ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/102<\/p>\n
Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2025\/18<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi : 16\/1\/2025<\/p>\n
R.G.Tarih-Say\u0131 : 14\/3\/2025-32841<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: Hassa Sulh Hukuk Mahkemesi<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 22\/11\/2001 tarihli ve 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 651. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 35. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptaline karar verilmesi talebidir.<\/p>\n
OLAY: Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi davas\u0131nda itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN KANUN H\u00dcKM\u00dc<\/p>\n
Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu kural\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 651. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201cIII. Baz\u0131 mallar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fclenmesi veya sat\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n
Madde 651- De\u011ferinde \u00f6nemli azalma olmadan b\u00f6l\u00fcnemeyen tereke mal\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak miras\u00e7\u0131lardan birine \u00f6zg\u00fclenir. <\/p>\n
Miras\u00e7\u0131lar bir tereke mal\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi veya \u00f6zg\u00fclenmesi konusunda anla\u015famazlarsa, o mal sat\u0131l\u0131r ve bedeli b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. <\/p>\n
Miras\u00e7\u0131lardan biri istemde bulunursa sat\u0131\u015f art\u0131rma yoluyla yap\u0131l\u0131r. Miras\u00e7\u0131lar art\u0131rman\u0131n \u015fekli konusunda anla\u015famazlarsa sulh h\u00e2kimi, art\u0131rman\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda veya herkese a\u00e7\u0131k yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verir.\u201d<\/p>\n
II. \u0130LK \u0130NCELEME<\/p>\n
1. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR, Muhterem \u0130NCE, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L ve \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR\u2019\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 30\/5\/2024 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda dosyada eksiklik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015fin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. ESASIN \u0130NCELENMES\u0130<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131 ve ekleri, Raport\u00f6rler \u00d6mer DURSUN ve Onur MERCAN taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan i\u015fin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin rapor, itiraz konusu kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc, dayan\u0131lan ve ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fclen Anayasa kurallar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n gerek\u00e7eleri ile di\u011fer yasama belgeleri okunup incelendikten sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. Anlam ve Kapsam<\/p>\n
3. 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 575. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda miras\u0131n miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle a\u00e7\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ve miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu mirasla ilgili kazand\u0131rmalar ile payla\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n terekenin \u00f6l\u00fcm an\u0131ndaki durumuna g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4. An\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 599. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle miras\u0131 bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak kanun gere\u011fince kazanacaklar\u0131, ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda Kanun\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ayr\u0131k durumlar sakl\u0131 kalmak \u015fart\u0131yla miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n ayni haklar\u0131n\u0131, alacaklar\u0131n\u0131, di\u011fer mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 haklar\u0131n\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r ile ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar \u00fczerindeki zilyetliklerini do\u011frudan do\u011fruya kazanacaklar\u0131 ve miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n bor\u00e7lar\u0131ndan ki\u015fisel olarak sorumlu olacaklar\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
5. S\u00f6z konusu maddenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise atanm\u0131\u015f miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n da miras\u0131 miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle kazanacaklar\u0131, yasal miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n atanm\u0131\u015f miras\u00e7\u0131lara d\u00fc\u015fen miras\u0131 onlara zilyetlik h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca teslim etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olduklar\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
6. Kanun\u2019un 640. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda birden \u00e7ok miras\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde miras\u0131n ge\u00e7mesiyle birlikte miras\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na kadar miras\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda terekedeki b\u00fct\u00fcn hak ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131 kapsayan bir ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n meydana gelece\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015f, 646. ve devam\u0131 maddelerinde de miras\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemelere yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
7. Bu kapsamda 651. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda de\u011ferinde \u00f6nemli azalma olmadan b\u00f6l\u00fcnemeyen tereke mal\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak miras\u00e7\u0131lardan birine \u00f6zg\u00fclenece\u011fi, itiraz konusu ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n bir tereke mal\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi veya \u00f6zg\u00fclenmesi konusunda anla\u015famamalar\u0131 h\u00e2linde o mal\u0131n sat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ve bedelinin b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
8. Bu itibarla kural uyar\u0131nca miras\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n bir tereke mal\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi veya miras\u00e7\u0131lardan birine \u00f6zg\u00fclenmesi konusunda anla\u015famamalar\u0131 durumunda bu mal sat\u0131lacak ve elde edilen tutar miras\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclecektir.<\/p>\n
B. \u0130tiraz\u0131n Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
9. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle; itiraz konusu kuralda terekedeki ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerinde muhdesat bulunmas\u0131 durumunda uygulanacak bir d\u00fczenlemeye yer verilmedi\u011fi, bu husustaki bo\u015flu\u011fun i\u00e7tihatla doldurulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ancak geli\u015fen \u015fartlar\u0131n da etkisiyle mevcut yasal bo\u015flu\u011fun hakkaniyetle ba\u011fda\u015fmayan durumlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden oldu\u011fu belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 35. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
C. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
10. 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kural, ilgisi nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 5. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
11. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesinde \u201cHerkes, m\u00fclkiyet ve miras haklar\u0131na sahiptir.\u201d denilmek suretiyle m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra miras hakk\u0131 da g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
12. An\u0131lan maddeye ili\u015fkin Dan\u0131\u015fma Meclisinin kabul etti\u011fi metnin gerek\u00e7esinde \u00f6zetle; maddede birbirine yak\u0131n ve birbirleriyle ilgili iki temel hakk\u0131n d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi, bu d\u00fczenlemenin 18. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan beri gelen gelene\u011fin bir sonucu oldu\u011fu, maddeyle m\u00fclkiyet ve miras haklar\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer temel haklar gibi ve onlar derecesinde anayasal g\u00fcvenceye ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayr\u0131ca miras hakk\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6zel bir \u015feklini olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
13. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 5. maddesinde \u201cDevletin temel ama\u00e7 ve g\u00f6revleri, T\u00fcrk milletinin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, \u00fclkenin b\u00f6l\u00fcnmezli\u011fini, Cumhuriyeti ve demokrasiyi korumak, ki\u015filerin ve toplumun refah, huzur ve mutlulu\u011funu sa\u011flamak; ki\u015finin temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlerini, sosyal hukuk devleti ve adalet ilkeleriyle ba\u011fda\u015fmayacak surette s\u0131n\u0131rlayan siyasal, ekonomik ve sosyal engelleri kald\u0131rmaya, insan\u0131n maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in gerekli \u015fartlar\u0131 haz\u0131rlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakt\u0131r.\u201d denilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
14. S\u00f6z konusu maddeye ili\u015fkin Dan\u0131\u015fma Meclisinin kabul etti\u011fi metnin gerek\u00e7esinde ise \u00f6zetle; maddede devletin temel ama\u00e7 ve g\u00f6revlerinin d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi, bu ba\u011flamda temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerden yararlan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen sebepleri ortadan kald\u0131rman\u0131n sosyal devletin g\u00f6revi oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
15. Bu itibarla miras hakk\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131lmas\u0131na engel olan durumlar\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak d\u00fczenlenmelerin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesi miras hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin devletin pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinin bir gere\u011fidir.<\/p>\n
16. Kuralda miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n bir tereke mal\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi veya miras\u00e7\u0131lardan birine \u00f6zg\u00fclenmesi konusunda anla\u015famamalar\u0131 durumunda an\u0131lan mal\u0131n sat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ve bedelinin b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
17. 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 701. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda kanun veya kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler uyar\u0131nca olu\u015fan topluluk dolay\u0131s\u0131yla mallara birlikte malik olanlar\u0131n m\u00fclkiyetinin elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyeti oldu\u011fu, ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyeti kapsam\u0131nda ortaklar\u0131n belirlenmi\u015f paylar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, her birinin hakk\u0131n\u0131n ortakl\u0131\u011fa giren mallar\u0131n tamam\u0131na yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
18. An\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 640. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda da miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n terekeye elbirli\u011fiyle sahip olacaklar\u0131 ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme veya kanundan do\u011fan temsil ya da y\u00f6netim yetkisi sakl\u0131 kalmak \u015fart\u0131yla terekeye ait b\u00fct\u00fcn haklar \u00fczerinde birlikte tasarruf edecekleri belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
19. Buna g\u00f6re tereke mallar\u0131n\u0131n elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyeti h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine tabi oldu\u011fu, bu ba\u011flamda an\u0131lan mallar \u00fczerinde miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ilke olarak birlikte tasarrufta bulunmalar\u0131n\u0131n gerekti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle ilke olarak miras payla\u015f\u0131lana kadar miras\u00e7\u0131lardan birinin tereke mal\u0131 \u00fczerinde tek ba\u015f\u0131na tasarrufta bulunabilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
20. Kanun\u2019un 646. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yasal miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n gerek kendi aralar\u0131nda gerek atanm\u0131\u015f miras\u00e7\u0131larla birlikte miras\u0131 ayn\u0131 kurallara g\u00f6re payla\u015facaklar\u0131, ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda aksine d\u00fczenleme olmad\u0131k\u00e7a miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n payla\u015fman\u0131n nas\u0131l yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 serbest\u00e7e kararla\u015ft\u0131racaklar\u0131 h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
21. 647. maddede miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcme ba\u011fl\u0131 tasarrufuyla payla\u015fman\u0131n nas\u0131l yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ve paylar\u0131n nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulaca\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmler koyabilece\u011fi, ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin miras b\u0131rakan taraf\u0131ndan kastedilmemi\u015f olan bir e\u015fitsizlik h\u00e2linde paylar\u0131n denkle\u015ftirilmesi imk\u00e2n\u0131 sakl\u0131 kalmak \u015fart\u0131yla miras\u00e7\u0131lar i\u00e7in ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
22. Buna g\u00f6re miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n belirledi\u011fi bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde miras\u0131n ne \u015fekilde payla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan serbest\u00e7e kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
23. Bununla birlikte miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n miras\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda anla\u015famamalar\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla miras\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda miras\u00e7\u0131lara tan\u0131nan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn miras hakk\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin tek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterli g\u00fcvence sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
24. Bu itibarla miras\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda miras\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin anla\u015fman\u0131n sa\u011flanamamas\u0131 durumunda uygulanacak d\u00fczenlemelerin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesi miras hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin devletin pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri kapsam\u0131nda kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
25. Kanun\u2019un 642. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda miras\u00e7\u0131lardan her birinin s\u00f6zle\u015fme veya kanun gere\u011fince ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece her zaman miras\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilece\u011fi, ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda her miras\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n terekedeki belirli mallar\u0131n aynen, olanak yoksa sat\u0131\u015f yoluyla payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmesini sulh mahkemesinden talep edebilece\u011fi, bu durumda h\u00e2kimin terekenin tamam\u0131n\u0131 ve terekedeki mallar\u0131n her birini g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmak suretiyle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ise ta\u015f\u0131nmazlardan her birinin tamam\u0131n\u0131n bir miras\u00e7\u0131ya verilmesi suretiyle payla\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 yapaca\u011f\u0131, miras\u00e7\u0131lara verilen ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n de\u011ferleri aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131n para \u00f6denmesi yoluyla giderilerek miras paylar\u0131 aras\u0131nda denkle\u015ftirmenin sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
26. An\u0131lan maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde miras\u00e7\u0131lardan her birine tereke mallar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n ya da bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etme imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla payla\u015fman\u0131n k\u0131smen dahi yap\u0131labilmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu t\u00fcr bir talep kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikle aynen payla\u015fman\u0131n esas al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131, bunun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131 durumunda ise payla\u015fman\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f yoluyla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilece\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
27. Miras\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda paylar\u0131n belirlenmesi ise 650. maddede d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n tereke mallar\u0131ndan miras\u00e7\u0131 veya ortak k\u00f6k say\u0131s\u0131nca pay olu\u015fturacaklar\u0131, anla\u015fman\u0131n sa\u011flanamamas\u0131 durumunda miras\u00e7\u0131lardan her birinin paylar\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131 sulh mahkemesinden isteyebilece\u011fi, paylar\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda h\u00e2kimin yerel \u00e2detleri, miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ki\u015fisel durumlar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun arzusunu g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduraca\u011f\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda paylar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fclenmesinin miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n anla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, bunun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131 durumunda ise kura \u00e7ekilece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
28. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla miras paylar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n iradesine \u00f6ncelik tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n anla\u015famamalar\u0131 durumunda ise paylar\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda h\u00e2kimin dikkate alaca\u011f\u0131 hususlar\u0131n d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi, ayr\u0131ca paylar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fclenmesi konusunda miras\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde uygulanacak makul bir y\u00f6ntemin belirlendi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
29. Miras\u0131n aynen payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda belirli mallar\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi durumunda de\u011ferinde \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalman\u0131n meydana gelmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu ba\u011flamda 651. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda de\u011ferinde \u00f6nemli azalma olmadan b\u00f6l\u00fcnemeyen tereke mal\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak miras\u00e7\u0131lardan birine \u00f6zg\u00fclenece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmek suretiyle mal\u0131n de\u011ferinin korunmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
30. \u00d6te yandan belirli bir mal\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi veya miras\u00e7\u0131lardan birine \u00f6zg\u00fclenmesi konusunda da miras\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00e7\u0131kabilece\u011fi g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmak suretiyle kuralla miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n bir tereke mal\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi veya \u00f6zg\u00fclenmesi konusunda anla\u015famamalar\u0131 durumunda o mal\u0131n sat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bedelinin b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
31. Buna g\u00f6re tereke mal\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi veya \u00f6zg\u00fclenmesi konusunda miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n anla\u015fmalar\u0131 durumunda miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n iradelerine \u00f6ncelik tan\u0131nacakt\u0131r. Anla\u015fman\u0131n sa\u011flanamamas\u0131 durumunda ise miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n miras hakk\u0131ndan yararlanabilmeleri i\u00e7in kural gere\u011fince mal sat\u0131lacak ve mal\u0131n bedeli b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclecektir.<\/p>\n
32. Bu bak\u0131mdan kural\u0131n miras hakk\u0131ndan yararlanmay\u0131 engelleyen bir durumun ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kural uyar\u0131nca tereke mal\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131l\u0131p bedelinin b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi miras hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin devletin y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinin bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
33. An\u0131lan maddenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda miras\u00e7\u0131lardan birinin talep etmesi h\u00e2linde sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n art\u0131rma yoluyla yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n art\u0131rman\u0131n \u015fekli konusunda anla\u015famamalar\u0131 durumunda ise sulh h\u00e2kiminin art\u0131rman\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda veya herkese a\u00e7\u0131k olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
34. Kanun\u2019un 4. maddesinde kanunun takdir yetkisi tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya durumun gereklerini ya da hakl\u0131 sebepleri g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmay\u0131 emretti\u011fi konularda h\u00e2kimin hukuka ve hakkaniyete g\u00f6re karar verece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bu ba\u011flamda h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n menfaatleriyle ba\u011fda\u015fmayan bir sat\u0131\u015f y\u00f6nteminin veya art\u0131rma usul\u00fcn\u00fcn belirlenmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu savunulamaz.<\/p>\n
35. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131nda; kuralda ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerinde muhdesat bulunmas\u0131 durumunda uygulanacak bir d\u00fczenlemeye yer verilmedi\u011fi, i\u00e7tihat uyar\u0131nca yarg\u0131lama a\u015famas\u0131nda belirlenen arz-muhdesat oran\u0131n\u0131n ise sat\u0131\u015f a\u015famas\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015febildi\u011fi ve bu durumun m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 zedeledi\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de an\u0131lan hususlar uygulamaya ili\u015fkin oldu\u011fundan anayasall\u0131k denetiminin konusu d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
36. Bu itibarla tereke mal\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi veya \u00f6zg\u00fclenmesi konusunda miras\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 makul bir y\u00f6ntemle \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan, ayr\u0131ca bu mal\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n menfaatleriyle ba\u011fda\u015fmayacak ve de\u011ferinin alt\u0131nda sat\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olacak bir y\u00f6n\u00fc bulunmayan kural\u0131n miras hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin devletin pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleriyle \u00e7eli\u015fmedi\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
37. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 5. ve 35. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130tiraz\u0131n reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesiyle ilgisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
IV. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
22\/11\/2001 tarihli ve 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 651. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve itiraz\u0131n REDD\u0130NE 16\/1\/2025 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verildi.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Metin KIRATLI<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 16\/1\/2025 tarihli, 2024\/102 esas – 2025\/18 karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI \u00a0 Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/102 Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2025\/18 Karar Tarihi : 16\/1\/2025 R.G.Tarih-Say\u0131 : 14\/3\/2025-32841 \u00a0 \u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: Hassa Sulh Hukuk Mahkemesi \u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 22\/11\/2001 tarihli ve 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 651. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 35. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptaline karar verilmesi talebidir. OLAY: Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi davas\u0131nda itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur. I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN KANUN H\u00dcKM\u00dc Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu kural\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 651. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u201cIII. Baz\u0131 mallar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fclenmesi veya sat\u0131lmas\u0131 Madde 651- De\u011ferinde \u00f6nemli azalma olmadan b\u00f6l\u00fcnemeyen tereke mal\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak miras\u00e7\u0131lardan birine \u00f6zg\u00fclenir. Miras\u00e7\u0131lar bir tereke mal\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi veya \u00f6zg\u00fclenmesi konusunda anla\u015famazlarsa, o mal sat\u0131l\u0131r ve bedeli b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Miras\u00e7\u0131lardan biri istemde bulunursa sat\u0131\u015f art\u0131rma yoluyla yap\u0131l\u0131r. Miras\u00e7\u0131lar art\u0131rman\u0131n \u015fekli konusunda anla\u015famazlarsa sulh h\u00e2kimi, art\u0131rman\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda veya herkese a\u00e7\u0131k yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verir.\u201d II. \u0130LK \u0130NCELEME 1. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR, Muhterem \u0130NCE, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L ve \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR\u2019\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 30\/5\/2024 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda dosyada eksiklik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015fin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir. III. ESASIN \u0130NCELENMES\u0130 2. Ba\u015fvuru …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35654","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n