ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI<\/p>\n
Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/195<\/p>\n
Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2025\/85<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi : 27\/3\/2025<\/p>\n
R.G.Tarih-Say\u0131 : 16\/7\/2025-32957<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: Antalya 3. \u0130dare Mahkemesi<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 11\/4\/1928 tarihli ve 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Tababet ve \u015euabat\u0131 San’atlar\u0131n\u0131n Tarz\u0131 \u0130cras\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un 23\/1\/2008 tarihli ve 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 25. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 28. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u2026g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma,\u2026\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 13., 20. ve 49. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptaline karar verilmesi talebidir.<\/p>\n
OLAY: \u00d6zel muayenehane a\u00e7ma talebinin reddine y\u00f6nelik i\u015flemin iptali talebiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davada itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN VE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 G\u00d6R\u00dcLEN KANUN H\u00dcK\u00dcMLER\u0130<\/p>\n
A. \u0130ptali \u0130stenen Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fc<\/p>\n
Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu kural\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 28. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir: <\/p>\n
\u201cMadde 28 \u2013 (De\u011fi\u015fik: 23\/1\/2008-5728\/25 md.) <\/p>\n
Hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in; T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile; kasten i\u015flenen bir su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 be\u015f y\u0131l veya daha fazla s\u00fcreyle ya da devletin g\u00fcvenli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar, Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar, (\u2026) zimmet, irtik\u00e2p, r\u00fc\u015fvet, h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k, doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, sahtecilik, g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma, hileli iflas, ihaleye fesat kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, edimin ifas\u0131na fesat kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, su\u00e7tan kaynaklanan malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlerini aklama veya ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmamak gerekir.<\/p>\n
\u0130cray\u0131 sanat etmesine mani ve gayr\u0131kabili \u015fifa bir maraz\u0131 akl\u0131 ile malul oldu\u011fu bilmuayene tebeyy\u00fcn eden tabipler, Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n teklifi ve Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Y\u00fcksek Disiplin Kurulu karar\u0131yla icray\u0131 sanattan menolunur ve diplomalar\u0131 geri al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n
(Ek f\u0131kra: 15\/8\/2017-KHK-694\/5 md.; Aynen kabul: 1\/2\/2018-7078\/5 md.) (\u0130ptal f\u0131kra: Anayasa Mahkemesinin 27\/12\/2023 tarihli ve E: 2018\/95, K: 2023\/221 say\u0131l\u0131 Karar\u0131 ile)\u201d<\/p>\n
B. \u0130lgili G\u00f6r\u00fclen Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fc<\/p>\n
25\/5\/2005 tarihli ve 5352 say\u0131l\u0131 Adli Sicil Kanunu\u2019nun 13\/A maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201c(1) 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki kanunlar\u0131n belli bir su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 veya belli bir cezaya mahk\u00fbmiyete ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hak yoksunluklar\u0131n\u0131n giderilebilmesi i\u00e7in, yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi yoluna gidilebilir. Bunun i\u00e7in; T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinin be\u015finci ve alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131 sakl\u0131 kalmak kayd\u0131yla, <\/p>\n
a) Mahk\u00fbm olunan cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131, <\/p>\n
b) Ki\u015finin bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi halli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaat olu\u015fmas\u0131, <\/p>\n
gerekir.\u201d<\/p>\n
II. \u0130LK \u0130NCELEME<\/p>\n
1. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Basri BA\u011eCI, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR, Muhterem \u0130NCE, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L, \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR ve Metin KIRATLI\u2019n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 4\/12\/2024 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda dosyada eksiklik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015fin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. ESASIN \u0130NCELENMES\u0130<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131 ve ekleri, Raport\u00f6r Muhammed Nuri \u00d6ZG\u00dcR taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan i\u015fin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin rapor, itiraz konusu ve ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fclen kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, dayan\u0131lan ve ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fclen Anayasa kurallar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n gerek\u00e7eleri ile di\u011fer yasama belgeleri okunup incelendikten sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. Anlam ve Kapsam<\/p>\n
3. 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli \u015fartlar d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bu kapsamda an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 28. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in; 26\/9\/2004 tarihli ve 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun 53. maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile; kasten i\u015flenen bir su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 be\u015f y\u0131l veya daha fazla s\u00fcreyle ya da devletin g\u00fcvenli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar, anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar, zimmet, irtik\u00e2p, r\u00fc\u015fvet, h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k, doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, sahtecilik, g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma, hileli iflas, ihaleye fesat kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, edimin ifas\u0131na fesat kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, su\u00e7tan kaynaklanan mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlerini aklama veya ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmamak gerekti\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu f\u0131krada yer alan \u201c\u2026g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma, \u2026\u201d ibaresi itiraz konusu kural\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kural uyar\u0131nca g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma su\u00e7undan hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olanlar, an\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 53. maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra edemeyeceklerdir.<\/p>\n
4. G\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma su\u00e7u Kanun\u2019un \u201c\u00d6zel H\u00fck\u00fcmler\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u0130kinci Kitab\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u201cKi\u015filere Kar\u015f\u0131 Su\u00e7lar\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan \u0130kinci K\u0131sm\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Onuncu B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde yer alan 155. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu maddede su\u00e7a konu fiil, ba\u015fkas\u0131na ait olup da muhafaza etmek veya belirli bir \u015fekilde kullanmak \u00fczere zilyetli\u011fi kendisine devredilmi\u015f olan mal \u00fczerinde ki\u015finin kendisinin veya ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n yarar\u0131na olarak zilyetli\u011fin devri amac\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tasarrufta bulunmas\u0131 veya bu devir olgusunu ink\u00e2r etmesi olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
5. An\u0131lan maddenin gerek\u00e7esinde de belirtildi\u011fi gibi su\u00e7un olu\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle taraflar aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7erli bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme ili\u015fkisinin bulunmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Su\u00e7la korunan hukuki de\u011fer m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra taraflar aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fcven ili\u015fkisidir. S\u00f6z konusu g\u00fcven ili\u015fkisinin korunmas\u0131 ile toplumsal hayatta ki\u015filer aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fcven duygusunun da korunmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylelikle g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma su\u00e7uyla e\u015fya \u00fczerinde mevcut s\u00f6zle\u015fme ili\u015fkisiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmayan kas\u0131tl\u0131 tasarruflar cezai yapt\u0131r\u0131m alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
6. Kanun\u2019un 53. maddesinde ise kasten i\u015flenen bir su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbmiyetin kanuni sonucu olarak mahk\u00fbm olunan hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131na kadar ki\u015finin belli haklardan yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemelere yer verilmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan madde uyar\u0131nca belli bir su\u00e7tan mahk\u00fbmiyet halinde ki\u015filerin s\u00fcresiz olarak hak yoksunlu\u011funa u\u011framalar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
7. Bu itibarla g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma su\u00e7undan hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olanlar hakk\u0131nda s\u00f6z konusu madde uyar\u0131nca hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131 tamamlan\u0131ncaya kadar hak yoksunlu\u011fu uygulanacakt\u0131r. Kuralda ise bu su\u00e7tan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131ndan herhangi bir s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lmalar\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
B. \u0130tiraz\u0131n Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
8. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle; itiraz konusu kuralla g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma su\u00e7u da d\u00e2hil belli su\u00e7lardan ya da be\u015f y\u0131ldan fazla hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6zel ve kamu ayr\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmadan hekimlik mesle\u011fini s\u00fcresiz olarak icra edememelerinin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesinin me\u015fru ama\u00e7 ile hekimin hak ve menfaatleri aras\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131 gereken adil dengeyi ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu suretle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131na ve ki\u015filerin \u00f6zel hayat\u0131na yap\u0131lan s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz h\u00e2le geldi\u011fi belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 13., 20. ve 49. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
C. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
9. 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kural, ilgisi nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
10. Anayasa Mahkemesinin 23\/7\/2024 tarihli ve E.2023\/80, K.2024\/142 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 28. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u2026Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u2026\u201d ibaresi incelenmi\u015f ve s\u00f6z konusu ibarenin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 48. ve 49. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
11. An\u0131lan kararda ilk olarak \u00f6zel sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015flar\u0131 veya serbest olarak hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra edecek ki\u015filerde anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olmamak \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n aranmas\u0131 suretiyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 49. maddelerinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirildi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu tespitin ard\u0131ndan temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere s\u0131n\u0131rlama getiren s\u00f6z konusu ibare; Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesi gere\u011fince s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n kanunla yap\u0131lmas\u0131, Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebine uygun ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131p ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususlar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir (AYM, E.2023\/80, K.2024\/142, 23\/7\/2024, \u00a7\u00a7 18-36).<\/p>\n
12. Kararda s\u00f6z konusu ibarenin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 f\u0131krada hangi su\u00e7lar\u0131n hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131na engel oldu\u011funun a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtildi\u011fi, anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n ise 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde ibarenin belirli, ula\u015f\u0131labilir ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir nitelikte oldu\u011fu ve bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle kanunilik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir (AYM, E.2023\/80, K.2024\/142, 23\/7\/2024, \u00a7 22).<\/p>\n
13. Kararda an\u0131lan ibare me\u015fru ama\u00e7 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f, kamu hizmeti niteli\u011findeki hekimlik mesle\u011finin sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti i\u00e7indeki rol\u00fc ve \u00f6nemi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde mesle\u011fin onur ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in baz\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n mesle\u011fi icra etmekten men edilmelerinin kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle ibareyle getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n anayasal anlamda me\u015fru amac\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015ftir (AYM, E.2023\/80, K.2024\/142, 23\/7\/2024, \u00a7 24).<\/p>\n
14. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck incelemesiyle ilgili olarak kararda \u00f6ncelikle hekimlik mesle\u011finin, yer ve zaman s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n toplum yarar\u0131na hizmet etmeyi gerektiren, insan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7 edinen bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 itibar\u0131yla hekimlerin tabi olmas\u0131 gereken kanuni ve etik s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n di\u011fer pek \u00e7ok meslekten daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ve kat\u0131 \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmesinin ola\u011fan oldu\u011fu, ibarede hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da yer verilen bir k\u0131s\u0131m su\u00e7tan mahk\u00fbm olmama \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n getirildi\u011fi vurgulanarak ibarenin hekimlik mesle\u011finin onur ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131na ula\u015fma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan elveri\u015fli oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir (AYM, E.2023\/80, K.2024\/142, 23\/7\/2024, \u00a7 26).<\/p>\n
15. Kararda ayr\u0131ca ibarede hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131na engel oldu\u011fu belirtilen su\u00e7lar\u0131n niteli\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde, bunlar\u0131 i\u015fleyenlerin hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131ndan yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131n kanun koyucunun takdir yetkisi kapsam\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6rebilece\u011fi bir tedbir oldu\u011fu ifade edilerek ibarenin hekimlik mesle\u011finin onurunun korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik amac\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan gerekli oldu\u011fu sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (AYM, E.2023\/80, K.2024\/142, 23\/7\/2024, \u00a7 27).<\/p>\n
16. Kararda son olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n orant\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Bu kapsamda 5352 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 13\/A maddesinde yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumunun d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi, an\u0131lan madde uyar\u0131nca yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilebilmesi i\u00e7in 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 53. maddesinin (5) ve (6) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131 sakl\u0131 kalmak kayd\u0131yla, mahk\u00fbm olunan cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131, ki\u015finin infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememesi ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi h\u00e2lli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaatin olu\u015fmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin belirtildi\u011fi, maddede aranan ko\u015fullar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi h\u00e2linde verilecek yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi karar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra etmelerinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde herhangi bir engel bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Nitekim kararda bu sonuca ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131rken 5352 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 13\/A maddesinin \u201c5237 sa\u00ady\u0131\u00adl\u0131 Ka\u00adnu\u00adn d\u0131\u00ad\u015f\u0131n\u00adda\u00adki \u00e7e\u00ad\u015fit\u00adli ka\u00adnun\u00adlar\u00adda\u00adki ka\u00ads\u0131t\u00adl\u0131 bir su\u00e7\u00adtan do\u00adla\u00ady\u0131 be\u00adlir\u00adli s\u00fc\u00adrey\u00adle ha\u00adpis ce\u00adza\u00ads\u0131\u00adna ve\u00adya bel\u00adli su\u00e7\u00adlar\u00addan do\u00adla\u00ady\u0131 bir ce\u00adza\u00adya mah\u00adk\u00fbm olan ki\u00ad\u015fi\u00adle\u00adrin s\u00fc\u00adre\u00adsiz ola\u00adrak kul\u00adlan\u00admak\u00adtan ya\u00adsak\u00adlan\u00add\u0131k\u00adla\u00adr\u0131 hak\u00adla\u00adr\u0131 tek\u00adrar kul\u00adla\u00adna\u00adbil\u00adme\u00adle\u00adri\u00adne imk\u00e2n ta\u00adn\u0131\u00adyan bir d\u00fc\u00adzen\u00adle\u00adme ya\u00adp\u0131l\u00adma\u00ads\u0131\u00adna ih\u00adti\u00adya\u00e7 du\u00adyuldu\u011fu\u201d \u015feklindeki gerek\u00e7esine vurgu yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (AYM, E.2023\/80, K.2024\/142, 23\/7\/2024, \u00a7 29).<\/p>\n
17. Kararda ayr\u0131ca yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilebilmesi i\u00e7in mahk\u00fbm olunan cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131, ki\u015finin infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememesi ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi h\u00e2lli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaatin olu\u015fmas\u0131 \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fiye a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 k\u00fclfet y\u00fckleyip y\u00fcklemedi\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
18. Bu kapsamda yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilebilmesi i\u00e7in infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren ge\u00e7mesi gereken \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre \u015fart\u0131yla \u00f6zel sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015flar\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde veya serbest olarak hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresiz olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrenin hekimlik mesle\u011finin niteli\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde makul ve orant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu, \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememe ve bu s\u00fcrenin iyi h\u00e2lli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede kanaatin olu\u015fmas\u0131nda bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te yeni bir su\u00e7un i\u015flenmemesinin etkili oldu\u011fu, bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle h\u00e2kime bu konuda s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir takdir yetkisinin verilmedi\u011fi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n niteli\u011fi, toplumda olu\u015fturdu\u011fu etki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n, hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlara a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklemedi\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ( AYM, E.2023\/80, K.2024\/142, 23\/7\/2024, \u00a7\u00a7 30-35).<\/p>\n
19. S\u00f6z konusu kararda Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda kanunilik, me\u015fru ama\u00e7 ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesinin alt ilkelerinden elveri\u015flilik ve gereklilik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan belirtilen gerek\u00e7eler, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 49. maddelerinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne s\u0131n\u0131rlama getiren bu kural y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de ge\u00e7erlidir. Bununla birlikte g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma su\u00e7undan hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olanlar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden an\u0131lan hakka getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n orant\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131ca de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
20. G\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma su\u00e7undan hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olanlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi karar\u0131yla hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir engel bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Nitekim 5352 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 13\/A maddesi gere\u011fince yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi i\u00e7in mahk\u00fbm olunan cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131, ki\u015finin bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi h\u00e2lli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaatin olu\u015fmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Buna g\u00f6re say\u0131lan ko\u015fullar\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu su\u00e7tan hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olan ki\u015fiye a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 k\u00fclfet y\u00fckleyip y\u00fcklemedi\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n
21. Kanun koyucu kuralla g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma su\u00e7unun niteli\u011fi, i\u015flenme \u015fekli, toplumda yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etki ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ile su\u00e7la korunan hukuki menfaati g\u00f6zeterek bu su\u00e7tan hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmamay\u0131 hekimlik mesle\u011finin icra edilme \u015fartlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. S\u00f6z konusu su\u00e7un niteli\u011fi ve korunan hukuki menfaat dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda mahk\u00fbm olunan cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren ge\u00e7mesi gereken \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrenin makul ve orant\u0131l\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
22. Bu itibarla kuralla g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma su\u00e7undan hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n \u00f6zel sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015flar\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde veya serbest olarak hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra etmeleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bir hak yoksunlu\u011fu getirilmekte ise de yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumuyla birlikte bu hak yoksunlu\u011funun s\u00fcresiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrenin ise di\u011fer \u015fartlarla birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma su\u00e7undan hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olanlara a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklemedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
23. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma su\u00e7undan hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra edemeyeceklerini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren kural bak\u0131m\u0131ndan an\u0131lan karardan ayr\u0131lmay\u0131 gerektiren bir durum bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
24. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 48. ve 49. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130tiraz\u0131n reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Engin YILDIRIM, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e ve Kenan YA\u015eAR bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. ve 20. maddelerine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 48. ve 49. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. ve 20. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
IV. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
11\/4\/1928 tarihli ve 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Tababet ve \u015euabat\u0131 San’atlar\u0131n\u0131n Tarz\u0131 \u0130cras\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un 23\/1\/2008 tarihli ve 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 25. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 28. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u2026g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma,\u2026\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve itiraz\u0131n REDD\u0130NE, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Engin YILDIRIM, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e ile Kenan YA\u015eAR\u2019\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131oylar\u0131 ve OY\u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA 27\/3\/2025 tarihinde karar verildi.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Metin KIRATLI<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/p>\n
1. 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK\u2019n\u0131n 53\/1.e,2. maddesi gere\u011fi ki\u015finin i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 h\u00fckmedilen hapis cezas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak cezas\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131 tamamlan\u0131ncaya kadar mesle\u011fini yapamama y\u00f6n\u00fcnde hak yoksunlu\u011fu uygulanacakt\u0131r. Bundan ayr\u0131ca \u0130ncelemeye konu 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 28. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131nda say\u0131lan su\u00e7lar aras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u2026g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma, \u2026\u201d ibaresi uyar\u0131nca, an\u0131lan su\u00e7u i\u015fleyen ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda mahkumiyete ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131ndan s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle bu durumdaki hekimler \u00f6m\u00fcr boyunca \u00f6zel muayene a\u00e7\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015famayacaklar\u0131 gibi \u00f6zel bir sa\u011fl\u0131k biriminde hekim olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015famayacaklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2. \u00c7o\u011funluk gerek\u00e7esinde incelenen kurala kar\u015f\u0131n 5332 say\u0131l\u0131 Adli Sicil Kanununun 13\/A maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumu ile birlikte incelenerek, an\u0131lan yasal yol gere\u011fi anayasal d\u00fczene kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7tan mahkum olanlar\u0131n cezalar\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131ndan sonra \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mesi ve mahkemenin bu s\u00fcrede hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi halli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc konusunda olumlu kanaate varmas\u0131 durumunda hak yoksunlu\u011funun kalkaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden hareket edilmi\u015f ve bu gerek\u00e7elerle kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. Bu konunun de\u011ferlendirilebilmesi i\u00e7in ilgili kanunlar\u0131n d\u00fczenlenme tarihleriyle birlikte anlam ve kapsamlar\u0131na g\u00f6z at\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. 5332 say\u0131l\u0131 Adli Sicil Kanununun 13\/A maddesi, 6.12.2006 tarihli ve 5560 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 38. maddesiyle Kanuna eklenmi\u015ftir. 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu ise 1 Haziran 2005 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir. \u00d6te yandan 11.04.1928 tarihli 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Tababet ve \u015euabat\u0131 San\u2019atlar\u0131n\u0131n Tarz\u0131 \u0130cras\u0131na Dair Kanunun hekimlik mesle\u011fini yapmaya hak kazananlara hak yoksunlu\u011funu d\u00fczenleyen 28. maddesi ise 23.1.2008 tarihli ve 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 25. maddesiyle yeniden d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere hekimlere hak yoksunlu\u011funu getiren \u00f6zel d\u00fczenleme, gerek TCK ve gerekse Adli Sicil Kanununun 13\/A maddesinin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden sonra, ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle ilgili kurallar bilinerek d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle kural hekimlik mesle\u011fine ili\u015fkin \u00f6zel d\u00fczenleme niteli\u011findedir.<\/p>\n
4. \u0130ncelenen 28\/1. madde ve f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ilk c\u00fcmlesi \u201cHekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in; T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53. maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile\u201d ibaresiyle ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece Kanun koyucunun bu \u00f6zel d\u00fczenleme ile an\u0131lan bentte say\u0131lan su\u00e7lar ve bu arada g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma su\u00e7undan mahkumiyet halinde s\u00fcresiz bir hak yoksunlu\u011fu \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sonucunun \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
5. \u015e\u00fcphesiz kamu g\u00f6revinde istihdam edileceklerle ilgili s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar me\u015fru ama\u00e7lar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ayr\u0131ca de\u011ferlendirilebilir. Bununla birlikte kanunla bir meslek mensubunun \u00f6zel ya\u015fam\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kazanma imkan\u0131ndan s\u00fcresiz olarak yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n demokratik toplumda gereklili\u011fi ve orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 hale gelecek ve bu durumun Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 48, 49. maddeleriyle ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 olabilecektir. Nitekim AYM\u2019nin 2008\/17 E., 2010\/44 K. say\u0131l\u0131 ve 25.2.2010 tarihli karar\u0131nda benzer de\u011ferlendirmelerle 28. maddedeki bir k\u0131s\u0131m su\u00e7larla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak iptal karar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. \u0130ptal gerek\u00e7esinde, kuraldaki d\u00fczenlemelerde meslek veya g\u00f6revlerin \u00f6zellikleri, su\u00e7lar\u0131n ve cezalar\u0131n niteli\u011fi, cezalar miktar\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n ve bir kademelendirme yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n eylemle orant\u0131s\u0131z bir hak yoksunlu\u011fu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesinin adaletli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hukuk devleti ilkesiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Benzer de\u011ferlendirmeler Mahkemenin 2008\/80 E., 2011\/81 K., 18.5.2011 ile 2012\/61 E., 2012\/135 K., 27.9.2012 tarih ve say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda da yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan a\u00e7\u0131klanan iptal gerek\u00e7elerine kar\u015f\u0131n kamu g\u00f6revlileri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Dan\u0131\u015ftay kararlar\u0131nda Adli Sicil Kanununun 13\/A maddesindeki s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7se ve yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n iadesine karar verilse dahi 657 say\u0131l\u0131 DMK\u2019nun 48. maddesi uyar\u0131nca an\u0131lan maddede say\u0131lan su\u00e7lardan mahkum olanlar\u0131n devlet memurlu\u011funa girmelerinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir (bkz. Dan\u0131\u015ftay \u0130DDK 27.6.2022, E. 2022\/1141, K. 2022\/2318; 5.10.2023, E. 2023\/444, K. 2023\/1833).<\/p>\n
6. Ayr\u0131ca belirtilmelidir ki \u00e7o\u011funluk gerek\u00e7esindeki gibi 5332 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 13\/A maddesindeki d\u00fczenlemenin buna istisna olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmekteyse, incelemeye konu \u00f6zel d\u00fczenlemede bu hususun da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmesi gerekirdi. Kural\u0131n bu d\u00fczenleni\u015f bi\u00e7imi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ihtilafl\u0131 yorum veya i\u00e7tihatlarla bu imkan\u0131n tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirmeler, kanundaki belirsizli\u011fi ve kalite sorununu a\u015fmaya yeterli olmayacakt\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr de\u011ferlendirmeler uygulaman\u0131n gelecekte aksi y\u00f6nde geli\u015fmesini \u00f6nleme g\u00fcvencesini ta\u015f\u0131mamaktad\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131m hukuki gerek\u00e7eler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda incelenen kural\u0131n iptal edilmesi gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndeyim.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/p>\n
1. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma izni talebinin reddine ili\u015fkin i\u015flemin iptali istemiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davada yarg\u0131lamay\u0131 yapan mahkeme 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Tababet ve \u015euabat\u0131 San’atlar\u0131n\u0131n Tarz\u0131 \u0130cras\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un 23\/1\/2008 tarihli ve 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 29. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 45. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile di\u015f hekimli\u011fi mesle\u011finin icras\u0131na engel te\u015fkil eden kuraldaki \u201c\u2026g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma\u2026\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na vararak kural\u0131n iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
2. Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, di\u015f hekimli\u011fi mesle\u011fi ile ilgili getirilen hak yoksunlu\u011funun s\u00fcresiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu yoksunlu\u011fun belirli bir s\u00fcreyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedir. Kural, hak yoksunlu\u011funun \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu s\u00fcrenin, anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczene kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar i\u00e7in a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle iptal talebinin reddine karar vermi\u015ftir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanacak sebeplerle \u00e7o\u011funluk karar\u0131na i\u015ftirak edilmemi\u015ftir. \u015e\u00f6yle ki;<\/p>\n
3. 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 53. maddesinde ki\u015finin i\u015flemi\u015f bulundu\u011fu su\u00e7 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla mahk\u00fbm oldu\u011fu hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131 tamamlan\u0131ncaya kadar bu haklar\u0131 kullanamayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
4. \u0130tiraz konusu kural ile Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbmiyet halinde belirli mesleklerin ve g\u00f6revlerin icra edilemeyece\u011fi belirtilerek cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131yla birlikte g\u00fcvenlik tedbirlerinin de sona erece\u011fine ili\u015fkin kural\u0131n aksine belirli meslek ve g\u00f6revlerin icra edilmesi s\u00fcresiz olarak engellenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
5. \u0130tiraz konusu kuralla bu t\u00fcr mahk\u00fbmiyet alan hekimlerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirilmektedir.<\/p>\n
6. Temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere getirilecek s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. Maddesi uyar\u0131nca \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekir. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesinin amac\u0131 temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin gere\u011finden fazla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesidir. Anayasa Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi, s\u0131n\u0131rlama i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan arac\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlama amac\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye uygun olmas\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden elveri\u015flilik, s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6nlemin s\u0131n\u0131rlama amac\u0131na ula\u015fmak bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zorunlu olmas\u0131na i\u015faret eden gereklilik ve ara\u00e7la amac\u0131n orant\u0131s\u0131z bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc i\u00e7inde bulunmamas\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck getirmemesi anlam\u0131na gelen orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir (B\u00fclent Polat [GK], B. No: 2013\/7666, 10\/12\/2015, \u00a7 106; Tevfik T\u00fcrkmen [GK], B. No: 2013\/9704, 3\/3\/2016, \u00a7 70; B\u00fclent Kaya [GK], B. No: 2013\/2941, 11\/5\/2016, \u00a7 82; Ferhat \u00dcst\u00fcnda\u011f, B. No: 2014\/15428, 17\/7\/2018, \u00a7\u00a7 45, 48; C.A. (3), \u00a7 115).<\/p>\n
7. Ceza hukukunda, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya bir su\u00e7un kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmak \u00fczere \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen asli cezan\u0131n yan\u0131nda, bu cezan\u0131n etkisini art\u0131rmak, su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinde cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in, asli cezaya ek olarak baz\u0131 hak yoksunluklar\u0131 da getirilmi\u015ftir. Ancak, ceza hukuku alan\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi hak yoksunlu\u011fu getiren iptal davas\u0131na konu d\u00fczenlemelerde de kurallar\u0131n, \u00f6nleme ve iyile\u015ftirme ama\u00e7lar\u0131na uygun olarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc, adil ve orant\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekir. Yasa koyucunun hak yoksunluklar\u0131n\u0131 belirlerken takdir hakk\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesindeki tercih serbestisinin de Anayasa’ya uygun olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. (AYM, E.2008\/17, K.2010\/44, 25\/02\/2010,)<\/p>\n
8. Yukar\u0131da ifade etti\u011fimiz \u00fczere normal \u015fartlarda cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131 ile di\u011fer hak yoksunluklar\u0131 da sona erer. Ceza s\u00fcresini a\u015fan bir hak yoksunlu\u011fu getirmek ceza hukuku alan\u0131ndaki \u00f6nleme ve iyile\u015ftirme ama\u00e7lar\u0131na uygun olmayacakt\u0131r. Cezas\u0131 infaz edilmi\u015f bir ki\u015finin s\u00fcresiz olarak veya ilave bir s\u00fcre daha mesle\u011fini icra edememesi bireyin toplumsal hayata uyum sa\u011flamas\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131racak ve belki de baz\u0131 yeni su\u00e7lar\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 aralayacakt\u0131r. Bu suretle as\u0131l ceza infaz olunduktan sonra meslek ve g\u00f6revlerin icra edilmesi i\u00e7in ilave bir hak yoksunlu\u011fu getirilmesi tedbiri \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
9. Anayasa Mahkemesi norm denetimi kapsam\u0131nda, s\u00fcresiz olarak bir mesle\u011fi icra edememe ile ilgili verdi\u011fi bir karar\u0131nda \u201c23.1.2008 Tarihli ve 5728 Say\u0131l\u0131 Temel Ceza Kanunlar\u0131na Uyum Amac\u0131yla \u00c7e\u015fitli Kanunlarda ve Di\u011fer Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un 25. maddesi ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 11.4.1928 tarihli ve 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Tababet ve \u015euabat\u0131 San’atlar\u0131n\u0131n Tarz\u0131 \u0130cras\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un 28. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u201c…milli savunmaya kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar, devlet s\u0131rlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar ve casusluk, kamunun sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar,…\u201d ibarelerini incelemi\u015f ve Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6rerek iptal etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
10. \u201cDava konusu d\u00fczenlemeler, meslek veya g\u00f6revlerin \u00f6zellikleri, su\u00e7lar\u0131n niteli\u011fi, bu su\u00e7lara verilen cezalar ve cezalar\u0131n s\u00fcresi, kas\u0131tla veya taksirle i\u015flenip i\u015flenmedi\u011fine bak\u0131lmamas\u0131 ve bir kademelendirme de yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 ve bu su\u00e7lardan mahkum olanlar\u0131n belirli meslekleri ve g\u00f6revleri s\u00fcrekli olarak icra edememeleri, i\u015fledikleri su\u00e7lara g\u00f6re adaletli ve eylemle orant\u0131l\u0131 olmayan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir hak yoksunlu\u011funa yol a\u00e7mas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde belirtilen \u2018Hukuk Devleti\u2019 ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ptali gerekir.\u201d (AYM, E.2008\/17, K.2010\/44, 25.2.2010)<\/p>\n
11. \u0130tiraz konusu kural ile di\u015f hekimli\u011fi mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 49. maddelerinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u201c\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131na \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama\u201d niteli\u011findedir. Kural kamu ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 yapmaks\u0131z\u0131n di\u015f hekimli\u011fi mesle\u011fini icra edilebilmesine s\u00fcresiz bir s\u0131n\u0131r getirmektedir.<\/p>\n
12. Anayasa Mahkemesi bir\u00e7ok karar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik s\u0131n\u0131rlamalarda kamu ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r ayr\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7erip i\u00e7ermedi\u011fine bakm\u0131\u015f ve buna g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirme yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n
13. Ba\u015fvurucunun \u0130dare taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yasa\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir karar al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair bir iddias\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, somut olaya konu idari i\u015flemin \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 engelleyen bir i\u00e7eri\u011finin oldu\u011funu da ortaya koyamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurgulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durumda yukar\u0131daki a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ba\u015fvurucunun s\u0131nav\u0131 kazanarak harita m\u00fchendisi olarak atanmaya hak kazanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen atama tarihi itibar\u0131yla ge\u00e7erli olan Kanun’da belirlenen kamu g\u00f6revlisi olarak atanma \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespit edilmesi \u00fczerine ataman\u0131n yap\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131n -ba\u015fvurucunun \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 hususlar\u0131 da g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde- demokratik toplum gereklerine uygun ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez (Cem Tur\u011fut, B. No: 2019\/16656, 18\/10\/2023).<\/p>\n
14. \u00d6te yandan Anayasa Mahkemesi daha \u00f6nce Ahmet G\u00f6deo\u011flu karar\u0131nda, mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak hekimlik mesle\u011findeki hak ve yetkilerini kullanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu yasaklanmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine karar vermi\u015ftir (B. No: 2018\/28616, 17.11.2021). S\u00f6z konusu kararda Ba\u015fvurucunun g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma su\u00e7undan mahk\u00fbm oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra etmesine izin verilmemi\u015ftir. AYM taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde dahi s\u00fcresiz bir \u015fekilde mesle\u011fin icras\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131na sebep olan tedbirin \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131na orant\u0131s\u0131z bir m\u00fcdahalede bulunuldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
15. Yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere; Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin mahk\u00fbmiyete ba\u011fl\u0131 s\u00fcresiz hak yoksunlu\u011fu \u00f6ng\u00f6ren kurallar\u0131 norm denetiminde iptal etti\u011fi bu kurallar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 \u00fczerine tesis edilen i\u015flemlerle ilgili yap\u0131lan bireysel ba\u015fvuru incelemesinde de ihlal karar\u0131 verildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
16. Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu ilave hak yoksunlu\u011fu getiren kural\u0131n s\u00fcresiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu s\u00fcrenin yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumuyla ilgilinin mesle\u011fini icra edebilece\u011fini kuraldaki su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlara a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklemedi\u011fini belirtmi\u015f ise de yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi yolu m\u00fcdahaleyi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc hale getirmemektedir.<\/p>\n
17. 5352 say\u0131l\u0131 Adli Sicil Kanunun 13\/A maddesi uyar\u0131nca yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi mahk\u00fbm olunan cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131, ki\u015finin infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememesi ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi halli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaatin olu\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda ancak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktad\u0131r. Yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi otomatik i\u015fleyen bir yol de\u011fildir. \u0130lgili ki\u015finin cezas\u0131 infaz olsa, \u00fczerinden \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l ge\u00e7se, bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde ilgili su\u00e7 i\u015flemese dahi yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi h\u00e2kimin takdirine kalmaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer \u015fartlar yerine geldi\u011finde ilgili mahkemeden yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n\u0131n geri verilmesini talep etti\u011finde hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi halli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaat olu\u015fmamas\u0131 durumunda \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre daha da uzayacakt\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki karar bu yolun ne kadar sorunlu oldu\u011funa iyi bir \u00f6rnektir. \u0130lgili ki\u015fi yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi i\u00e7in talepte bulunmu\u015f, mahkeme talebini reddetmi\u015f ve ilgili y\u0131llar sonra bireysel ba\u015fvuru ile hakk\u0131na kavu\u015fabilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
18. Somut olayda ba\u015fvurucu, \u00f6nceden mahk\u00fbm oldu\u011fu cezalar\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren 16 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f oldu\u011funu gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stererek memnu haklar\u0131n iadesini talep etmi\u015ftir. Bulancak Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi; sonraki y\u0131llarda ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu kapsamda hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi h\u00e2lli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda yeterli kanaat olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7eleriyle ba\u015fvuruyu reddetmi\u015ftir. \u0130tiraz mercii de an\u0131lan talebi somut olayla ilgisi olmayan ar\u015fiv kayd\u0131n\u0131n silinmesine ili\u015fkin madde kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirmi\u015f ve itiraz\u0131 reddetmi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer bir ifadeyle kanun yolu incelemesi sonucunda verilen kararda, de\u011ferlendirme konusu derece mahkemesinin gerek\u00e7esinin yerine ba\u015fka bir gerek\u00e7e ikame edilmi\u015f ve somut olayla ilgisiz bir kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcne dayan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durumda ba\u015fvurucunun ayr\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131k bir yan\u0131t verilmesini gerektiren ve talebinin kabul edilebilmesine neden olabilecek nitelikte olan “hakk\u0131ndaki cezalar\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren 16 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f oldu\u011funa” dair iddias\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ve kar\u015f\u0131lanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcreci bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde ba\u015fvurucunun gerek\u00e7eli karar hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle ba\u015fvurucunun Anayasa’n\u0131n 36. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki gerek\u00e7eli karar hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verilmesi gerekir. (M\u00fcmtaz Bekci, B. No: 2014\/16269, 8\/11\/2017, \u00a7 29-31)<\/p>\n
19. Bu \u00f6rnekten anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere \u00e7o\u011funluk karar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck konusundaki gerek\u00e7esi olan yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n (hak yoksunluklar\u0131n\u0131n) geri verilmesi kurumunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, talebin reddedilebilece\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131na getirilen m\u00fcdahaleyi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc hale getirmemektedir.<\/p>\n
20. A\u00e7\u0131klanan sebeplerle itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2, 13., 48. ve 49. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kanaati ile \u00e7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne i\u015ftirak edilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/p>\n
1. Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun 11\/4\/1928 tarihli ve 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Tababet ve \u015euabat\u0131 San’atlar\u0131n\u0131n Tarz\u0131 \u0130cras\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un 23\/1\/2008 tarihli ve 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 25. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 28. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201cg\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin kanaatine kat\u0131lmamaktay\u0131m.<\/p>\n
2. Dava konusu ibarenin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 28. maddesinde hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in baz\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahkum olmamak say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup bunlar i\u00e7erisinde birinci f\u0131krada T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun 53. maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma su\u00e7undan hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmamak da yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmede, kuralla hekimlik i\u00e7in bir hak yoksunlu\u011fu getirilmekte ise de yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumuyla bu hak yoksunlu\u011funun esas\u0131nda s\u00fcresiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu s\u00fcrenin yeni kurumla birlikte di\u011fer ko\u015fullar\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131lla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu s\u00fcrenin de hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma su\u00e7undan mahk\u00fbm olanlara a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklemedi\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015farak kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 48. ve 49. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (bkz.: \u00a7\u00a7 20-22).<\/p>\n
4. \u00d6ncelikle ifade etmek gerekir kural kamu veya \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 yapmaks\u0131z\u0131n hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Ancak hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma su\u00e7undan hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm edilmi\u015f olmak \u015fart\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan kural gere\u011fi bu su\u00e7tan mahkumiyetin bir sonucu olarak ki\u015fi hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131 herhangi bir s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiremeyecektir.<\/p>\n
5. Hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131n bu \u015fekilde s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funluk karar\u0131nda ifade edildi\u011fi bi\u00e7imde me\u015fru bir amaca dayan\u0131yor olsa bile dava konusu kural bu t\u00fcr mahkumiyet alan hekimler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 49. maddelerinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131na \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirmektedir.<\/p>\n
6. Nitekim bu minvalde yap\u0131lan bir bireysel ba\u015fvuruda Anayasa Mahkemesi g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanmak su\u00e7undan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak ba\u015fvurucunun hekimlik mesle\u011findeki hak ve yetkilerini kullanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu yasaklanmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine karar vermi\u015ftir (Bkz.: Ahmet G\u00f6deo\u011flu, B. No: 2018\/28616, 17\/11\/2021, \u00a7\u00a7 45-52).<\/p>\n
7. Her ne kadar bireysel ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131ndaki bu gerek\u00e7eyi Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu bu kararda revize ederek dava konusu kuralla hekimlik i\u00e7in bir hak yoksunlu\u011fu getirilmekte ise de yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumuyla bu hak yoksunlu\u011funun esas\u0131nda s\u00fcresiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu s\u00fcrenin yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumuyla birlikte di\u011fer ko\u015fullar\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131lla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u00fcrenin hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma su\u00e7undan mahk\u00fbm olanlara a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklemedi\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir (bkz.: \u00a7 22). Bununla birlikte kanaatimizce burada hekimlerin an\u0131lan haklar\u0131na yine de \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir m\u00fcdahale s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n
8. Somut kural ba\u011flam\u0131nda hekimlerin hak yoksunlu\u011fu, as\u0131l cezan\u0131n \u00e7ektirilmesi sonras\u0131nda 25\/5\/2005 tarih ve 5352 say\u0131l\u0131 Adli Sicil Kanunu\u2019na 6\/12\/2006 tarih ve 5560 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7e\u015fitli Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Kanun’un 38. maddesiyle eklenen 13\/A maddesinde yeniden d\u00fczenlenen yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi yolu i\u015fletilerek mahk\u00fbm olunan cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131, ki\u015finin infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememesi ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi halli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaatin olu\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda kald\u0131r\u0131labilmektedir.<\/p>\n
9. Bununla birlikte ifade etmek gerekir ki yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi otomatik bi\u00e7imde i\u015fleyen ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen bu \u00fc\u00e7 \u015fart\u0131n birlikte ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi durumunda her halde olumlu sonu\u00e7 al\u0131nabilen etkili bir yol \u015feklinde sonu\u00e7 vermeye m\u00fcsait olmaktan uzakt\u0131r. Zira Kanun\u2019daki d\u00fczenleni\u015f bi\u00e7iminde de \u201ckanunlar\u0131n belli bir su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 veya belli bir cezaya mahk\u00fbmiyete ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hak yoksunluklar\u0131n\u0131n giderilebilmesi i\u00e7in\u201d yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi yoluna gidilebilece\u011fi ifade edilmektedir. Ek olarak, buradaki \u201cgidilebilece\u011fi\u201d \u015feklindeki ifade mahkum olan ki\u015fiye y\u00f6nelik olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa dahi bu konuda verilecek kararda bu \u00fc\u00e7 \u015fart\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde yer alan \u201chayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi halli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaat olu\u015fmas\u0131\u201d \u015feklinde hakime takdir yetkisi tan\u0131yan bir ibare bulundu\u011fu dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
10. Elbette hakimlerin takdirlerini Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 138. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda da vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere \u201cAnayasaya, kanuna ve hukuka uygun olarak vicdani kanaatlerine g\u00f6re\u201d kullanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Ancak di\u011fer iki \u015fart olan cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve ki\u015finin infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememesi gibi net \u015fartlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ra\u011fmen yine de \u201chayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi halli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaat olu\u015fmas\u0131\u201d \u015fart\u0131na yer verilmesi uygulamada takdire ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak olumsuz sonu\u00e7lar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n ihtimal dahilinde oldu\u011funu akla getirmektedir.<\/p>\n
11. Uygulamada yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi yoluna ba\u015fvuruldu\u011funda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan kimi olumsuz \u00f6rnekler de bu endi\u015feyi hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmakta olup bu durum dava konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya uygunluk denetiminde bu hususun da dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Zira burada takdire ba\u011fl\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131n, uygulamada kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan kimi \u00f6rneklerde de g\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011fi \u00fczere bu hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 etkisizle\u015ftirebilece\u011finden kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya uygunluk denetiminde bu hususun da g\u00f6zden uzak tutulmamas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
12. Nitekim Anayasa Mahkemesine yap\u0131lan bir bireysel ba\u015fvuruda verilen ihlal karar\u0131 bu konudaki uygulaman\u0131n nas\u0131l amac\u0131na uygun sonu\u00e7 vermedi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu cezalara ili\u015fkin kararlar\u0131n kesinle\u015fip yerine getirildi\u011fi, infaz tarihlerinin \u00fczerinden 16 y\u0131la yak\u0131n bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7ti\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek kanunda belirtilen \u015fartlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini iddia eden ba\u015fvurucu asliye ceza mahkemesinden memnu haklar\u0131n iadesi talebinde bulunmu\u015ftur. Bunun \u00fczerine derece mahkemelerince hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi halli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda yeterli kanaat olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan talebi yerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. Yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvuru \u00fczerine Anayasa Mahkemesi, ba\u015fvurucunun ayr\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131k bir yan\u0131t verilmesini gerektiren ve talebinin kabul edilebilmesine neden olabilecek nitelikte olan “hakk\u0131ndaki cezalar\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren 16 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f oldu\u011funa” dair iddias\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ve kar\u015f\u0131lanmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fvurucunun Anayasa’n\u0131n 36. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki gerek\u00e7eli karar hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlali olarak de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir (Bkz.: M\u00fcmtaz Bekci, B. No: 2014\/16269, 8\/11\/2017, \u00a7\u00a7 29-31).<\/p>\n
13. Ek olarak bahse konu mesle\u011fin hekimlik mesle\u011fi oldu\u011fu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutuldu\u011funda yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi yoluna ancak as\u0131l cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l ge\u00e7tikten sonra ba\u015fvurulabilmesi de \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc daha net bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6stermektedir. Zira ki\u015fi zaten as\u0131l cezay\u0131 \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. Buna ra\u011fmen hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mesini beklemek hekimlerin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 49. maddelerinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahaleyi daha da \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz hale sokacakt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla as\u0131l cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131yla birlikte hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen g\u00fcvenlik tedbirinin sona ermemesi somut kural ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc daha da belirginle\u015ftirmektedir.<\/p>\n
14. Sonu\u00e7 olarak yukar\u0131da s\u0131ralanan gerek\u00e7eyle 11\/4\/1928 tarihli ve 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Tababet ve \u015euabat\u0131 San’atlar\u0131n\u0131n Tarz\u0131 \u0130cras\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un 23\/1\/2008 tarihli ve 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 25. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 28. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201cg\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma\u201d ibaresinin ki\u015filerin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 49. maddelerinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahaleyi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz hale getirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 48. ve 49. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fundan iptali gerekti\u011fi kanaatiyle Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun aksi y\u00f6ndeki karar\u0131na kat\u0131lmamaktay\u0131m.<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 27\/3\/2025 tarihli, 2024\/195 esas – 2025\/85 karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/195 Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2025\/85 Karar Tarihi : 27\/3\/2025 R.G.Tarih-Say\u0131 : 16\/7\/2025-32957 \u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: Antalya 3. \u0130dare Mahkemesi \u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 11\/4\/1928 tarihli ve 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Tababet ve \u015euabat\u0131 San’atlar\u0131n\u0131n Tarz\u0131 \u0130cras\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un 23\/1\/2008 tarihli ve 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 25. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 28. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u2026g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma,\u2026\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 13., 20. ve 49. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptaline karar verilmesi talebidir. OLAY: \u00d6zel muayenehane a\u00e7ma talebinin reddine y\u00f6nelik i\u015flemin iptali talebiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davada itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur. I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN VE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 G\u00d6R\u00dcLEN KANUN H\u00dcK\u00dcMLER\u0130 A. \u0130ptali \u0130stenen Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fc Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu kural\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 28. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u201cMadde 28 \u2013 (De\u011fi\u015fik: 23\/1\/2008-5728\/25 md.) Hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in; T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile; kasten i\u015flenen bir su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 be\u015f y\u0131l veya daha fazla s\u00fcreyle ya da devletin g\u00fcvenli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar, Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar, (\u2026) zimmet, irtik\u00e2p, r\u00fc\u015fvet, h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k, doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, sahtecilik, g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma, hileli iflas, ihaleye fesat kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, edimin ifas\u0131na fesat kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, su\u00e7tan kaynaklanan malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlerini aklama veya ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmamak gerekir. \u0130cray\u0131 sanat …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-147834","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n