T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130<\/p>\n
\u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
SERCAN ARAN BA\u015eVURUSU<\/p>\n
(Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2021\/24835)<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi: 26\/3\/2025<\/p>\n
\u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcyeler<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
Raport\u00f6r<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
R\u0131dvan DEM\u0130R<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucu<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Sercan ARAN<\/p>\n
Vekili<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Av. Mert BAL<\/p>\n
I. BA\u015eVURUNUN \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvuru, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc s\u0131ras\u0131nda kolluk kuvvetlerinin orant\u0131s\u0131z m\u00fcdahalesi sonucu yaralanma meydana gelmesi ve olaya ili\u015fkin etkili bir soru\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmemesi nedeniyle k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddialar\u0131na ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvurucu 24\/1\/2020 tarihinde Tehlikedeki Avukatlar G\u00fcn\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda Ankara Adliyesinde bir grup avukat ile birlikte “Sessiz \u00c7\u0131\u011fl\u0131k” slogan\u0131yla bir toplant\u0131 ve bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapmak istemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
3. Kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin ba\u015fvurucunun da aralar\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu grubun ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi toplant\u0131 ve bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na Ankara Valili\u011finin (Valilik) 10\/6\/1949 tarihli ve 5442 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130l \u0130daresi Kanunu’nun 11. maddesinin (C) bendi ile 6\/10\/1983 tarihli ve 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Toplant\u0131 ve G\u00f6steri Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri Kanunu’nun 17. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 21\/1\/2018 tarihli ve 2018\/1938 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 gere\u011fince m\u00fcdahale etti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu karar; Ankara genelinde park ve bah\u00e7elerde, genel yollarda, kamu binalar\u0131 \u00f6nlerinde, a\u00e7\u0131k\/kapal\u0131 alanlarda 21\/1\/2018 tarihinden itibaren Zeytin Dal\u0131 Operasyonu s\u00fcresince umuma a\u00e7\u0131k ve\/veya kapal\u0131 yer toplant\u0131lar\u0131, bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131, a\u00e7l\u0131k grevi, oturma eylemi, anma toplant\u0131s\u0131\/toplanma, konser, \u015fenlik, \u015f\u00f6len gibi toplu eylem\/etkinliklerin yasaklanmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir.<\/p>\n
4. Kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi m\u00fcdahalede yaraland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen 24\/1\/2020 tarihli adli muayene raporuna g\u00f6re ba\u015fvurucunun her iki elinin y\u00fczeyinde en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 0,5×0,5 cm, yine her iki el parmaklar\u0131nda da en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 3 cm boyutunda abrazyon olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
5. Olay sonras\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucu 20\/2\/2020 tarihinde Ankara Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na (Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k) su\u00e7 duyurusunda bulunmu\u015f; dilek\u00e7esinde kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin m\u00fcdahalesi neticesinde yaraland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, gerekli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2lde biber gaz\u0131 kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015f, bu duruma sebep olan kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin tespit edilmesini ve kasten yaralama su\u00e7u ile inan\u00e7, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve kanaat h\u00fcrriyetinin engellenmesi su\u00e7u kapsam\u0131nda cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 talep etmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca \u015fik\u00e2yet dilek\u00e7esinde tan\u0131k olarak dinlenilmesi talebiyle baz\u0131 avukatlar\u0131n isimlerini bildirmi\u015f, video ile foto\u011fraflar sunmu\u015f ve kolluk birimlerinde bulunan video kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n dosyaya kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
6. Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k 4\/3\/2020 tarihinde Ankara \u0130l Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne olayla ilgili olarak bir tahkikat evrak\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespit edilmesi, olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde bir \u00f6rne\u011finin g\u00f6nderilmesi, ba\u015fvurucuya m\u00fcdahalede bulunan polis memurlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k kimliklerinin tespit edilmesi talimatlar\u0131n\u0131 iletmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
7. 13\/4\/2020 tarihinde emniyet birimleri, soru\u015fturma dosyas\u0131na bilgi ve belgeler sunmu\u015ftur. Bu bilgi ve belgeler aras\u0131nda G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm Tutana\u011f\u0131 da yer almaktad\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm Tutana\u011f\u0131’na g\u00f6re ba\u015fvurucunun da aralar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gruba kolluk g\u00f6revlileri kalkanlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak m\u00fcdahale etmi\u015f, ba\u015fkaca bir fiilleri olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucu, kalkanlara yaslanmak ve kalkanlar\u0131 indirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak suretiyle kolluk g\u00f6revlilerine direnmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
8. Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k 15\/6\/2020 tarihinde ba\u015fvurucunun aralar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gruba kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin yasal yetkileri d\u00e2hilinde m\u00fcdahale etti\u011fini, zor kullanma yetkisi kapsam\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanarak ba\u015fvurucu ve i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu grubu olay yerinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, darp olay\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kamera g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerinden anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair karar vermi\u015ftir. Karara yap\u0131lan itiraz sulh ceza h\u00e2kimli\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan reddedilmi\u015f ve ba\u015fvurucuya 8\/3\/2021 tarihinde tebli\u011f edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
9. Ba\u015fvurucu 7\/4\/2021 tarihinde bireysel ba\u015fvuruda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
10. Ba\u015fvurunun kabul edilebilirlik ve esas incelemesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcm taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
II. DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RME<\/p>\n
A. K\u00f6t\u00fc Muamele Yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0130hlal Edildi\u011fine \u0130li\u015fkin \u0130ddia <\/p>\n
11. Ba\u015fvurucu, toplant\u0131 ve bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na m\u00fcdahale eden kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin fiilleri ve gerekli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2lde biber gaz\u0131 kullanmalar\u0131 sebebiyle yaraland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yaralanmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik etkili bir soru\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmedi\u011fini belirterek k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve etkili ba\u015fvuru hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Bakanl\u0131k) g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde; kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin ba\u015fvurucunun izinsiz ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi toplant\u0131ya m\u00fcdahalesinin zor kullanma yetkisi kapsam\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, olay\u0131n \u00f6nceki yerle\u015fik i\u00e7tihatlara uygun \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu, Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 sundu\u011fu beyanda ihlal iddialar\u0131n\u0131 yinelemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
12. Ba\u015fvuru, k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
13. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kabul edilemezli\u011fine karar verilmesini gerektirecek ba\u015fka bir neden de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
14. Anayasa’n\u0131n 17. maddesi -\u201cDevletin temel ama\u00e7 ve g\u00f6revleri\u201d kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 5. maddesindeki genel y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckle birlikte yorumland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda- bir kimsenin devlet g\u00f6revlilerinin 17. maddenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131 ihlal eden bir muamelesine u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin savunulabilir bir iddiada bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde etkili bir soru\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesini gerektirir. K\u00f6t\u00fc muamelenin kasten yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durumlarda iddia hakk\u0131nda ivedilikle bir ceza soru\u015fturmas\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eik\u00e2yet olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bile ki\u015fiye k\u00f6t\u00fc muamelede bulunuldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin yeterince a\u00e7\u0131k belirtiler varsa konuyla ilgili bir ceza soru\u015fturmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Soru\u015fturmada olay\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatabilecek ve sorumlular\u0131n belirlenmesini sa\u011flayabilecek t\u00fcm deliller toplanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Dahas\u0131 soru\u015fturma s\u00fcreci, gerekti\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kamu denetimine ve ma\u011fdurun eri\u015fimine a\u00e7\u0131k olmal\u0131; ma\u011fdur soru\u015fturmaya etkili \u015fekilde kat\u0131labilmeli; soru\u015fturmada makul bir \u00f6zen ve s\u00fcratle hareket edilmelidir. Ayr\u0131ca yetkililer, soru\u015fturmay\u0131 sonland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in aceleci davranmamal\u0131 ve temelden yoksun sonu\u00e7lara ula\u015fmamal\u0131d\u0131r (Ali R\u0131za \u00d6zer ve di\u011ferleri [GK], B. No: 2013\/3924, 6\/1\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 101-103; S.D. [1. B.], B. No: 2013\/3017, 16\/12\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 111-114; Veli Sa\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k (2) [1. B.], B. No: 2018\/24614, 18\/10\/2022, \u00a7 16).<\/p>\n
15. Somut olayda Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k, sadece kolluk birimlerinin sundu\u011fu tahkikat evrak\u0131na g\u00f6re bir sonuca varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Oysa ba\u015fvurucunun sundu\u011fu adli muayene raporu dikkate al\u0131narak bildirdi\u011fi tan\u0131klar\u0131n dinlenmesi, sundu\u011fu video kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ile foto\u011fraflar\u0131n incelenmesi, kolluk taraf\u0131ndan tanzim edilen G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc \u0130zleme Tutana\u011f\u0131 ile yetinilmeyerek s\u00f6z konusu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler \u00fczerinde inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 veya ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bilirki\u015filere inceleme yapt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucunda bir karara var\u0131lmas\u0131 soru\u015fturman\u0131n etkili y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. Bu durumda Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n soru\u015fturmay\u0131 etkili bir \u015fekilde y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve ba\u015fvurucunun soru\u015fturmaya kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemeyecektir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n usul boyutunun ihlal edildi\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
16. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle Anayasa’n\u0131n 17. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n usul boyutunun ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
17. K\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n maddi boyutunun ihlal edildi\u011fi iddialar\u0131n\u0131n incelenebilmesi i\u00e7in olay\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen maddi ko\u015fullar, inceleme yapmaya olanak verecek \u015fekilde ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Olay\u0131n ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131 ise ihlal iddialar\u0131 ile ilgili etkili bir soru\u015fturma yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u015fvuruya konu olayda olay\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen ko\u015fullar yeterince ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu a\u015famada k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n maddi boyutu y\u00f6n\u00fcnden inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
B. Toplant\u0131 ve G\u00f6steri Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc D\u00fczenleme Hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130hlal Edildi\u011fine \u0130li\u015fkin \u0130ddia <\/p>\n
18. Ba\u015fvurucu, ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahale sebebiyle ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde; yap\u0131lacak incelemede Anayasa ve mevzuat h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin, Anayasa Mahkemesi ve Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131n\u0131n dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi bildirilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu, Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 sundu\u011fu beyanda ihlal iddialar\u0131n\u0131 yinelemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
19. Anayasa Mahkemesi, olaylar\u0131n ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan hukuki nitelendirmesi ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olmay\u0131p olay ve olgular\u0131n hukuki tavsifini kendisi takdir eder. Ba\u015fvuru, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
20. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kabul edilemezli\u011fine karar verilmesini gerektirecek ba\u015fka bir neden de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
21. Toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahale, hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda olabilece\u011fi gibi kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonraki i\u015flemlerin de hak \u00fczerinde s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 etkisi vard\u0131r (Osman Erbil [2. B.], B. No: 2013\/2394, 25\/3\/2015, \u00a7 53; sendika hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak bkz. E\u011fitim ve Bilim Emek\u00e7ileri Sendikas\u0131 ve di\u011ferleri [GK], B. No: 2014\/920, 25\/5\/2017, \u00a7 48).<\/p>\n
22. Anayasa’n\u0131n 13. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler, \u00f6zlerine dokunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca Anayasan\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar, Anayasan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin ve l\u00e2ik Cumhuriyetin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.”<\/p>\n
23. Yukar\u0131da an\u0131lan m\u00fcdahale, Anayasa’n\u0131n 13. maddesinde belirtilen ko\u015fullar\u0131 yerine getirmedi\u011fi m\u00fcddet\u00e7e Anayasa’n\u0131n 34. maddesinin ihlalini te\u015fkil edecektir.<\/p>\n
24. Hak ya da \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere bir m\u00fcdahale s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda \u00f6ncelikle tespiti gereken husus, m\u00fcdahaleye yetki veren bir kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn mevcut olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Anayasa’n\u0131n 34. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir m\u00fcdahalenin kanunilik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in m\u00fcdahalenin kanuni bir dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 zorunludur (kanunilik \u015fart\u0131na ba\u015fka ba\u011flamlarda dikkat \u00e7eken kararlar i\u00e7in bkz. Sevim Akat E\u015fki [1. B.], B. No: 2013\/2187, 19\/12\/2013, \u00a7 36; Tu\u011fba Arslan [GK], B. No: 2014\/256, 25\/6\/2014, \u00a7 82; Hayriye \u00d6zdemir [2. B.], B. No: 2013\/3434, 25\/6\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 56-61; E\u011fitim ve Bilim Emek\u00e7ileri Sendikas\u0131 ve di\u011ferleri, \u00a7 53; Halk Radyo ve Televizyon Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k A.\u015e. [GK], B. No: 2014\/19270, 11\/7\/2019, \u00a7 35).<\/p>\n
25. Anayasa uyar\u0131nca, temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n \u00f6ncelikle kanunla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir. Anayasa Mahkemesinin yerle\u015fik i\u00e7tihad\u0131na g\u00f6re de Anayasa’n\u0131n 13. maddesinde yer alan kanunilik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fcdahale, \u015fekl\u00ee anlamda bir kanuna dayanmal\u0131d\u0131r (Mehmet Akdo\u011fan ve di\u011ferleri [1. B.], B. No: 2013\/817, 19\/12\/2013, \u00a7 31; B\u00fclent Polat [GK], B. No: 2013\/7666, 10\/12\/2015, \u00a7 75; Fatih Saraman [GK], B. No: 2014\/7256, 27\/2\/2019, \u00a7 65; Turgut Duman [1. B.], B. No: 2014\/15365, 29\/5\/2019, \u00a7 66; Tamer Mahmuto\u011flu [GK], B. No: 2017\/38953, 23\/7\/2020, \u00a7 103; Sel\u00e7uk Sinan [1. B.], B. No: 2018\/16395, 10\/5\/2022, \u00a7 41).<\/p>\n
26. Bununla birlikte temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlerin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin kanunlar\u0131n \u015feklen var olmas\u0131 yeterli de\u011fildir. Kanunilik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc ayn\u0131 zamanda maddi bir i\u00e7eri\u011fi de gerektirmekte olup bu noktada kanunun niteli\u011fi \u00f6nem kazanmaktad\u0131r. Kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlama \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc; s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n eri\u015filebilirli\u011fini, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirli\u011fini ve kesinli\u011fini ifade eden belirlili\u011fini garanti alt\u0131na almaktad\u0131r (Halime Sare Aysal [GK], B. No: 2013\/1789, 11\/11\/2015, \u00a7 62; Fatih Saraman, \u00a7 66; Turgut Duman, \u00a7 67; Tamer Mahmuto\u011flu, \u00a7 104).<\/p>\n
27. Belirlilik, bir kural\u0131n keyf\u00eeli\u011fe yol a\u00e7mayacak bir i\u00e7erikte olmas\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. Temel haklar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin kanuni d\u00fczenlemenin i\u00e7erik, ama\u00e7 ve kapsam bak\u0131m\u0131ndan belirli ve muhataplar\u0131n\u0131n hukuksal durumlar\u0131n\u0131 alg\u0131layabilecekleri a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kta olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bir kanuni d\u00fczenlemede, hangi davran\u0131\u015f veya olgulara hangi hukuksal sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n ba\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 ve bu ba\u011flamda kamusal makamlar i\u00e7in nas\u0131l bir m\u00fcdahale yetkisinin do\u011faca\u011f\u0131 belirli bir kesinlik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde ortaya konmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durumda bireylerin hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini \u00f6ng\u00f6rerek davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 tanzim etmeleri m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir. B\u00f6ylece hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flanarak kamu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kullanan organlar\u0131n keyf\u00ee davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f olur (Hayriye \u00d6zdemir, \u00a7\u00a7 56, 57).<\/p>\n
28. 5442 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 11. maddesinin ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“…<\/p>\n
C) \u0130l s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde huzur ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fin, ki\u015fi dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, tasarrufa m\u00fcteallik emniyetin, kamu esenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve \u00f6nleyici kolluk yetkisi valinin \u00f6dev ve g\u00f6revlerindendir. (Ek c\u00fcmle: 25\/7\/2018-7145\/1 md.) Bunlar\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in vali gereken karar ve tedbirleri al\u0131r.<\/p>\n
(Ek paragraf: 25\/7\/2018-7145\/1 md.)Vali, kamu d\u00fczeni veya g\u00fcvenli\u011finin ola\u011fan hayat\u0131 durduracak veya kesintiye u\u011fratacak \u015fekilde bozuldu\u011fu ya da bozulaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin ciddi belirtilerin bulundu\u011fu h\u00e2llerde on be\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere ildeki belirli yerlere giri\u015fi ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 kamu d\u00fczeni ya da kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fini bozabilece\u011fi \u015f\u00fcphesi bulunan ki\u015filer i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131rlayabilir; belli yerlerde veya saatlerde ki\u015filerin dola\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131, toplanmalar\u0131n\u0131, ara\u00e7lar\u0131n seyirlerini d\u00fczenleyebilir veya k\u0131s\u0131tlayabilir ve ruhsatl\u0131 da olsa her \u00e7e\u015fit silah ve merminin ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ve naklini yasaklayabilir.”<\/p>\n
29. 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un “Toplant\u0131n\u0131n ertelenmesi veya baz\u0131 h\u00e2llerde yasaklanmas\u0131” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 17. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“B\u00f6lge valisi, vali veya kaymakam, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik, kamu d\u00fczeni, su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi, genel sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve genel ahl\u00e2k\u0131n veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla belirli bir toplant\u0131y\u0131 bir ay\u0131 a\u015fmamak \u00fczere erteleyebilir veya su\u00e7 i\u015flenece\u011fine dair a\u00e7\u0131k ve yak\u0131n tehlike mevcut olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde yasaklayabilir.”<\/p>\n
30. Somut olayda Valili\u011fin Zeytindal\u0131 Operasyonu’nun devam etmesi nedeniyle kamu d\u00fczeni ve g\u00fcvenli\u011finin korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131na matuf olarak il genelindeki t\u00fcm eylem ve etkinlikleri s\u00fcresiz olarak yasaklayan bir karar verdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
31. Kanun koyucu 5442 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 11. maddesinin (C) bendinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131 ile 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 17. maddesinde, bir toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne m\u00fcdahalenin konu, ki\u015fi, yer ve zaman bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyerek \u00e7er\u00e7evesini ortaya koymu\u015ftur (bkz. \u00a7\u00a7 28, 29). An\u0131lan kurallarda valili\u011fin toplant\u0131ya m\u00fcdahalesinin belirli bir s\u00fcre ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olabilece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir (\u00c7a\u011fla Yola\u015fan Kurul [GK], B. No: 2021\/29184, 27\/9\/2023, \u00a7 47). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla somut olaydaki kurallar\u0131n kamu d\u00fczeni ve g\u00fcvenli\u011finin korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ve t\u00fcm etkinlikleri kapsayan s\u00fcresiz yasaklama karar\u0131n\u0131n dayana\u011f\u0131 olarak kabul\u00fc m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
32. Ayr\u0131ca kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin ba\u015fvuruya konu toplant\u0131ya m\u00fcdahale etme nedeni olarak hem kolluk taraf\u0131ndan tanzim edilen belgede hem de Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair kararda belirtilen Valilik karar\u0131 olmasa da adliye binas\u0131 giri\u015finde yap\u0131lacak bir eyleme m\u00fcdahale konusunda genel yetkisi bulunmakla birlikte ne kolluk g\u00f6revlileri ne de yarg\u0131sal denetimi yapan Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k genel yetki kapsam\u0131nda toplant\u0131ya m\u00fcdahale edilmesini gerektiren ko\u015fullar\u0131n somut olayda var oldu\u011fundan bahsetmemi\u015ftir. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle de bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmeyen ba\u015fvuruya konu toplant\u0131ya m\u00fcdahaleyi gerektirecek ko\u015fullar\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
33. Sonu\u00e7 olarak ba\u015fvuruya konu m\u00fcdahalenin kanunilik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z konusu m\u00fcdahale a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan di\u011fer g\u00fcvence \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerine riayet edilip edilmedi\u011finin ayr\u0131ca de\u011ferlendirilmesine gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
34. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle Anayasa’n\u0131n 34. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
III. G\u0130DER\u0130M <\/p>\n
35. Ba\u015fvurucu; ihlalin tespiti ve yeniden soru\u015fturma yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ile 25.000 TL manevi tazminat talebinde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
36. Ba\u015fvuruda tespit edilen k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n usul boyutunun ihlalinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden soru\u015fturma yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda hukuki yarar ve zorunluluk bulunmaktad\u0131r. Anayasa’n\u0131n 148. ve 153. maddeleri ile 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun’un 50. ve 66. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca ihlal karar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nca yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken i\u015f, yeniden soru\u015fturma i\u015flemlerini ba\u015flat\u0131p Anayasa Mahkemesinin ihlal karar\u0131nda belirtilen ilkelere ve gerek\u00e7elere uygun bi\u00e7imde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek soru\u015fturma sonunda hak ihlalinin nedenlerini gidererek yeni bir karar vermektir (yeniden soru\u015fturma konusunda bkz. Mehmet Do\u011fan [GK], B. No: 2014\/8875, 7\/6\/2018, \u00a7\u00a7 54-60; Alig\u00fcl Alkaya ve di\u011ferleri (2) [1. B.], B. No: 2016\/12506, 7\/11\/2019, \u00a7\u00a7 53-60, 66; Kadri Enis Berbero\u011flu (3) [GK], B. No: 2020\/32949, 21\/1\/2021, \u00a7\u00a7 93-100).<\/p>\n
37. \u00d6te yandan manevi zararlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucuya talebi dikkate al\u0131narak net 25.000 TL manevi tazminat \u00f6denmesine karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
IV. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle;<\/p>\n
A. 1. K\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n KABUL ED\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R OLDU\u011eUNA,<\/p>\n
2. Toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n KABUL ED\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R OLDU\u011eUNA,<\/p>\n
B.1. Anayasa’n\u0131n 17. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n usul boyutunun \u0130HLAL ED\u0130LD\u0130\u011e\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
2. Anayasa’n\u0131n 34. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130HLAL ED\u0130LD\u0130\u011e\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
C. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n usul boyutunun ihlalinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden soru\u015fturma yap\u0131lmak \u00fczere Ankara Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na (Sor. No: 2020\/41816) G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
D. Ba\u015fvurucuya net 25.000 TL manevi tazminat \u00d6DENMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
E. 487,60 TL har\u00e7 ve 30.000 TL vek\u00e2let \u00fccretinden olu\u015fan toplam 30.487,60 TL yarg\u0131lama giderinin ba\u015fvurucuya \u00d6DENMES\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
F. \u00d6demelerin karar\u0131n tebli\u011fini takiben ba\u015fvurucunun Hazine ve Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015fvuru tarihinden itibaren d\u00f6rt ay i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lmas\u0131na, \u00f6demede gecikme olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde bu s\u00fcrenin sona erdi\u011fi tarihten \u00f6deme tarihine kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre i\u00e7in yasal FA\u0130Z UYGULANMASINA,<\/p>\n
G. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE 26\/3\/2025 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verildi.<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 26\/3\/2025 tarihli ve 2021\/24835 ba\u015fvuru numaral\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130 ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM KARAR SERCAN ARAN BA\u015eVURUSU (Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2021\/24835) Karar Tarihi: 26\/3\/2025 \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM KARAR Ba\u015fkan : Basri BA\u011eCI \u00dcyeler : Engin YILDIRIM R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7 Kenan YA\u015eAR \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR Raport\u00f6r : R\u0131dvan DEM\u0130R Ba\u015fvurucu : Sercan ARAN Vekili : Av. Mert BAL I. BA\u015eVURUNUN \u00d6ZET\u0130 1. Ba\u015fvuru, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc s\u0131ras\u0131nda kolluk kuvvetlerinin orant\u0131s\u0131z m\u00fcdahalesi sonucu yaralanma meydana gelmesi ve olaya ili\u015fkin etkili bir soru\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmemesi nedeniyle k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddialar\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. 2. Ba\u015fvurucu 24\/1\/2020 tarihinde Tehlikedeki Avukatlar G\u00fcn\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda Ankara Adliyesinde bir grup avukat ile birlikte “Sessiz \u00c7\u0131\u011fl\u0131k” slogan\u0131yla bir toplant\u0131 ve bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapmak istemi\u015ftir. 3. Kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin ba\u015fvurucunun da aralar\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu grubun ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi toplant\u0131 ve bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na Ankara Valili\u011finin (Valilik) 10\/6\/1949 tarihli ve 5442 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130l \u0130daresi Kanunu’nun 11. maddesinin (C) bendi ile 6\/10\/1983 tarihli ve 2911 say\u0131l\u0131 Toplant\u0131 ve G\u00f6steri Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri Kanunu’nun 17. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 21\/1\/2018 tarihli ve 2018\/1938 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 gere\u011fince m\u00fcdahale etti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu karar; Ankara genelinde park ve bah\u00e7elerde, genel yollarda, kamu binalar\u0131 \u00f6nlerinde, a\u00e7\u0131k\/kapal\u0131 alanlarda 21\/1\/2018 tarihinden itibaren Zeytin Dal\u0131 Operasyonu s\u00fcresince umuma a\u00e7\u0131k ve\/veya kapal\u0131 yer toplant\u0131lar\u0131, bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131, a\u00e7l\u0131k grevi, oturma eylemi, anma toplant\u0131s\u0131\/toplanma, …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-148758","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n