ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI<\/p>\n
Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2025\/29<\/p>\n
Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2025\/102<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi : 22\/4\/2025<\/p>\n
R.G.Tarih-Say\u0131 : 23\/6\/2025-32935<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: Ankara 20. \u0130dare Mahkemesi<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 4\/1\/2002 tarihli ve 4734 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamu \u0130hale Kanunu\u2019nun 53. maddesinin (j) f\u0131kras\u0131na 16\/11\/2022 tarihli ve 7421 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 11. maddesiyle eklenen be\u015finci paragraf\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 35. ve 138. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptaline karar verilmesi talebidir.<\/p>\n
OLAY: Kamu \u0130hale Kurumuna (Kurum) yat\u0131r\u0131lan s\u00f6zle\u015fme bedelinin on binde be\u015fi tutar\u0131ndaki pay\u0131n iade edilmesi talebiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davada itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN KANUN H\u00dcKM\u00dc<\/p>\n
Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu kural\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 53. maddesinin ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201cKamu \u0130hale Kurumu<\/p>\n
Madde 53-\u2026<\/p>\n
\u2026<\/p>\n
j) Kurumun gelirleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n
1) (De\u011fi\u015fik: 30\/7\/2003-4964\/32 md.) Bu Kanun kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ihalelere ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlenecek s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerden, bedeli y\u00fczmilyar T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fanlar i\u00e7in y\u00fckleniciden tahsil edilecek s\u00f6zle\u015fme bedelinin onbinde be\u015fi. (\u0130dareler ve noterler bu tutar\u0131n y\u00fcklenici taraf\u0131ndan Kurum hesaplar\u0131na yat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin imzalanmas\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131nda aramak zorundad\u0131r.)<\/p>\n
\u2026<\/p>\n
(Ek paragraf:16\/11\/2022-7421\/11 md.) Bu f\u0131kran\u0131n (1) numaral\u0131 bendi uyar\u0131nca tahsil edilen bedel hi\u00e7bir durumda iade edilmez.<\/p>\n
\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n
II. \u0130LK \u0130NCELEME<\/p>\n
1. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Basri BA\u011eCI, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR, Muhterem \u0130NCE, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L, \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR ve Metin KIRATLI\u2019n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 11\/2\/2025 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda dosyada eksiklik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015fin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. ESASIN \u0130NCELENMES\u0130<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131 ve ekleri, Raport\u00f6r Cem G\u00dcNDO\u011eDU taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan i\u015fin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin rapor, itiraz konusu kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc, dayan\u0131lan ve ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fclen Anayasa kurallar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n gerek\u00e7eleri ile di\u011fer yasama belgeleri okunup incelendikten sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. Genel A\u00e7\u0131klama<\/p>\n
3. Kamu hukukuna tabi olan veya kamunun denetimi alt\u0131nda bulunan ya da kamu kayna\u011f\u0131 kullanan kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yapacaklar\u0131 ihalelerde uygulanacak esas ve usuller 4734 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
4. An\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un \u201c\u0130halenin karara ba\u011flanmas\u0131 ve onaylanmas\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 40. maddesinde ihalenin ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan en avantajl\u0131 teklifi veren isteklinin \u00fczerine b\u0131rak\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ve ihale komisyonunun gerek\u00e7eli karar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyerek ihale yetkilisinin onay\u0131na sunaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
5. Yine s\u00f6z konusu maddeye g\u00f6re ihale yetkilisi, karar tarihini izleyen en ge\u00e7 be\u015f i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7inde ihale karar\u0131n\u0131 onaylayacak veya gerek\u00e7esini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtmek suretiyle iptal edebilecektir. \u0130hale; karar\u0131n onaylanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde ge\u00e7erli, iptal edilmesi durumunda ise h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz say\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
6. Kanun\u2019un 46. maddesinde ise yap\u0131lan t\u00fcm ihalelerin bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ba\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olup bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin d\u00fczenlenmesi ve uygulanmas\u0131yla ilgili esas ve usuller 5\/1\/2002 tarihli ve 4735 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamu \u0130hale S\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri Kanunu\u2019nda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
7. 4734 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 54 il\u00e2 56. maddelerinde de ihale s\u00fcrecine ve ihale s\u00fcreci sonunda al\u0131nan ihale karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lacak olan \u015fik\u00e2yet ve itirazen \u015fik\u00e2yet yollar\u0131 ile bu ba\u015fvurular \u00fczerine ihaleyi yapan idare veya Kurum taraf\u0131ndan verilebilecek kararlar d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 54. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda bu ba\u015fvurular, dava a\u00e7\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce t\u00fcketilmesi zorunlu idari ba\u015fvuru yollar\u0131 olarak g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
8. Kanun\u2019un 54. maddesinin on birinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re \u015fik\u00e2yet ve itirazen \u015fik\u00e2yet ba\u015fvurular\u0131 \u00fczerine ihaleyi yapan idare veya Kurum taraf\u0131ndan ihalenin iptaline, d\u00fczeltici i\u015flem belirlenmesine veya ba\u015fvurunun reddine karar verilebilmektedir. Bu itibarla \u015fik\u00e2yet veya itirazen \u015fik\u00e2yet ba\u015fvurusu sonucunda ihale \u00fczerine kalan ki\u015finin de\u011fi\u015fmesi veya ihalenin t\u00fcmden iptal edilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
9. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin imzalanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde olu\u015fabilecek olumsuz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi i\u00e7in Kanun\u2019un 55. maddesinin be\u015finci f\u0131kras\u0131nda idareye \u015fik\u00e2yet ba\u015fvurusunda bulunulmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, ba\u015fvuru \u00fczerine al\u0131nan karar\u0131n son bildirim tarihini; s\u00fcresi i\u00e7erisinde bir karar al\u0131nmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde ise bu s\u00fcrenin bitimini izleyen tarihten itibaren on g\u00fcn ge\u00e7meden ve itirazen \u015fik\u00e2yet ba\u015fvurusunda bulunulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususuna ili\u015fkin olarak sorgulama yap\u0131lmadan veya itirazen \u015fik\u00e2yet ba\u015fvurusunda bulunulmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde ise Kurum taraf\u0131ndan nihai karar verilmeden s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin imzalanmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lke olarak itirazen \u015fik\u00e2yet ba\u015fvurusu sonu\u00e7lanmadan s\u00f6zle\u015fme imzalanmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmekle birlikte 56. maddenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda usule uyulmadan s\u00f6zle\u015fme imzalanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 itirazen \u015fik\u00e2yet ba\u015fvurusunun incelenmesine ve 54. maddede say\u0131lan kararlardan birinin al\u0131nmas\u0131na engel g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
10. T\u00fcm bu s\u00fcrecin ihale \u00fczerine kalan ki\u015fi lehine sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131 durumunda ihale s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ba\u011flanacakt\u0131r. Ancak 54. maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince aday veya istekli ile istekli olabilecek konumda olmayan ki\u015filerin do\u011frudan dava a\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu durumlar ile ihale s\u00fcrecine ili\u015fkin olarak yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvurular \u00fczerine verilen kararlara kar\u015f\u0131 yarg\u0131 yolunun a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131 sebebiyle ihalesi yap\u0131lan i\u015flere ili\u015fkin olarak verilen yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131n\u0131n da ihale sonucunda imzalanan s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini etkileyece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
11. Bununla birlikte Kurum veya yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131 haricinde s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin imzalanmas\u0131ndan sonra 4735 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 17 il\u00e2 23. maddeleri gere\u011fince y\u00fcklenicinin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, iflas\u0131, a\u011f\u0131r hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, tutuklulu\u011fu veya mahk\u00fbmiyeti, y\u00fcklenicinin s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi feshetmesi veyahut idarenin s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi feshetmesi gibi durumlarla da s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin etkilenmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilecektir.<\/p>\n
B. Anlam ve Kapsam <\/p>\n
12. 4734 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 53. maddesinin (j) f\u0131kras\u0131nda Kurumun gelirlerine yer verilmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan f\u0131kran\u0131n (1) numaral\u0131 bendinde bu Kanun kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ihalelere ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlenecek s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerden, bedeli y\u00fcz milyar T\u00fcrk liras\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fanlar i\u00e7in y\u00fckleniciden tahsil edilecek s\u00f6zle\u015fme bedelinin on binde be\u015fi Kurumun gelirleri aras\u0131nda say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan bende g\u00f6re idareler ve noterler bu tutar\u0131n Kurum hesaplar\u0131na yat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin imzalanmas\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131nda kontrol etmek zorundad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla tutar yat\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde s\u00f6zle\u015fme imzalanamayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
13. \u0130tiraz konusu kuralda ise tahsil edilen bu bedelin hi\u00e7bir durumda iade edilmeyece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
C. \u0130tiraz\u0131n Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
14. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle; itiraz konusu kuralla Kurumun geliri olarak say\u0131lan s\u00f6zle\u015fme bedelinin on binde be\u015fi oran\u0131ndaki tutar\u0131n hi\u00e7bir durumda iade edilmeyece\u011finin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin m\u00fccbir sebeple feshi yahut mahkeme karar\u0131 sonucu feshedilmesi durumunda kusuru olmayan ki\u015filerin dahi bu bedeli geri alamamas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na orant\u0131s\u0131z bir m\u00fcdahale olu\u015fturdu\u011fu belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 35. ve 138. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u00c7. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
15. 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kural, ilgisi nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
16. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesinde \u201cHerkes, m\u00fclkiyet ve miras haklar\u0131na sahiptir.\/ Bu haklar, ancak kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131yla, kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir.\/ M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 toplum yarar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u201d denilmektedir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lan maddesiyle g\u00fcvenceye ba\u011flanan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131, ekonomik de\u011fer ifade eden ve parayla de\u011ferlendirilebilen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
17. M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131, ki\u015fiye ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n hakk\u0131na zarar vermemek ve kanunlar\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara uymak ko\u015fuluyla sahibi oldu\u011fu \u015feyi diledi\u011fi gibi kullanma, onun semerelerinden yararlanma ve tasarruf etme imk\u00e2n\u0131 veren bir hakt\u0131r (Mehmet Akdo\u011fan ve di\u011ferleri [1. B.], B. No: 2013\/817, 19\/12\/2013, \u00a7 32). Bu ba\u011flamda malikin m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fc kullanma, onun semerelerinden yararlanma ve m\u00fclk\u00fc \u00fczerinde tasarruf etme yetkilerinden herhangi birinin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131 veya m\u00fclk\u00fcnden yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furur (Recep Tarhan ve Afife Tarhan [1. B.], B. No: 2014\/1546, 2\/2\/2017, \u00a7 53).<\/p>\n
18. \u0130tiraz konusu kuralda 4734 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ihalelere ili\u015fkin olarak d\u00fczenlenecek s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerden bedeli y\u00fcz milyar T\u00fcrk liras\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fanlar i\u00e7in s\u00f6zle\u015fme bedelinin on binde be\u015fi tutar\u0131ndaki Kurum hesab\u0131na yat\u0131r\u0131lan mebla\u011f\u0131n hi\u00e7bir durumda iade edilmeyece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Kurala g\u00f6re bu tutar s\u00f6zle\u015fme feshedilse\/uygulanamaz h\u00e2le gelse dahi Kurum taraf\u0131ndan iade edilmeyecektir. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle kural, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirmektedir.<\/p>\n
19. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilece\u011fi belirtilmek suretiyle m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahalelerin kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
20. \u00d6te yandan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirilirken temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin genel ilkeleri d\u00fczenleyen Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinin de g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
21. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde \u201cTemel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler, \u00f6zlerine dokunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca Anayasan\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar, Anayasan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin ve l\u00e2ik Cumhuriyetin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u201d denilmektedir. Buna g\u00f6re m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rlama getiren d\u00fczenlemelerin kanunla yap\u0131lmas\u0131, Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebine uygun ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
22. Anayasa Mahkemesinin s\u0131k\u00e7a vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi temel haklar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlayan kanunun \u015feklen var olmas\u0131 yeterli olmay\u0131p yasal kurallar\u0131n keyf\u00eeli\u011fe izin vermeyecek \u015fekilde belirli, ula\u015f\u0131labilir ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir d\u00fczenlemeler niteli\u011finde olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
23. Esasen temel haklar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlayan kanunun bu niteliklere sahip olmas\u0131, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nan hukuk devleti ilkesinin de bir gere\u011fidir. Hukuk devletinin temel unsurlar\u0131ndan olan hukuki belirlilik ilkesi uyar\u0131nca kanuni d\u00fczenlemelerin hem ki\u015filer hem de idare y\u00f6n\u00fcnden herhangi bir duraksamaya ve ku\u015fkuya yer vermeyecek \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k, net, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r, uygulanabilir ve nesnel olmas\u0131, ayr\u0131ca kamu otoritelerinin keyf\u00ee uygulamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu \u00f6nlem i\u00e7ermesi gerekir. Kanunda bulunmas\u0131 gereken bu nitelikler hukuki g\u00fcvenli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da zorunludur. Zira bu ilke hukuk normlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131, bireylerin t\u00fcm eylem ve i\u015flemlerinde devlete g\u00fcven duyabilmesini, devletin de yasal d\u00fczenlemelerinde bu g\u00fcven duygusunu zedeleyici y\u00f6ntemlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lar (AYM, E.2015\/41, K.2017\/98, 4\/5\/2017, \u00a7\u00a7 153, 154). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 35. maddelerinde s\u0131n\u0131rlama \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc olarak belirtilen kanunilik, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nan hukuk devleti ilkesi \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yorumlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
24. Kuralla, Kuruma \u00f6denen bedelin istisna \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmeksizin hi\u00e7bir durumda iadesinin yap\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 herhangi bir teredd\u00fcde yer vermeyecek bi\u00e7imde a\u00e7\u0131k ve net olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kural\u0131n belirli, ula\u015f\u0131labilir ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir nitelikte oldu\u011fu ve kanunilik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
25. Di\u011fer yandan Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesi uyar\u0131nca temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebine uygun olmas\u0131 gerekir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 ancak kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir.<\/p>\n
26. Kural uyar\u0131nca iade edilmemesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen bedel 4734 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 53. maddesinin (j) f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince Kurumun gelirlerinden birini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda Kurumun geliri niteli\u011finde olan bedelin Kurumun mali yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaya y\u00f6nelik olarak iade edilmemesini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren kural\u0131n kamu yarar\u0131na dayal\u0131 me\u015fru bir amaca y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
27. M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesi uyar\u0131nca \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekir. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi; elveri\u015flilik, gereklilik ve orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 alt ilkeden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Elveri\u015flilik \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131n\u0131, gereklilik ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n zorunlu olmas\u0131n\u0131, di\u011fer bir ifadeyle ayn\u0131 amaca daha hafif bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama ile ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131n\u0131, orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k ise hakka getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlama ile ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 aras\u0131nda makul bir dengenin g\u00f6zetilmesi gereklili\u011fini ifade etmektedir (AYM, E.2011\/111, K.2012\/56, 11\/4\/2012; E.2014\/176, K.2015\/53, 27\/5\/2015; E.2016\/13, K.2016\/127, 22\/6\/2016, \u00a7 18; Mehmet Akdo\u011fan ve di\u011ferleri, \u00a7 38).<\/p>\n
28. \u0130hale \u00fczerine b\u0131rak\u0131lan isteklinin s\u00f6zle\u015fme imzalanmadan \u00f6nce s\u00f6zle\u015fme bedelinin belli bir oran\u0131nda \u00f6demek zorunda oldu\u011fu bu bedelin Kurum a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan gelir niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Kuralla bu bedelin hi\u00e7bir durumda iade edilmesine izin verilmemesinin Kurumun gelirinin korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan elveri\u015fli ve gerekli bir ara\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
29. An\u0131lan Kanun\u2019a g\u00f6re ihale s\u00fcreci s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin imzalanmas\u0131yla tamamlanmaktad\u0131r. Kanun\u2019un 44. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin imzalanmamas\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re ihale \u00fczerine kalan istekli taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin imzalanmamas\u0131 durumunda isteklinin ge\u00e7ici teminat\u0131 gelir kaydedilecek ve idare, ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan en avantajl\u0131 ikinci teklif fiyat\u0131n\u0131n ihale yetkilisince uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi kayd\u0131yla bu teklif sahibi istekli ile de Kanun\u2019da belirtilen esas ve usullere g\u00f6re s\u00f6zle\u015fme imzalayabilecektir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin imzalanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n \u015fart\u0131 niteli\u011finde olan s\u00f6z konusu bedelin yat\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 da ihale s\u00fcrecinin tamamlanmas\u0131na engel olaca\u011f\u0131ndan isteklinin ge\u00e7ici teminat\u0131n\u0131n gelir kaydedilmesi ve en avantajl\u0131 ikinci teklif sahibi ile s\u00f6zle\u015fme imzalanmas\u0131 gibi sonu\u00e7lara neden olabilecektir.<\/p>\n
30. Bununla birlikte ihale \u00fczerinde kalan istekli ile idare aras\u0131nda imzalanan s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ihalenin iptali veya ki\u015fiye kusur atfedilemeyecek bir ba\u015fka nedenle feshedilmesi de m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. B\u00f6yle bir durumda ki\u015fi hem s\u00f6zle\u015fme nedeniyle elde edebilece\u011fi imk\u00e2nlardan mahrum kalacak, hem de imzalanan s\u00f6zle\u015fme bedelinin t\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerinden \u00f6demi\u015f oldu\u011fu bedeli geri alamayacakt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca iptal edilen s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye konu i\u015fin yeniden ihaleye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ihale sonunda imzalanacak yeni s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden bu bedelin tekrar tahsil edilece\u011fi ku\u015fkusuzdur. Ki\u015fi ihaleyi yapan idareye a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir dava ile Kuruma yat\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bedeli isteyebilecek olsa dahi ayr\u0131 bir davaya zorlan\u0131yor olmas\u0131 da ki\u015fiye y\u00fcklenen yeni bir k\u00fclfet niteli\u011findedir (benzer y\u00f6nde de\u011ferlendirme i\u00e7in bkz. AYM, E.2024\/85, K.2024\/229, 25\/12\/2024, \u00a7 26; Farmasol T\u0131bbi \u00dcr\u00fcnler Sanayi ve Ticaret A.\u015e. (2) [1. B.], B. No: 2017\/37300, 15\/1\/2020, \u00a7 49).<\/p>\n
31. Bu itibarla Kanun kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ihalelere ili\u015fkin olarak d\u00fczenlenecek s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerden bedeli belli bir mebla\u011f\u0131 a\u015fanlar i\u00e7in y\u00fckleniciden s\u00f6zle\u015fme bedelinin on binde be\u015fi oran\u0131nda tahsil edilen tutar\u0131n Kurum taraf\u0131ndan hi\u00e7bir durumda iade edilmeyece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren kural\u0131n ihalenin iptalinde veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin feshinde kendisine kusur atfedilemeyecek ki\u015filere a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fckledi\u011fi, kamu yarar\u0131 ile m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 aras\u0131nda g\u00f6zetilmesi gereken adil dengeyi ki\u015fi aleyhine bozarak orant\u0131s\u0131z bir s\u0131n\u0131rlamaya neden oldu\u011fu sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
32. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 35. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ptali gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 35. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 138. maddesiyle ilgisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
IV. \u0130PTAL KARARININ Y\u00dcR\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011eE G\u0130RECE\u011e\u0130 G\u00dcN SORUNU<\/p>\n
33. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cKanun, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesi veya T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ya da bunlar\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, iptal kararlar\u0131n\u0131n Resm\u00ee Gazetede yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kalkar. Gereken hallerde Anayasa Mahkemesi iptal h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girece\u011fi tarihi ayr\u0131ca kararla\u015ft\u0131rabilir. Bu tarih, karar\u0131n Resm\u00ee Gazetede yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnden ba\u015flayarak bir y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7emez.\u201d denilmekte, 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda da bu kural tekrarlanmak suretiyle Anayasa Mahkemesinin gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00e2llerde iptal karar\u0131n\u0131n Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnden ba\u015flayarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girece\u011fi tarihi bir y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere ayr\u0131ca kararla\u015ft\u0131rabilece\u011fi belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n
34. 4734 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamu \u0130hale Kanunu\u2019nun 53. maddesinin (j) f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n be\u015finci paragraf\u0131n\u0131n iptal edilmesi nedeniyle do\u011facak hukuksal bo\u015fluk kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal edecek nitelikte g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 ile 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince iptal h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn karar\u0131n Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak dokuz ay sonra y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
V. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
4\/1\/2002 tarihli ve 4734 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamu \u0130hale Kanunu\u2019nun 53. maddesinin (j) f\u0131kras\u0131na 16\/11\/2022 tarihli ve 7421 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 11. maddesiyle eklenen be\u015finci paragraf\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve \u0130PTAL\u0130NE, iptal h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 ile 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince KARARIN RESM\u00ce GAZETE\u2019DE YAYIMLANMASINDAN BA\u015eLAYARAK DOKUZ AY SONRA Y\u00dcR\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011eE G\u0130RMES\u0130NE 22\/4\/2025 tarihinde OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verildi.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
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\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Metin KIRATLI<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 22\/4\/2025 tarihli, 2025\/29 esas – 2025\/102 karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2025\/29 Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2025\/102 Karar Tarihi : 22\/4\/2025 R.G.Tarih-Say\u0131 : 23\/6\/2025-32935 \u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: Ankara 20. \u0130dare Mahkemesi \u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 4\/1\/2002 tarihli ve 4734 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamu \u0130hale Kanunu\u2019nun 53. maddesinin (j) f\u0131kras\u0131na 16\/11\/2022 tarihli ve 7421 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 11. maddesiyle eklenen be\u015finci paragraf\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 35. ve 138. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptaline karar verilmesi talebidir. OLAY: Kamu \u0130hale Kurumuna (Kurum) yat\u0131r\u0131lan s\u00f6zle\u015fme bedelinin on binde be\u015fi tutar\u0131ndaki pay\u0131n iade edilmesi talebiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davada itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur. I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN KANUN H\u00dcKM\u00dc Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu kural\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 53. maddesinin ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u201cKamu \u0130hale Kurumu Madde 53-\u2026 \u2026 j) Kurumun gelirleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilmi\u015ftir: 1) (De\u011fi\u015fik: 30\/7\/2003-4964\/32 md.) Bu Kanun kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ihalelere ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlenecek s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerden, bedeli y\u00fczmilyar T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fanlar i\u00e7in y\u00fckleniciden tahsil edilecek s\u00f6zle\u015fme bedelinin onbinde be\u015fi. (\u0130dareler ve noterler bu tutar\u0131n y\u00fcklenici taraf\u0131ndan Kurum hesaplar\u0131na yat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin imzalanmas\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131nda aramak zorundad\u0131r.) \u2026 (Ek paragraf:16\/11\/2022-7421\/11 md.) Bu f\u0131kran\u0131n (1) numaral\u0131 bendi uyar\u0131nca tahsil edilen bedel hi\u00e7bir durumda iade edilmez. \u2026\u201d II. \u0130LK \u0130NCELEME 1. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Basri BA\u011eCI, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-124040","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n