6502 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcketicinin Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un \u201cKapsam\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 2.maddesinde; \u201cBu Kanun, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc t\u00fcketici i\u015flemi ile t\u00fcketiciye y\u00f6nelik uygulamalar\u0131 kapsar.\u201d \u015feklinde d\u00fczenleme mevcuttur. Ayn\u0131 yasan\u0131n \u201cTan\u0131mlar\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 3.maddesinde ise t\u00fcketici; \u201cTicari veya mesleki olmayan ama\u00e7larla hareket eden ger\u00e7ek veya t\u00fczel ki\u015fi\u201d olarak, T\u00fcketici \u0130\u015flemi ise; \u201cMal veya hizmet piyasalar\u0131nda kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fileri de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere ticari veya mesleki ama\u00e7larla hareket eden veya onun ad\u0131na ya da hesab\u0131na hareket eden ger\u00e7ek veya t\u00fczel ki\u015filer ile t\u00fcketiciler aras\u0131nda kurulan, eser, ta\u015f\u0131ma, simsarl\u0131k, sigorta, vek\u00e2let, bankac\u0131l\u0131k ve benzeri s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere her t\u00fcrl\u00fc s\u00f6zle\u015fme ve hukuki i\u015flem\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 maddede \u00dcretici ise; \u201c\u2026t\u00fcketiciye sunulmu\u015f olan mal ya da bu mallar\u0131n hammaddelerini yahut ara mallar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretenler ile mal \u00fczerine markas\u0131n\u0131, unvan\u0131n\u0131 veya herhangi bir ay\u0131rt edici i\u015faretini koyarak kendisini \u00fcretici olarak g\u00f6steren ger\u00e7ek veya t\u00fczel ki\u015fi\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 yasan\u0131n \u201cT\u00fcketici Mahkemeleri\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 73\/1.maddesinde ise; \u201cT\u00fcketici i\u015flemleri ile t\u00fcketiciye y\u00f6nelik uygulamalardan do\u011fabilecek uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klara ili\u015fkin davalarda t\u00fcketici mahkemeleri g\u00f6revlidir.\u201d d\u00fczenlemesine yer verilmi\u015ftir. Bu kapsamda t\u00fcketici s\u0131fat\u0131na sahip ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fcketici i\u015flemlerine dair a\u00e7\u0131lacak davalarda t\u00fcketici mahkemeleri g\u00f6revlidir (Hakim Mehmet Akif TUTUMLU, Ay\u0131pl\u0131 Mal Hukuku, 2.Bask\u0131, Ankara 2023, s.602). Burada t\u00fcketici mahkemelerinin rakam itibariyle t\u00fcketici hakem heyeti s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde kalan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klara bakmakla g\u00f6revli oldu\u011fu tespit edilirken as\u0131l alacak tutar\u0131 ile birlikte faiz ve di\u011fer ferilerin de hesaba kat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir (Ankara BAM 21.Hd. 24\/11\/\/2017 Tarihli 2017\/901 E. 2017\/819 K.). <\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 13. Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 19\/02\/2015 Tarihli 2014\/43355 Esas 2015\/5075 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da sat\u0131c\u0131 ve \u00fcretici-ithalat\u00e7\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lacak davalarda T\u00fcketici Mahkemesi\u2019nin g\u00f6revli oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Karar \u00f6zeti \u015fu \u015fekildedir; \u201c\u2026Bir hukuki i\u015flemin 4077 Say\u0131l\u0131 yasa kapsam\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilmesi i\u00e7in Kanun’un amac\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde yukarda tan\u0131mlar\u0131 verilen taraflar aras\u0131nda mal ve hizmet sat\u0131\u015f\u0131na dair bir hukuki i\u015flemin olmas\u0131 gerekir. Somut uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta daval\u0131n\u0131n (sat\u0131c\u0131) davac\u0131ya (al\u0131c\u0131) ara\u00e7 satt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve taraflar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin 4077 Say\u0131l\u0131 yasa kapsam\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Arac\u0131n ikinci el ara\u00e7 olmas\u0131n\u0131n sonuca etkisi bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, TKHK nun 4\/3 maddesine g\u00f6re; \u0130malat\u00e7\u0131-\u00fcretici, sat\u0131c\u0131, bayi, acente, ithalat\u00e7\u0131 ay\u0131pl\u0131 maldan ve t\u00fcketicinin bu maddede yer alan se\u00e7imlik haklar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 m\u00fcteselsilen sorumlu oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde sat\u0131c\u0131 ve \u00fcretici -ithalat\u00e7\u0131 daval\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan eldeki davada 4077 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un\u00a023.maddesi gere\u011fince davaya bakmaya T\u00dcKET\u0130C\u0130 MAHKEMES\u0130 G\u00d6REVL\u0130D\u0130R. Mahkemece g\u00f6revsizlik karar\u0131 verilmesi gerekirken yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm tesisi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup bozmay\u0131 gerektirir.\u201d<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 13.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 08\/04\/2019 Tarihli 2016\/28542 Esas 2019\/4642 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 da ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ndedir; \u201c\u2026Eldeki davada davac\u0131, ay\u0131pl\u0131 sat\u0131\u015f gerek\u00e7esi ile sat\u0131\u015f bedelini talep etmi\u015ftir. Daval\u0131n\u0131n dosyadaki delillere ve beyan\u0131na g\u00f6re ara\u00e7 al\u0131m sat\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 mesleki ama\u00e7la yapan galerici s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, davac\u0131n\u0131n ise mevcut al\u0131m sat\u0131mda t\u00fcketici s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 haiz bulundu\u011fu; bu haliyle taraflar aras\u0131ndaki ihtilaf\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yerinin genel mahkeme de\u011fil T\u00fcketici Mahkemesi’nin olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi halde bu hususa dikkat edilmeksizin mevcut \u015fekilde karar verilmesi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00f6revle ilgili d\u00fczenlemeler kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkin olup taraflar ileri s\u00fcrmese dahi yarg\u0131laman\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131nda resen g\u00f6zetilir. Bu durumda mahkemece, t\u00fcketici mahkemesine g\u00f6revsizlik karar\u0131 verilmesi gerekirken, davaya bak\u0131larak sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup, bozmay\u0131 gerektirir.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u0130stanbul B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 46.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 28.12.2023 Tarihli 2023\/3396 Esas 2023\/3076 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 husus vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; \u201c\u2026dava konusu arac\u0131n trafik ruhsat kayd\u0131nda kullan\u0131m amac\u0131 olarak, \u201cy\u00fck nakli- hususi\u201d yazmakta oldu\u011fu, dava konusu arac\u0131n ruhsat\u0131nda y\u00fck nakli oldu\u011funun belirtilmesinin tek ba\u015f\u0131na sat\u0131\u015f i\u015fleminin t\u00fcketici i\u015flemi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermeyece\u011fi, arac\u0131 sat\u0131n alan ki\u015finin ticari veya mesleki ama\u00e7la hareket etmemesi, yani arac\u0131 ticari veya mesleki faaliyetinde kullanmak \u00fczere sat\u0131n almamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, dava konusu arac\u0131n ruhsat\u0131nda kullan\u0131m amac\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fck nakli-hususi yazmakta oldu\u011fu, arac\u0131n, davac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ticari veya mesleki ama\u00e7la kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair dosyada bir delil bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi davac\u0131 yan\u0131n ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fi olup tacir oldu\u011funa dair bilgi ve belgeye dosyada rastlan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Yarg\u0131tay 20.H.D. 28\/06\/2017 Tarih ve 2017\/6990 Esas – 2017\/5940 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131) ve davac\u0131 yanca da bu hususta herhangi bir belge ibraz edilmedi\u011fi, bu haliyle de davac\u0131n\u0131n, t\u00fcketici oldu\u011funun kabul\u00fc gerekti\u011fi ve sonu\u00e7 olarak da taraflar aras\u0131ndaki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n T\u00dcKET\u0130C\u0130N\u0130N KORUNMASI HAKKINDAK\u0130 KANUN KAPSAMINDA KALDI\u011eI anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
6502 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcketicinin Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un \u201cT\u00fcketici Mahkemeleri\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 73\/5.maddesinde ise; \u201cT\u00fcketici davalar\u0131, t\u00fcketicinin yerle\u015fim yerinin bulundu\u011fu yerdeki t\u00fcketici mahkemesinde de a\u00e7\u0131labilir.\u201d \u015feklinde d\u00fczenleme mevcuttur. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere yasa koyucu, ilgili kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcyle a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a t\u00fcketiciye kendi yerle\u015fim yeri mahkemesinde dava a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131 tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f olup bu d\u00fczenleme \u00f6zel bir yetki h\u00fckm\u00fc niteli\u011findedir. Bu madde t\u00fcketicinin hak aramas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla getirilmi\u015ftir (Hakim Mehmet Akif TUTUMLU, Ay\u0131pl\u0131 Mal Hukuku, 2.Bask\u0131, s.702). Bu \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcm yaln\u0131zca t\u00fcketici a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan getirilmi\u015f olup madde metninde sat\u0131c\u0131 ya da sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131dan bahsedilmedi\u011finden kendi yerle\u015fim yerine dava a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131ndan sat\u0131c\u0131 ya da sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 yararlanamaz (Hakim Mehmet Akif TUTUMLU, Ay\u0131pl\u0131 Mal Hukuku, 2.Bask\u0131, s.706). Yine HMK.m.17\/1 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filerin yetki s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yapma imkan\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan t\u00fcketiciler ile imzalanan s\u00f6zle\u015fmelere konulan ihtilaf halinde yetkili mahkemeyi belirleyen s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fckm\u00fc ge\u00e7ersiz say\u0131l\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131lacak davalarda yukar\u0131da belirtmi\u015f oldu\u011fumuz kural ge\u00e7erli olacakt\u0131r (Yarg\u0131tay 13.Hd. 20\/03\/2013 T. 2013\/5823 E. 2013\/7070 K.).<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 13.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 11\/09\/2014 Tarihli 2014\/26639 Esas 2014\/26473 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 hususlar vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; \u201c\u2026davac\u0131n\u0131n yerle\u015fim yerinin Ordu ili oldu\u011fu, halen oturdu\u011fu yer mahkemesinde dava a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. 6502 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcketicinin Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 73 md.\/5.bent h\u00fckm\u00fcne g\u00f6re t\u00fcketici, yerle\u015fim yeri mahkemesinde de dava a\u00e7ma imkan\u0131na sahiptir. Bu nedenle, mahkemece i\u015fin esas\u0131na girilerek h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 gerekirken aksine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerle yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yetkisizlik karar\u0131 verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup bozmay\u0131 gerektirir.\u201d \u015feklinde h\u00fck\u00fcm tesis edilmi\u015ftir (Ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde Yarg\u0131tay 13.Hd. 17\/09\/2014 T. 28794 E. 2014\/27242 K. ; Yarg\u0131tay 13.Hd. 29\/03\/2018 T. 2016\/18276 E. 2018\/3953 K. ; Yarg\u0131tay 13.Hd. 05\/02\/2015 T. 2014\/47088 E. 2015\/2769 K.).<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 13.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 13.11.2014 Tarihli 2014\/40182 Esas 2014\/35770 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 da ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ndedir; \u201c\u2026Dava tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan 4077 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcketicinin Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanunun\u00a023.maddesine g\u00f6re, \u201cT\u00fcketici davalar\u0131 t\u00fcketicinin ikametgah\u0131 mahkemesinde de a\u00e7\u0131labilir.\u201d Bu nedenle, mahkemece i\u015fin esas\u0131na girilerek h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 gerekirken aksine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerle yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yetkisizlik karar\u0131 verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup bozmay\u0131 gerektirir.\u201d<\/p>\n
6502 say\u0131l\u0131 yasan\u0131n \u201cT\u00fcketicinin Se\u00e7imlik Haklar\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 11\/1.maddesinde ise; \u201c(1) Mal\u0131n ay\u0131pl\u0131 oldu\u011funun anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda t\u00fcketici; a) Sat\u0131lan\u0131 geri vermeye haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu bildirerek s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nme, b) Sat\u0131lan\u0131 al\u0131koyup ay\u0131p oran\u0131nda sat\u0131\u015f bedelinden indirim isteme, c) A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir masraf gerektirmedi\u011fi takdirde, b\u00fct\u00fcn masraflar\u0131 sat\u0131c\u0131ya ait olmak \u00fczere sat\u0131lan\u0131n \u00fccretsiz onar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteme, \u00e7) \u0130mk\u00e2n varsa, sat\u0131lan\u0131n ay\u0131ps\u0131z bir misli ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini isteme, se\u00e7imlik haklar\u0131ndan birini kullanabilir. Sat\u0131c\u0131, t\u00fcketicinin tercih etti\u011fi bu talebi yerine getirmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.\u201d d\u00fczenlemesine yer verilmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 maddenin 2.f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise; \u201c\u00dccretsiz onar\u0131m veya mal\u0131n ay\u0131ps\u0131z misli ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi haklar\u0131 \u00fcretici veya ithalat\u00e7\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 da kullan\u0131labilir. Bu f\u0131kradaki haklar\u0131n yerine getirilmesi konusunda SATICI, \u00dcRET\u0130C\u0130 VE \u0130THALAT\u00c7I M\u00dcTESELS\u0130LEN SORUMLUDUR. \u00dcretici veya ithalat\u00e7\u0131, mal\u0131n kendisi taraf\u0131ndan piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclmesinden sonra ay\u0131b\u0131n do\u011fdu\u011funu ispat etti\u011fi takdirde sorumlu tutulmaz.\u201d d\u00fczenlemesi mevcuttur. Bu kapsamda ay\u0131pl\u0131 maldan kaynaklanan se\u00e7imlik hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak isteyen t\u00fcketiciler, bu haklar\u0131n\u0131n yerine getirilmesi konusunda sat\u0131c\u0131, \u00fcretici ve ithalat\u00e7\u0131dan m\u00fcteselsil sorumlu olmalar\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc ayn\u0131 anda talepte bulunabilecektir (Yarg\u0131tay 3.Hukuk Dairesi Onursal Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Nihat YAVUZ, Ay\u0131pl\u0131 \u0130fa, 5.Bask\u0131, Ankara 2016, s.158 ; Hakim Mehmet Akif TUTUMLU, Ay\u0131pl\u0131 Mal Hukuku, 2.Bask\u0131, s.821). Bu husus yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131na da yans\u0131maktad\u0131r (Ankara BAM 3.Hd. 16\/11\/2022 T. 2021\/2282 E. 2022\/2839 K. ; Yarg\u0131tay 13.Hd. 24\/01\/2013 T. 2012\/20764 E. 2013\/1324 K.). Ancak burada y\u00f6neltilecek se\u00e7imlik hakk\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re m\u00fcteselsil sorumlu taraflar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015febilece\u011fine de dikkat etmek gerekir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 13.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 19\/02\/2015 Tarihli 2014\/43355 Esas 2015\/5075 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 da ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ndedir; \u201c\u2026Bir hukuki i\u015flemin 4077 Say\u0131l\u0131 yasa kapsam\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilmesi i\u00e7in Kanun’un amac\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde yukarda tan\u0131mlar\u0131 verilen taraflar aras\u0131nda mal ve hizmet sat\u0131\u015f\u0131na dair bir hukuki i\u015flemin olmas\u0131 gerekir. Somut uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta daval\u0131n\u0131n (sat\u0131c\u0131) davac\u0131ya (al\u0131c\u0131) ara\u00e7 satt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve taraflar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin 4077 Say\u0131l\u0131 yasa kapsam\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Arac\u0131n ikinci el ara\u00e7 olmas\u0131n\u0131n sonuca etkisi bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, TKHK nun 4\/3 maddesine g\u00f6re; \u0130malat\u00e7\u0131-\u00fcretici, sat\u0131c\u0131, bayi, acente, ithalat\u00e7\u0131 ay\u0131pl\u0131 maldan ve t\u00fcketicinin bu maddede yer alan se\u00e7imlik haklar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 m\u00fcteselsilen sorumlu oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde sat\u0131c\u0131 ve \u00fcretici -ithalat\u00e7\u0131 daval\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan eldeki davada 4077 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un\u00a023.maddesi gere\u011fince davaya bakmaya t\u00fcketici mahkemesi g\u00f6revlidir. Mahkemece g\u00f6revsizlik karar\u0131 verilmesi gerekirken yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm tesisi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup bozmay\u0131 gerektirir.\u201d<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 13.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 14\/11\/2017 Tarihli 2016\/12992 Esas 2017\/11122 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 da ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ndedir; \u201c\u20266502 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcketici Yasas\u0131’n\u0131n\u00a011.maddesinin gerek\u00e7esi bu hususa a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k getirmektedir. Gerek\u00e7enin 6. paragraf\u0131nda\u201c S\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131ktan, s\u00f6zle\u015fme taraf\u0131 olarak \u00f6ncelikle sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sorumlu olmas\u0131 esast\u0131r. Ancak, t\u00fcketici sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kayboldu\u011fu durumlar da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere, ay\u0131ps\u0131z misli ile de\u011fi\u015ftirme veya \u00fccretsiz onar\u0131nm haklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcreticiye veya \u0130thalat\u00e7\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 da kullanabilir. \u00dcretici veya ithalat\u00e7\u0131 ile t\u00fcketici aras\u0131nda bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme ili\u015fkisi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcketici, \u00fcreticiye veya ithalat\u00e7\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 bir \u00f6deme yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nme hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak sat\u0131c\u0131ya \u00f6demi\u015f oldu\u011fu paray\u0131 \u00fcretici veya ithalat\u00e7\u0131dan geri almas\u0131 veya bedel indirimi hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. T\u00fcketici bu haklar\u0131n\u0131 ancak sat\u0131c\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 kullanabilir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u00fccretsiz onar\u0131m ve ay\u0131ps\u0131z misli ile de\u011fi\u015ftirmenin \u00fcreticiden veya ithalat\u00e7\u0131dan istenmesi anlaml\u0131d\u0131r. Zira elinde yeni mal bulunan veya o mal\u0131 gere\u011fi gibi onaracak olan \u00fcretici veya ithalat\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu hallerde, s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin nisbili\u011fi ilkesini a\u015farak t\u00fcketicinin do\u011frudan \u00fcreticiye veya ithalat\u00e7\u0131ya gidebilmesi kabul edilmi\u015ftir.\u201c a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
T\u00fcm bu hususlarla birlikte Yarg\u0131tay uygulamas\u0131 ve doktrinde ifade edildi\u011fi \u00fczere sat\u0131lan\u0131n, sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden beklenen amac\u0131 sa\u011flayacak nitelikleri ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gerekir. Sat\u0131c\u0131, sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini yaparken al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tuttu\u011fu tahsis ve kullanma y\u00f6n\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan onun de\u011ferini ve elveri\u015flili\u011fini kald\u0131ran ya da azaltan bir eksikli\u011fin bulunmamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flama borcu alt\u0131ndad\u0131r (Prof.Dr.Cevdet YAVUZ, T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Hukuku \u00d6zel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, 10.Bas\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2014, s.126). 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun \u201cAy\u0131ptan Sorumluluk\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen 219.maddesinde de; \u201c(1) Sat\u0131c\u0131, al\u0131c\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 herhangi bir surette bildirdi\u011fi niteliklerin sat\u0131landa bulunmamas\u0131 sebebiyle sorumlu oldu\u011fu gibi, nitelik veya niteli\u011fi etkileyen niceli\u011fine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olan, kullan\u0131m amac\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan de\u011ferini ve al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ondan bekledi\u011fi faydalar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131ran veya \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azaltan maddi, hukuki ya da ekonomik ay\u0131plar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131ndan da sorumlu olur.\u00a0(2) Sat\u0131c\u0131, bu ay\u0131plar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmese bile onlardan sorumludur.\u201d \u015feklinde d\u00fczenleme mevcuttur. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede Yarg\u0131tay 15.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 16.04.2019 Tarihli 2018\/4472 Esas 2019\/1813 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda gizli ay\u0131p; \u201c\u2026Gizli ay\u0131plar ise basit bir kontrol ve muayene ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmay\u0131p kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanmas\u0131ndan sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ay\u0131plard\u0131r.\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 24.05.2017 Tarihli 2017\/13-678 Esas 2017\/963 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da gizli ay\u0131p; \u201c\u2026durumun gerekli k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, muayene ile anla\u015f\u0131lamayan ay\u0131plar gizli ay\u0131pt\u0131r.\u201d \u015feklinde izah edilmi\u015ftir. Gizli ay\u0131p, \u00f6\u011fretide de sat\u0131lan\u0131n, g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclemeyip daha sonra, genellikle kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ay\u0131p olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r (Prof.Dr.Fikret EREN, Bor\u00e7lar Hukuku \u00d6zel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, 4.Bask\u0131, Ankara 2017, s.111 ; Do\u00e7.Dr.Burak ADIG\u00dcZEL, Tacirler Aras\u0131 Ticari Sat\u0131\u015f, Ankara 2020, s.141 ; Hakim Mehmet Akif TUTUMLU, Ay\u0131pl\u0131 Mal Hukuku, 2.Bask\u0131, Ankara 2023, s.85). Yarg\u0131tay 19.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 27.11.2019 Tarihli 2018\/371 Esas 2019\/5316 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da sat\u0131m konusunun ta\u015f\u0131ma arac\u0131 olmas\u0131 halinde gizli ay\u0131p hususu \u015fu \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir; \u201c\u2026servis kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesinde; servis taraf\u0131ndan bir k\u0131s\u0131m hizmetler verilmi\u015f ise de esas itibariyle ar\u0131zan\u0131n giderilemedi\u011fi ve en son 18\/03\/2015 tarihinde arac\u0131n yeniden ar\u0131zalanarak yolda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu durumun ARA\u00c7TA G\u0130ZL\u0130 AYIP BULUNDU\u011eUNU G\u00d6STERD\u0130\u011e\u0130, tespit raporunun 19\/03\/2015 tarihli olup davac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 23\/03\/2015 tarihinde daval\u0131ya ihtar \u00e7ekildi\u011fi, bu itibarla s\u00fcresinde ve usul\u00fcne uygun bir \u015fekilde ay\u0131p ihbar\u0131nda bulunuldu\u011fu, 0 km ara\u00e7ta bu kadar k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede bu denli ar\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n normal olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u2026\u201d Yarg\u0131tay 13.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 29.01.1987 Tarihli 13\/437 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da benzer y\u00f6nde bir de\u011ferlendirme mevcuttur; \u201c\u2026sat\u0131m konusu mal bir deniz motorudur. \u2026\u015eayet teslim al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma ile motordaki ar\u0131za anla\u015f\u0131lam\u0131yor ve ancak uzun s\u00fcreli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sonucunda ar\u0131za meydana \u00e7\u0131kabiliyorsa o takdirde bu ay\u0131ba gizli ay\u0131p denir.\u201d <\/p>\n
Gizli ay\u0131p kavram\u0131na yukar\u0131daki a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za 6502 say\u0131l\u0131 yasan\u0131n \u201c\u0130spat Y\u00fck\u00fc\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 10\/1.maddesi \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Nitekim bu d\u00fczenleme; \u201cTeslim tarihinden itibaren alt\u0131 ay i\u00e7inde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ay\u0131plar\u0131n, teslim tarihinde var oldu\u011fu kabul edilir. Bu durumda mal\u0131n ay\u0131pl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ispat\u0131 sat\u0131c\u0131ya aittir. Bu karine, mal\u0131n veya ay\u0131b\u0131n niteli\u011fi ile ba\u011fda\u015fm\u0131yor ise uygulanmaz.\u201d \u015feklindedir. Bu kapsamda t\u00fcketici hukukunda teslim tarihinden itibaren 6 ay i\u00e7inde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ay\u0131plar\u0131n teslim tarihinde var oldu\u011fu kabul edilir (Yarg\u0131tay 3.Hukuk Dairesi Onursal Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Nihat YAVUZ, Ay\u0131pl\u0131 \u0130fa, s.168). Burada kanun koyucu, t\u00fcketiciye y\u00f6nelik sat\u0131mlarda ilk alt\u0131 ay i\u00e7in ispat y\u00fck\u00fcnde yer de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine gitmi\u015ftir (Hakim Mehmet Akif TUTUMLU, Ay\u0131pl\u0131 Mal Hukuku, 2.Bask\u0131, s.810).\u00a0 Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede sat\u0131c\u0131, sat\u0131landaki ay\u0131plar\u0131 bilmese dahi bu ay\u0131plardan sorumludur (Yarg\u0131tay Hgk. 29\/03\/2017 T. 2017\/13-664 E. 2017\/573 K. ; Yarg\u0131tay 13.Hd. 22\/06\/2017 T. 2016\/27997 E. 2017\/7963 K.). Bu sonuca 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun 219\/2.maddesinden de var\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ankara B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 3.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 20\/01\/2021 Tarihli 2019\/2366 Esas 2021\/72 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 husus vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; \u201c\u2026Davac\u0131 dava konusu arac\u0131 16\/01\/2018 tarihinde alm\u0131\u015f, davay\u0131 ise 09\/02\/2018 tarihinde a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 6502 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 10\/1.maddesi uyar\u0131nca 6 AY \u0130\u00c7\u0130NDE MEYDANA GELEN AYIPLARIN TESL\u0130M ANINDA VAR OLDU\u011eU KABUL ED\u0130L\u0130R. Bu durumda ispat y\u00fck\u00fc \u00fczerinde bulunan daval\u0131 aksini ispat edememi\u015f, 6 ayl\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde ay\u0131b\u0131 daval\u0131ya bildiren davac\u0131 ise s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nerek bedel iadesine y\u00f6nelik se\u00e7im hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dava konusu ara\u00e7, sat\u0131\u015f tarihi itibariyle ay\u0131pl\u0131 mal niteli\u011findedir. Bu nedenle, mahkemece, 6502 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 11.maddesi uyar\u0131nca davac\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7imlik haklar\u0131ndan bedel iadesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne karar verilmesinde bir isabetsizlik g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.\u201d (Benzer Y\u00f6nde Ankara BAM 3.Hd. 04\/11\/2020 T. 2020\/1822 E. 2020\/1558 K. ; Ankara BAM 3.Hd. 14\/02\/2019 T. 2018\/1334 E. 2019\/278 K.).<\/p>\n
Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede 6502 say\u0131l\u0131 yasan\u0131n \u201cT\u00fcketicinin Se\u00e7imlik Haklar\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 11\/1.maddesinde; \u201c(1) Mal\u0131n ay\u0131pl\u0131 oldu\u011funun anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda t\u00fcketici; a) Sat\u0131lan\u0131 geri vermeye haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu bildirerek s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nme, b) Sat\u0131lan\u0131 al\u0131koyup ay\u0131p oran\u0131nda sat\u0131\u015f bedelinden indirim isteme, c) A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir masraf gerektirmedi\u011fi takdirde, b\u00fct\u00fcn masraflar\u0131 sat\u0131c\u0131ya ait olmak \u00fczere sat\u0131lan\u0131n \u00fccretsiz onar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteme, \u00e7) \u0130mk\u00e2n varsa, sat\u0131lan\u0131n ay\u0131ps\u0131z bir misli ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini isteme, se\u00e7imlik haklar\u0131ndan birini kullanabilir. Sat\u0131c\u0131, t\u00fcketicinin tercih etti\u011fi bu talebi yerine getirmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.\u201d d\u00fczenlemesine yer verilmi\u015f olup Yarg\u0131tay uygulamas\u0131 gere\u011fince de t\u00fcketicilere sat\u0131m\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen ara\u00e7larda gizli ay\u0131p bulunmas\u0131 halinde t\u00fcketiciler yasada belirtilen se\u00e7imlik haklar\u0131n\u0131 serbest\u00e7e kullanabilecektir. Yarg\u0131tay 11.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 14\/09\/2023 Tarihli 2022\/1353 Esas 2023\/5001 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da benzer hususlar vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; \u201c\u2026\u0130lk Derece Mahkemesi’nin yukar\u0131da tarih ve say\u0131s\u0131 belirtilen karar\u0131 ile ara\u00e7taki ay\u0131b\u0131n gizli ay\u0131p niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fu, ara\u00e7taki ay\u0131p nedeni ile birden fazla kez arac\u0131n servise g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc halde sorunun giderilemedi\u011fi, ARACIN SERV\u0130SE G\u00d6T\u00dcR\u00dcLMES\u0130N\u0130N \u0130HBAR OLARAK DE\u011eERLEND\u0130R\u0130LMES\u0130 GEREKT\u0130\u011e\u0130, bilirki\u015fi raporu ile de ay\u0131b\u0131n ve ara\u00e7tan beklenilen yarar\u0131n sa\u011flanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sabit oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esi ile davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne davac\u0131ya ait arac\u0131n daval\u0131ya iade edilmek ko\u015fulu ile ay\u0131ps\u0131z misli ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine karar verilmi\u015ftir. …ilk derece mahkemesi karar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na, kald\u0131r\u0131lan h\u00fckm\u00fcn yerine, davan\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile, davaya konu 2019 model arac\u0131n \u00fczerindeki takyidatlar\u0131ndan ari olarak daval\u0131ya iadesi ile t\u00fcm masraflar\u0131 daval\u0131ya ait olmak \u00fczere arac\u0131n ay\u0131ps\u0131z (0 km) misli ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine karar verilmi\u015ftir. \u2026Temyiz olunan B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi karar\u0131n\u0131n 6100 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 370. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca ONANMASINA, \u2026\u201d \u015feklinde h\u00fck\u00fcm tesis edilmi\u015ftir (Benzer Y\u00f6nde Karar: Yarg\u0131tay 3.Hd. 25.10.2023 T. 2023\/1040 E. 2023\/2902 K. ; Yarg\u0131tay 11.Hd. 26.11.2024 T. 2024\/128 E. 2024\/8322 K.).<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 3.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 21.09.2023 Tarihli 2022\/8352 Esas 2023\/2384 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 da ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ndedir; \u201c\u2026B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesinin yukar\u0131da tarih ve say\u0131s\u0131 belirtilen karar\u0131 ile, davaya konu arac\u0131n, sat\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve daval\u0131ya ihbar ile arac\u0131n yenisi ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi talebine dayanak te\u015fkil eden ar\u0131zalar\u0131 davan\u0131n devam\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda dahi tekrarlanmakla; bu kadar s\u00fcre servise giden, tamirine kar\u015f\u0131n tekrarlanan ar\u0131zalar ta\u015f\u0131yan ve talebin niteli\u011fine g\u00f6re daval\u0131 yanca yenisi verilmedik\u00e7e iade edilmesi de gerekmeyen ara\u00e7tan, yasan\u0131n arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlamda s\u00fcrekli yararlan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabule olanak bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ko\u015fullar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen arac\u0131n \u00fccretsiz yenisi ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi talebinin kabul\u00fcne karar verilmesi gerekti\u011finden davac\u0131n\u0131n istinaf ba\u015fvurusunun kabul\u00fcne; \u2026 1. T\u00fcketici Mahkemesinin \u2026 tarih, \u2026 Esas \u2026 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na, davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne; dava konusu … plakal\u0131 arac\u0131n daval\u0131lara iadesi halinde ay\u0131ps\u0131z misli ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine, infaz s\u0131ras\u0131nda ay\u0131pl\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn temin edilememesi halinde \u0130\u0130K\u2019n\u0131n 24 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesi gere\u011fince i\u015flem yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ve karar\u0131n infaz\u0131 an\u0131nda daval\u0131lar\u0131n m\u00fc\u015ftereken ve m\u00fcteselsilen sorumlu olduklar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zetilmesine karar verilmi\u015ftir. …Temyiz olunan B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi karar\u0131n\u0131n 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 370 … maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca ONANMASINA, \u2026\u201d<\/p>\n
Burada ar\u0131zan\u0131n devam etmesi halinde garanti kapsam\u0131nda onar\u0131m hakk\u0131 kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa bile bedel iadesi veya de\u011fi\u015fim se\u00e7imlik hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131labilece\u011fine dair Yarg\u0131tay 13.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 01\/03\/2016 Tarihli 2015\/3271 Esas 2016\/6288 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 da \u00f6nemlidir. Ankara B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 3.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 28\/02\/2019 Tarihli 2018\/1397 Esas 2019\/361 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da benzer hususlar vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; \u201c\u2026Her ne kadar daval\u0131 sat\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan, dava konusu ara\u00e7 ar\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n davac\u0131n\u0131n \u00fccretsiz onar\u0131m se\u00e7imlik hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131yla yetkili servis taraf\u0131ndan giderildi\u011fi ve se\u00e7imlik hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanan t\u00fcketicinin daha sonra s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nerek bedel iadesi isteyemeyece\u011fi savunulmu\u015f ise de; daval\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu savunmas\u0131n\u0131 ispatlayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, yerel mahkemece do\u011fru olarak de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi \u00fczere salt \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn servise verilmesinin \u00fccretsiz onar\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanma olarak de\u011ferlendirilemeyece\u011fi ve bu kapsamda servisin davac\u0131n\u0131n onar\u0131m talebini almaks\u0131z\u0131n kendili\u011finden \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc onarmas\u0131n\u0131n eldeki davada davac\u0131n\u0131n bedel iadesi isteme se\u00e7imlik hakk\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmayaca\u011f\u0131, bu durumda da davac\u0131n\u0131n ay\u0131pl\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc kabul etmeye ve kullanmaya zorlanamayaca\u011f\u0131 ve \u00fcr\u00fcnden beklenen fayday\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131n\u0131n da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, sonu\u00e7 olarak davac\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nme \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi ve ticari \u015firket olan daval\u0131 aleyhine avans faizine h\u00fckmedilebilece\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmakla, mahkemenin bu y\u00f6ndeki kabul\u00fcnde bir isabetsizlik g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.\u201d Ankara B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 3.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 14\/02\/2019 Tarihli 2018\/1334 Esas 2019\/278 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131n da ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ndedir; \u201c\u2026salt \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn servise verilmesinin \u00fccretsiz onar\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanma olarak de\u011ferlendirilemeyece\u011fi ve bu kapsamda servisin davac\u0131n\u0131n onar\u0131m talebini almaks\u0131z\u0131n kendili\u011finden \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc onarmas\u0131n\u0131n eldeki davada davac\u0131n\u0131n an\u0131lan Kanun kapsam\u0131nda bedel iadesi se\u00e7imlik hakk\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmayaca\u011f\u0131, \u00f6te yandan servis kay\u0131tlar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00fcr\u00fcnde ba\u015fka sorunlar\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu, bu durumda davac\u0131n\u0131n ay\u0131pl\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc kabul etmeye ve kullanmaya zorlanamayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi belirtilen haliyle b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bozuldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerden beklenen fayday\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131n\u0131n da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, sonu\u00e7 olarak davac\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nme \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi ve bu halin sat\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7in ne gibi orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckleri beraberinde getirece\u011finin ise ispatlanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmakla yerel mahkemece davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne karar verilmesi gerekirken, \u2026\u201d<\/p>\n
SONU\u00c7 OLARAK ; 6502 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcketicinin Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un \u201cT\u00fcketici Mahkemeleri\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 73\/1.maddesinde yer alan; \u201cT\u00fcketici i\u015flemleri ile t\u00fcketiciye y\u00f6nelik uygulamalardan do\u011fabilecek uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klara ili\u015fkin davalarda t\u00fcketici mahkemeleri g\u00f6revlidir.\u201d d\u00fczenlemesi gere\u011fi t\u00fcketici s\u0131fat\u0131na sahip ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fcketici i\u015flemlerine dair a\u00e7\u0131lacak davalarda t\u00fcketici mahkemeleri g\u00f6revlidir. Ayn\u0131 yasan\u0131n 73\/5.maddesinde yer alan; \u201cT\u00fcketici davalar\u0131, t\u00fcketicinin yerle\u015fim yerinin bulundu\u011fu yerdeki t\u00fcketici mahkemesinde de a\u00e7\u0131labilir.\u201d d\u00fczenlemesi gere\u011fince ise t\u00fcketiciye kendi yerle\u015fim yeri mahkemesinde dava a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olup bu d\u00fczenleme \u00f6zel bir yetki h\u00fckm\u00fc niteli\u011findedir. Bu madde t\u00fcketicinin hak aramas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla getirilmi\u015ftir. Yasan\u0131n \u201cT\u00fcketicinin Se\u00e7imlik Haklar\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 11\/2.maddesinde mevcut \u201c\u00dccretsiz onar\u0131m veya mal\u0131n ay\u0131ps\u0131z misli ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi haklar\u0131 \u00fcretici veya ithalat\u00e7\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 da kullan\u0131labilir. Bu f\u0131kradaki haklar\u0131n yerine getirilmesi konusunda sat\u0131c\u0131, \u00fcretici ve ithalat\u00e7\u0131 m\u00fcteselsilen sorumludur. \u00dcretici veya ithalat\u00e7\u0131, mal\u0131n kendisi taraf\u0131ndan piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclmesinden sonra ay\u0131b\u0131n do\u011fdu\u011funu ispat etti\u011fi takdirde sorumlu tutulmaz.\u201d d\u00fczenlemesi uyar\u0131nca ise t\u00fcketicinin \u00fccretsiz onar\u0131m veya mal\u0131n ay\u0131ps\u0131z misli ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi hakk\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 sat\u0131c\u0131, \u00fcretici ve ithalat\u00e7\u0131 m\u00fcteselsil sorumludur. Son olarak yasan\u0131n \u201c\u0130spat Y\u00fck\u00fc\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 10\/1.maddesi uyar\u0131nca teslim tarihinden itibaren 6 ay i\u00e7inde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ay\u0131plar\u0131n teslim tarihinde var oldu\u011fu kabul edilmekte olup kanun koyucu burada t\u00fcketiciye y\u00f6nelik sat\u0131mlarda ilk alt\u0131 ay i\u00e7in ispat y\u00fck\u00fcnde yer de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine gitmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede sat\u0131c\u0131, sat\u0131landaki ay\u0131plar\u0131 bilmese dahi bu ay\u0131plardan sorumludur.<\/p>\n
\u200b6502 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcketicinin Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un \u201cKapsam\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 2.maddesinde; \u201cBu Kanun, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc t\u00fcketici i\u015flemi ile t\u00fcketiciye y\u00f6nelik uygulamalar\u0131 kapsar.\u201d \u015feklinde d\u00fczenleme mevcuttur. Ayn\u0131 yasan\u0131n \u201cTan\u0131mlar\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 3.maddesinde ise t\u00fcketici; \u201cTicari veya mesleki olmayan ama\u00e7larla hareket eden ger\u00e7ek veya t\u00fczel ki\u015fi\u201d olarak, T\u00fcketici \u0130\u015flemi ise; \u201cMal veya hizmet piyasalar\u0131nda kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fileri de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere ticari veya mesleki ama\u00e7larla hareket eden veya onun ad\u0131na ya da hesab\u0131na hareket eden ger\u00e7ek veya t\u00fczel ki\u015filer ile t\u00fcketiciler aras\u0131nda kurulan, eser, ta\u015f\u0131ma, simsarl\u0131k, sigorta, vek\u00e2let, bankac\u0131l\u0131k ve benzeri s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere her t\u00fcrl\u00fc s\u00f6zle\u015fme ve hukuki i\u015flem\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 maddede \u00dcretici ise; \u201c\u2026t\u00fcketiciye sunulmu\u015f olan mal ya da bu mallar\u0131n hammaddelerini yahut ara mallar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretenler ile mal \u00fczerine markas\u0131n\u0131, unvan\u0131n\u0131 veya herhangi bir ay\u0131rt edici i\u015faretini koyarak kendisini \u00fcretici olarak g\u00f6steren ger\u00e7ek veya t\u00fczel ki\u015fi\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 yasan\u0131n \u201cT\u00fcketici Mahkemeleri\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 73\/1.maddesinde ise; \u201cT\u00fcketici i\u015flemleri ile t\u00fcketiciye y\u00f6nelik uygulamalardan do\u011fabilecek uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klara ili\u015fkin davalarda t\u00fcketici mahkemeleri g\u00f6revlidir.\u201d d\u00fczenlemesine yer verilmi\u015ftir. Bu kapsamda t\u00fcketici s\u0131fat\u0131na sahip ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fcketici i\u015flemlerine dair a\u00e7\u0131lacak davalarda t\u00fcketici mahkemeleri g\u00f6revlidir (Hakim Mehmet Akif TUTUMLU, Ay\u0131pl\u0131 Mal Hukuku, 2.Bask\u0131, Ankara 2023, s.602). Burada t\u00fcketici mahkemelerinin rakam itibariyle t\u00fcketici hakem heyeti s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde kalan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klara bakmakla g\u00f6revli oldu\u011fu tespit edilirken as\u0131l alacak tutar\u0131 ile birlikte faiz ve di\u011fer ferilerin de hesaba kat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir (Ankara BAM 21.Hd. 24\/11\/\/2017 Tarihli 2017\/901 E. 2017\/819 K.). <\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 13. Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 19\/02\/2015 Tarihli 2014\/43355 Esas 2015\/5075 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da sat\u0131c\u0131 ve \u00fcretici-ithalat\u00e7\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lacak davalarda T\u00fcketici Mahkemesi\u2019nin g\u00f6revli oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Karar \u00f6zeti \u015fu \u015fekildedir; \u201c\u2026Bir hukuki i\u015flemin 4077 Say\u0131l\u0131 yasa kapsam\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilmesi i\u00e7in Kanun’un amac\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde yukarda tan\u0131mlar\u0131 verilen taraflar aras\u0131nda mal ve hizmet sat\u0131\u015f\u0131na dair bir hukuki i\u015flemin olmas\u0131 gerekir. Somut uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta daval\u0131n\u0131n (sat\u0131c\u0131) davac\u0131ya (al\u0131c\u0131) ara\u00e7 satt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve taraflar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin 4077 Say\u0131l\u0131 yasa kapsam\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Arac\u0131n ikinci el ara\u00e7 olmas\u0131n\u0131n sonuca etkisi bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, TKHK nun 4\/3 maddesine g\u00f6re; \u0130malat\u00e7\u0131-\u00fcretici, sat\u0131c\u0131, bayi, acente, ithalat\u00e7\u0131 ay\u0131pl\u0131 maldan ve t\u00fcketicinin bu maddede yer alan se\u00e7imlik haklar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 m\u00fcteselsilen sorumlu oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde sat\u0131c\u0131 ve \u00fcretici -ithalat\u00e7\u0131 daval\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan eldeki davada 4077 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un\u00a023.maddesi gere\u011fince davaya bakmaya T\u00dcKET\u0130C\u0130 MAHKEMES\u0130 G\u00d6REVL\u0130D\u0130R. Mahkemece g\u00f6revsizlik karar\u0131 verilmesi gerekirken yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm tesisi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup bozmay\u0131 gerektirir.\u201d<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 13.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 08\/04\/2019 Tarihli 2016\/28542 Esas 2019\/4642 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 da ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ndedir; \u201c\u2026Eldeki davada davac\u0131, ay\u0131pl\u0131 sat\u0131\u015f gerek\u00e7esi ile sat\u0131\u015f bedelini talep etmi\u015ftir. Daval\u0131n\u0131n dosyadaki delillere ve beyan\u0131na g\u00f6re ara\u00e7 al\u0131m sat\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 mesleki ama\u00e7la yapan galerici s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, davac\u0131n\u0131n ise mevcut al\u0131m sat\u0131mda t\u00fcketici s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 haiz bulundu\u011fu; bu haliyle taraflar aras\u0131ndaki ihtilaf\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yerinin genel mahkeme de\u011fil T\u00fcketici Mahkemesi’nin olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi halde bu hususa dikkat edilmeksizin mevcut \u015fekilde karar verilmesi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00f6revle ilgili d\u00fczenlemeler kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkin olup taraflar ileri s\u00fcrmese dahi yarg\u0131laman\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131nda resen g\u00f6zetilir. Bu durumda mahkemece, t\u00fcketici mahkemesine g\u00f6revsizlik karar\u0131 verilmesi gerekirken, davaya bak\u0131larak sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup, bozmay\u0131 gerektirir.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u0130stanbul B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 46.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 28.12.2023 Tarihli 2023\/3396 Esas 2023\/3076 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 husus vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; \u201c\u2026dava konusu arac\u0131n trafik ruhsat kayd\u0131nda kullan\u0131m amac\u0131 olarak, \u201cy\u00fck nakli- hususi\u201d yazmakta oldu\u011fu, dava konusu arac\u0131n ruhsat\u0131nda y\u00fck nakli oldu\u011funun belirtilmesinin tek ba\u015f\u0131na sat\u0131\u015f i\u015fleminin t\u00fcketici i\u015flemi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermeyece\u011fi, arac\u0131 sat\u0131n alan ki\u015finin ticari veya mesleki ama\u00e7la hareket etmemesi, yani arac\u0131 ticari veya mesleki faaliyetinde kullanmak \u00fczere sat\u0131n almamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, dava konusu arac\u0131n ruhsat\u0131nda kullan\u0131m amac\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fck nakli-hususi yazmakta oldu\u011fu, arac\u0131n, davac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ticari veya mesleki ama\u00e7la kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair dosyada bir delil bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi davac\u0131 yan\u0131n ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fi olup tacir oldu\u011funa dair bilgi ve belgeye dosyada rastlan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Yarg\u0131tay 20.H.D. 28\/06\/2017 Tarih ve 2017\/6990 Esas – 2017\/5940 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131) ve davac\u0131 yanca da bu hususta herhangi bir belge ibraz edilmedi\u011fi, bu haliyle de davac\u0131n\u0131n, t\u00fcketici oldu\u011funun kabul\u00fc gerekti\u011fi ve sonu\u00e7 olarak da taraflar aras\u0131ndaki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n T\u00dcKET\u0130C\u0130N\u0130N KORUNMASI HAKKINDAK\u0130 KANUN KAPSAMINDA KALDI\u011eI anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
6502 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcketicinin Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un \u201cT\u00fcketici Mahkemeleri\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 73\/5.maddesinde ise; \u201cT\u00fcketici davalar\u0131, t\u00fcketicinin yerle\u015fim yerinin bulundu\u011fu yerdeki t\u00fcketici mahkemesinde de a\u00e7\u0131labilir.\u201d \u015feklinde d\u00fczenleme mevcuttur. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere yasa koyucu, ilgili kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcyle a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a t\u00fcketiciye kendi yerle\u015fim yeri mahkemesinde dava a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131 tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f olup bu d\u00fczenleme \u00f6zel bir yetki h\u00fckm\u00fc niteli\u011findedir. Bu madde t\u00fcketicinin hak aramas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla getirilmi\u015ftir (Hakim Mehmet Akif TUTUMLU, Ay\u0131pl\u0131 Mal Hukuku, 2.Bask\u0131, s.702). Bu \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcm yaln\u0131zca t\u00fcketici a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan getirilmi\u015f olup madde metninde sat\u0131c\u0131 ya da sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131dan bahsedilmedi\u011finden kendi yerle\u015fim yerine dava a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131ndan sat\u0131c\u0131 ya da sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 yararlanamaz (Hakim Mehmet Akif TUTUMLU, Ay\u0131pl\u0131 Mal Hukuku, 2.Bask\u0131, s.706). Yine HMK.m.17\/1 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filerin yetki s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yapma imkan\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan t\u00fcketiciler ile imzalanan s\u00f6zle\u015fmelere konulan ihtilaf halinde yetkili mahkemeyi belirleyen s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fckm\u00fc ge\u00e7ersiz say\u0131l\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131lacak davalarda yukar\u0131da belirtmi\u015f oldu\u011fumuz kural ge\u00e7erli olacakt\u0131r (Yarg\u0131tay 13.Hd. 20\/03\/2013 T. 2013\/5823 E. 2013\/7070 K.).<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 13.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 11\/09\/2014 Tarihli 2014\/26639 Esas 2014\/26473 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 hususlar vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; \u201c\u2026davac\u0131n\u0131n yerle\u015fim yerinin Ordu ili oldu\u011fu, halen oturdu\u011fu yer mahkemesinde dava a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. 6502 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcketicinin Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 73 md.\/5.bent h\u00fckm\u00fcne g\u00f6re t\u00fcketici, yerle\u015fim yeri mahkemesinde de dava a\u00e7ma imkan\u0131na sahiptir. Bu nedenle, mahkemece i\u015fin esas\u0131na girilerek h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 gerekirken aksine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerle yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yetkisizlik karar\u0131 verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup bozmay\u0131 gerektirir.\u201d \u015feklinde h\u00fck\u00fcm tesis edilmi\u015ftir (Ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde Yarg\u0131tay 13.Hd. 17\/09\/2014 T. 28794 E. 2014\/27242 K. ; Yarg\u0131tay 13.Hd. 29\/03\/2018 T. 2016\/18276 E. 2018\/3953 K. ; Yarg\u0131tay 13.Hd. 05\/02\/2015 T. 2014\/47088 E. 2015\/2769 K.).<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 13.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 13.11.2014 Tarihli 2014\/40182 Esas 2014\/35770 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 da ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ndedir; \u201c\u2026Dava tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan 4077 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcketicinin Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanunun\u00a023.maddesine g\u00f6re, \u201cT\u00fcketici davalar\u0131 t\u00fcketicinin ikametgah\u0131 mahkemesinde de a\u00e7\u0131labilir.\u201d Bu nedenle, mahkemece i\u015fin esas\u0131na girilerek h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 gerekirken aksine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerle yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yetkisizlik karar\u0131 verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup bozmay\u0131 gerektirir.\u201d<\/p>\n
6502 say\u0131l\u0131 yasan\u0131n \u201cT\u00fcketicinin Se\u00e7imlik Haklar\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 11\/1.maddesinde ise; \u201c(1) Mal\u0131n ay\u0131pl\u0131 oldu\u011funun anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda t\u00fcketici; a) Sat\u0131lan\u0131 geri vermeye haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu bildirerek s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nme, b) Sat\u0131lan\u0131 al\u0131koyup ay\u0131p oran\u0131nda sat\u0131\u015f bedelinden indirim isteme, c) A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir masraf gerektirmedi\u011fi takdirde, b\u00fct\u00fcn masraflar\u0131 sat\u0131c\u0131ya ait olmak \u00fczere sat\u0131lan\u0131n \u00fccretsiz onar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteme, \u00e7) \u0130mk\u00e2n varsa, sat\u0131lan\u0131n ay\u0131ps\u0131z bir misli ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini isteme, se\u00e7imlik haklar\u0131ndan birini kullanabilir. Sat\u0131c\u0131, t\u00fcketicinin tercih etti\u011fi bu talebi yerine getirmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.\u201d d\u00fczenlemesine yer verilmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 maddenin 2.f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise; \u201c\u00dccretsiz onar\u0131m veya mal\u0131n ay\u0131ps\u0131z misli ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi haklar\u0131 \u00fcretici veya ithalat\u00e7\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 da kullan\u0131labilir. Bu f\u0131kradaki haklar\u0131n yerine getirilmesi konusunda SATICI, \u00dcRET\u0130C\u0130 VE \u0130THALAT\u00c7I M\u00dcTESELS\u0130LEN SORUMLUDUR. \u00dcretici veya ithalat\u00e7\u0131, mal\u0131n kendisi taraf\u0131ndan piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclmesinden sonra ay\u0131b\u0131n do\u011fdu\u011funu ispat etti\u011fi takdirde sorumlu tutulmaz.\u201d d\u00fczenlemesi mevcuttur. Bu kapsamda ay\u0131pl\u0131 maldan kaynaklanan se\u00e7imlik hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak isteyen t\u00fcketiciler, bu haklar\u0131n\u0131n yerine getirilmesi konusunda sat\u0131c\u0131, \u00fcretici ve ithalat\u00e7\u0131dan m\u00fcteselsil sorumlu olmalar\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc ayn\u0131 anda talepte bulunabilecektir (Yarg\u0131tay 3.Hukuk Dairesi Onursal Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Nihat YAVUZ, Ay\u0131pl\u0131 \u0130fa, 5.Bask\u0131, Ankara 2016, s.158 ; Hakim Mehmet Akif TUTUMLU, Ay\u0131pl\u0131 Mal Hukuku, 2.Bask\u0131, s.821). Bu husus yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131na da yans\u0131maktad\u0131r (Ankara BAM 3.Hd. 16\/11\/2022 T. 2021\/2282 E. 2022\/2839 K. ; Yarg\u0131tay 13.Hd. 24\/01\/2013 T. 2012\/20764 E. 2013\/1324 K.). Ancak burada y\u00f6neltilecek se\u00e7imlik hakk\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re m\u00fcteselsil sorumlu taraflar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015febilece\u011fine de dikkat etmek gerekir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 13.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 19\/02\/2015 Tarihli 2014\/43355 Esas 2015\/5075 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 da ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ndedir; \u201c\u2026Bir hukuki i\u015flemin 4077 Say\u0131l\u0131 yasa kapsam\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilmesi i\u00e7in Kanun’un amac\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde yukarda tan\u0131mlar\u0131 verilen taraflar aras\u0131nda mal ve hizmet sat\u0131\u015f\u0131na dair bir hukuki i\u015flemin olmas\u0131 gerekir. Somut uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta daval\u0131n\u0131n (sat\u0131c\u0131) davac\u0131ya (al\u0131c\u0131) ara\u00e7 satt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve taraflar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin 4077 Say\u0131l\u0131 yasa kapsam\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Arac\u0131n ikinci el ara\u00e7 olmas\u0131n\u0131n sonuca etkisi bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, TKHK nun 4\/3 maddesine g\u00f6re; \u0130malat\u00e7\u0131-\u00fcretici, sat\u0131c\u0131, bayi, acente, ithalat\u00e7\u0131 ay\u0131pl\u0131 maldan ve t\u00fcketicinin bu maddede yer alan se\u00e7imlik haklar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 m\u00fcteselsilen sorumlu oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde sat\u0131c\u0131 ve \u00fcretici -ithalat\u00e7\u0131 daval\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan eldeki davada 4077 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un\u00a023.maddesi gere\u011fince davaya bakmaya t\u00fcketici mahkemesi g\u00f6revlidir. Mahkemece g\u00f6revsizlik karar\u0131 verilmesi gerekirken yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm tesisi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup bozmay\u0131 gerektirir.\u201d<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 13.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 14\/11\/2017 Tarihli 2016\/12992 Esas 2017\/11122 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 da ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ndedir; \u201c\u20266502 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcketici Yasas\u0131’n\u0131n\u00a011.maddesinin gerek\u00e7esi bu hususa a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k getirmektedir. Gerek\u00e7enin 6. paragraf\u0131nda\u201c S\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131ktan, s\u00f6zle\u015fme taraf\u0131 olarak \u00f6ncelikle sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sorumlu olmas\u0131 esast\u0131r. Ancak, t\u00fcketici sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kayboldu\u011fu durumlar da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere, ay\u0131ps\u0131z misli ile de\u011fi\u015ftirme veya \u00fccretsiz onar\u0131nm haklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcreticiye veya \u0130thalat\u00e7\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 da kullanabilir. \u00dcretici veya ithalat\u00e7\u0131 ile t\u00fcketici aras\u0131nda bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme ili\u015fkisi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcketici, \u00fcreticiye veya ithalat\u00e7\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 bir \u00f6deme yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nme hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak sat\u0131c\u0131ya \u00f6demi\u015f oldu\u011fu paray\u0131 \u00fcretici veya ithalat\u00e7\u0131dan geri almas\u0131 veya bedel indirimi hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. T\u00fcketici bu haklar\u0131n\u0131 ancak sat\u0131c\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 kullanabilir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u00fccretsiz onar\u0131m ve ay\u0131ps\u0131z misli ile de\u011fi\u015ftirmenin \u00fcreticiden veya ithalat\u00e7\u0131dan istenmesi anlaml\u0131d\u0131r. Zira elinde yeni mal bulunan veya o mal\u0131 gere\u011fi gibi onaracak olan \u00fcretici veya ithalat\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu hallerde, s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin nisbili\u011fi ilkesini a\u015farak t\u00fcketicinin do\u011frudan \u00fcreticiye veya ithalat\u00e7\u0131ya gidebilmesi kabul edilmi\u015ftir.\u201c a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
T\u00fcm bu hususlarla birlikte Yarg\u0131tay uygulamas\u0131 ve doktrinde ifade edildi\u011fi \u00fczere sat\u0131lan\u0131n, sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden beklenen amac\u0131 sa\u011flayacak nitelikleri ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gerekir. Sat\u0131c\u0131, sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini yaparken al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tuttu\u011fu tahsis ve kullanma y\u00f6n\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan onun de\u011ferini ve elveri\u015flili\u011fini kald\u0131ran ya da azaltan bir eksikli\u011fin bulunmamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flama borcu alt\u0131ndad\u0131r (Prof.Dr.Cevdet YAVUZ, T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Hukuku \u00d6zel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, 10.Bas\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2014, s.126). 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun \u201cAy\u0131ptan Sorumluluk\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen 219.maddesinde de; \u201c(1) Sat\u0131c\u0131, al\u0131c\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 herhangi bir surette bildirdi\u011fi niteliklerin sat\u0131landa bulunmamas\u0131 sebebiyle sorumlu oldu\u011fu gibi, nitelik veya niteli\u011fi etkileyen niceli\u011fine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olan, kullan\u0131m amac\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan de\u011ferini ve al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ondan bekledi\u011fi faydalar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131ran veya \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azaltan maddi, hukuki ya da ekonomik ay\u0131plar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131ndan da sorumlu olur.\u00a0(2) Sat\u0131c\u0131, bu ay\u0131plar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmese bile onlardan sorumludur.\u201d \u015feklinde d\u00fczenleme mevcuttur. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede Yarg\u0131tay 15.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 16.04.2019 Tarihli 2018\/4472 Esas 2019\/1813 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda gizli ay\u0131p; \u201c\u2026Gizli ay\u0131plar ise basit bir kontrol ve muayene ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmay\u0131p kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanmas\u0131ndan sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ay\u0131plard\u0131r.\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 24.05.2017 Tarihli 2017\/13-678 Esas 2017\/963 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da gizli ay\u0131p; \u201c\u2026durumun gerekli k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, muayene ile anla\u015f\u0131lamayan ay\u0131plar gizli ay\u0131pt\u0131r.\u201d \u015feklinde izah edilmi\u015ftir. Gizli ay\u0131p, \u00f6\u011fretide de sat\u0131lan\u0131n, g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclemeyip daha sonra, genellikle kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ay\u0131p olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r (Prof.Dr.Fikret EREN, Bor\u00e7lar Hukuku \u00d6zel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, 4.Bask\u0131, Ankara 2017, s.111 ; Do\u00e7.Dr.Burak ADIG\u00dcZEL, Tacirler Aras\u0131 Ticari Sat\u0131\u015f, Ankara 2020, s.141 ; Hakim Mehmet Akif TUTUMLU, Ay\u0131pl\u0131 Mal Hukuku, 2.Bask\u0131, Ankara 2023, s.85). Yarg\u0131tay 19.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 27.11.2019 Tarihli 2018\/371 Esas 2019\/5316 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da sat\u0131m konusunun ta\u015f\u0131ma arac\u0131 olmas\u0131 halinde gizli ay\u0131p hususu \u015fu \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir; \u201c\u2026servis kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesinde; servis taraf\u0131ndan bir k\u0131s\u0131m hizmetler verilmi\u015f ise de esas itibariyle ar\u0131zan\u0131n giderilemedi\u011fi ve en son 18\/03\/2015 tarihinde arac\u0131n yeniden ar\u0131zalanarak yolda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu durumun ARA\u00c7TA G\u0130ZL\u0130 AYIP BULUNDU\u011eUNU G\u00d6STERD\u0130\u011e\u0130, tespit raporunun 19\/03\/2015 tarihli olup davac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 23\/03\/2015 tarihinde daval\u0131ya ihtar \u00e7ekildi\u011fi, bu itibarla s\u00fcresinde ve usul\u00fcne uygun bir \u015fekilde ay\u0131p ihbar\u0131nda bulunuldu\u011fu, 0 km ara\u00e7ta bu kadar k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede bu denli ar\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n normal olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u2026\u201d Yarg\u0131tay 13.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 29.01.1987 Tarihli 13\/437 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da benzer y\u00f6nde bir de\u011ferlendirme mevcuttur; \u201c\u2026sat\u0131m konusu mal bir deniz motorudur. \u2026\u015eayet teslim al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma ile motordaki ar\u0131za anla\u015f\u0131lam\u0131yor ve ancak uzun s\u00fcreli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sonucunda ar\u0131za meydana \u00e7\u0131kabiliyorsa o takdirde bu ay\u0131ba gizli ay\u0131p denir.\u201d <\/p>\n
Gizli ay\u0131p kavram\u0131na yukar\u0131daki a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za 6502 say\u0131l\u0131 yasan\u0131n \u201c\u0130spat Y\u00fck\u00fc\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 10\/1.maddesi \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Nitekim bu d\u00fczenleme; \u201cTeslim tarihinden itibaren alt\u0131 ay i\u00e7inde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ay\u0131plar\u0131n, teslim tarihinde var oldu\u011fu kabul edilir. Bu durumda mal\u0131n ay\u0131pl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ispat\u0131 sat\u0131c\u0131ya aittir. Bu karine, mal\u0131n veya ay\u0131b\u0131n niteli\u011fi ile ba\u011fda\u015fm\u0131yor ise uygulanmaz.\u201d \u015feklindedir. Bu kapsamda t\u00fcketici hukukunda teslim tarihinden itibaren 6 ay i\u00e7inde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ay\u0131plar\u0131n teslim tarihinde var oldu\u011fu kabul edilir (Yarg\u0131tay 3.Hukuk Dairesi Onursal Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Nihat YAVUZ, Ay\u0131pl\u0131 \u0130fa, s.168). Burada kanun koyucu, t\u00fcketiciye y\u00f6nelik sat\u0131mlarda ilk alt\u0131 ay i\u00e7in ispat y\u00fck\u00fcnde yer de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine gitmi\u015ftir (Hakim Mehmet Akif TUTUMLU, Ay\u0131pl\u0131 Mal Hukuku, 2.Bask\u0131, s.810).\u00a0 Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede sat\u0131c\u0131, sat\u0131landaki ay\u0131plar\u0131 bilmese dahi bu ay\u0131plardan sorumludur (Yarg\u0131tay Hgk. 29\/03\/2017 T. 2017\/13-664 E. 2017\/573 K. ; Yarg\u0131tay 13.Hd. 22\/06\/2017 T. 2016\/27997 E. 2017\/7963 K.). Bu sonuca 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun 219\/2.maddesinden de var\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ankara B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 3.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 20\/01\/2021 Tarihli 2019\/2366 Esas 2021\/72 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 husus vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; \u201c\u2026Davac\u0131 dava konusu arac\u0131 16\/01\/2018 tarihinde alm\u0131\u015f, davay\u0131 ise 09\/02\/2018 tarihinde a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 6502 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 10\/1.maddesi uyar\u0131nca 6 AY \u0130\u00c7\u0130NDE MEYDANA GELEN AYIPLARIN TESL\u0130M ANINDA VAR OLDU\u011eU KABUL ED\u0130L\u0130R. Bu durumda ispat y\u00fck\u00fc \u00fczerinde bulunan daval\u0131 aksini ispat edememi\u015f, 6 ayl\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde ay\u0131b\u0131 daval\u0131ya bildiren davac\u0131 ise s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nerek bedel iadesine y\u00f6nelik se\u00e7im hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dava konusu ara\u00e7, sat\u0131\u015f tarihi itibariyle ay\u0131pl\u0131 mal niteli\u011findedir. Bu nedenle, mahkemece, 6502 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 11.maddesi uyar\u0131nca davac\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7imlik haklar\u0131ndan bedel iadesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne karar verilmesinde bir isabetsizlik g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.\u201d (Benzer Y\u00f6nde Ankara BAM 3.Hd. 04\/11\/2020 T. 2020\/1822 E. 2020\/1558 K. ; Ankara BAM 3.Hd. 14\/02\/2019 T. 2018\/1334 E. 2019\/278 K.).<\/p>\n
Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede 6502 say\u0131l\u0131 yasan\u0131n \u201cT\u00fcketicinin Se\u00e7imlik Haklar\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 11\/1.maddesinde; \u201c(1) Mal\u0131n ay\u0131pl\u0131 oldu\u011funun anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda t\u00fcketici; a) Sat\u0131lan\u0131 geri vermeye haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu bildirerek s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nme, b) Sat\u0131lan\u0131 al\u0131koyup ay\u0131p oran\u0131nda sat\u0131\u015f bedelinden indirim isteme, c) A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir masraf gerektirmedi\u011fi takdirde, b\u00fct\u00fcn masraflar\u0131 sat\u0131c\u0131ya ait olmak \u00fczere sat\u0131lan\u0131n \u00fccretsiz onar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteme, \u00e7) \u0130mk\u00e2n varsa, sat\u0131lan\u0131n ay\u0131ps\u0131z bir misli ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini isteme, se\u00e7imlik haklar\u0131ndan birini kullanabilir. Sat\u0131c\u0131, t\u00fcketicinin tercih etti\u011fi bu talebi yerine getirmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.\u201d d\u00fczenlemesine yer verilmi\u015f olup Yarg\u0131tay uygulamas\u0131 gere\u011fince de t\u00fcketicilere sat\u0131m\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen ara\u00e7larda gizli ay\u0131p bulunmas\u0131 halinde t\u00fcketiciler yasada belirtilen se\u00e7imlik haklar\u0131n\u0131 serbest\u00e7e kullanabilecektir. Yarg\u0131tay 11.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 14\/09\/2023 Tarihli 2022\/1353 Esas 2023\/5001 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da benzer hususlar vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; \u201c\u2026\u0130lk Derece Mahkemesi’nin yukar\u0131da tarih ve say\u0131s\u0131 belirtilen karar\u0131 ile ara\u00e7taki ay\u0131b\u0131n gizli ay\u0131p niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fu, ara\u00e7taki ay\u0131p nedeni ile birden fazla kez arac\u0131n servise g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc halde sorunun giderilemedi\u011fi, ARACIN SERV\u0130SE G\u00d6T\u00dcR\u00dcLMES\u0130N\u0130N \u0130HBAR OLARAK DE\u011eERLEND\u0130R\u0130LMES\u0130 GEREKT\u0130\u011e\u0130, bilirki\u015fi raporu ile de ay\u0131b\u0131n ve ara\u00e7tan beklenilen yarar\u0131n sa\u011flanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sabit oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esi ile davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne davac\u0131ya ait arac\u0131n daval\u0131ya iade edilmek ko\u015fulu ile ay\u0131ps\u0131z misli ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine karar verilmi\u015ftir. …ilk derece mahkemesi karar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na, kald\u0131r\u0131lan h\u00fckm\u00fcn yerine, davan\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile, davaya konu 2019 model arac\u0131n \u00fczerindeki takyidatlar\u0131ndan ari olarak daval\u0131ya iadesi ile t\u00fcm masraflar\u0131 daval\u0131ya ait olmak \u00fczere arac\u0131n ay\u0131ps\u0131z (0 km) misli ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine karar verilmi\u015ftir. \u2026Temyiz olunan B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi karar\u0131n\u0131n 6100 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 370. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca ONANMASINA, \u2026\u201d \u015feklinde h\u00fck\u00fcm tesis edilmi\u015ftir (Benzer Y\u00f6nde Karar: Yarg\u0131tay 3.Hd. 25.10.2023 T. 2023\/1040 E. 2023\/2902 K. ; Yarg\u0131tay 11.Hd. 26.11.2024 T. 2024\/128 E. 2024\/8322 K.).<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 3.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 21.09.2023 Tarihli 2022\/8352 Esas 2023\/2384 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 da ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ndedir; \u201c\u2026B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesinin yukar\u0131da tarih ve say\u0131s\u0131 belirtilen karar\u0131 ile, davaya konu arac\u0131n, sat\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve daval\u0131ya ihbar ile arac\u0131n yenisi ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi talebine dayanak te\u015fkil eden ar\u0131zalar\u0131 davan\u0131n devam\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda dahi tekrarlanmakla; bu kadar s\u00fcre servise giden, tamirine kar\u015f\u0131n tekrarlanan ar\u0131zalar ta\u015f\u0131yan ve talebin niteli\u011fine g\u00f6re daval\u0131 yanca yenisi verilmedik\u00e7e iade edilmesi de gerekmeyen ara\u00e7tan, yasan\u0131n arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlamda s\u00fcrekli yararlan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabule olanak bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ko\u015fullar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen arac\u0131n \u00fccretsiz yenisi ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi talebinin kabul\u00fcne karar verilmesi gerekti\u011finden davac\u0131n\u0131n istinaf ba\u015fvurusunun kabul\u00fcne; \u2026 1. T\u00fcketici Mahkemesinin \u2026 tarih, \u2026 Esas \u2026 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na, davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne; dava konusu … plakal\u0131 arac\u0131n daval\u0131lara iadesi halinde ay\u0131ps\u0131z misli ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine, infaz s\u0131ras\u0131nda ay\u0131pl\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn temin edilememesi halinde \u0130\u0130K\u2019n\u0131n 24 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesi gere\u011fince i\u015flem yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ve karar\u0131n infaz\u0131 an\u0131nda daval\u0131lar\u0131n m\u00fc\u015ftereken ve m\u00fcteselsilen sorumlu olduklar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zetilmesine karar verilmi\u015ftir. …Temyiz olunan B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi karar\u0131n\u0131n 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 370 … maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca ONANMASINA, \u2026\u201d<\/p>\n
Burada ar\u0131zan\u0131n devam etmesi halinde garanti kapsam\u0131nda onar\u0131m hakk\u0131 kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa bile bedel iadesi veya de\u011fi\u015fim se\u00e7imlik hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131labilece\u011fine dair Yarg\u0131tay 13.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 01\/03\/2016 Tarihli 2015\/3271 Esas 2016\/6288 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 da \u00f6nemlidir. Ankara B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 3.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 28\/02\/2019 Tarihli 2018\/1397 Esas 2019\/361 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da benzer hususlar vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; \u201c\u2026Her ne kadar daval\u0131 sat\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan, dava konusu ara\u00e7 ar\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n davac\u0131n\u0131n \u00fccretsiz onar\u0131m se\u00e7imlik hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131yla yetkili servis taraf\u0131ndan giderildi\u011fi ve se\u00e7imlik hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanan t\u00fcketicinin daha sonra s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nerek bedel iadesi isteyemeyece\u011fi savunulmu\u015f ise de; daval\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu savunmas\u0131n\u0131 ispatlayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, yerel mahkemece do\u011fru olarak de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi \u00fczere salt \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn servise verilmesinin \u00fccretsiz onar\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanma olarak de\u011ferlendirilemeyece\u011fi ve bu kapsamda servisin davac\u0131n\u0131n onar\u0131m talebini almaks\u0131z\u0131n kendili\u011finden \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc onarmas\u0131n\u0131n eldeki davada davac\u0131n\u0131n bedel iadesi isteme se\u00e7imlik hakk\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmayaca\u011f\u0131, bu durumda da davac\u0131n\u0131n ay\u0131pl\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc kabul etmeye ve kullanmaya zorlanamayaca\u011f\u0131 ve \u00fcr\u00fcnden beklenen fayday\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131n\u0131n da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, sonu\u00e7 olarak davac\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nme \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi ve ticari \u015firket olan daval\u0131 aleyhine avans faizine h\u00fckmedilebilece\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmakla, mahkemenin bu y\u00f6ndeki kabul\u00fcnde bir isabetsizlik g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.\u201d Ankara B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 3.Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 14\/02\/2019 Tarihli 2018\/1334 Esas 2019\/278 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131n da ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ndedir; \u201c\u2026salt \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn servise verilmesinin \u00fccretsiz onar\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanma olarak de\u011ferlendirilemeyece\u011fi ve bu kapsamda servisin davac\u0131n\u0131n onar\u0131m talebini almaks\u0131z\u0131n kendili\u011finden \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc onarmas\u0131n\u0131n eldeki davada davac\u0131n\u0131n an\u0131lan Kanun kapsam\u0131nda bedel iadesi se\u00e7imlik hakk\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmayaca\u011f\u0131, \u00f6te yandan servis kay\u0131tlar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00fcr\u00fcnde ba\u015fka sorunlar\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu, bu durumda davac\u0131n\u0131n ay\u0131pl\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc kabul etmeye ve kullanmaya zorlanamayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi belirtilen haliyle b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bozuldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerden beklenen fayday\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131n\u0131n da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, sonu\u00e7 olarak davac\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nme \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi ve bu halin sat\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7in ne gibi orant\u0131s\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckleri beraberinde getirece\u011finin ise ispatlanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmakla yerel mahkemece davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne karar verilmesi gerekirken, \u2026\u201d<\/p>\n
SONU\u00c7 OLARAK ; 6502 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcketicinin Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un \u201cT\u00fcketici Mahkemeleri\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 73\/1.maddesinde yer alan; \u201cT\u00fcketici i\u015flemleri ile t\u00fcketiciye y\u00f6nelik uygulamalardan do\u011fabilecek uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klara ili\u015fkin davalarda t\u00fcketici mahkemeleri g\u00f6revlidir.\u201d d\u00fczenlemesi gere\u011fi t\u00fcketici s\u0131fat\u0131na sahip ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fcketici i\u015flemlerine dair a\u00e7\u0131lacak davalarda t\u00fcketici mahkemeleri g\u00f6revlidir. Ayn\u0131 yasan\u0131n 73\/5.maddesinde yer alan; \u201cT\u00fcketici davalar\u0131, t\u00fcketicinin yerle\u015fim yerinin bulundu\u011fu yerdeki t\u00fcketici mahkemesinde de a\u00e7\u0131labilir.\u201d d\u00fczenlemesi gere\u011fince ise t\u00fcketiciye kendi yerle\u015fim yeri mahkemesinde dava a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olup bu d\u00fczenleme \u00f6zel bir yetki h\u00fckm\u00fc niteli\u011findedir. Bu madde t\u00fcketicinin hak aramas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla getirilmi\u015ftir. Yasan\u0131n \u201cT\u00fcketicinin Se\u00e7imlik Haklar\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 11\/2.maddesinde mevcut \u201c\u00dccretsiz onar\u0131m veya mal\u0131n ay\u0131ps\u0131z misli ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi haklar\u0131 \u00fcretici veya ithalat\u00e7\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 da kullan\u0131labilir. Bu f\u0131kradaki haklar\u0131n yerine getirilmesi konusunda sat\u0131c\u0131, \u00fcretici ve ithalat\u00e7\u0131 m\u00fcteselsilen sorumludur. \u00dcretici veya ithalat\u00e7\u0131, mal\u0131n kendisi taraf\u0131ndan piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclmesinden sonra ay\u0131b\u0131n do\u011fdu\u011funu ispat etti\u011fi takdirde sorumlu tutulmaz.\u201d d\u00fczenlemesi uyar\u0131nca ise t\u00fcketicinin \u00fccretsiz onar\u0131m veya mal\u0131n ay\u0131ps\u0131z misli ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi hakk\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 sat\u0131c\u0131, \u00fcretici ve ithalat\u00e7\u0131 m\u00fcteselsil sorumludur. Son olarak yasan\u0131n \u201c\u0130spat Y\u00fck\u00fc\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 10\/1.maddesi uyar\u0131nca teslim tarihinden itibaren 6 ay i\u00e7inde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ay\u0131plar\u0131n teslim tarihinde var oldu\u011fu kabul edilmekte olup kanun koyucu burada t\u00fcketiciye y\u00f6nelik sat\u0131mlarda ilk alt\u0131 ay i\u00e7in ispat y\u00fck\u00fcnde yer de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine gitmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede sat\u0131c\u0131, sat\u0131landaki ay\u0131plar\u0131 bilmese dahi bu ay\u0131plardan sorumludur.\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
6502 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcketicinin Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un \u201cKapsam\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 2.maddesinde; \u201cBu Kanun, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc t\u00fcketici i\u015flemi ile t\u00fcketiciye y\u00f6nelik uygulamalar\u0131 kapsar.\u201d \u015feklinde d\u00fczenleme mevcuttur. Ayn\u0131 yasan\u0131n \u201cTan\u0131mlar\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 3.maddesinde ise t\u00fcketici; \u201cTicari veya mesleki olmayan ama\u00e7larla hareket eden ger\u00e7ek veya t\u00fczel ki\u015fi\u201d olarak, T\u00fcketici \u0130\u015flemi ise; \u201cMal veya hizmet piyasalar\u0131nda kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fileri de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere ticari veya mesleki ama\u00e7larla hareket eden veya onun ad\u0131na ya da hesab\u0131na hareket eden ger\u00e7ek veya t\u00fczel ki\u015filer ile t\u00fcketiciler aras\u0131nda kurulan, eser, ta\u015f\u0131ma, simsarl\u0131k, sigorta, vek\u00e2let, bankac\u0131l\u0131k ve benzeri s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere her t\u00fcrl\u00fc s\u00f6zle\u015fme ve hukuki i\u015flem\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 maddede \u00dcretici ise; \u201c\u2026t\u00fcketiciye sunulmu\u015f olan mal ya da bu mallar\u0131n hammaddelerini yahut ara mallar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretenler ile mal \u00fczerine markas\u0131n\u0131, unvan\u0131n\u0131 veya herhangi bir ay\u0131rt edici i\u015faretini koyarak kendisini \u00fcretici olarak g\u00f6steren ger\u00e7ek veya t\u00fczel ki\u015fi\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 yasan\u0131n \u201cT\u00fcketici Mahkemeleri\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 73\/1.maddesinde ise; \u201cT\u00fcketici i\u015flemleri ile t\u00fcketiciye y\u00f6nelik uygulamalardan do\u011fabilecek uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klara ili\u015fkin davalarda t\u00fcketici mahkemeleri g\u00f6revlidir.\u201d d\u00fczenlemesine yer verilmi\u015ftir. Bu kapsamda t\u00fcketici s\u0131fat\u0131na sahip ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fcketici i\u015flemlerine dair a\u00e7\u0131lacak davalarda t\u00fcketici mahkemeleri g\u00f6revlidir (Hakim Mehmet Akif TUTUMLU, Ay\u0131pl\u0131 Mal Hukuku, 2.Bask\u0131, Ankara 2023, s.602). Burada t\u00fcketici mahkemelerinin rakam itibariyle t\u00fcketici hakem heyeti s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde kalan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klara bakmakla …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-50263","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n