ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/112<\/p>\n
Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/160<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi : 24\/9\/2024<\/p>\n
R.G.Tarih-Say\u0131 : 21\/11\/2024-32729<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: Ankara 19. \u0130dare Mahkemesi<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 15\/7\/1950 tarihli ve 5682 say\u0131l\u0131 Pasaport Kanunu\u2019nun 28\/5\/1988 tarihli ve 3463 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 22. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinin \u201c\u2026memleketten ayr\u0131lmalar\u0131nda genel g\u00fcvenlik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan mahzur bulundu\u011fu \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca tespit edilenlere\u2026\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 13. ve 23. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptaline karar verilmesi talebidir.<\/p>\n
OLAY: Pasaportta bulunan tahdidin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 istemiyle yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvurunun reddine dair i\u015flemin iptali talebiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davada itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN KANUN H\u00dcKM\u00dc<\/p>\n
Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu kural\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 22. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201cPasaport veya vesika verilmesi yasak olan haller:<\/p>\n
Madde 22 \u2013 (De\u011fi\u015fik: 28\/5\/1988 – 3463\/3 md.)<\/p>\n
Yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131; mahkemelerce yasaklananlara, memleketten ayr\u0131lmalar\u0131nda genel g\u00fcvenlik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan mahzur bulundu\u011fu \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca tespit edilenlere ve ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctlerine aidiyeti, iltisak\u0131 veya irtibat\u0131 belirlenen yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc e\u011fitim, \u00f6\u011fretim ve sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ile vak\u0131f, dernek veya \u015firketlerin kurucu ve y\u00f6neticisi oldu\u011fu veya bu yerlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca tespit edilenlere (\u2026) pasaport veya seyahat vesikas\u0131 verilmez. Ancak, yabanc\u0131 memleketlere gitmeleri mahkemelerce yasaklananlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalanlara, zaruri hallerde Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n onay\u0131 ile pasaport veya pasaport yerine ge\u00e7en seyahat vesikas\u0131 verilebilir. <\/p>\n
Bu durumda olanlar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k kimlikleri (ad\u0131, soyad\u0131, do\u011fum yeri ve tarihi, ana ve baba ad\u0131 ile n\u00fcfusa kay\u0131tl\u0131 oldu\u011fu yer) ve tahdit sebebi, ilgili daireler taraf\u0131ndan mahallin polis makamlar\u0131na bildirilir.<\/p>\n
\u0130lgili polis makamlar\u0131 da bu bilgileri al\u0131r almaz ba\u011fl\u0131 bulundu\u011fu il emniyet m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kanal\u0131yla en seri haberle\u015fme arac\u0131yla yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak hudut kap\u0131s\u0131 bulunan emniyet m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine, \u015fahs\u0131n n\u00fcfusa kay\u0131tl\u0131 oldu\u011fu il emniyet m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ve Emniyet Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne bildirir.<\/p>\n
Bunlar\u0131n yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 engellenir ve kendilerine pasaport veya vesika verilmez, verilmi\u015fse geri al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Birinci f\u0131krada yaz\u0131l\u0131 makamlar taraf\u0131ndan pasaport verilmesi veya yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 yasaklananlarla, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalmalar\u0131nda genel g\u00fcvenlik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan mahzur bulundu\u011fu tespit edilenlerin s\u00fcreleri dolan pasaportlar\u0131 yenilenmez, kendilerine T\u00fcrkiye’ye d\u00f6nmeleri i\u00e7in seyahat vesikas\u0131 verilir.<\/p>\n
Pasaport veya pasaport yerine ge\u00e7en vesikalar\u0131 kaybedenlerden, bunu hakl\u0131 bir sebebe dayand\u0131ramayanlarla bulunduklar\u0131 \u00fclkelerden s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmi\u015f olanlara, bu \u00fclkelerden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131\u015f sebepleri g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde tutularak pasaport veya vesika verilmeyebilir.\u201d<\/p>\n
II. \u0130LK \u0130NCELEME<\/p>\n
1. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR, Muhterem \u0130NCE, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L ve \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR\u2019\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 30\/5\/2024 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda dosyada eksiklik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015fin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. ESASIN \u0130NCELENMES\u0130<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131 ve ekleri, Raport\u00f6r Cem G\u00dcNDO\u011eDU taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan i\u015fin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin rapor, itiraz konusu kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc, dayan\u0131lan Anayasa kurallar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n gerek\u00e7eleri ile di\u011fer yasama belgeleri okunup incelendikten sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. \u0130tiraz\u0131n Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
3. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle; itiraz konusu kural gere\u011fince herhangi bir mahkeme karar\u0131 aranmaks\u0131z\u0131n idari kararla yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak Anayasa h\u00fckm\u00fc uyar\u0131nca s\u00f6z konusu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn sadece su\u00e7 soru\u015fturmas\u0131 veya kovu\u015fturmas\u0131 sebebiyle h\u00e2kim karar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilece\u011fi belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 13. ve 23. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
B. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
4. \u0130tiraz konusu kuralda \u00fclkeden ayr\u0131lmalar\u0131nda genel g\u00fcvenlik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan mahzur bulundu\u011fu \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca (Bakanl\u0131k) tespit edilenlere pasaport veya seyahat vesikas\u0131n\u0131n verilmeyece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
5. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 23. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda herkesin yerle\u015fme ve seyahat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sahip oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015f, ayn\u0131 maddenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise seyahat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zel g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc olan yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
6. 5682 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun uyar\u0131nca T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kabilmeleri i\u00e7in ilke olarak muteber bir pasaport veya pasaport yerine ge\u00e7erli bir vesika sahibi olmalar\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bu bak\u0131mdan kural uyar\u0131nca \u00fclkeden ayr\u0131lmalar\u0131nda genel g\u00fcvenlik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan mahzur bulundu\u011fu Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a tespit edilenlere pasaport veya seyahat vesikas\u0131 verilmemesi h\u00e2linde bu ki\u015filerin hukuka uygun bi\u00e7imde yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kabilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayacakt\u0131r. Bu durum ise Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 23. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne getirilmi\u015f bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama niteli\u011findedir.<\/p>\n
7. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde \u201cTemel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler, \u00f6zlerine dokunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca Anayasan\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar, Anayasan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin ve l\u00e2ik Cumhuriyetin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u201d denilmektedir. Buna g\u00f6re yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n kanunla yap\u0131lmas\u0131, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 23. maddesinde belirtilen s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebeplerine ve g\u00fcvencelere ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmamas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
8. Bu kapsamda yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlamaya y\u00f6nelik bir kanuni d\u00fczenlemenin \u015feklen var olmas\u0131 yeterli olmay\u0131p yasal kurallar\u0131n keyf\u00eeli\u011fe izin vermeyecek \u015fekilde belirli, ula\u015f\u0131labilir ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir nitelikte olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
9. Esasen temel haklar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlayan kanunun bu niteliklere sahip olmas\u0131, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde g\u00fcvenceye ba\u011flanan hukuk devleti ilkesinin de bir gere\u011fidir. Hukuk devletinde kanuni d\u00fczenlemelerin hem ki\u015filer hem de idare y\u00f6n\u00fcnden herhangi bir duraksamaya ve ku\u015fkuya yer vermeyecek \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k, net, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r, uygulanabilir ve nesnel olmas\u0131, ayr\u0131ca kamu otoritelerinin keyf\u00ee uygulamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu \u00f6nlem i\u00e7ermesi gerekir. Kanunda bulunmas\u0131 gereken bu nitelikler hukuki g\u00fcvenli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da zorunludur. Zira bu ilke hukuk normlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131, bireylerin t\u00fcm eylem ve i\u015flemlerinde devlete g\u00fcven duyabilmesini, devletin de yasal d\u00fczenlemelerinde bu g\u00fcven duygusunu zedeleyici y\u00f6ntemlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lar (AYM, E.2015\/41, K.2017\/98, 4\/5\/2017, \u00a7\u00a7 153, 154). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde s\u0131n\u0131rlama \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc olarak belirtilen kanunilik, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde g\u00fcvenceye ba\u011flanan hukuk devleti ilkesi \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yorumlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
10. Kural, Bakanl\u0131\u011fa, memleketten ayr\u0131lmalar\u0131nda genel g\u00fcvenlik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan mahzur bulunanlar\u0131 tespit etme yetkisi vermekle birlikte idareye tan\u0131nan bu yetkinin kapsam ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 kuraldan anla\u015f\u0131lamamaktad\u0131r. Bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle kural\u0131n belirsizli\u011fe yol a\u00e7abilecek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde farkl\u0131 yorumlara ve uygulamalara elveri\u015fli oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu nedenle kural\u0131n belirli ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle kanunilik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
11. Kald\u0131 ki yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesi gere\u011fince Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebeplerine de uygun olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
12. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 23. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cVatanda\u015f\u0131n yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kma h\u00fcrriyeti, ancak su\u00e7 soru\u015fturmas\u0131 veya kovu\u015fturmas\u0131 sebebiyle h\u00e2kim karar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir.\u201d denilmek suretiyle vatanda\u015f\u0131n yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn sadece su\u00e7 soru\u015fturmas\u0131 veya kovu\u015fturmas\u0131 sebebine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak h\u00e2kim karar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
13. Yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi an\u0131lan f\u0131kra 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile son h\u00e2lini alm\u0131\u015f ve f\u0131krada yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ancak su\u00e7 soru\u015fturmas\u0131 veya kovu\u015fturmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 sadece h\u00e2kim karar\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade edilmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin f\u0131kraya ili\u015fkin gerek\u00e7esinde de \u201cMaddede yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikle, idare taraf\u0131ndan, vatanda\u015f\u0131n yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kma h\u00fcrriyetinin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na son verilmekte; yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kma h\u00fcrriyetinin, sadece su\u00e7 soru\u015fturmas\u0131 veya kovu\u015fturmas\u0131 sebebiyle ve h\u00e2kim karar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131labilmesi ilkesi benimsenmektedir.\u201d ifadelerine yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
14. Nitekim Anayasa Mahkemesinin 24\/7\/2019 tarihli ve E.2016\/205, K.2019\/63 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda belirli \u015fartlarda ki\u015filerin haklar\u0131nda bir su\u00e7 nedeniyle yap\u0131lan soru\u015fturma ya da kovu\u015fturma olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ve h\u00e2kim karar\u0131 aranmaks\u0131z\u0131n pasaportlar\u0131n\u0131n Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a iptaline karar verilebilmesine imk\u00e2n sa\u011flayan h\u00fckm\u00fcn Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 23. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa, 3\/6\/2021 tarihli ve E.2019\/114, K.2021\/36 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da yine belirli \u015fartlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan ki\u015filere pasaport verilmesi konusunda Bakanl\u0131\u011fa takdir yetkisi tan\u0131yan h\u00fckm\u00fcn Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 23. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa h\u00fckmedilmi\u015ftir (AYM, E.2016\/205, K.2019\/63, 24\/7\/2019 \u00a7\u00a7 69-77; E.2019\/114, K.2021\/36, 3\/6\/2021, \u00a7\u00a7 42, 43).<\/p>\n
15. Anayasa Mahkemesinin 24\/3\/2022 tarihli ve E.2019\/94, K.2022\/32 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda ise yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn hangi hallerde h\u00e2kim karar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilece\u011fine y\u00f6nelik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler belirlenmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan kararda Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 23. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan vatanda\u015f\u0131n yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn, ancak su\u00e7 soru\u015fturmas\u0131 veya kovu\u015fturmas\u0131 sebebiyle h\u00e2kim karar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilece\u011fine ili\u015fkin teminat\u0131n niteli\u011fi itibar\u0131yla bireysel durumlarda i\u015flerlik kazanabilece\u011fi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu \u00f6zel s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebinin yaln\u0131zca bireysel olarak belirli ki\u015fi veya ki\u015filerin yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde s\u00f6z konusu olabilece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ve ayr\u0131ca belirtilmi\u015f, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f hakk\u0131n\u0131 genel olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlayan d\u00fczenlemelere y\u00f6nelik herhangi bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama nedenine ise Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 23. maddesinde yer verilmedi\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir (AYM, E.2019\/94, K.2022\/32, 24\/3\/2022, \u00a7 117).<\/p>\n
16. Bu ba\u011flamda itiraz konusu kuralla \u00fclkeden ayr\u0131lmalar\u0131nda genel g\u00fcvenlik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan mahzur bulundu\u011fu Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a tespit edilenlere pasaport veya seyahat vesikas\u0131n\u0131n verilmeyece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nmak suretiyle \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n genel nitelikte bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, belirli ki\u015fi veya ki\u015filere y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
17. Bu itibarla Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 23. maddesi uyar\u0131nca yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ancak su\u00e7 soru\u015fturmas\u0131 veya kovu\u015fturmas\u0131 sebebiyle s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilece\u011fi ve h\u00e2kim karar\u0131 g\u00fcvencesine ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kuralla yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kabilmenin idarenin yetkisine b\u0131rak\u0131larak Anayasa\u2019da belirtilen s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebeplerine ba\u011flanan h\u00e2kim karar\u0131 g\u00fcvencesinin ihlal edildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kural\u0131n yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebeplerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna da ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
18. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 23. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ptali gerekir.<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE ve \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 23. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclerek iptal edildi\u011finden ayr\u0131ca Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
IV. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
15\/7\/1950 tarihli ve 5682 say\u0131l\u0131 Pasaport Kanunu\u2019nun 28\/5\/1988 tarihli ve 3463 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 22. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinin \u201c\u2026memleketten ayr\u0131lmalar\u0131nda genel g\u00fcvenlik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan mahzur bulundu\u011fu \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca tespit edilenlere\u2026\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve \u0130PTAL\u0130NE, Muhterem \u0130NCE ile \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR\u2019\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131oylar\u0131 ve OY\u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA 24\/9\/2024 tarihinde karar verildi.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Metin KIRATLI<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Kar\u015f\u0131 Oy<\/p>\n
1. \u0130tiraz konusu kuralda memleketten ayr\u0131lmalar\u0131nda genel g\u00fcvenlik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan mahzur bulundu\u011fu \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca tespit edilenlere pasaport veya seyahat vesikas\u0131 verilmeyece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
2. \u0130lk olarak \u00e7o\u011funluk karar\u0131nda kural\u0131n kanunili\u011fi noktas\u0131nda inceleme yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve d\u00fczenlemenin belirli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. 10\/7\/2018 tarihli ve 30474 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan (1) numaral\u0131 Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Te\u015fkilat\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi\u2019nin 254. maddesine g\u00f6re i\u00e7 g\u00fcvenlik kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 idare etmek suretiyle \u00fclkesi ve milleti ile b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, yurdun i\u00e7 g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ve asayi\u015fini, kamu d\u00fczenini ve genel ahlak\u0131, Anayasa\u2019da yaz\u0131l\u0131 hak ve h\u00fcrriyetleri koruma g\u00f6rev ve yetkisi \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na verilmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 maddenin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (\u011f) bendine g\u00f6re ise pasaport hizmetleri de \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
4. Bu g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerle donat\u0131lan Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n genel g\u00fcvenli\u011fi temin edebilmek amac\u0131yla pasaport veya seyahat vesikas\u0131 verilecek ki\u015filere y\u00f6nelik baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 yapmas\u0131 ise bu g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerin gere\u011fi i\u00e7in elzemdir. Kuralda genel g\u00fcvenlik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan memleketten ayr\u0131lmalar\u0131nda mahzur g\u00f6r\u00fclenlere pasaport veya seyahat vesikas\u0131 verilmeyece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmek suretiyle bu ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belirlenmi\u015ftir. Bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle bu ara\u015ft\u0131rma sadece genel g\u00fcvenli\u011fin teminini sa\u011flama gayesiyle yap\u0131lmal\u0131 ve ki\u015filerin sak\u0131nca durumlar\u0131 bu kriter ba\u011flam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Her ne kadar kararda mahzur bulunma ifadesinin belirli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa da genel g\u00fcvenlik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan tehlike arz edebilecek t\u00fcm durumlar\u0131n \u00f6nceden \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belli olan bir alanda yap\u0131lacak ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi faaliyetinden ibaret s\u00f6z konusu yetkinin belirsizlik arz etti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenemez. Nitekim Anayasa Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan incelenen benzer nitelikteki iki ayr\u0131 bireysel ba\u015fvuruya konu uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin kanunilik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, yani kural\u0131n belirlilik kriterini ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir (Ya\u011fmur Er\u015fan [GK], B. No: 2018\/36451, 27\/10\/2021; Onur Can Ta\u015ftan [GK], B. No: 2018\/32475, 27\/10\/2021).<\/p>\n
5. \u0130ptal karar\u0131n\u0131n bir di\u011fer gerek\u00e7esi ise itiraz konusu kuralla getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n Anayasa\u2019da yer alan s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebeplerine uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
6. Anayasa Mahkemesinin 24\/3\/2022 tarihli ve E.2019\/94, K.2022\/32 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 23. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan vatanda\u015f\u0131n yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn, ancak su\u00e7 soru\u015fturmas\u0131 veya kovu\u015fturmas\u0131 sebebiyle h\u00e2kim karar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilece\u011fine ili\u015fkin teminat\u0131n niteli\u011fi itibar\u0131yla ancak bireysel durumlarda i\u015flerlik kazanabilece\u011fi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu \u00f6zel s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebinin yaln\u0131zca bireysel olarak belirli ki\u015fi veya ki\u015filerin yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde s\u00f6z konusu olabilece\u011fi, buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f hakk\u0131n\u0131 genel olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlayan d\u00fczenlemelere y\u00f6nelik herhangi bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama nedenine Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 23. maddesinde yer verilmedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (\u00a7 117).<\/p>\n
7. Memleketten ayr\u0131lmalar\u0131nda genel g\u00fcvenlik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan sak\u0131nca bulunan ki\u015filerin tespitine y\u00f6nelik yetkinin temelde genel nitelikte bir d\u00fczenleme oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu ki\u015filerin tespitinin genel g\u00fcvenli\u011fin temini a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nem d\u00fczenlemeyi genel nitelik ta\u015f\u0131yan bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama haline getirmektedir. Bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle pasaport veya seyahat vesikas\u0131 talebinde bulunan belli bir gruba mensup ki\u015fi veya ki\u015filer de\u011fil herkes s\u00f6z konusu ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n muhatab\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. Genel g\u00fcvenli\u011fin temini a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olan genel nitelikteki d\u00fczenlemelerin bireysel nitelikte s\u0131n\u0131rlama oldu\u011funun kabul\u00fc ise m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bu ba\u011flamda yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f hakk\u0131n\u0131 genel olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlayan d\u00fczenlemelere y\u00f6nelik herhangi bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama nedenine Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 23. maddesinde yer verilmedi\u011finden genel g\u00fcvenlik gerek\u00e7esiyle getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n Anayasa\u2019da yer alan s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebeplerine uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da s\u00f6ylenememektedir.<\/p>\n
8. Bu itibarla itiraz konusu kural\u0131n kanunilik ile birlikte di\u011fer kriterleri de ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7o\u011funluk karar\u0131na kat\u0131lm\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 24\/9\/2024 tarihli, 2024\/112 esas – 2024\/160 karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI \u00a0 Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/112 Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/160 Karar Tarihi : 24\/9\/2024 R.G.Tarih-Say\u0131 : 21\/11\/2024-32729 \u00a0 \u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: Ankara 19. \u0130dare Mahkemesi \u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 15\/7\/1950 tarihli ve 5682 say\u0131l\u0131 Pasaport Kanunu\u2019nun 28\/5\/1988 tarihli ve 3463 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 3. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 22. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinin \u201c\u2026memleketten ayr\u0131lmalar\u0131nda genel g\u00fcvenlik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan mahzur bulundu\u011fu \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca tespit edilenlere\u2026\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 13. ve 23. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptaline karar verilmesi talebidir. OLAY: Pasaportta bulunan tahdidin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 istemiyle yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvurunun reddine dair i\u015flemin iptali talebiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davada itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur. I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN KANUN H\u00dcKM\u00dc Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu kural\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 22. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u201cPasaport veya vesika verilmesi yasak olan haller: Madde 22 \u2013 (De\u011fi\u015fik: 28\/5\/1988 – 3463\/3 md.) Yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131; mahkemelerce yasaklananlara, memleketten ayr\u0131lmalar\u0131nda genel g\u00fcvenlik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan mahzur bulundu\u011fu \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca tespit edilenlere ve ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctlerine aidiyeti, iltisak\u0131 veya irtibat\u0131 belirlenen yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc e\u011fitim, \u00f6\u011fretim ve sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ile vak\u0131f, dernek veya \u015firketlerin kurucu ve y\u00f6neticisi oldu\u011fu veya bu yerlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca tespit edilenlere (\u2026) pasaport veya seyahat vesikas\u0131 verilmez. Ancak, yabanc\u0131 memleketlere gitmeleri mahkemelerce yasaklananlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalanlara, zaruri hallerde Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n onay\u0131 …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,535],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16864","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber","category-uncategorized-tr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n