ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI<\/p>\n
Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2021\/16<\/p>\n
Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2021\/62<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi : 22\/9\/2021<\/p>\n
R.G. Tarih-Say\u0131s\u0131 : 21\/10\/2021-31635<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: Ankara 5. \u0130dare Mahkemesi<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 25\/1\/1956 tarihli ve 6643 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Eczac\u0131lar\u0131 Birli\u011fi Kanunu\u2019nun 30. maddesinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 38. ve 135. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptaline karar verilmesi talebidir.<\/p>\n
OLAY: Davac\u0131n\u0131n 180 g\u00fcn sanat icras\u0131ndan men cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin karar\u0131n iptali talebiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davada itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN KANUN H\u00dcKM\u00dc <\/p>\n
Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu 30. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201cHaysiyet Divan\u0131n\u0131n vazife ve salahiyetleri:<\/p>\n
Madde 30- Haysiyet Divan\u0131 odaya girmiyen veya bu kanunun kendisine tahmil etti\u011fi di\u011fer vecibeleri yerine getirmiyenler ile evrak\u0131 kendisine tevdi edilen azan\u0131n meslek adap ve haysiyetine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olan fiil ve hareketlerinin mahiyetine g\u00f6re a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki inz\u0131bati cezalar\u0131 verir:<\/p>\n
a) Yaz\u0131l\u0131 ihtar,<\/p>\n
b) (De\u011fi\u015fik : 23\/2\/1995 – 4078\/4 md.) Fiilin i\u015flendi\u011fi tarihteki oda y\u0131ll\u0131k aidat\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rt kat\u0131ndan onbe\u015f kat\u0131na kadar para cezas\u0131,<\/p>\n
c) (De\u011fi\u015fik : 23\/2\/1995 – 4078\/4 md.) \u00dc\u00e7 g\u00fcnden 180 g\u00fcne kadar sanat icras\u0131ndan men,<\/p>\n
d) Bir b\u00f6lgede \u00fc\u00e7 defa sanat icras\u0131ndan memnuiyet cezas\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f olanlar\u0131 o m\u0131ntakada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktan menetmek.<\/p>\n
Haysiyet divanlar\u0131 bu cezalar\u0131n verilmesinde s\u0131ra g\u00f6zetmeksizin takdir hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131rlar. Ancak (c) f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re muvakkaten sanat icras\u0131ndan menedilen azan\u0131n eski fiil ve hareketlerinin tekerr\u00fcr\u00fc dolay\u0131siyle yeniden sanat icras\u0131ndan menedilmeleri icabetti\u011fi takdirde bu f\u0131krada yaz\u0131l\u0131 cezan\u0131n azami haddi verilir.<\/p>\n
(Ek : 23\/2\/1995 – 4078\/4 md.) Oda haysiyet divanlar\u0131, kendilerine intikal eden dosyalar\u0131 azami \u00fc\u00e7 ay i\u00e7erisinde karara ba\u011flamak zorundad\u0131rlar.\u201d<\/p>\n
II. \u0130LK \u0130NCELEME<\/p>\n
1. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Z\u00fcht\u00fc ARSLAN, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Engin YILDIRIM, Hicabi DURSUN, Celal M\u00fcmtaz AKINCI, Muammer TOPAL, M. Emin KUZ, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, Basri BA\u011eCI ve \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN\u2019\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 3\/3\/2021 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikle uygulanacak kural sorunu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
2. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 152. ile 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 40. maddelerine g\u00f6re bir davaya bakmakta olan mahkeme, o dava sebebiyle uygulanacak bir kanunun veya Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesinin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6rmesi h\u00e2linde veya taraflardan birinin ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k iddias\u0131n\u0131n ciddi oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varmas\u0131 durumunda bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin iptalleri i\u00e7in Anayasa Mahkemesine ba\u015fvurmaya yetkilidir. Ancak an\u0131lan maddeler uyar\u0131nca bir mahkemenin Anayasa Mahkemesine ba\u015fvurabilmesi i\u00e7in elinde y\u00f6ntemince a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve mahkemenin g\u00f6revine giren bir davan\u0131n bulunmas\u0131, iptali talep edilen kural\u0131n da o davada uygulanacak olmas\u0131 gerekir. Uygulanacak kural ise bak\u0131lmakta olan davan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik evrelerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde veya davay\u0131 sonu\u00e7land\u0131rmada olumlu ya da olumsuz y\u00f6nde etki yapacak nitelikteki kurallard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. \u0130tiraz yoluna ba\u015fvuran Mahkeme, 6643 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 30. maddesinin iptalini talep etmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda, [eczac\u0131 odalar\u0131] haysiyet divan\u0131n\u0131n, odaya girmeyen veya bu Kanun\u2019un kendisine y\u00fckledi\u011fi di\u011fer y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri yerine getirmeyenler ile evrak\u0131 kendisine tevdi edilen \u00fcyenin meslek adap ve haysiyetine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olan fiil ve hareketlerinin mahiyetine g\u00f6re yaz\u0131l\u0131 ihtar, fiilin i\u015flendi\u011fi tarihteki oda y\u0131ll\u0131k aidat\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rt kat\u0131ndan on be\u015f kat\u0131na kadar para cezas\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcnden 180 g\u00fcne kadar sanat icras\u0131ndan men ve bir b\u00f6lgede \u00fc\u00e7 defa sanat icras\u0131ndan memnuiyet cezas\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f olanlar\u0131 o m\u0131nt\u0131kada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktan menetmek \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenen disiplin cezalar\u0131yla cezaland\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde, haysiyet divanlar\u0131n\u0131n bu cezalar\u0131n verilmesinde s\u0131ra g\u00f6zetmeksizin takdir hakk\u0131 kullanaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f; ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde ise muvakkaten sanat icras\u0131ndan menedilen azan\u0131n eski fiil ve hareketlerinin tekerr\u00fcr\u00fc dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yeniden sanat icras\u0131ndan menedilmeleri gerekti\u011fi takdirde bu f\u0131krada yaz\u0131l\u0131 cezan\u0131n azami haddinin verilece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Maddenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise oda haysiyet divanlar\u0131n\u0131n, kendilerine intikal eden dosyalar\u0131 azami \u00fc\u00e7 ay i\u00e7inde karara ba\u011flamak zorunda olduklar\u0131 kurala ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4. Bak\u0131lmakta olan davan\u0131n konusu ise davac\u0131ya ait eczanenin muvazaal\u0131 i\u015fletildi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle davac\u0131n\u0131n 180 g\u00fcn sanat icras\u0131ndan men cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin Eczac\u0131 Odas\u0131 Haysiyet Divan\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n tasdikine dair Y\u00fcksek Haysiyet Divan\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n iptali talebidir. Disiplin cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren fiil, itiraz konusu maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan meslek adap ve haysiyetine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olan fiil ve hareketler kapsam\u0131na girmektedir.<\/p>\n
5. Bu itibarla an\u0131lan maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u2026odaya girmiyen veya bu kanunun kendisine tahmil etti\u011fi di\u011fer vecibeleri yerine getirmiyenler ile\u2026\u201d ibaresinin, ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinin ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n bak\u0131lmakta olan davada uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla s\u00f6z konusu ibareye, c\u00fcmleye ve f\u0131kraya ili\u015fkin ba\u015fvurunun Mahkemenin yetkisizli\u011fi nedeniyle reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
6. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenle 25\/1\/1956 tarihli ve 6643 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Eczac\u0131lar\u0131 Birli\u011fi Kanunu\u2019nun;<\/p>\n
A. 1. 30. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u2026odaya girmiyen veya bu kanunun kendisine tahmil etti\u011fi di\u011fer vecibeleri yerine getirmiyenler ile\u2026\u201d ibaresinin,<\/p>\n
2. 30. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinin,<\/p>\n
3. 30. maddesine 23\/2\/1995 tarihli ve 4078 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 4. maddesiyle eklenen \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kran\u0131n,<\/p>\n
itiraz ba\u015fvurusunda bulunan Mahkemenin bakmakta oldu\u011fu davada uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu ibareye, c\u00fcmleye ve f\u0131kraya ili\u015fkin ba\u015fvurunun Mahkemenin yetkisizli\u011fi nedeniyle REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
B. 30. maddesinin kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine,<\/p>\n
OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. ESASIN \u0130NCELENMES\u0130<\/p>\n
7. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131 ve ekleri, Raport\u00f6r Fatih TORUN taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan i\u015fin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin rapor, itiraz konusu kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc, dayan\u0131lan Anayasa kurallar\u0131 ile bunlar\u0131n gerek\u00e7eleri ve di\u011fer yasama belgeleri okunup incelendikten sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. \u0130tiraz\u0131n Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
8. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle; itiraz konusu kuralda disiplin uygulamalar\u0131yla ilgili hi\u00e7bir ilkenin belirlenmedi\u011fi, hangi disiplin fiillerine ne t\u00fcr cezalar\u0131n uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmedi\u011fi, \u00f6te yandan haysiyet divanlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131ra g\u00f6zetmeksizin bu cezalar\u0131n verilmesinde takdir hakk\u0131 kullanabileceklerine y\u00f6nelik d\u00fczenlemenin idareye belirtilen cezalar kapsam\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir yetki tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu h\u00fckme g\u00f6re ayn\u0131 fiil nedeniyle en hafif ceza uygulanabilece\u011fi gibi en a\u011f\u0131r cezan\u0131n da uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu, bu h\u00e2liyle disiplin su\u00e7lar\u0131 ve cezalar\u0131 konusunda kanuni g\u00fcvencenin sa\u011flanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bireylerin hangi somut fiil ve olguya hangi hukuki yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n veya sonucun ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirli bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k ve kesinlikte \u00f6ng\u00f6rebilmelerine yasal \u00e7er\u00e7evede imk\u00e2n tan\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu nedenle hukuki belirlilik ile su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkelerinin ihlal edildi\u011fi belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 38. ve 135. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
B. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
9. \u0130tiraz konusu kuralda haysiyet divan\u0131n\u0131n, evrak\u0131 kendisine tevdi edilen \u00fcyenin meslek adap ve haysiyetine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olan fiil ve hareketlerinin mahiyetine g\u00f6re yaz\u0131l\u0131 ihtar, fiilin i\u015flendi\u011fi tarihteki oda y\u0131ll\u0131k aidat\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rt kat\u0131ndan on be\u015f kat\u0131na kadar para cezas\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcnden 180 g\u00fcne kadar sanat icras\u0131ndan men ve bir b\u00f6lgede \u00fc\u00e7 defa sanat icras\u0131ndan memnuiyet cezas\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f olanlar\u0131 o m\u0131nt\u0131kada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktan menetmek \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenen disiplin cezalar\u0131yla cezaland\u0131raca\u011f\u0131, haysiyet divanlar\u0131n\u0131n bu cezalar\u0131n verilmesinde s\u0131ra g\u00f6zetmeksizin takdir hakk\u0131 kullanaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
10. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde belirtilen hukuk devleti; eylem ve i\u015flemleri hukuka uygun, insan haklar\u0131na sayg\u0131l\u0131, bu hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri koruyup g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren, her alanda adil bir hukuk d\u00fczeni kurup bunu geli\u015ftirerek s\u00fcrd\u00fcren, hukuki g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flayan, Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 durum ve tutumlardan ka\u00e7\u0131nan, hukuk kurallar\u0131yla kendini ba\u011fl\u0131 sayan ve yarg\u0131 denetimine a\u00e7\u0131k olan devlettir.<\/p>\n
11. Hukuk devletinin temel unsurlar\u0131ndan biri de belirlilik ilkesidir. Bu ilkeye g\u00f6re yasal d\u00fczenlemelerin hem ki\u015filer hem de idare y\u00f6n\u00fcnden herhangi bir duraksamaya ve ku\u015fkuya yer vermeyecek \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k, net, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r ve uygulanabilir olmas\u0131, ayr\u0131ca kamu otoritelerinin keyf\u00ee uygulamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu \u00f6nlem i\u00e7ermesi de gereklidir. Belirlilik ilkesi, hukuksal g\u00fcvenlikle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olup birey hangi somut eylem ve olguya hangi hukuksal yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n veya sonucun ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunlar\u0131n idareye hangi m\u00fcdahale yetkisini do\u011furdu\u011funu bilmelidir. Birey ancak bu durumda kendisine d\u00fc\u015fen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri \u00f6ng\u00f6rebilir ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 belirler. Hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, normlar\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131, bireylerin t\u00fcm eylem ve i\u015flemlerinde devlete g\u00fcven duyabilmesini, devletin de yasal d\u00fczenlemelerde bu g\u00fcven duygusunu zedeleyici y\u00f6ntemlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lar (AYM, E.2015\/22, K.2015\/37, 1\/4\/2015, AYM, E.2020\/80, K.2021\/34, 29\/4\/2021, \u00a7 25).<\/p>\n
12. Disiplin cezalar\u0131, kamu hizmetlerinin gere\u011fi gibi y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesini sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, yapma veya yapmama bi\u00e7iminde beliren davran\u0131\u015f kurallar\u0131n\u0131n ihlali h\u00e2linde uygulanan idari yapt\u0131r\u0131mlard\u0131r. Kamu hizmetlerini y\u00fcr\u00fctenlerin g\u00f6rev, yetki ve sorumluluklar\u0131 kamu hizmeti ve hizmet gerekleri ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; bu s\u0131n\u0131rlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kanlar\u0131n ise disiplin cezalar\u0131 ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 ilgili kanunlarda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
13. 6643 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 1. maddesine g\u00f6re T\u00fcrk Eczac\u0131lar\u0131 Birli\u011fi (Birlik) -T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde meslek ve sanatlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye yetkili olup da \u00f6zel kanunlar\u0131nda \u00fcye olamayacaklar\u0131 belirtilenler hari\u00e7- sanatlar\u0131yla u\u011fra\u015fan ve meslekleriyle ilgili hizmetlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan eczac\u0131lar\u0131n kat\u0131lmas\u0131yla, eczac\u0131lar\u0131n m\u00fc\u015fterek ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak, mesleki faaliyetlerini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak, eczac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n genel menfaatlere uygun olarak geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flamak, eczac\u0131lar\u0131n birbirleri ve halk ile olan ili\u015fkilerinde d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve g\u00fcveni h\u00e2kim k\u0131lmak \u00fczere meslek disiplini ve ahlak\u0131n\u0131 korumak maksad\u0131yla kurulmu\u015f kamu kurumu niteli\u011findeki meslek kurulu\u015fudur. An\u0131lan maddenin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re mesle\u011fini serbest olarak icra eden veya \u00f6zel kurulu\u015flarda eczac\u0131l\u0131kla ilgili hizmetlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak eczac\u0131lar i\u015fe ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce bulunduklar\u0131 ilin eczac\u0131 odas\u0131na kaydolmaya ve \u00fcyelik \u00f6devlerini yerine getirmeye zorunludurlar.<\/p>\n
14. Meslek kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve \u00fcst kurulu\u015flar\u0131, \u00fcstlendikleri hizmetler itibar\u0131yla Anayasa\u2019da kamu kurumu niteli\u011finde kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fisi olarak yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nitelikleri itibar\u0131yla idari te\u015fkilat b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7inde kamu idareleri, kamu kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda meslek kurulu\u015flar\u0131 olarak ayr\u0131 bir kategoriyi olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Meslek kurulu\u015flar\u0131 da idari te\u015fkilat b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7inde yer alan kurum ve kurulu\u015flar gibi devletin g\u00f6zetim ve denetimine tabidir.<\/p>\n
15. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n kamu kurumu niteli\u011findeki meslek kurulu\u015flar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, meslek mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n ortak gereksinimlerinin kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve meslek disiplini y\u00f6n\u00fcnden g\u00f6zetim ve denetim a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kurulu\u015flar\u0131n \u00fcyelerinin u\u011fra\u015f konular\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alanlar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bir t\u00fcr kamu hizmeti yapt\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde tutularak idare b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7inde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f, kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131 gibi belli bir d\u00fczen ve disiplin i\u00e7inde kamu hizmetini yerine getirmeleri ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (AYM, E.2020\/60, K.2020\/54, 1\/10\/2020, \u00a7 27).<\/p>\n
16. \u0130tiraz konusu kurallar uyar\u0131nca eczac\u0131lar hakk\u0131nda disiplin cezas\u0131 uygulamaya yetkili mercinin eczac\u0131 odalar\u0131 haysiyet divan\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Maddenin iptali istenen kural\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda, Birli\u011fe kay\u0131tl\u0131 eczac\u0131lar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan disiplin su\u00e7unu gerektiren h\u00e2llere ve eczac\u0131lar hakk\u0131nda uygulanabilecek disiplin cezalar\u0131na yer verilmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re disiplin cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren h\u00e2ller, eczac\u0131n\u0131n odaya kaydolmamas\u0131 ve bu Kanun\u2019un kendisine y\u00fckledi\u011fi di\u011fer y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri yerine getirmemesinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra itiraz konusu kural uyar\u0131nca eczac\u0131n\u0131n meslek adap ve haysiyetine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olan fiil ve hareketlerde bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130tiraz konusu di\u011fer kuralda ise disiplin cezalar\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 ihtar, fiilin i\u015flendi\u011fi tarihteki oda y\u0131ll\u0131k aidat\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rt kat\u0131ndan on be\u015f kat\u0131na kadar para cezas\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcnden 180 g\u00fcne kadar sanat icras\u0131ndan men ve bir b\u00f6lgede \u00fc\u00e7 defa sanat icras\u0131ndan memnuiyet cezas\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f olanlar\u0131n o m\u0131nt\u0131kada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktan menedilmesi \u015feklinde d\u00f6rt bent h\u00e2linde say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
17. \u0130tiraz konusu kuralda eczac\u0131lar hakk\u0131nda uygulanabilecek disiplin cezalar\u0131 say\u0131lmakla birlikte maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde say\u0131lan eczac\u0131n\u0131n meslek adap ve haysiyetine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olan fiil ve hareketlerde bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi durumunda hangi disiplin cezas\u0131n\u0131n uygulanaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir d\u00fczenleme bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
18. Buna g\u00f6re haysiyet divan\u0131, kendisine intikal eden bir dosyada yer alan eylemin itiraz konusu kuralda say\u0131lan \u00fc\u00e7 h\u00e2lden birisinin kapsam\u0131na girdi\u011fi kanaatine varmas\u0131 durumunda yine maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda say\u0131lan disiplin cezalar\u0131ndan herhangi birisine h\u00fckmedebilecektir. Haysiyet divan\u0131, hangi fiile hangi cezay\u0131 uygulayaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda herhangi bir kay\u0131t ve \u015fartla ba\u011fl\u0131 olmay\u0131p tamamen serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kuralda eczac\u0131lar hakk\u0131nda disiplin cezas\u0131 uygulanabilecek h\u00e2ller say\u0131lmakla ve disiplin cezalar\u0131 da g\u00f6sterilmekle birlikte madde metninde say\u0131lan disiplin su\u00e7 ve cezalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yeterli ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n kurulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede disiplin cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren eylemin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi durumunda fiil ve hareketin mahiyetine g\u00f6re disiplin cezalar\u0131n\u0131n verilebilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmekle birlikte bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn disiplin cezas\u0131n\u0131n muhataplar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yeterli bir hukuki g\u00fcvence sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
19. Maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n itiraz konusu birinci c\u00fcmlesinde \u201cHaysiyet divanlar\u0131 bu cezalar\u0131n verilmesinde s\u0131ra g\u00f6zetmeksizin takdir hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131rlar.\u201d denilmek suretiyle disiplin cezas\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi konusunda haysiyet divan\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir takdir yetkisi tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda kural haysiyet divan\u0131na disiplin cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren eylemin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi durumunda kuralda yer alan disiplin cezalar\u0131ndan istedi\u011fini uygulayabilme yetkisi vermekte olup haysiyet divan\u0131 bu yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 uygularken Kanun\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131ray\u0131 g\u00f6zetme zorunlulu\u011funa da tabi tutulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
20. Sonu\u00e7 olarak kurallarla haysiyet divan\u0131na tan\u0131nan yetkinin somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerine, eylemin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, olu\u015fan zarar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00f6re kamu yarar\u0131 ve hizmet gereklerine uygun olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flaman\u0131n yan\u0131nda i\u015flenen disiplinsizlik eylemi ile tayin edilen disiplin cezas\u0131 aras\u0131nda adil bir dengenin g\u00f6zetilmesini sa\u011flayacak gerekli ve yeterli mekanizmalar\u0131n kurulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu nedenle kurallar kapsam\u0131nda verilecek disiplin cezalar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan keyf\u00ee yorum ve uygulamalara kar\u015f\u0131 hukuki g\u00fcvencenin sa\u011flanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
21. Buna g\u00f6re kurallar, bireylerin hangi somut fiil ve olguya hangi hukuksal yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n veya sonucun ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirli bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k ve kesinlikte \u00f6ng\u00f6rebilmelerine yasal \u00e7er\u00e7evede imk\u00e2n tan\u0131mamaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle kurallar, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen hukuki belirlilik ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
22. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kurallar Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ptalleri gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kurallar, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclerek iptal edildi\u011finden ayr\u0131ca Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 38. ve 135. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
IV. \u0130PTAL\u0130N D\u0130\u011eER KURALLARA ETK\u0130S\u0130<\/p>\n
23. 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesinin (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda kanunun, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesinin veya T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn belirli kurallar\u0131n\u0131n iptali, di\u011fer kurallar\u0131n\u0131n veya t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanmamas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furuyorsa bunlar\u0131n da Anayasa Mahkemesince iptaline karar verilebilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
24. 6643 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 30. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinin \u201cHaysiyet Divan\u0131 \u2026 evrak\u0131 kendisine tevdi edilen azan\u0131n meslek adap ve haysiyetine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olan fiil ve hareketlerinin mahiyetine g\u00f6re a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki inz\u0131bati cezalar\u0131 verir:\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ve an\u0131lan f\u0131kran\u0131n (a), (b), (c) ve (d) bentleri ile ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinin iptalleri nedeniyle uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 kalmayan an\u0131lan maddenin kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesinin (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince iptali gerekir.<\/p>\n
V. \u0130PTAL KARARININ Y\u00dcR\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011eE G\u0130RECE\u011e\u0130 G\u00dcN SORUNU<\/p>\n
25. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cKanun, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesi veya T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ya da bunlar\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, iptal kararlar\u0131n\u0131n Resm\u00ee Gazetede yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kalkar. Gereken hallerde Anayasa Mahkemesi iptal h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girece\u011fi tarihi ayr\u0131ca kararla\u015ft\u0131rabilir. Bu tarih, karar\u0131n Resm\u00ee Gazetede yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnden ba\u015flayarak bir y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7emez.\u201d denilmekte, 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda da bu kural tekrarlanarak mahkemenin gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00e2llerde Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnden ba\u015flayarak iptal karar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girece\u011fi tarihi bir y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere ayr\u0131ca kararla\u015ft\u0131rabilece\u011fi belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n
26. 6643 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 30. maddesinin iptal edilmesi nedeniyle do\u011facak hukuksal bo\u015fluk kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal edecek nitelikte g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131yla 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince iptal h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn karar\u0131n Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak dokuz ay sonra y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
VI. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
25\/1\/1956 tarihli ve 6643 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Eczac\u0131lar\u0131 Birli\u011fi Kanunu\u2019nun 30. maddesinin;<\/p>\n
A. Birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n;<\/p>\n
1. Birinci c\u00fcmlesinin \u201cHaysiyet Divan\u0131 \u2026 evrak\u0131 kendisine tevdi edilen azan\u0131n meslek adap ve haysiyetine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olan fiil ve hareketlerinin mahiyetine g\u00f6re a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki inz\u0131bati cezalar\u0131 verir:\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn,<\/p>\n
2. (a), (b), (c) ve (d) bentlerinin,<\/p>\n
Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olduklar\u0131na ve \u0130PTALLER\u0130NE, iptal h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 ile 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince, KARARIN RESM\u00ce GAZETE\u2019DE YAYIMLANMASINDAN BA\u015eLAYARAK DOKUZ AY SONRA Y\u00dcR\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011eE G\u0130RMES\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
B. \u0130kinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve \u0130PTAL\u0130NE, iptal h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 ile 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince, KARARIN RESM\u00ce GAZETE\u2019DE YAYIMLANMASINDAN BA\u015eLAYARAK DOKUZ AY SONRA Y\u00dcR\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011eE G\u0130RMES\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
C. Kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesinin (4) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince \u0130PTAL\u0130NE, iptal h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 153. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 ile 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 66. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince, KARARIN RESM\u00ce GAZETE\u2019DE YAYIMLANMASINDAN BA\u015eLAYARAK DOKUZ AY SONRA Y\u00dcR\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011eE G\u0130RMES\u0130NE OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
22\/9\/2021 tarihinde karar verildi.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
Z\u00fcht\u00fc ARSLAN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Hicabi DURSUN<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Celal M\u00fcmtaz AKINCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Muammer TOPAL<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
M. Emin KUZ<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 22\/9\/2021 tarihli, 2021\/16 esas – 2021\/62 karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2021\/16 Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2021\/62 Karar Tarihi : 22\/9\/2021 R.G. Tarih-Say\u0131s\u0131 : 21\/10\/2021-31635 \u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: Ankara 5. \u0130dare Mahkemesi \u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 25\/1\/1956 tarihli ve 6643 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Eczac\u0131lar\u0131 Birli\u011fi Kanunu\u2019nun 30. maddesinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2., 38. ve 135. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptaline karar verilmesi talebidir. OLAY: Davac\u0131n\u0131n 180 g\u00fcn sanat icras\u0131ndan men cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin karar\u0131n iptali talebiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davada itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur. I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN KANUN H\u00dcKM\u00dc Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu 30. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u201cHaysiyet Divan\u0131n\u0131n vazife ve salahiyetleri: Madde 30- Haysiyet Divan\u0131 odaya girmiyen veya bu kanunun kendisine tahmil etti\u011fi di\u011fer vecibeleri yerine getirmiyenler ile evrak\u0131 kendisine tevdi edilen azan\u0131n meslek adap ve haysiyetine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olan fiil ve hareketlerinin mahiyetine g\u00f6re a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki inz\u0131bati cezalar\u0131 verir: a) Yaz\u0131l\u0131 ihtar, b) (De\u011fi\u015fik : 23\/2\/1995 – 4078\/4 md.) Fiilin i\u015flendi\u011fi tarihteki oda y\u0131ll\u0131k aidat\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rt kat\u0131ndan onbe\u015f kat\u0131na kadar para cezas\u0131, c) (De\u011fi\u015fik : 23\/2\/1995 – 4078\/4 md.) \u00dc\u00e7 g\u00fcnden 180 g\u00fcne kadar sanat icras\u0131ndan men, d) Bir b\u00f6lgede \u00fc\u00e7 defa sanat icras\u0131ndan memnuiyet cezas\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f olanlar\u0131 o m\u0131ntakada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktan menetmek. Haysiyet divanlar\u0131 bu cezalar\u0131n verilmesinde s\u0131ra g\u00f6zetmeksizin takdir hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131rlar. Ancak (c) f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re muvakkaten …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-94089","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n