar ile tapu k\u00fct\u00fcklerinde halen 3573 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair \u015ferh bulunan, …<\/p>\n
k) \u0130mar plan\u0131nda yola, oto parka, ye\u015fil sahaya rastlayan veya di\u011fer kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revleri kapsam\u0131nda sorumlu bulunduklar\u0131 veya bak\u0131m ve onar\u0131m ile g\u00f6revli olduklar\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar, Hazine ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131yla trampaya konu edilemez. 1 inci derece do\u011fal sit alan\u0131 (kesin korunacak hassas alan) ile 1 inci ve 2 nci derece arkeolojik sit alan\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 halinde takas i\u015flemleri K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr.” d\u00fczenlemesi yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanununun 1.maddesinde “Bu Kanunun amac\u0131; \u0130stanbul Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve tarihi de\u011ferlerini ve do\u011fa g\u00fczelliklerini kamu yarar\u0131 g\u00f6zetilerek korumak ve geli\u015ftirmek ve bu alandaki n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011funu art\u0131racak yap\u0131lanmay\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in uygulanacak imar mevzuat\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek ve d\u00fczenlemektir. \u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc, 2. maddesinde,”… \u201ca) Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131; Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i k\u0131y\u0131 ve sahil \u015feridinden, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesinden, geri g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesinden ve etkilenme b\u00f6lgelerinden olu\u015fan ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ve koordinatlar\u0131 bu Kanuna ekli krokide i\u015faretli ve 22\/7\/1983 onay tarihli naz\u0131m planda g\u00f6sterilen aland\u0131r.b) Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i sahil \u015feridi; Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i k\u0131y\u0131 kenar \u00e7izgisi ile 22\/7\/1983 tarihli 1\/5000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli naz\u0131m plan\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilen hat aras\u0131nda kalan b\u00f6lgedir.c) \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesi; Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i sahil \u015feridine biti\u015fik olan ve 22\/7\/1983 tarihli 1\/1000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli imar uygulama plan\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilen b\u00f6lgedir.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc, 5. maddesinde,”…Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131nda orman say\u0131lmayan kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131na veya \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyete ait koru, koruya kat\u0131lacak alan, \u00e7ay\u0131r, mesire yeri, bostan ve benzeri alanlar ye\u015fil alan say\u0131l\u0131r ve bitki varl\u0131klar\u0131 geli\u015ftirilerek muhafaza edilir…” h\u00fckm\u00fc, ge\u00e7ici 4. maddesinde, “Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i k\u0131y\u0131, sahil \u015feridi ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm b\u00f6lgelerinde 22\/7\/1983 tasdik tarihli 1\/5000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli naz\u0131m ve 1\/1000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli imar uygulama planlar\u0131 ile konut kullan\u0131m\u0131na ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ancak yap\u0131 yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olan yerlerde ye\u015fil alan stat\u00fcs\u00fc uygulan\u0131r.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanununun “B\u00fct\u00e7e” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 14.maddesinde, “Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u0130mar M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc b\u00fct\u00e7esi; Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u0130mar \u0130dare Heyetinin karar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcteakip, \u0130stanbul Belediyesi b\u00fct\u00e7esi i\u00e7inde ayr\u0131 bir program olarak yer al\u0131r. \u0130ta amiri Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u0130mar M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.” h\u00fckm\u00fcne, “Gelirler” “ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 15. maddesinde “Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u0130mar M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn gelirleri \u015funlard\u0131r. a) Genel b\u00fct\u00e7eden yap\u0131lacak yard\u0131mlar, Genel b\u00fct\u00e7eden, \u0130stanbul Belediyesi b\u00fct\u00e7esi kanal\u0131yla yap\u0131lacak yard\u0131mlardan Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u0130mar M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ayr\u0131lacak miktar, b\u00fct\u00e7e kanunlar\u0131nda tasrih edilir. c) Bo\u011faz k\u00f6pr\u00fclerinden ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00fccretlerinin y\u00fczde 10’u, d) Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131nda plan ilkelerine uygun olarak yap\u0131lacak in\u015faat veya tadilat projelerinin uygulanmas\u0131nda 2464 say\u0131l\u0131 Belediye Gelirleri Kanununda yer alan imar ile ilgili har\u00e7lar ve harcamalara kat\u0131lma paylar\u0131n\u0131n bir misli oran\u0131nda al\u0131nacak har\u00e7 ve harcamalara kat\u0131lma paylar\u0131, e) Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere, yurt i\u00e7i ve yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak her t\u00fcrl\u00fc mal, para ve benzeri ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar ve yard\u0131mlar ve bu Kanuna g\u00f6re tahsil edilecek di\u011fer gelirler.” “h\u00fckm\u00fcne, “Gelirlerin tahsili ” “ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 16. maddesinde ” Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u0130mar M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gelirlerinden; a) 15 inci madde (d) bendinde belirtilen gelirler \u0130stanbul Belediyesince, (c) bendinde belirtilen gelirler ilgili i\u015fletmelerce tahsil edilir ve Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u0130mar M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc harcamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olmak \u00fczere tahsil edildikleri ay\u0131 takip eden ay sonuna kadar a\u00e7\u0131lan \u00f6zel hesaba yat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Tahsil edilen bu gelirleri zaman\u0131nda yat\u0131rmayanlar hakk\u0131nda kanuni i\u015flem yap\u0131l\u0131r, ayr\u0131ca tutarlar\u0131 y\u00fczde 10 fazlas\u0131yla tahsil edilir. Bu Kanunda aksine h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmayan hallerde 213 say\u0131l\u0131 Vergi Usul Kanunu ve 6183 say\u0131l\u0131 Amme Alacaklar\u0131n\u0131n Tahsil Usul\u00fc Hakk\u0131nda Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r. b) Belediyeler ve il \u00f6zel idareleri ortak fonlar\u0131ndan her y\u0131l Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lan pay, \u0130ller Bankas\u0131 Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnce Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemlerine ve alt yap\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na tahsis edilir. Bu pay\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin esas ve usuller \u0130mar ve \u0130skan Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca haz\u0131rlanacak y\u00f6netmelikte belirtilir.” “h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
HUKUK\u0130 DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RME:<\/p>\n
Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesinde yer alan ta\u015f\u0131nmazla ilgili yap\u0131lan bireysel ba\u015fvuruya ili\u015fkin Anayasa Mahkemesinin 9.06.2021 tarihli, Ba\u015fvuru No:2017\/15318 say\u0131l\u0131 Mehmet Umut Akarca karar\u0131nda. ” 27. Ba\u015fvurucu; Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesi’nde yer alan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n\u0131n 22\/7\/1983 tarihli uygulama imar plan\u0131nda park alan\u0131, 24\/2\/1984 tarihli n\u00e2z\u0131m imar plan\u0131nda ye\u015fil alan olarak ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131ndan emsal parseller gibi yararlanmas\u0131n\u0131n ve ta\u015f\u0131nmazdan tasarruf edebilmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu yakla\u015f\u0131k otuz d\u00f6rt y\u0131ld\u0131r ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerindeki k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n devam etti\u011fini, buna ra\u011fmen idari makamlar\u0131n bu s\u00fcrede ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde herhangi bir giri\u015fimde bulunmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, bu konudaki taleplerinin sonu\u00e7suz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu bu gerek\u00e7elerle adil yarg\u0131lanma ve m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
1. Kabul Edilebilirlik Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden
\n…
\n33. Dolays\u0131yla uygulama imar plan\u0131nda park alan\u0131, naz\u0131m imar plan\u0131nda ye\u015fil alan olarak kabul edilen ba\u015fvuru konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n Y\u00f6netmelik’in 4. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (k) bendinde ifade edili\u015f \u015fekliyle ye\u015fil sahaya rastlayan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz kapsam\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yak\u0131n tarihli Dan\u0131\u015ftay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda takas imk\u00e2n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re somut olay \u00f6zelinde etkili yol olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan takas yoluna ba\u015fvurulmamas\u0131 nedeniyle ba\u015fvuru yollar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketilmedi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenemez.
\n34. Netice itibar\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kabul edilemezli\u011fine karar verilmesini gerektirecek ba\u015fka bir neden de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
2. Esas Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden
\n…
\n37. Anayasa’n\u0131n 13. ve 35. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahalenin Anayasa’ya uygun olabilmesi i\u00e7in m\u00fcdahalenin kanuna dayanmas\u0131, kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 ve ayr\u0131ca \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi g\u00f6zetilerek yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir (Recep Tarhan ve Afife Tarhan, B. No: 2014\/1546, 2\/2\/2017, \u00a7 62).<\/p>\n
38. Somut olayda m\u00fcdahalenin ula\u015f\u0131labilir, belirli ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir nitelikte olan 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine (bkz. Ayla Do\u011fuo\u011flu, \u00a7\u00a7 18-21) dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
39. 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 1. maddesinde Kanun’un \u0130stanbul Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i alan\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve tarih\u00ee de\u011ferlerini, do\u011fa g\u00fczelliklerini korumak ve geli\u015ftirmek, bu alandaki n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011funu art\u0131racak yap\u0131lanmay\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in uygulanacak imar mevzuat\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek amac\u0131yla d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re imar plan\u0131nda park alan\u0131 olarak kabul edilen ta\u015f\u0131nmaza y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahalenin kamu yarar\u0131na dayal\u0131 me\u015fru bir amac\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu kabul edilmelidir.<\/p>\n
40. Son olarak ba\u015fvurucunun m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n
41. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi elveri\u015flilik, gereklilik ve orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 alt ilkeden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Elveri\u015flilik \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen m\u00fcdahalenin ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131n\u0131, gereklilik ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan m\u00fcdahalenin zorunlu olmas\u0131n\u0131 yani ayn\u0131 amaca daha hafif bir m\u00fcdahale ile ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131n\u0131, orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k ise bireyin hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahale ile ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 aras\u0131nda makul bir dengenin g\u00f6zetilmesi gereklili\u011fini ifade etmektedir (AYM, E.2011\/111, K.2012\/56, 11\/4\/2012; E.2014\/176, K.2015\/53, 27\/5\/2015; E.2016\/13, K.2016\/127, 22\/6\/2016; Mehmet Akdo\u011fan ve di\u011ferleri, B. No: 2013\/817, 19\/12\/2013, \u00a7 38).<\/p>\n
42. Orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k ilkesi gere\u011fi ki\u015filerin m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde elde edilmek istenen kamu yarar\u0131 ile bireyin haklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda adil bir dengenin kurulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bu adil denge, ba\u015fvurucunun \u015fahsi olarak a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir y\u00fcke katland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespit edilmesi durumunda bozulmu\u015f olacakt\u0131r. M\u00fcdahalenin orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirirken Anayasa Mahkemesi; bir taraftan ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen me\u015fru amac\u0131n \u00f6nemini, di\u011fer taraftan da m\u00fcdahalenin niteli\u011fini, ba\u015fvurucunun ve kamu otoritelerinin davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak ba\u015fvurucuya y\u00fcklenen k\u00fclfeti dikkate alacakt\u0131r (Arif G\u00fcven, B. No: 2014\/13966, 15\/2\/2017, \u00a7\u00a7 58, 60; Osman Ukav, B. No: 2014\/12501, 6\/7\/2017, \u00a7 71).<\/p>\n
43. Somut olayda \u0130stanbul Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131 Gayrimenkul Eski Eserler ve An\u0131tlar Y\u00fcksek Kurulunun 14\/12\/1974 tarihli karar ile do\u011fal sit alan\u0131 stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz, 22\/7\/1983 tarihli uygulama imar plan\u0131nda park alan\u0131, 24\/2\/1984 tarihli n\u00e2z\u0131m imar plan\u0131nda ye\u015fil alan olarak ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
44. Benzer nitelikteki ta\u015f\u0131nmazlara ili\u015fkin yak\u0131n tarihli Dan\u0131\u015ftay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’a g\u00f6re k\u0131smen veya tamamen \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyete ge\u00e7mi\u015f olan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ve koruma alanlar\u0131n\u0131n bir program d\u00e2hilinde, uygulama imar plan\u0131na g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanacak projelerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi amac\u0131yla kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
45. Buna g\u00f6re ba\u015fvurucunun do\u011fal sit alan\u0131 olmalar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda imar durumundaki bu k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar ve kesin yap\u0131la\u015fma yasa\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n\u0131 diledi\u011fi gibi kullanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131ndan tasarruf edemedi\u011fi de a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla takas imk\u00e2n\u0131 da bulunmayan ba\u015fvuru konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Anayasa’n\u0131n 13., 35. ve 46. maddelerindeki di\u011fer g\u00fcvencelere de uygun olarak ve makul bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle m\u00fcdahalenin ihlal olu\u015fturmayaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n
46. Anayasa Mahkemesi ayn\u0131 konu ile ilgili \u015fik\u00e2yetleri daha \u00f6nce incelemi\u015f ve uygulanacak ilkeleri ortaya koymu\u015ftur (H\u00fcseyin \u00dcnal, \u00a7\u00a7 34-62).<\/p>\n
47. Anayasa Mahkemesi H\u00fcseyin \u00dcnal ba\u015fvurusunda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmede uygulama imar plan\u0131n\u0131n onaylanmas\u0131ndan itibaren be\u015f y\u0131ldan fazla s\u00fcre ge\u00e7mesine ra\u011fmen imar plan\u0131nda kamu hizmetine ayr\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 ve herhangi bir tazminat da \u00f6denmemesinin ba\u015fvurucuya \u015fahsi olarak a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fckledi\u011fi kanaatine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sebeple ba\u015fvurucunun m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ile kamunun yarar\u0131 aras\u0131nda olmas\u0131 gereken adil dengenin ba\u015fvurucu aleyhine bozuldu\u011fu ve m\u00fcdahalenin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir (H\u00fcseyin \u00dcnal, \u00a7\u00a7 51-62).<\/p>\n
48. Somut ba\u015fvuruda da ba\u015fvurucuya ait ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n 22\/7\/1983 tarihli uygulama imar plan\u0131nda kamu hizmeti alan\u0131na ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen be\u015f y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fan uzun bir s\u00fcreden beri kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ba\u015fvurucuya herhangi bir tazminat da \u00f6denmedi\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu ilkelerden ayr\u0131lmay\u0131 gerektirir bir durumun s\u00f6z konusu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucunun m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahale \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
49. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verilmesi gerekir.” gerek\u00e7elerine yer verilmi\u015ftir.
\nYukar\u0131da yer verilen kurallar\u0131n ve Anayasa Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131n\u0131n birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmesinden, 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Kanununa g\u00f6re k\u0131smen veya tamamen \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyete ge\u00e7mi\u015f olan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ve koruma alanlar\u0131n\u0131n Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n haz\u0131rlayaca\u011f\u0131 bir program dahilinde kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, uygulama imar plan\u0131na g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanacak projelerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi amac\u0131yla kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, ayr\u0131ca bu stat\u00fcde bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan yararlanmak hususunda yasal s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar yan\u0131nda belli ko\u015fullar dahilinde kullan\u0131ma izin verildi\u011fi, sit alan\u0131 ilan edilen ve koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131nda kesin in\u015faat yasa\u011f\u0131 getirilen ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar i\u00e7in takas talebinde bulunulabilece\u011fi, takas i\u015flemine ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar\u0131n y\u00f6netmelikte d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi, takas talebinin kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n sit alan\u0131nda olmas\u0131 ve 1\/1000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131nda kesin in\u015faat yasa\u011f\u0131 bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n gerekti\u011fi, kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc gere\u011fi plan yapmaya yetkili idarelere sit alan\u0131 ilan\u0131ndan itibaren belirli bir s\u00fcrede koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131n\u0131 yapma zorunlulu\u011fu getirildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.
\nDi\u011fer yandan; Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesinde yer alan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlardan imar plan\u0131nda kamu alan\u0131na ayr\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar ile birlikte 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun ge\u00e7ici 4. maddesine g\u00f6re Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i K\u0131y\u0131, Sahil \u015eeridi ve \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm B\u00f6lgelerinde 22\/07\/1983 tasdik tarihli 1\/5000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli naz\u0131m ve 1\/1000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli imar uygulama planlar\u0131 ile konut kullan\u0131m\u0131na ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ancak yap\u0131 yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olan yerde bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlara ye\u015fil alan stat\u00fcs\u00fc uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek \u0130stanbul Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve tarihi de\u011ferlerini ve do\u011fa g\u00fczelliklerini kamu yarar\u0131 g\u00f6zetilerek korumak ve geli\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 getirilmi\u015ftir. Dava konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz da 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanunu uyar\u0131nca haz\u0131rlanan 22\/07\/1983 onayl\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Sahil \u015eeridi ve \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesi Uygulama \u0130mar plan\u0131nda “Koruya Kat\u0131lacak Alan” olarak ayr\u0131lmakla beraber, ayn\u0131 zamanda Gayrimenkul Eski Eserler ve An\u0131tlar Y\u00fcksek Kurulunun 14\/12\/1974 tarihli, 8172 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131yla do\u011fal sit stat\u00fcs\u00fcndedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, dava konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerindeki m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 do\u011fal sit alan\u0131nda olmas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, \u00f6zel bir kanun ile kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131yla k\u0131s\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Gelinen a\u015famada, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmazda m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi ve tazminat \u00f6denip \u00f6denmeyece\u011fi hususunun tespiti i\u00e7in m\u00fcdahalenin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve adil dengeyi bozup bozmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmesinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Sahil \u015eeridi ve \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesi Uygulama \u0130mar plan\u0131nda ”Koruya Kat\u0131lacak Alan” kullan\u0131m\u0131nda kalan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz i\u00e7in 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanuna g\u00f6re \u00f6ncelikle takas yolunun kullan\u0131larak ta\u015f\u0131nmazdaki k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi yoluna ba\u015fvurulabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclse de, yukar\u0131da an\u0131lan Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131, Do\u011fal Sit Alanlar\u0131 ve \u00d6zel \u00c7evre Koruma B\u00f6lgelerinde Kalan Yap\u0131 Yasakl\u0131 Ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n Hazine Ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131 \u0130le De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi Hakk\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin 4. maddesinin k f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re takas imkan\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu durumda ta\u015f\u0131nmazdaki k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi i\u00e7in kamula\u015ft\u0131rmadan ba\u015fka bir yol bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6zel kanun olan 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanununda ilgili idarenin gelirleri belirlenmi\u015f olup an\u0131lan Kanunun 16. maddesinin b f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince Belediyeler ve il \u00f6zel idareleri ortak fonlar\u0131ndan her y\u0131l Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lan pay\u0131n \u0130ller Bankas\u0131 Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnce Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemlerine tahsis edilece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bu durumda gerek mevcut imar plan\u0131yla ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 fonksiyon, gerekse kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc nedeniyle sahip oldu\u011fu stat\u00fc gere\u011fince, \u00fczerinde yap\u0131la\u015fma olana\u011f\u0131 bulunmayan dava konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n \u00fczerindeki k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n; ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na engel bir husus olmamas\u0131, kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in gerekli olan \u00f6dene\u011fin nereden sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel kanun olan 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanununda d\u00fczenlenmesi, 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen takas yoluna ba\u015fvurunun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131 ve Anayasa Mahkemesinin yukar\u0131da an\u0131lan 09\/06\/2021 tarihli, Ba\u015fvuru No:2017\/15318 say\u0131l\u0131 Mehmet Umut Akarca karar\u0131nda da m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik a\u00e7\u0131k bir ihlal bulundu\u011funa karar verildi\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlanan dava konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc bir m\u00fcdahalenin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, adil dengenin davac\u0131lar aleyhine bozuldu\u011fu, davac\u0131ya tazminat \u00f6denmesi gerekti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu durumda \u0130dare Mahkemesince tazminat belirlenirken, aralar\u0131nda gayrimenkul de\u011ferleme uzman\u0131n\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu bir bilirki\u015fi kurulunca yerinde ke\u015fif ve bilirki\u015fi incelemesi yap\u0131larak, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n dava tarihindeki (Bak\u0131lmakta olan dava ilk olarak adli yarg\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, adli yarg\u0131da dava a\u00e7\u0131lma tarihindeki) cins ve nevi, y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc, k\u0131ymetini etkileyecek b\u00fct\u00fcn nitelik ve unsurlar\u0131, her unsurun ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 de\u011feri, varsa vergi beyan\u0131, varsa resmi makamlarca yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f k\u0131ymet takdirleri, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n mevkii ve \u015fartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re ve oldu\u011fu gibi kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde getirece\u011fi net geliri, \u00f6zel amac\u0131 olmayan emsal (uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa konu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n \u00e7evresinin imar plan\u0131ndaki kullan\u0131m bi\u00e7imi, yap\u0131la\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve konumlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan benzer \u00f6zellikleri olan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar aras\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilmeli, davaya konu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz kadastro parseli ise; emsal al\u0131nacak ta\u015f\u0131nmaz da kadastro parseli olmal\u0131 ya da emsal parsel imar parseli ise, emsal ta\u015f\u0131nmazda kesilen d\u00fczenleme ortakl\u0131k pay\u0131 oran\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde davaya konu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz bedeli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclerek ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n ger\u00e7ek bedeli belirlenmeli) ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f sat\u0131\u015flara g\u00f6re sat\u0131\u015f de\u011feri, bedele etki eden t\u00fcm kanuni veriler, imar verileri, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcn nitelik ve kullan\u0131m \u015fekli, de\u011feri etkileyen hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri, gayrimenkul \u00fczerinde ayni ve \u015fahsi irtifak haklar\u0131 ve gayrimenkul m\u00fckellefiyetleri vb. bedelin tespitinde etkili olacak di\u011fer objektif \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerin belirlenmesi suretiyle ta\u015f\u0131nmaz bedeli tespit edilerek karar verilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
Bak\u0131lan davada, 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun \u00f6zel bir kanun oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, \u0130stanbul Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i alan\u0131na ili\u015fkin yap\u0131la\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 dahi belirleyen d\u00fczenlemeler i\u00e7erdi\u011fi ve 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanuna g\u00f6re \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesindeki planlar\u0131n, \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediyesince haz\u0131rlanarak Belediye Meclisinin karar\u0131 ve Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n onay\u0131ndan sonra “Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u0130mar Y\u00fcksek Koordinasyon Kurulu” onay\u0131 ile, geri g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm ve etkilenme b\u00f6lgesindeki planlar\u0131n ise; Belediye Kanunu uyar\u0131nca yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 hususu Kanunda a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlendi\u011fine g\u00f6re, dava konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n da i\u00e7erisinde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu alanda plan yapma yetkisinin m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran yerel y\u00f6netime verildi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, tarihi ve do\u011fal g\u00fczelliklerine hasren \u00f6zel bir kanuna konu olan, b\u00fcnyesinde do\u011fal sit alanlar\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7eren Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i alan\u0131nda belediye taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak plan yapma yetkisi bulunan \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediye Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u0130mar M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc an\u0131lan plan\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin i\u015flem olan kamula\u015ft\u0131rmadan sorumlu idareler oldu\u011fu da tabidir.<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer yandan, bozmaya uyulmas\u0131 durumunda yeniden yap\u0131lacak yarg\u0131lamada, davaya konu ta\u015f\u0131nmaza ili\u015fkin g\u00fcncel m\u00fclkiyet durumu ile imar planlar\u0131ndaki kullan\u0131m durumu ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fi de a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu itibarla, temyize \u0130dare Mahkemesi karar\u0131nda hukuki isabet bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
KARAR SONUCU :<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle;<\/p>\n
1. 2577 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 49. maddesine uygun bulunan davac\u0131lar\u0131n temyiz isteminin kabul\u00fcne,<\/p>\n
2. Davan\u0131n yukar\u0131da \u00f6zetlenen gerek\u00e7eyle reddine ili\u015fkin temyize konu \u2026 \u0130dare Mahkemesinin \u2026 tarih ve E:\u2026 , K:\u2026 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n BOZULMASINA,<\/p>\n
3. Dosyan\u0131n an\u0131lan Mahkemeye g\u00f6nderilmesine,<\/p>\n
4. 2577 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun (Ge\u00e7ici 8. maddesi uyar\u0131nca uygulanmas\u0131na devam edilen) 54. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca bu karar\u0131n tebli\u011f tarihini izleyen 15 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde karar\u0131n d\u00fczeltilmesi yolu a\u00e7\u0131k olmak \u00fczere 25\/05\/2022 tarihinde oy\u00e7oklu\u011fuyla karar verildi.<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eI OY (X):<\/p>\n
2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanunu\u2019nun 5. maddesinin ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131nda; \u201cBo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131nda orman say\u0131lmayan kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131na veya \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyete ait koru, koruya kat\u0131lacak alan, \u00e7ay\u0131r, mesire yeri, bostan ve benzeri alanlar ye\u015fil alan say\u0131l\u0131r ve bitki varl\u0131klar\u0131 geli\u015ftirilerek muhafaza edilir.<\/p>\n
…Ye\u015fil alan say\u0131lan yerlerde mahalli mahsullerin yeti\u015ftirilmesine devam edilir\u201d denilerek;<\/p>\n
Ayn\u0131 Kanunun (M\u00fclga: 9\/5\/1984 – 3004\/2 md.) Gelirler ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 15. maddesinin b bendinde; ”2 \u015eubat 1981 tarih ve 2380 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanuna g\u00f6re genel b\u00fct\u00e7e vergi gelirlerinden belediyelere ve il \u00f6zel idarelerine verilen paydan \u0130ller Bankas\u0131’ndaki belediyeler ve il \u00f6zel idareleri ortak fonlar\u0131na aktar\u0131lan paylar\u0131n y\u00fczde 10 oran\u0131ndan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olmayacak \u015fekilde Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u0130mar Y\u00fcksek Koordinasyon Kurulu’nca kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak nispette ayr\u0131lacak miktar…” Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u0130mar M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn gelirleri aras\u0131nda say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, 16. maddesinin b bendinde; ”…Belediyeler ve il \u00f6zel idareleri ortak fonlar\u0131ndan her y\u0131l Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lan pay, \u0130ller Bankas\u0131 Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnce Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemlerine ve alt yap\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na tahsis edilir. Bu pay\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin esas ve usuller \u0130mar ve \u0130skan Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca haz\u0131rlanacak y\u00f6netmelikte belirtilir.” denilmektedir.<\/p>\n
22. 21\/7\/1983 tarihli ve 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Kanunu’nun 15. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (f) bendinde \u201cSit alan\u0131 ilan edilen ve 1\/1000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli onanl\u0131 koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131nda kesin in\u015faat yasa\u011f\u0131 getirilen korunmas\u0131 gerekli ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu parseller, (\u2026) ba\u015fka Hazine arsa veya arazileri ile m\u00fcstakil veya hisseli olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir. Sit alan\u0131 ilan edildi\u011fi tapu k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u015ferh edilen ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131, miras ve \u00f6l\u00fcme ba\u011fl\u0131 tasarruflar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, sonradan edinenlerin talepleri de\u011ferlendirilmez. Ancak, Bakanl\u0131k izniyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen kaz\u0131lar\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlarda bulunan parsellerde, maliklerin ba\u015fvurusu ve kabul\u00fcne ili\u015fkin ko\u015ful parsele y\u00f6nelik uygulan\u0131r ve 1\/1000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli onanl\u0131 koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131 \u015fart\u0131 aranmaz. Bu parsellerin \u00fczerinde bina veya tesis varsa malikinin ba\u015fvurusu \u00fczerine rayi\u00e7 bedeli, 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 11 inci maddesi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re belirlenerek \u00f6denir. Bu bentle ilgili usul ve esaslar Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n uygun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc al\u0131narak Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan y\u00f6netmelikle belirlenir.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesinde yer alan ta\u015f\u0131nmazla ilgili yap\u0131lan bireysel ba\u015fvuruya ili\u015fkin Anayasa Mahkemesinin 14\/10\/2020 tarihli, Ba\u015fvuru No: 2017\/25596 say\u0131l\u0131 Ayla Do\u011fuo\u011flu karar\u0131nda;<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucuya ait ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n 22\/7\/1983 tasdik tarihli ve 1\/1000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Sahil \u015eeridi ve \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesi uygulama imar plan\u0131nda konut alan\u0131 olarak ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerinde herhangi bir yap\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan 22\/11\/2016 tarihinde davan\u0131n reddine karar verildi\u011fi, karar\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde; 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesi’nde bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlara getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n \u0130stanbul Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i alan\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve tarih\u00ee de\u011ferlerini, do\u011fal g\u00fczelliklerini korumak ve geli\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu imar plan\u0131n\u0131n 13\/6\/2011 onanl\u0131 say\u0131salla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcncelle\u015ftirilmi\u015f paftalar\u0131nda koruya kat\u0131lacak alanda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, ye\u015fil alanda kalan parsellerde korunmas\u0131 gerekli k\u00fclt\u00fcr varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir yap\u0131 yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ifade edildi\u011fi, ancak ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n imar planlar\u0131nda umumi hizmetlere ayr\u0131lmak suretiyle tasarrufunun k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahsedilemeyece\u011fi, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesi’nde kalmas\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirtildi\u011fi;<\/p>\n
Anayasa Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan Dan\u0131\u015ftay Alt\u0131nc\u0131 Dairesinin 26\/10\/2017 tarihli ve E:2017\/4323, K:2017\/8356 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131ndan da bahsedilerek, somut olayda m\u00fcdahalenin ula\u015f\u0131labilir, belirli ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir nitelikte olan 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, imar plan\u0131nda konut alan\u0131na ayr\u0131lan ancak Kanun’un belirtilen amac\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde imar durumu ye\u015fil alan olarak kabul edilen ta\u015f\u0131nmaza y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahalenin kamu yarar\u0131na dayal\u0131 me\u015fru bir amac\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funun kabul edilmesinin gerekti\u011fi, imar plan\u0131nda konut alan\u0131na ayr\u0131lan ba\u015fvuruya konu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un ge\u00e7ici 4. maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fc gere\u011fince ye\u015fil alan stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde kabul edildi\u011fi, somut ba\u015fvuruda ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n kamu hizmetine ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunun s\u00f6z konusu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak \u00fczerinde yap\u0131 yap\u0131lmayan bu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n imar durumunun 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un ge\u00e7ici 4. maddesi gere\u011fi ye\u015fil alan stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde kabul edildi\u011fi, imar plan\u0131nda kamu hizmetine ayr\u0131lmayan ba\u015fvuruya konu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n idari makamlar taraf\u0131ndan bir zorunluluk olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Dan\u0131\u015ftay i\u00e7tihad\u0131nda da de\u011finildi\u011fi \u00fczere 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 15. maddesinde, korunmas\u0131 gerekli ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca haz\u0131rlanacak programlara uygun olarak kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 esas\u0131n\u0131n getirildi\u011fi, an\u0131lan kanun maddesinin (f) bendinde, sit alan\u0131nda bulunan, ger\u00e7ek veya t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin m\u00fclkiyetine ge\u00e7mi\u015f olan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar i\u00e7in kamula\u015ft\u0131rma esas\u0131 benimsenmeyip takas imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n getirildi\u011finin g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, konumu gere\u011fi k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 olan ve \u00fczerinde kesin yap\u0131la\u015fma yasa\u011f\u0131 bulunan bu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz y\u00f6n\u00fcnden 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un maliklere tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 takas imk\u00e2n\u0131n etkili bir giderim sa\u011flamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6ylenemeyece\u011fi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucunun kamu hizmetine ayr\u0131lmay\u0131p imar durumu ye\u015fil alan olarak kabul edilen ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 i\u015flemi ile ilgili olarak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yet bak\u0131m\u0131ndan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik a\u00e7\u0131k bir ihlalin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yine Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesinde yer alan ba\u015fka bir ta\u015f\u0131nmazla ilgili yap\u0131lan bireysel ba\u015fvuruya ili\u015fkin Anayasa Mahkemesinin 09\/06\/2021 tarihli, Ba\u015fvuru No: 2017\/15318 say\u0131l\u0131 Mehmet Umut Akarca karar\u0131 incelendi\u011finde ise;<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucunun hisse sahibi oldu\u011fu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n 22\/7\/1983 tasdik tarihli ve 1\/1000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Sahil \u015eeridi ve \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesi uygulama imar plan\u0131nda park alan\u0131, 24\/2\/1984 tarihli 1\/5000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Do\u011fal ve Tarihi Sit De\u011ferlerini \u0130\u00e7eren N\u00e2z\u0131m \u0130mar Plan\u0131’nda ye\u015fil alan olarak ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerinde herhangi bir yap\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan 12\/10\/2016 tarihinde davan\u0131n reddine karar verildi\u011fi, karar\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde; ba\u015fvuru konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n 24\/2\/1984 tarihli 1\/5000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Do\u011fal ve Tarihi Sit De\u011ferlerini \u0130\u00e7eren N\u00e2z\u0131m \u0130mar Plan\u0131’nda ye\u015fil alan olarak ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bununla birlikte Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u0130mar Y\u00fcksek Koordinasyon Kurulunun 13\/6\/2011 tarihli karar\u0131 ile onanan ve 4\/1\/2013 tarih karar\u0131 ile de tadili yap\u0131lan Plan Lejant\u0131 ve Plan h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin 5.1. maddesi gere\u011fi; Gezi Alanlar\u0131, Park, \u00c7ocuk Bah\u00e7esi, G\u00f6rsel Nedenlerle A\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131larak Korunacak Alanlar ve Manzara Teraslar\u0131na Ayr\u0131lan olarak belirtildi\u011fi, ta\u015f\u0131nmaza korunmas\u0131 gerekli k\u00fclt\u00fcr varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 uygulama d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yap\u0131 yapma yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n konuldu\u011funun beyan edildi\u011fi, \u00f6te yandan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgenin \u0130stanbul Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131 Gayrimenkul Eski Eserler ve An\u0131tlar Y\u00fcksek Kurulunun 14\/12\/1974 tarihli karar ile do\u011fal sit alan\u0131 ilan edildi\u011fi, sonu\u00e7 olarak 18\/11\/1983 tarihli ve 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanunu ile Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesi’nde bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlara getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n \u0130stanbul Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i alan\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve tarih\u00ee de\u011ferlerini, do\u011fal g\u00fczelliklerini korumak ve geli\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n imar planlar\u0131nda umumi hizmetlere ayr\u0131lmak suretiyle tasarrufunun k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahsedilemeyece\u011fi, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesi’nde kalmas\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirtildi\u011fi;<\/p>\n
Anayasa Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan Dan\u0131\u015ftay Alt\u0131nc\u0131 Dairesinin 28\/12\/2020 tarihli ve E:2016\/11961, K:2020\/13828 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131ndan da bahsedilerek, konu ile ilgili \u00f6nceki Dan\u0131\u015ftay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda; kamula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131z el atma davalar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00fczerinde yap\u0131la\u015fma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n sonradan kamu hizmetine ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucunda ta\u015f\u0131nmazda meydana gelen hukuki k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar nedeniyle a\u00e7\u0131labilece\u011finin a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131, buna kar\u015f\u0131n bulundu\u011fu alan ve b\u00f6lge gere\u011fi do\u011fal olarak k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131k h\u00e2lini b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131ran ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un uygulanamayaca\u011f\u0131, 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’daki \u015fartlar sa\u011flanarak trampa talebinde bulunulabilece\u011fi, bu talebin de somut olaya g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilece\u011finin ifade edildi\u011fi, idarelerin sit alanlar\u0131nda kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yapma zorunluluklar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu stat\u00fcde bulanan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlara Hazine ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131yla trampa imk\u00e2n\u0131 sunulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131 bulunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in idarelere sit alan\u0131 ilan\u0131ndan itibaren belirli bir yasal s\u00fcrenin tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131nmazlardaki k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’dan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131, kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlu bir stat\u00fcde bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n dile getirildi\u011fi ve kamula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131z el atma nedeniyle olu\u015fan bir zarardan s\u00f6z edilemeyece\u011finin ifade edildi\u011fi, ancak Dan\u0131\u015ftay’\u0131n yak\u0131n tarihli son i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmelik’in 4. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (k) bendi gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6sterilerek Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Sahil \u015eeridi ve \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesi Uygulama \u0130mar Plan\u0131nda park-\u00e7ocuk bah\u00e7esi, oyun ve a\u00e7\u0131k spor alanlar\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlenecek alan kapsam\u0131nda kalan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar i\u00e7in takas imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla uygulama imar plan\u0131nda park alan\u0131, naz\u0131m imar plan\u0131nda ye\u015fil alan olarak kabul edilen ba\u015fvuru konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n Y\u00f6netmelik’in 4. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (k) bendinde ifade edili\u015f \u015fekliyle ye\u015fil sahaya rastlayan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz kapsam\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yak\u0131n tarihli Dan\u0131\u015ftay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda takas imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilerek m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlaline ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmi\u015ftir.
\nEsas y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ise, somut olayda \u0130stanbul Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131 Gayrimenkul Eski Eserler ve An\u0131tlar Y\u00fcksek Kurulunun 14\/12\/1974 tarihli karar\u0131 ile do\u011fal sit alan\u0131 stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n, 22\/7\/1983 tarihli uygulama imar plan\u0131nda park alan\u0131, 24\/2\/1984 tarihli n\u00e2z\u0131m imar plan\u0131nda ye\u015fil alan olarak ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, benzer nitelikteki ta\u015f\u0131nmazlara ili\u015fkin yak\u0131n tarihli Dan\u0131\u015ftay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’a g\u00f6re k\u0131smen veya tamamen \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyete ge\u00e7mi\u015f olan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ve koruma alanlar\u0131n\u0131n bir program d\u00e2hilinde, uygulama imar plan\u0131na g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanacak projelerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi amac\u0131yla kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ifade edildi\u011fi, buna g\u00f6re ba\u015fvurucunun do\u011fal sit alan\u0131 olmalar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda imar durumundaki bu k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar ve kesin yap\u0131la\u015fma yasa\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n\u0131 diledi\u011fi gibi kullanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131ndan tasarruf edemedi\u011fi de a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fu, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla takas imk\u00e2n\u0131 da bulunmayan ba\u015fvuru konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Anayasa’n\u0131n 13., 35. ve 46. maddelerindeki di\u011fer g\u00fcvencelere de uygun olarak ve makul bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle m\u00fcdahalenin ihlal olu\u015fturmayaca\u011f\u0131, somut ba\u015fvuruda da ba\u015fvurucuya ait ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n 22\/7\/1983 tarihli uygulama imar plan\u0131nda kamu hizmeti alan\u0131na ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen be\u015f y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fan uzun bir s\u00fcreden beri kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ba\u015fvurucuya herhangi bir tazminat da \u00f6denmedi\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu ilkelerden ayr\u0131lmay\u0131 gerektirir bir durumun s\u00f6z konusu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucunun m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Anayasa Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131nda al\u0131nt\u0131 ve at\u0131f yap\u0131lan Dan\u0131\u015ftay 6. Dairesi’nin 26\/10\/2017 g\u00fcn ve E:2017\/4323, K:2017\/8356 say\u0131l\u0131 ve 12\/12\/2017 g\u00fcn ve E:2017\/3161, K:2017\/10690 say\u0131l\u0131 karar gerek\u00e7elerinde;<\/p>\n
“…\u00d6ncelikle, korunmas\u0131 gerekli ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131 ile bunlar\u0131n korunma alanlar\u0131, sit alanlar\u0131ndan farkl\u0131l\u0131k arz etmektedir. Korunmas\u0131 gerekli ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rnekleri 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un ilgili maddesinde ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 say\u0131larak (\u00f6rne\u011fin, kaya mezarl\u0131klar\u0131, h\u00f6y\u00fckler, t\u00fcm\u00fcl\u00fcsler) somutla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ancak sit alanlar\u0131 koruma stat\u00fc ve dereceleri farkl\u0131l\u0131k arz etmekle birlikte haz\u0131rlanacak bilimsel raporlar do\u011frultusunda tarihi, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel veya tabiat g\u00fczelliklerinin alan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnselli\u011fiyle beraber koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan\u0131 ifade etmektedir. Bu ayr\u0131m\u0131n bir sonucu olarak ger\u00e7ek veya t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin m\u00fclkiyetine ge\u00e7mi\u015f olan korunmas\u0131 gerekli ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in Kanun’un 15. maddesinin a f\u0131kras\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n program dahilinde kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 esas\u0131 getirilmi\u015f, ancak sit alan\u0131nda bulunan ve ger\u00e7ek veya t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin m\u00fclkiyetine ge\u00e7mi\u015f olan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar i\u00e7in kamula\u015ft\u0131rma esas\u0131 benimsenmemi\u015f, bunun yerine ayn\u0131 maddenin (f) bendinde takas imkan\u0131 getirilmi\u015ftir…”<\/p>\n
”…Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta, davaya konu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz i\u00e7in yap\u0131la\u015fma izni verilmesinin yasal olarak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, zira ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n ba\u015ftan beri Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesinde olmas\u0131 ve do\u011fal sit alan\u0131nda kalmas\u0131 nedeniyle zaten konumu gere\u011fi k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 bir ta\u015f\u0131nmaz oldu\u011fu, kamula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131z el atma davalar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00fczerinde yap\u0131la\u015fma imkan\u0131 bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n sonradan kamu hizmetine ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucunda ta\u015f\u0131nmazda meydana gelen hukuki k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar nedeniyle a\u00e7\u0131labilece\u011fi, buna kar\u015f\u0131n, bulundu\u011fu alan veya b\u00f6lge gere\u011fi do\u011fal olarak k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131k halini b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131ran ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma Kanununun uygulanamayaca\u011f\u0131, yukar\u0131da yer verilen 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun ilgili \u015fartlar\u0131 sa\u011flanarak ‘takas’ talebinde bulunulabilecek olup bu talebin de somut olaya g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilece\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu durumda, idarelerin sit alanlar\u0131nda kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yapma zorunlulu\u011funun bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak bu stat\u00fcde bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar i\u00e7in hazine ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131yla takas imkan\u0131n\u0131n sunulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131 bulunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in idarelere sit ilan\u0131ndan bu yana belli bir yasal s\u00fcre tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, esasen uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa konu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanundan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlu bir stat\u00fcde bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu nedenle kamula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131z el atma nedeniyle olu\u015fan bir zarardan da bahsedilemeyece\u011finden davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmesi gerekmekte iken dava hakk\u0131nda karar verilmesine yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin kararda isabet bulunmamaktad\u0131r….” denilerek davalar\u0131n reddi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde karar verilirken;<\/p>\n
28\/12\/2020 g\u00fcn ve E:2016\/11961, K:2020\/13828 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda ise,<\/p>\n
”…Yukar\u0131da yer verilen kurallar\u0131n ve Anayasa Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131n\u0131n birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmesinden, 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Kanununa g\u00f6re k\u0131smen veya tamamen \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyete ge\u00e7mi\u015f olan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ve koruma alanlar\u0131n\u0131n Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n haz\u0131rlayaca\u011f\u0131 bir program dahilinde kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, uygulama imar plan\u0131na g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanacak projelerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi amac\u0131yla kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, ayr\u0131ca bu stat\u00fcde bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan yararlanmak hususunda yasal s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar yan\u0131nda belli ko\u015fullar dahilinde kullan\u0131ma izin verildi\u011fi, sit alan\u0131 ilan edilen ve koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131nda kesin in\u015faat yasa\u011f\u0131 getirilen ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar i\u00e7in takas talebinde bulunulabilece\u011fi, takas i\u015flemine ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar\u0131n y\u00f6netmelikte d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi, takas talebinin kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n sit alan\u0131nda olmas\u0131 ve 1\/1000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131nda kesin in\u015faat yasa\u011f\u0131 bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n gerekti\u011fi, kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc gere\u011fi plan yapmaya yetkili idarelere sit alan\u0131 ilan\u0131ndan itibaren belirli bir s\u00fcrede koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 imar plan\u0131n\u0131 yapma zorunlulu\u011fu getirildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.
\nDi\u011fer taraftan Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesinde yer alan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlardan imar plan\u0131nda kamu alan\u0131na ayr\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar ile birlikte 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun ge\u00e7ici 4. maddesine g\u00f6re Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i k\u0131y\u0131, sahil \u015feridi ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm b\u00f6lgelerinde 22\/7\/1983 tasdik tarihli 1\/5000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli naz\u0131m ve 1\/1000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli imar uygulama planlar\u0131 ile konut kullan\u0131m\u0131na ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ancak yap\u0131 yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olan yerde bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n ye\u015fil alan stat\u00fcs\u00fc uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek \u0130stanbul Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve tarihi de\u011ferlerini ve do\u011fa g\u00fczelliklerini kamu yarar\u0131 g\u00f6zetilerek korumak ve geli\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanunu uyar\u0131nca haz\u0131rlanan 22.07.1983 onayl\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Sahil \u015eeridi ve \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesi Uygulama \u0130mar plan\u0131nda ‘park- \u00e7ocuk bah\u00e7esi, oyun ve a\u00e7\u0131k spor alanlar\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlenecek alan’ olarak ayr\u0131lan dava konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar ayn\u0131 zamanda Gayrimenkul Eski Eserler ve An\u0131tlar Y\u00fcksek Kurulunun 14.12.1974 tarihli, 8172 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131yla do\u011fal sit stat\u00fcs\u00fcndedirler. \u00d6te yandan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlardaki m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 do\u011fal sit alan\u0131 olmalar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6zel bir kanun ile kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131yla k\u0131s\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
… Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Sahil \u015eeridi ve \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesi Uygulama \u0130mar plan\u0131nda ‘park – \u00e7ocuk bah\u00e7esi, oyun ve a\u00e7\u0131k spor alanlar\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlenecek alan’ kullan\u0131m\u0131nda kalan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar i\u00e7in 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 kanuna g\u00f6re \u00f6ncelikle takas yolunun kullan\u0131larak ta\u015f\u0131nmazdaki k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi yoluna ba\u015fvuruldu\u011funda, takas yolunun uygulanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin yukar\u0131da an\u0131lan Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131, Do\u011fal Sit Alanlar\u0131 Ve \u00d6zel \u00c7evre Koruma B\u00f6lgelerinde Kalan Yap\u0131 Yasakl\u0131 Ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n Hazine Ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131 \u0130le De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi Hakk\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin 4. maddesinin k f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re takas imkan\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu durumda ta\u015f\u0131nmazdaki k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi i\u00e7in kamula\u015ft\u0131rmadan ba\u015fka bir yol bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6zel kanun olan 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanununda ilgili idarenin gelirleri belirlenmi\u015f olup an\u0131lan Kanunun 16. Maddesinin b f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince Belediyeler ve il \u00f6zel idareleri ortak fonlar\u0131ndan her y\u0131l Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lan pay\u0131n \u0130ller Bankas\u0131 Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnce Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemlerine tahsis edilece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bu durumda gerek mevcut imar plan\u0131, gerekse kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc nedeniyle stat\u00fcleri gere\u011fince yap\u0131la\u015fabilmesine olanak bulunmayan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na engel bir hususun olmamas\u0131, kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in gerekli olan \u00f6dene\u011fin nereden sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel kanun olan 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanununda d\u00fczenlenmesi, 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen takas yoluna da ba\u015fvurunun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ve Anayasa Mahkemesinin yukar\u0131da an\u0131lan 14.10.2020 tarihli, Ba\u015fvuru No: 2017\/25596 say\u0131l\u0131 Ayla Do\u011fuo\u011flu karar\u0131nda da takas ba\u015fvurusu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedenle mevcut a\u015fama itibariyle de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131larak m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik a\u00e7\u0131k bir ihlal bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verildi\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlanan dava konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc bir m\u00fcdahalenin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, adil dengenin davac\u0131lar aleyhine bozulmas\u0131 nedeniyle tazminat \u00f6denmesi gerekti\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.” gerek\u00e7esi ile tazminata h\u00fckmedilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6nceki karar\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe gidilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Anayasa Mahkemesinin, 09\/06\/2021 tarihli karar\u0131nda yer verilen Dan\u0131\u015ftay 6. Dairesi’nin 28\/12\/2020 tarihli ve E:2016\/11961, K:2020\/13828 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde yer alan hususlar irdelendi\u011finde, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na engel bir durumun bulunmamas\u0131n\u0131n ilgili idareler y\u00f6n\u00fcnden kamula\u015ft\u0131rma zorunlulu\u011funu do\u011furmayaca\u011f\u0131, ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanununun 16. maddesinde belirtilen kayna\u011f\u0131n, k\u0131s\u0131tlamadan kaynakl\u0131 kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemlerine hasredilmi\u015f bir \u00f6denek niteli\u011finde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir ba\u015fka ifade ile, s\u00f6z konusu h\u00fck\u00fcmde belirtilen kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemleri, k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131ktan kaynaklanan zararlar\u0131n tazminine ili\u015fkin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, ilgili idareleri kamula\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fc alt\u0131na sokmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, takas yoluna ba\u015fvurunun da ancak Kanundaki \u015fartlar\u0131n mevcut olmas\u0131 halinde m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu, yasal \u015fartlar\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131 halinde ise bahse konu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, belirtilen gerek\u00e7elerin tazminata h\u00fckmedilmesi i\u00e7in yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile Dan\u0131\u015ftay 6. Dairesi’nin \u00f6nceki i\u00e7tihad\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli maddi ve hukuki sebeplerde bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca; 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanununun 16. maddesinin b bendinde belirtilen Belediyeler ve il \u00f6zel idareleri ortak fonlar\u0131ndan her y\u0131l Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Alan\u0131 i\u00e7in tahsis edilecek pay, s\u00f6z konusu pay\u0131n ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemenin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanununun ”Gelirler” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 15. maddesinin b bendi 09.05.1984 tarih ve 3004 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, g\u00fcncel durumda, Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak kamula\u015ft\u0131rmalar i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lan pay\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 sebebiyle, 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanununun 16. maddesinin b bendinin de, k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131ktan kaynakl\u0131 kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden uygulanabilirli\u011fi kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kanunun 15. maddesinin di\u011fer bentlerinde farkl\u0131 gelir kalemleri mevcut ise de, Kanun metninde s\u00f6z konusu kalemlerin kamula\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemlerinde kullan\u0131labilece\u011fine dair herhangi bir d\u00fczenleme bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Anayasa Mahkemesinin 09\/06\/2021 tarihli ihlal karar\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde, ”44. Benzer nitelikteki ta\u015f\u0131nmazlara ili\u015fkin yak\u0131n tarihli Dan\u0131\u015ftay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’a g\u00f6re k\u0131smen veya tamamen \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyete ge\u00e7mi\u015f olan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ve koruma alanlar\u0131n\u0131n bir program d\u00e2hilinde, uygulama imar plan\u0131na g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanacak projelerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi amac\u0131yla kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmi\u015ftir. 45. Buna g\u00f6re ba\u015fvurucunun do\u011fal sit alan\u0131 olmalar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda imar durumundaki bu k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar ve kesin yap\u0131la\u015fma yasa\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n\u0131 diledi\u011fi gibi kullanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131ndan tasarruf edemedi\u011fi de a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla takas imk\u00e2n\u0131 da bulunmayan ba\u015fvuru konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Anayasa’n\u0131n 13., 35. ve 46. maddelerindeki di\u011fer g\u00fcvencelere de uygun olarak ve makul bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle m\u00fcdahalenin ihlal olu\u015fturmayaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. 48. Somut ba\u015fvuruda da ba\u015fvurucuya ait ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n 22\/7\/1983 tarihli uygulama imar plan\u0131nda kamu hizmeti alan\u0131na ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen be\u015f y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fan uzun bir s\u00fcreden beri kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ba\u015fvurucuya herhangi bir tazminat da \u00f6denmedi\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu ilkelerden ayr\u0131lmay\u0131 gerektirir bir durumun s\u00f6z konusu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucunun m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahale \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc de\u011fildir.” denilmi\u015f ise de, Dan\u0131\u015ftay 6. Dairesinin istikrar bulmu\u015f i\u00e7tihad\u0131na g\u00f6re, sit alanlar\u0131nda takas yolunun ancak belirli \u015fartlarda kullan\u0131labilmesi, bak\u0131lan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta ise bu imkan\u0131n mevcut olmamas\u0131 ilgili idareleri kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yapma y\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fc alt\u0131na sokmayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n sebebi esas itibariyle ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n imar plan\u0131nda kamu hizmetine ayr\u0131lmas\u0131ndan de\u011fil, 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanunu ve 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n bulundu\u011fu konumdan ve sit alan\u0131nda kalmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, ihlal karar\u0131nda ”55. Somut olayda ba\u015fvurucuya ait ta\u015f\u0131nmaz imar plan\u0131nda kamu hizmeti alan\u0131na ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00fcdahalenin temeli olan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n imar plan\u0131nda kamu hizmetine ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 idari bir i\u015flem niteli\u011findedir. Ba\u015fvurucunun m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 idari bir i\u015flem nedeniyle ihlal edilmi\u015ftir. Ancak idare aleyhine a\u00e7\u0131lan tam yarg\u0131 davas\u0131nda da ma\u011fduriyet giderilememi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ihlalin mahkeme karar\u0131ndan da kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.” denilerek, m\u00fcdahalenin temelinin, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n imar plan\u0131nda kamu hizmetine ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 olarak nitelendirilerek, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n idari bir i\u015flem nedeniyle ihlal edildi\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise de, esas itibariyle ortada imar plan\u0131ndan, dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile idari i\u015flemden kaynaklanan bir m\u00fcdahale s\u00f6z konusu olmay\u0131p, k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmleri (zira plan Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanununa dayanmaktad\u0131r) ve 2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131 sonucu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesinde olmas\u0131 ve sit alan\u0131nda kalmas\u0131 nedeniyle plan de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yoluyla da s\u00f6z konusu k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, daval\u0131 idareye bu konuda izafe edilecek bir kusurunun ve tazmini gerektirir bir sorumlulu\u011fun y\u00fcklenemeyece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca, davaya konu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar bir program dahilinde, uygulama imar planlar\u0131na g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanacak projelere g\u00f6re kamu hizmet tesisi yada herhangi bir yap\u0131la\u015fmaya konu edilemeyeceklerinden, projelerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi amac\u0131yla da kamula\u015ft\u0131rma zorunlulu\u011fu bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Olayda, ta\u015f\u0131nmaza idare taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f herhangi bir fiili m\u00fcdahale de bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n planda ”Koruya Kat\u0131lacak Alan” olarak ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 ise \u0130mar Kanununun planlamaya ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131 ve s\u00f6z konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n ba\u015fka bir ama\u00e7la kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131ndan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6ncelikle, idarenin tazminat davas\u0131 yoluyla kamula\u015ft\u0131rmaya zorlanabilmesi i\u00e7in ortada bir kusuru, hukuki sorumlulu\u011funun bulunmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Her ne kadar, benzer uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta, Anayasa Mahkemesi karar\u0131 ile m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlaline karar verilmi\u015f ise de, s\u00f6z konusu ihlal esas itibariyle Kanundan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ilgili idarelerin, kendi kusurundan kaynaklanan tazmin sorumlulu\u011fu, dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile kamula\u015ft\u0131rma mecburiyeti bulunmamaktad\u0131r.
\nPlan yap\u0131m\u0131nda belli b\u00f6lgelerin, Kanundan do\u011fan hukuki sebeplerle ve mevcut konumu nedeniyle imar plan\u0131nda belli kullan\u0131mlara ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu ve plan de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile farkl\u0131 kullan\u0131mlara tahsis edilerek mevcut k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi imkan\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131, an\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n tahsis amac\u0131na uygun olarak kamula\u015ft\u0131rma zorunlulu\u011funu ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, b\u00f6yle durumlarda ilgili idarelerin kamula\u015ft\u0131rma konusunda Kanundan kaynakl\u0131 bir g\u00f6revleri de bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Nitekim 2960 say\u0131l\u0131 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanununa g\u00f6re de Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm B\u00f6lgesinde yap\u0131lan planlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda ilgili idarelerin kamula\u015ft\u0131rma g\u00f6revi ve zorunlulu\u011fu bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan; 2942 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma Kanunu Ek 1 maddesinde ”Uygulama imar planlar\u0131nda umumi hizmetlere ve resmi kurumlara ayr\u0131lmak suretiyle m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcne dokunacak \u015fekilde tasarrufu hukuken k\u0131s\u0131tlanan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar hakk\u0131nda, uygulama imar planlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesinden itibaren be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde imar programlar\u0131 veya imar uygulamalar\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r ve b\u00fct\u00e7e imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 d\u00e2hilinde bu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar ilgili idarelerce kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r veya her h\u00e2lde m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131na engel te\u015fkil edecek k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kald\u0131racak \u015fekilde imar plan\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yap\u0131l\u0131r\/yapt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.” h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verilmi\u015f olup, ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar \u00fczerindeki k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda temel d\u00fczenleme bu \u015fekildedir. S\u00f6z konusu d\u00fczenlemede, kamula\u015ft\u0131rma suretiyle k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131lacak ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar, uygulama imar planlar\u0131nda umumi hizmetlere ve resmi kurumlara ayr\u0131lmak suretiyle tasarrufu hukuken k\u0131s\u0131tlanan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar \u015feklinde belirtilmi\u015f, bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, ilgili kanunlar\u0131n uygulamas\u0131 suretiyle tasarrufu k\u0131s\u0131tlanan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar ise kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yoluyla k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar aras\u0131nda say\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nYukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle, bak\u0131lan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta daval\u0131 idarenin kamula\u015ft\u0131rma zorunlulu\u011funun bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, davan\u0131n reddine ili\u015fkin Mahkeme karar\u0131na yap\u0131lan istinaf ba\u015fvurusunun reddi yolundaki Mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n belirtilen gerek\u00e7enin de eklenerek onanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi oyu ile \u00e7o\u011funluk karar\u0131na kat\u0131lm\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n
\u200bDan\u0131\u015ftay 6. Dairesi\u2019nin E. 2018\/5255, K. 2022\/2870, T. 09.03.2022 ve E. 2020\/6963, K. 2022\/6156, T. 25.05.2022 say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
“\u0130\u00e7tihat Metni” T.C. D A N I \u015e T A Y ALTINCI DA\u0130RE Esas No : 2018\/5255 Karar No : 2022\/2870 TEMY\u0130Z EDEN (DAVACILAR): 1- \u2026 2- \u2026 VEK\u0130LLER\u0130 : Av. \u2026 KAR\u015eI TARAF (DAVALILAR): 1- \u2026 B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediye Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 VEK\u0130L\u0130 : Av. \u2026 2- \u2026 Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 – \u2026 VEK\u0130L\u0130 : \u2026, Hukuk M\u00fc\u015faviri (E-Tebligat) \u0130STEM\u0130N KONUSU : \u2026 B\u00f6lge \u0130dare Mahkemesi \u2026 \u0130dari Dava Dairesinin \u2026 tarih ve E:\u2026, K:\u2026 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n temyizen incelenerek bozulmas\u0131 istenilmektedir. YARGILAMA S\u00dcREC\u0130 : Dava konusu istem: \u0130stanbul \u0130li, Be\u015fikta\u015f \u0130l\u00e7esi, \u2026Mahallesi, \u2026 pafta, \u2026ada, \u2026 parsel say\u0131l\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n uygulama imar plan\u0131nda konut alan\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, an\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131nmaza Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Kanunu’nun ge\u00e7ici 4. maddesi uyar\u0131nca ye\u015fil alan stat\u00fcs\u00fc uygulanmas\u0131 suretiyle m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011finden bahisle u\u011fran\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen 1.000.000,00-TL kamula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131z el atma bedelinin \u00f6denmesine ve idareye yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvurunun reddine dair 23.01.2015 tarihli i\u015flemin iptali istenilmi\u015ftir. \u0130lk Derece Mahkemesi karar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zeti: \u2026 \u0130dare Mahkemesinin \u2026 tarih ve E:\u2026, K:\u2026 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile davan\u0131n esas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda karar verilmesine yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6lge \u0130dare Mahkemesi \u0130dari Dava Dairesi karar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zeti: Davan\u0131n esas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda karar verilmesine yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yolundaki \u2026 \u0130dare Mahkemesinin \u2026 tarih ve E:\u2026, K:\u2026 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 istinafa ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, istinaf ba\u015fvurular\u0131n\u0131n reddi yolundaki …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-95382","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n