Velayete ili\u015fkin i\u00e7tihatlardan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere velayet konusu \u00e7ok dar s\u0131n\u0131rlar ile i\u015flenmemektedir. Kararlar somut olaya g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6stermekte olup velayet, olduk\u00e7a canl\u0131 ve s\u00fcrekli takip edilmesi gereken kararlar\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir konudur. <\/p>\n
Velayet kavram\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ncelikle tan\u0131mlamak gerekmektedir. Velayet k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerin ve baz\u0131 durumlarda k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n gerek ki\u015filiklerinin gerek mallar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131, bak\u0131m\u0131, e\u011fitimi ve onlar\u0131n temsili konusunda kanunun ana babaya y\u00fckledi\u011fi y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler ile bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin gere\u011fi olan haklar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ifade eder(1). <\/p>\n
Bir ba\u015fka tan\u0131m da \u015fu \u015fekildedir. Vel\u00e2yet; k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerin ve istisna\u00ee olarak k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 ergin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, korunmas\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6nlerden yeti\u015ftirilmesini sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla, ana baban\u0131n, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ki\u015filiklerinin ve mallar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131yla, onlar\u0131n temsili konusunda sahip olduklar\u0131 hak, yetki ve \u00f6devler olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r(2).<\/p>\n
Velayet e\u015flerin ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bo\u015fanmalar\u0131 ile birlikte tek e\u015fe verilebilece\u011fi gibi ortak velayet kapsam\u0131nda iki e\u015fe birlikte de verilebilmektedir. Velayetin hangi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler kapsam\u0131nda hangi e\u015fe verilece\u011fi hususu yukar\u0131da da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere \u00e7ok dar s\u0131n\u0131rlar kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Velayet \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn menfaatine g\u00f6re kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu menfaat e\u015flerin durumuna bak\u0131larak kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmakta olup bu durum baz\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde tespit edilmektedir. Bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler; e\u015flerin maddi durumu, \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00e7evresi, anne bak\u0131m ve \u015fefkatine muhta\u00e7l\u0131k, \u00e7ocu\u011fun ya\u015f\u0131, e\u015flerin ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olup olmamas\u0131, \u00e7ocu\u011fun sa\u011fl\u0131k durumu ve benzeri \u00f6zel durumlar\u0131, \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in sa\u011flanacak maddi-manevi ko\u015fullar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc, \u015fahsen bakabilme olanaklar\u0131, karde\u015flerin ayr\u0131lmazl\u0131k ilkesi, ahlaki de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131, ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131, meslekleri, \u00e7ocuk ile ileti\u015fimleri \u015feklindedir. Velayet, e\u015flerin hangisinin durumunun \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn menfaatine daha uygun oldu\u011fu, \u00e7ocu\u011fun ya\u015f\u0131 gibi durumlara g\u00f6re belirlenmekte olup bu yaz\u0131da genel bilgiler kapsam\u0131nda ve i\u00e7tihatlar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
– Velayet kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkindir. Bu sebeple taraflardan birinin kabul\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade etmez. Mahkemece re\u2019sen incelenir. Yarg\u0131laman\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131nda talep edilebilir. Bu taleplere ili\u015fkin her zaman delil sunulabilir. Bu sebeple kesin h\u00fck\u00fcm olu\u015fturmaz. Davadan \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra bile olsa velayetin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 veya de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131labilir. Zira s\u00f6z konusu olan \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn menfaatidir. \u00c7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn menfaati ilkesi \u201c\u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131n\u0131n Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u201dnden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. \u00dclkemiz de bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye taraft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026M\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n velayeti kesinle\u015fen bo\u015fanma karar\u0131 ile daval\u0131 babaya verilmi\u015f, davac\u0131 anne velayetin babadan al\u0131narak kendisine verilmesini istemi\u015ftir. Velayet kamu d\u00fczeni ile ilgili olup daval\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmaz.<\/p>\n
Taraflar\u0131n delilleri sorulup, g\u00f6sterdikleri takdirde toplan\u0131p, gerekti\u011finde uzmanlardan rapor al\u0131narak sonucu uyar\u0131nca velayet d\u00fczenlemesi gerekirken daval\u0131n\u0131n kabul beyan\u0131 nazara al\u0131narak ilk oturumda yaz\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde velayetin babadan al\u0131narak davac\u0131ya takdirine karar verilmesi do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(3)<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Mehmet 01.01.2005 do\u011fumlu olup, taraflar\u0131n evlilik d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ili\u015fkisinden d\u00fcnyaya gelmi\u015f, davac\u0131 baba taraf\u0131ndan 06.09.2010 tarihinde tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Davac\u0131 baba velayetin anneden al\u0131narak kendisine verilmesini istemi\u015ftir. Ana baba evli de\u011filse velayet anneye aittir (TMK.md.337\/1). Velayet kamu d\u00fczeni ile ilgili olup, daval\u0131n\u0131n davay\u0131 kabul\u00fc tek ba\u015f\u0131na hukuki sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmaz. Mahkemece, taraflara delil g\u00f6stermeleri i\u00e7in s\u00fcre verilmesi, g\u00f6sterdikleri takdirde delillerin toplanmas\u0131, gerekti\u011finde uzman raporu al\u0131n\u0131p idrak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda olan \u00e7ocuk da dinlenip, deliller birlikte de\u011ferlendirilerek, sonuca ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekirken, daval\u0131n\u0131n kabul beyan\u0131 yeterli g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcp eksik inceleme ile karar verilmesi do\u011fru olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u2026\u201d(4)<\/p>\n
– Velayet sadece anne ve\/veya babaya verilebilir. \u00c7ocu\u011fun vesayet alt\u0131nda olmas\u0131 halinde, vesayet kald\u0131r\u0131lmadan velayet talep edilemez.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026… Aile Mahkemesince davac\u0131n\u0131n vesayetin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin talebinin tefriki ile ayr\u0131 esasa kaydedilmesine karar verilmi\u015f, tefrikten sonra da vesayete ili\u015fkin karar usul\u00fcne uygun bi\u00e7imde kald\u0131r\u0131lmadan, velayetin tevdiine ili\u015fkin dava incelenemeyece\u011finden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fczerindeki vesayetin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda g\u00f6revsizlik karar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(5)<\/p>\n
– \u00c7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131 g\u00f6zetilir. Anne ile baban\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri k\u0131yaslan\u0131r ve hangisi \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn menfaatine uygun ise velayet o tarafa verilir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde \u00e7ocu\u011fun ya\u015f durumu da g\u00f6zetilmektedir. Anne bak\u0131m ve \u015fefkatine muhta\u00e7 ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olan \u00e7ocu\u011fun, \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil etmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece velayeti anneye verilecektir. \u00d6rne\u011fin 0-3 ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuk ile 3-6 ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocu\u011fun anne bak\u0131m ve \u015fefkatine muhta\u00e7 olma durumu aras\u0131nda az da olsa mevcut bir fark g\u00f6zetilmektedir. Her ne kadar \u00e7ocuk 6 ya\u015f\u0131na kadar anne bak\u0131m ve \u015fefkatine muhta\u00e7 ise de durumun ko\u015fullar\u0131na ve zorunluluklar\u0131na g\u00f6re ayr\u0131 bir de\u011ferlendirmeye tabi tutulabilecektir. \u00dcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil eden durumlar da somut olaya g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilecektir.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Taraflar hakk\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen sosyal inceleme raporunda m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocuk; annesinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hatalar nedeniyle onunla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek istemedi\u011fini, son olarak annesi ile tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan sonra halas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na gitti\u011fini, bir daha annesi ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek istemedi\u011fini, annesinin kendisini g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek i\u00e7in arad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ama kabul etmedi\u011fini ifade etmi\u015f, davac\u0131 baba; ortak \u00e7ocu\u011fun annenin yeniden evlenmesi sebebiyle birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 annenin yan\u0131ndan ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, daval\u0131 anne ise; davac\u0131 babay\u0131 kendisinin \u015fikayet etmesi nedeniyle baban\u0131n yarg\u0131lan\u0131p hapis cezas\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunun \u00fczerine davac\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fu kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7ocu\u011fun kendisini su\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 babam senin y\u00fcz\u00fcnden hapse girecek dedi\u011fini ve o d\u00f6nem yeniden evlendi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00e7ocu\u011fun buna da tepki g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini beyan etmi\u015ftir. Toplanan delillerden; taraflar\u0131n 31.10.2011 tarihinde kesinle\u015fen karar \u0130le bo\u015fand\u0131klar\u0131, ortak \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayetinin daval\u0131 anneye b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, davac\u0131 baban\u0131n… Asliye Ceza Mahkemesinin 2009\/159 esas say\u0131l\u0131 dosyas\u0131nda \u00e7ocu\u011fun basit cinsel istismar\u0131 su\u00e7undan hapisle cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verildi\u011fi ve daval\u0131 annenin 10.06.2013 tarihinde 2. evlili\u011fini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesinden sonra ortak \u00e7ocu\u011fun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 evi terketti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ocu\u011fun annesi ile, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 evlilik sebebiyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek istemedi\u011fini bildirmesi, annenin onunla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme iste\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermemesi ya da \u00e7ocu\u011fun s\u0131nav ba\u015far\u0131 puan\u0131na uygun yat\u0131l\u0131 bir okula yerle\u015ftirilmesi velayetin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ya da velayetin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini gerektirmez. Bu durumda davan\u0131n t\u00fcmden reddi gerekirken, yetersiz gerek\u00e7e ile yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r\u2026\u201d(6)<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Ana yan\u0131nda kalmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fun bedeni, fikri, ahlaki geli\u015fmesine engel olaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ciddi ve inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 deliller bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hemen meydana gelecek tehlikelerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ispat edilmedi\u011fi halde ana bak\u0131m, \u015fefkatine muhta\u00e7 2003 do\u011fumlu M.\u2019in T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 182, 336\/2 maddeleri uyar\u0131nca baban\u0131n velayetine b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 usul ve kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r\u2026\u201d(7)<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026M\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocuk E.N.. 8.7.2002 do\u011fumlu olup, ya\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle annenin olumsuz davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 anlayamaz. O halde anne bak\u0131m ve \u015fefkatine muhta\u00e7 ya\u015fta bulunan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn velayetinin anneye verilmesi gerekti\u011finin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmemi\u015f olmas\u0131, yaz\u0131l\u0131 gerek\u00e7elerle belirtilen \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(8)<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Bo\u015fanma karar\u0131ndan sonra, velayet sahibi baba taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ocu\u011fun ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmas\u0131 ve anne taraf\u0131ndan daha iyi bak\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 inanc\u0131yla, \u00e7ocu\u011fun davac\u0131 annesine b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7ocu\u011fun uzun s\u00fcredir fiilen anne yan\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplanan delillerden anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Mahkemece, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne ba\u015fvurulan uzman da, \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayetinin anneye verilmesinin uygun olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirmi\u015ftir. Dosyada uzman g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden ayr\u0131lmay\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lan bir olgu ve delil bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu durumda ya\u015f\u0131 itibar\u0131yla ana bak\u0131m ve \u015fefkatine muhta\u00e7 olan, 2010 do\u011fumlu …’\u0131n velayetinin babadan al\u0131narak anneye verilmesi gerekirken, davan\u0131n reddedilmesi isabetsiz olup bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(9)<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Davac\u0131n\u0131n kocas\u0131 ve \u00e7ocu\u011fuyla birlikte izin i\u00e7in Almanya’dan T\u00fcrkiye’ye geldi\u011finde; \u00e7ocu\u011fu kay\u0131nvalidesine b\u0131rak\u0131p, ilki 17.07.2012 tarihinde, di\u011feri de daha sonra olmak \u00fczere iki kez evlenmeden \u00f6nce tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 erkek arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na gitti\u011fi ve onunla ilkinde be\u015f g\u00fcn ikincisinde ise belirlenemeyen bir s\u00fcre birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ikinci kez terk edip gitmesinden sonra \u00e7ocu\u011fu daval\u0131n\u0131n beraberine al\u0131p Almanya’ya d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc toplanan delillerden anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ocuk 24.04.2010 do\u011fumludur. Annenin bu ya\u015ftaki bir \u00e7ocu\u011fu yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi b\u0131rak\u0131p gitmesi, \u00e7ocu\u011fa yeterli ilgiyi g\u00f6stermedi\u011fini ve ona kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihmal etti\u011fini ortaya koyar. Bu maddi olgu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda velayetin anneye b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131 g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde isabetli olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131mdan velayetin babaya b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekirken yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(10)<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026 m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocuk A. 2003 do\u011fumlu olup ya\u015f\u0131 gere\u011fi ana bak\u0131m ve ilgisine muhta\u00e7t\u0131r. Do\u011fdu\u011fundan beri daval\u0131 annesi ile kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Annesinin yan\u0131nda kalmaya devam etmesinin \u00e7ocu\u011fun geli\u015fimini olumsuz etkileyece\u011fine dair dosyada inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 delil de bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Velayetin daval\u0131 anneye verilmesi gerekirken\u2026\u201d(11)<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Bo\u015fanman\u0131n ileriye y\u00f6nelik etkilerini hafifletmekte ve \u00e7ocu\u011fun bo\u015fanmadan sonraki hayata al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli etken, \u00e7ocu\u011fun hayat\u0131nda kararl\u0131l\u0131k ve s\u00fcreklili\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ortak \u00e7ocuk hen\u00fcz 5 ya\u015f\u0131nda olup, ya\u015f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, anne bak\u0131m ve \u015fefkatine muhta\u00e7t\u0131r. \u00c7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131n\u0131n tespiti amac\u0131yla d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f bulunan dosyada mevcut uzman g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri i\u00e7inde de anneye verilmesine engel bir durumun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; ortak \u00e7ocu\u011fun belirli aral\u0131klarla her iki ebeveyn yan\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, anne ile kurdu\u011fu ba\u011f, ya\u015f\u0131 ve i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu geli\u015fim d\u00f6neminin \u00f6zellikleri, anne varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn psiko-sosyal geli\u015fimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemi, annenin sergiledi\u011fi ebeveyn tutumu ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011fe yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda velayetin anneye verilmesi gerekirken, yan\u0131lg\u0131l\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme ile velayetin babaya verilmesi usul ve kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup, bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(12)<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Toplanan delillerden, daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131 kad\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka erkeklerle mesajla\u015farak g\u00fcven sars\u0131c\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flarda bulundu\u011fu sabit ise de gayr\u0131 ahlaki bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ispatlanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle \u00e7ocuklardan …’in uzmana verdi\u011fi beyanlar ve son raporda kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklardan …’nun ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 ortam\u0131n fiziki ko\u015fullar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda baban\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar \u00fczerindeki y\u00f6nlendirme ve bask\u0131s\u0131 ile daval\u0131 -kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131 kad\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6fkesinin yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ya\u015f, geli\u015fimleri de g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde anne bak\u0131m ve \u015fefkatine daha \u00e7ok ihtiya\u00e7 duyduklar\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde bulunduklar\u0131, annenin velayet g\u00f6revini a\u011f\u0131r ihmal durumunun somut delillerle ispatlanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, baba, babaanne ve yengenin anneye kar\u015f\u0131 olumsuz tutum ve s\u00f6ylemlerinin \u00e7ocuklar taraf\u0131ndan da beyan edildi\u011fi, velayet d\u00fczenlemesinde as\u0131l olan\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn menfaatinin korunmas\u0131 oldu\u011fu, ki\u015fisel \u00f6fke ve intikam duygular\u0131n\u0131n kesinlikle \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn menfaatlerine tercih edilemeyecekleri, kald\u0131 ki baban\u0131n uzun s\u00fcreli \u015fehir d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 nedeniyle velayeti almas\u0131 durumunda \u00e7ocuklara babaanne ve dedenin bakaca\u011f\u0131 hususu da g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde taraflar\u0131n ortak \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 2008 do\u011fumlu … ve 2012 do\u011fumlu …’nun velayetlerinin daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131 annelerine verilmesine karar vermek gerekirken, yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f, bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(13)<\/p>\n
– 0-6 ya\u015f grubundaki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n velayeti, anne bak\u0131m ve \u015fefkatine muhta\u00e7 olmas\u0131 sebebiyle \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil etmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece, anneye verilecektir. Annenin mesle\u011finin genel ahlaka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmas\u0131 halinde dahi \u00e7ocu\u011fun annenin ya\u015fam tarz\u0131nda mevcut olumsuz davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 alg\u0131layacak ya\u015fta olmamas\u0131 sebebiyle velayetin anneye verilmesinde engel bir durumdan da bahsedilemeyecektir. <\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026M\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocuk E.N. 8.7.2002 do\u011fumlu olup, ya\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle annenin olumsuz davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 anlayamaz\u2026.\u201d(14)<\/p>\n
– Ancak e\u011fer \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn menfaatine ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir durum varsa, anne \u00e7ocukla hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde ilgilenmiyorsa o vakit velayet babaya verilebilecektir.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u202626.2.2001 do\u011fumlu m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocuk F.\u2019in anne bak\u0131m ve \u015fefkatine muhta\u00e7 ise de e\u015flerin ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 26.10.2002 tarihinden beri baban\u0131n yan\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu, annenin gereken ilgiyi g\u00f6stermedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn velayetinin babaya verilmesi gerekirken\u2026\u201d(15)<\/p>\n
– E\u015flerden birinin ba\u015fkas\u0131 ile evli olmas\u0131 velayetin kendisine verilmemesini gerektirmez. Yani velayetin verilmesine tek ba\u015f\u0131na engel olu\u015fturabilecek bir husus de\u011fildir. E\u011fer di\u011fer e\u015f \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil eden davran\u0131\u015flarda bulunuyorsa o vakit bu bir sebep say\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Toplanan deliller, velayetin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015ftu\u011funu kabule yeterlilikte de\u011fildir. Velayet sahibi baban\u0131n yeniden evlenmesi, tek ba\u015f\u0131na velayetin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini gerektirmez\u2026\u201d(16)<\/p>\n
– E\u015flerden birinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerin de\u011fi\u015fmesi de \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil etmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece tek ba\u015f\u0131na velayetin verilmemesine neden te\u015fkil etmeyecektir. Ancak \u00e7ocu\u011fun al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortam\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesi \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil ediyorsa bu husus nazara al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Toplanan deliller, velayetin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini hakl\u0131 k\u0131lacak yeterlilikte de\u011fildir. Velayet sahibi annenin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeri de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi, tek ba\u015f\u0131na velayetin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini gerektirmez\u2026\u201d(17)<\/p>\n
– E\u015flerden birinin bo\u015fanma s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki kusurlar\u0131ndan birinin sadakatsizlik olmas\u0131 \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil etmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece velayetin verilmemesine tek ba\u015f\u0131na sebep olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Ana ve baban\u0131n yararlar\u0131; bo\u015fanmadaki kusurlar\u0131, ahlaki de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131, sosyal konumlar\u0131 gibi durumlar\u0131, \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131n\u0131 etkilemedi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulur. Annenin sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranmas\u0131 olay\u0131, tek ba\u015f\u0131na anneye velayetin verilmeme nedeni olarak kabul edilemez. \u00c7ocuklardan Y.2003, F. 2005 do\u011fumludur. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n ya\u015flar\u0131 g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde anne sevgi, \u015fefkat ve ilgisine muhta\u00e7 \u00e7a\u011fda olduklar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Annenin velayet g\u00f6revini ihmal etti\u011fi kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda; \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n velayet d\u00fczenlemesi konusundaki \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131n\u0131n, velayetlerinin anneye b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Durum b\u00f6yleyken mahkemece \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ge\u00e7erli \u00fcst\u00fcn yararlar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde velayetlerinin davac\u0131 babaya b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 isabetsiz olmu\u015f ve bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(18)<\/p>\n
– Velayetin kesintisiz olmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. E\u011fer velayetin kendisinde oldu\u011fu e\u015f \u00e7ocu\u011fun menfaatine ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranmad\u0131ysa, velayetin de\u011fi\u015fmesini gerektirecek bir durum s\u00f6z konusu de\u011filse velayet de\u011fi\u015ftirilmemelidir.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Taraflar m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fu 13 ya\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r. Davac\u0131 annenin davadan sonra nereye gitti\u011fi belli de\u011fildir. ana bak\u0131m ve \u015fefkatinden de \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eu halde velayet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kesintisiz kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131 ile velayeti daval\u0131 babaya verilmesi gerekti\u011fini\u2026\u201d(19)<\/p>\n
\u201c\u20263-Velayet d\u00fczenlemesinde anal\u0131k babal\u0131k duygular\u0131ndan \u00f6nce \u00e7ocu\u011fun menfaatine \u00f6nem verilmelidir. Uzman raporunda da annenin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7ocu\u011fun bak\u0131m ve g\u00f6zetimini sa\u011flayacak yeterli olana\u011fa sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7ocu\u011fu i\u015fyerine g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek, arkada\u015flar\u0131na b\u0131rakmak gibi zorluklar\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131, davac\u0131n\u0131n bak\u0131m ve g\u00f6zetim hususunda kesintisiz yard\u0131m alabilece\u011fi sosyal deste\u011fin olmamas\u0131n\u0131n velayet konusunda olumsuz bir durum olarak de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi ve velayetin babaya verilmesinin \u00e7ocu\u011fun menfaatine oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Taraflar\u0131n m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fu 2005 do\u011fumlu Dilara’n\u0131n dava s\u0131ras\u0131nada ge\u00e7ici olarak velayeti 03.07.2012 tarihli ara kararla davac\u0131ya verilmesine ra\u011fmen yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7ocu\u011fun zaman zaman baba ile birlikte kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve daval\u0131 tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri 09:00-21:00 olan davac\u0131 annenin i\u015f yerine \u00e7ocu\u011fu getirmek zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131 ve uzman raporu kapsam\u0131nda; \u00e7o\u00e7u\u011fun 2005 do\u011fumlu oldu\u011fu ve ya\u015f grubu itibariyle anneye olan gereksiniminin de azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetilerek \u00e7ocu\u011fun menfaati gere\u011fi velayetin daval\u0131 babaya verilmesi gerekirken \u00e7o\u00e7u\u011fun ya\u015f\u0131 ve cinsiyeti itibariyle anne bak\u0131m ve sevgisine muhta\u00e7 oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esi ile velayetinin davac\u0131 anneye verilmesi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(20)<\/p>\n
– Anne ve baba evli de\u011filse kanundan kaynakl\u0131 olarak velayet anneye aittir.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Ancak, dava \u015fart\u0131 noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ise bunun tamamlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kesin s\u00fcre verir. Bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde dava \u015fart\u0131 noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 giderilmemi\u015fse davay\u0131 dava \u015fart\u0131 yoklu\u011fu sebebiyle usulden reddeder [HMK m. 115-(1), (2)],<\/p>\n
“Ana ve baba evli de\u011filse velayet anneye aittir” (TMK m.337\/1). Bu yasal d\u00fczenlemeye g\u00f6re, eldeki davada k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerin velayetinin davac\u0131 annede oldu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zd\u0131r. Yasa gere\u011fi velayet kendisinde bulunan davac\u0131 annenin, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n velayeti i\u00e7in dava a\u00e7mas\u0131nda hukuki yarar bulunmamaktad\u0131r. O halde, mahkemece davan\u0131n, hukuki yararla ilgili dava \u015fart\u0131 yoklu\u011fu sebebiyle usulden reddine karar verilmesi gerekirken, kabul\u00fcne karar verilmesi do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f ve bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(21)<\/p>\n
– E\u011fer taraflar\u0131n 18 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck birden fazla \u00e7ocu\u011fu var ise karde\u015flerin ayr\u0131lmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkesi gere\u011fi t\u00fcm \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n velayeti ayn\u0131 e\u015fe verilecektir.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bu duruma g\u00f6re; ortak \u00e7ocu\u011fun, velayet g\u00f6revinin gereklerini fiilen yerine getirmeyen, \u00e7ocu\u011fa ilgi g\u00f6stermeyen ve uzun s\u00fcreli olarak uyu\u015fturucu madde kullanan daval\u0131 baba yan\u0131nda kalmas\u0131, onun fiziksel ve ruhsal geli\u015fimini olumsuz etkileyecek nitelikte olup, karde\u015flerin bir arada ya\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fimlerine sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 olumlu katk\u0131lar ile \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131 gerektirdi\u011fi takdirde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin aksine de karar verilebilece\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yukar\u0131da belirtilen ilkeler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde davan\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile dava konusu ortak \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayetinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine karar verilmesi gerekirken, baban\u0131n son d\u00f6nemde uyu\u015fturucu madde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespit edilemedi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 do\u011fru olmay\u0131p bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(22)<\/p>\n
– Velayet, m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortamdan ayr\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmelidir. \u00c7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131n\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi istisnalar da unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026\u00e7ocu\u011fun baba yan\u0131nda olup anaokuluna gitti\u011fi, bulundu\u011fu ortama al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 uzman raporu ile belirlendi\u011finden ve baban\u0131n engel bir durumu da bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, velayet hakk\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortamdan uzakla\u015ft\u0131racak \u015fekilde anneye verilmesi do\u011fru de\u011fildir.\u201d(23)<\/p>\n
– Velayet hakk\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlanamaz. Velayeti kendisinde bulunduran e\u015f, \u00e7ocu\u011fu yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek istemesi halinde di\u011fer e\u015ften muvafakat almak zorunda de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Velayet hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanman\u0131n do\u011fal sonucu olarak, velayet hakk\u0131 kendisinde bulunan daval\u0131-davac\u0131 annenin, ortak \u00e7ocukla gerek yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 gerekse yurt i\u00e7inde seyahat etmesi davac\u0131-daval\u0131 baban\u0131n muvafakat\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. M\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun yurt i\u00e7i ve yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 seyahatlerinin baban\u0131n onay\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 tutulmas\u0131, daval\u0131-davac\u0131 annenin velayet g\u00f6revini yerine getirmesine engel olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u00e7ocu\u011fun seyahat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 sonucunu da do\u011furacakt\u0131r (YHGK 2012\/2-799 esas, 2013\/389 karar). A\u00e7\u0131klanan sebeplerle, daval\u0131-davac\u0131n\u0131n, davac\u0131-daval\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fen davas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131 davas\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc gerekirken, yetersiz gerek\u00e7e ile reddi do\u011fru olmay\u0131p, bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(24)<\/p>\n
– Velayeti kendisinde bulundurmayan e\u015f ile \u00e7ocuk aras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen ki\u015fisel ili\u015fkide yer s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Zira velayeti kendinde bulundurmayan e\u015fin anal\u0131k\/babal\u0131k duygular\u0131n\u0131n tatmin edilmesi de olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nem te\u015fkil etmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u20262-Mahkemece, davac\u0131 baba taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lan velayetin d\u00fczenlenmesi davas\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 sonucunda davan\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile ortak \u00e7ocuk Enes’in velayetinin anneye, ortak \u00e7ocuk Ender\u2019in velayetinin ise davac\u0131 babaya verilmesine karar verilmi\u015ftir. Karar\u0131n davac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmesi \u00fczerine, Dairemizin 15.10.2019 tarih ve 2019\/4491 esas ve 2019\/10161 karar say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131 ile h\u00fckm\u00fcn “Velayet kendisine b\u0131rak\u0131lmayan e\u015fle di\u011feri aras\u0131nda ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki d\u00fczenlenirken karde\u015flerin birbirini g\u00f6rmelerine olanak sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 \u015fekilde d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n karde\u015flik ili\u015fkisinin geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu, bu bak\u0131mdan karde\u015flerin birbirini g\u00f6recek \u015fekilde ve tatil d\u00f6nemleri de ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki tesisi gerekirken yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm tesisinin do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131” belirtilerek bozulmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015f, bozma kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan temyize konu di\u011fer b\u00f6l\u00fcmler ise onanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mahkemece velayeti anneye b\u0131rak\u0131lan ortak \u00e7ocuk Enes ile baba aras\u0131nda \u00e7ocu\u011fun yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmamak ko\u015fuluyla ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki tesisine karar verilmi\u015ftir. Davac\u0131 baba Almanya’da ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Velayeti anneye b\u0131rak\u0131lan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckle baba aras\u0131nda kurulan ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn fikri ve bedeni ili\u015fkisinin geli\u015fmesi ile babal\u0131k duygular\u0131n\u0131n da tatminini gerektirir. Bu husus nazara al\u0131nmadan ortak \u00e7ocuk Enes ile baba aras\u0131nda yer s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 yaparak ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki tesisi do\u011fru olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yer s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi de belirtilmek suretiyle bozma karar\u0131 verilmesi gerekirken, ilk incelemede bu husus g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fundan davac\u0131 baban\u0131n karar d\u00fczeltme isteminin bu y\u00f6nden kabul\u00fcne ve Dairemizin k\u0131smen onama-k\u0131smen bozmaya dair ilam\u0131n\u0131n 2. bendinde bu bozma sebebi de eklenerek yerel mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik gerek\u00e7e ile bozulmas\u0131na karar vermek gerekmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(25)<\/p>\n
– Velayeti kendinde bulunduran e\u015fin, di\u011fer e\u015f ile \u00e7ocuk aras\u0131ndaki ki\u015fisel ili\u015fkiyi engellemek istemesi velayetin kendisinden al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n sebeplerinden biri olabilecektir.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Bu durumda daval\u0131 annenin sekiz ya\u015f\u0131ndaki m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen babas\u0131 ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesini engelleyerek, velayet hakk\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcye kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunun kan\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayetinin daval\u0131 anneden al\u0131narak davac\u0131 babaya verilmesi gerekti\u011fi kabul edilmelidir\u2026\u201d(26)<\/p>\n
– Yine velayeti kendinde bulunduran e\u015fin \u00e7ocu\u011fu s\u00fcrekli olarak ba\u015fkas\u0131nda b\u0131rakmas\u0131 halinde velayet kald\u0131r\u0131labilecek veya de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilecektir.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026bo\u015fanma ile velayet kendisine verilen baban\u0131n o g\u00fcnden beri \u00e7ocu\u011fu fiilen halas\u0131na b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131, halan\u0131n kocas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan d\u00f6v\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ocu\u011fun beyan\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na davan\u0131n reddine neden yap\u0131lamaz\u2026\u201d(27)<\/p>\n
– E\u011fer e\u015flerden birine velayet verilemeyecek durumda ise di\u011fer e\u015fin tutuklu olmas\u0131 velayetin kendisine verilmesine tek ba\u015f\u0131na engel de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Baba cezaevinde h\u00fckmen tutukludur. Velayeti anneye verilen m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocuk 8.5.2000 do\u011fumludur. Toplanan delillerden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn do\u011fdu\u011fu tarihten beri baban\u0131n yan\u0131nda ve babaannesi taraf\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Annenin ahlaki \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc i\u00e7erisinde oldu\u011fu sabittir. Mahkemece sosyal hizmet uzman\u0131ndan al\u0131nan 17.5.20204 tarihli raporda da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn bedeni ve fikri geli\u015fmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan babaanne ile ili\u015fkisinin kesilmemesinin daha uygun olaca\u011f\u0131 da a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda velayetin babaya verilmesi, anne ile uygun bir ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki kurulmas\u0131 gerekirken\u2026\u201d(28)<\/p>\n
– Velayet b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcll\u00fck ilkesi kapsam\u0131nda kademeli olarak verilemeyecektir.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u20264-Velayeti anneye verilen ortak \u00e7ocuk ile daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131 baba aras\u0131nda ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki kurulurken \u00e7ocu\u011fun d\u00f6rt ya\u015f\u0131na kadar ve d\u00f6rt ya\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 d\u00fczenlenerek, kademeli ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki d\u00fczenlemesi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. De\u011fi\u015fen ko\u015fullara g\u00f6re, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ya\u015flar\u0131 ve e\u011fitim durumlar\u0131 g\u00f6zetilerek ki\u015fisel ili\u015fkinin yeniden d\u00fczenlemesi gelecek y\u0131llarda her zaman istenebilir. Velayeti davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131 anneye b\u0131rak\u0131lan ortak \u00e7ocuk ile baba aras\u0131nda, uygun s\u00fcreli ve yat\u0131l\u0131 kalacak \u015fekilde ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki kurmak gerekir. Ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki kurulmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulurken; gelecek y\u0131llardaki ko\u015fullar \u00f6nceden bilinemeyece\u011finden, \u015fimdiden ortak \u00e7ocuk ile daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131 baba aras\u0131nda kademeli bir \u015fekilde ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 isabetsiz olup, bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(29)<\/p>\n
– Velayet kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken idrak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda olan \u00e7ocu\u011fun mutlaka dinlenmesi gerekmektedir. \u00c7ocu\u011fun idrak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok soyut bir ifade olmakla birlikte Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcncel kararlar\u0131nda 8 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocu\u011fun idrak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu kabul edilmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Velayet d\u00fczenlemesinde; \u00e7ocukla ana ve baba yarar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 halinde, \u00e7ocu\u011fun yarar\u0131na \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131nmas\u0131 gereklidir. \u00c7ocu\u011fun yarar\u0131 ise; \u00e7ocu\u011fun bedensel, fikri ve ahlaki bak\u0131mdan en iyi \u015fekilde geli\u015febilmesi ve b\u00f6yle bir geli\u015fmenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in, \u00e7ocu\u011fa sosyal, ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ko\u015fullar\u0131n sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7ocu\u011fun bu konulardaki \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131n\u0131 belirlerken; \u00e7ocuk yeti\u015fkin biri olmu\u015f olsayd\u0131, kendisini ilgilendiren bir olayda, kendi yarar\u0131 i\u00e7in ne gibi bir karar verebilecekti ise, \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in karar verme makam\u0131ndaki ki\u015finin de ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde karar vermesi gerekir; yani \u00e7ocu\u011fun farazi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi esas al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Velayet kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkin olup, re\u2019sen ara\u015ft\u0131rma ilkesi ge\u00e7erlidir. Bu nedenle yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda meydana gelen geli\u015fmelerin bile g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 12. maddesi ile \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131n\u0131n Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 3 ve 6. maddeleri, \u0130\u00e7 hukuk taraf\u0131ndan yeterli idrake sahip oldu\u011fu kabul edilen \u00e7ocuklara, kendilerini ilgilendiren davalarda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini ifade etmeye olanak tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine gereken \u00f6nemin verilmesi gerekti\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131 gerektirdi\u011fi takdirde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin aksine karar verilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Velayet hususu, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ilgilendiren konular\u0131n en ba\u015f\u0131nda gelir.<\/p>\n
Ya\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle idrak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda bulunan ortak \u00e7ocuk 17.03.2006 do\u011fumlu Berna’n\u0131n velayet tercihini baba y\u00f6n\u00fcnde kullanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen mahkemece; “annenin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn geli\u015fiminin sa\u011flanabilece\u011fi ve devam ettirilebilece\u011fi bir ortam olu\u015fturdu\u011fu, \u00e7ocu\u011fun do\u011fumundan itibaren yan\u0131nda bulunan, bak\u0131m ve g\u00f6zetimi ile ilgili olarak maddi ve duygusal gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan daval\u0131 anne ile \u00e7ocuk aras\u0131nda kuvvetli bir ba\u011f olu\u015ftu\u011fu, istinabe suretiyle ald\u0131r\u0131lan raporlarda \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayetinin anneye verilmesinin uygun oldu\u011fu \u015feklinde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f belirtildi\u011fi, \u00e7ocu\u011fun ana bak\u0131m vc \u015fefkatine muhta\u00e7 oldu\u011fu ve ortak \u00e7ocu\u011fun ya\u015f itibari ile idrak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda say\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131” gerek\u00e7esiyle velayeti daval\u0131 anneye b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan soru\u015fturma ve toplanan delillerden; ortak \u00e7ocu\u011fun hakim taraf\u0131ndan bizzat dinlendi\u011fi 01.07.2015 tarihinde velayet konusunda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini a\u00e7\u0131klama olgunlu\u011funa eri\u015fti\u011fi ve tercihini baba yan\u0131nda kalmak \u015feklinde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131, al\u0131nan 31.07.2015 tarihli uzman raporuna g\u00f6re baban\u0131n velayet g\u00f6revini yerine getirebilecek \u015fartlara sahip oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmakta olup, \u00e7ocu\u011fun anne ve baba yan\u0131ndaki bar\u0131nma ve ya\u015fama ko\u015fullar\u0131 da de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde velayetinin davac\u0131 babaya b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131na olaca\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, ortak \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayetinin babaya verilmesine karar vermek gerekirken, yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 do\u011fru olmay\u0131p, bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(30)<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu da 27.06.2018 tarih ve 2017\/ 2-3117 Esas, 2018\/1278 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda \u201c\u2026\u2026\u2026dava tarihinde sekiz, karar tarihinde on, bozma tarihinde on iki ya\u015f\u0131ndaki\u201d \u00e7ocu\u011fun, davan\u0131n t\u00fcm a\u015famalar\u0131nda idrak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011funu ifade etmi\u015ftir. Yarg\u0131tay, sekiz ya\u015f\u0131ndaki ortak \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayetinin davac\u0131 anne ve daval\u0131 babadan kald\u0131r\u0131larak, vasi tayini y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ihbarda bulunulan davada da, \u00e7ocu\u011fun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne ba\u015fvurulmadan verilen karar\u0131, bu y\u00f6nden bozmu\u015ftur. Yarg\u0131tay, yak\u0131n zamana kadar dokuz ve \u00fczeri ya\u015flardaki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n idrak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011funu, sekiz ya\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ise idrak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmi\u015fken yeni tarihli kararlar\u0131nda bu ya\u015f\u0131n sekiz oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bu kararlardan yola \u00e7\u0131karak; \u015fu anda Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n velayet incelemesine tabi \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n, sekiz ya\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren idrak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kabul etti\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebiliriz\u2026\u201d(31)<\/p>\n
– Bo\u015fanma sebeplerinden olan kusurlu davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ancak ve ancak \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmas\u0131 halinde dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u20262- Velayet d\u00fczenlemesi yap\u0131l\u0131rken; g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulmas\u0131 gereken temel ilke, “\u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131” ( BM \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131na Dair S\u00f6zle\u015fme m. 3; \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131n\u0131n Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi m. l; TMK m. 339\/1. 343\/1, 346\/1; \u00c7ocuk Koruma Kanunu m. 4\/b) d\u0131r. \u00c7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131n\u0131 belirlerken: onun bedensel, zihinsel, ruhsal, ahlaki ve toplumsal geli\u015fiminin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 amac\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zetilmesi gereklidir. Ana ve baban\u0131n yararlar\u0131; bo\u015fanmadaki kusurlar\u0131, ahlaki de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131, sosyal konumlar\u0131 gibi durumlar\u0131, \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131n\u0131 etkilemedi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulur. M\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocuk … 21.12.2011 do\u011fumludur. \u00c7ocu\u011fun ya\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde anne sevgi, \u015fefkat ve ilgisine muhta\u00e7 \u00e7a\u011fda oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Davadan \u00f6nce ve dava esnas\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli anne yan\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f olup annenin velayet g\u00f6revini ihmal etti\u011fi veya k\u00f6t\u00fcye kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir tespit bulunmamaktad\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda; m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayet d\u00fczenlemesi konusundaki \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131n\u0131n, velayetinin anneye b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Durum b\u00f6yleyken, mahkemece \u00e7ocu\u011fun ge\u00e7erli \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve uzman raporunda da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn velayetinin anneye verilmesi gerekti\u011fi belirtildi\u011fi halde, yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde velayetinin daval\u0131 babaya b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 isabetsiz olmu\u015f ve bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(32)<\/p>\n
– Velayet ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip e\u015fe verilemez. <\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Ana ve baba evli de\u011filse velayet anaya aittir.( TMK. md. 337\/1 )<\/p>\n
K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck L.’nin velisi olan anne S. \u00d6. ak\u0131l hastas\u0131 olup velayet hakk\u0131 12.04.2005 g\u00fcn\u00fc kesinle\u015fen kararla (Divri\u011fi Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi 2002\/18 esas) kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu konu bekletici mesele yap\u0131l\u0131p taraf delilleri toplan\u0131p sonucu uyar\u0131nca karar verilmesi gerekirken eksik inceleme ile yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(33)<\/p>\n
– Velayet hususu, uzman raporu al\u0131nmadan kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. .<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026O halde; velayet konusunda idrak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda bulunan ortak \u00e7ocuk … ‘\u0131n e\u011fitim, k\u00fclt\u00fcr, ya\u015fam olanaklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan nerede ya\u015famak istedi\u011fi konusunda bilgilendirilerek velayet hakk\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn sorulmas\u0131 ve 4787 say\u0131l\u0131 Aile Mahkemelerinin Kurulu\u015f, G\u00f6rev ve Yarg\u0131lama Usullerine Dair Kanun’un 5. maddesi gere\u011fince aile mahkemesi b\u00fcnyesinde bulunan psikolog, pedagog ve sosyal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmac\u0131dan olu\u015fan uzmanlardan, her iki ebeveyn ve \u00e7ocukla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek suretiyle inceleme ve rapor istenip taraflar\u0131n bar\u0131nma, gelir, sosyal ve psikolojik durumlar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7ocu\u011fun sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in velayeti \u00fcstlenmeye engel bir durumun bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fan\u0131lan ortam\u0131nda da inceleme yapmak sureti ile ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve di\u011fer deliller de g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nmak suretiyle ebeveynlerinden hangisi yan\u0131nda kalmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fun menfaatine olaca\u011f\u0131 tespit edilerek t\u00fcm deliller birlikte de\u011ferlendirilip velayet konusunda bir karar verilmesi gerekirken eksik inceleme ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmayla yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 usul ve kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(34)<\/p>\n
Velayet konusu son derece incelikli olup \u00e7ok ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde incelenmeyi gerektirmektedir. Elbette ki b\u00f6yle bir konunun bu kadar k\u0131sa bir yaz\u0131 ile tamamen a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamakta olup \u00f6nemli k\u0131s\u0131mlar ile k\u0131saca a\u00e7\u0131klanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu konu son derece geni\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlarda incelenen bir konu olmas\u0131 ve somut olaya g\u00f6re \u00e7ok fazla de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6stermesi sebebiyle uzman bir bo\u015fanma avukat\u0131 olmadan dava a\u00e7\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Hatta s\u00fcrece ba\u015flamadan bir avukata dan\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir ki s\u00fcre\u00e7 hata yap\u0131lmadan tamamlanabilsin.<\/p>\n
KAYNAK\u00c7A:<\/p>\n
(1) GEN\u00c7CAN, \u00d6mer U\u011fur, Velayet Hukuku, Ankara 2023, Yetkin yay\u0131nlar\u0131, syf-113.<\/p>\n
(2) Birinci Uzun, Hacettepe HFD, 6(1) 2016, 135\u2013166<\/p>\n
(3) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD, 2010\/10784 E. 2011\/1432 K. 27.11.2011 T.<\/p>\n
(4) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD, 2015\/25040 E. 2016\/1042 K. 20.1.2016 T.<\/p>\n
(5) Yarg\u0131tay 20. HD, 2016\/9623 E. 2016\/9431 K. 24.10.2016 T.<\/p>\n
(6) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2016\/10716 E. 2016\/11271 K. 8.6.2016 T.<\/p>\n
(7) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD, 10.12.2007, 3339-17113.<\/p>\n
(8) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2007\/5526 E. 2008\/2943 K. 6.3.2008 T.<\/p>\n
(9) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2015\/26724 E. 2016\/1488 K. 1.2.2016 T.<\/p>\n
(10) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2013\/20336 E. 2014\/2706 K. 13.2.2014 T.<\/p>\n
(11) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 28.1.2008, 3950-549<\/p>\n
(12) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2019\/5047 E. 2019\/12018 K. 9.12.2019 T.<\/p>\n
(13) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2021\/3967 E. 2021\/5195 K. 23.6.2021 T.<\/p>\n
(14) Yarg\u0131tay 2.HD. 6.3.2008, 5526-2943<\/p>\n
(15) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 12.7.2005, 8769-11125<\/p>\n
(16) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2015\/17872 E. 2015\/18864 K. 20.10.2015 T.<\/p>\n
(17) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2013\/7123 E. 2013\/26501 K. 14.11.2013 T.<\/p>\n
(18) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2011\/2955 E. 2012\/533 K. 7.1.2012 T.<\/p>\n
(19) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 11.6.2002, 4367-7923<\/p>\n
(20) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2013\/25123 E. 2014\/9293 K. 17.4.2014 T.<\/p>\n
(21) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2016\/22980 E. 2016\/15973 K. 14.2.2016 T.<\/p>\n
(22) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2019\/906 E. 2019\/1745 K. 27.2.2019 T.<\/p>\n
(23) YHGK. 2017\/1567 E. 2018\/1132 K. 23.05.2018 T.<\/p>\n
(24) Yarg\u0131tay 2.HD. 2016\/4036 E. 2016\/5518 K. 21.3.2016 T.<\/p>\n
(25) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2020\/581 E. 2020\/2382 K. 1.6.2020 T.<\/p>\n
(26) YGHK. 2013\/1926 E. 2015\/1139 K. 1.4.2015 T.<\/p>\n
(27) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 4.3.2002, 2252-2783<\/p>\n
(28) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 6.12.2004, 13321-14573<\/p>\n
(29) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2016\/24042 E. 2018\/10581 K. 3.10.2018 T.<\/p>\n
(30) Yarg\u0131tay 2.HD. 2015\/25768 E.2017\/4203 K. 11.4.2017 T.<\/p>\n
(31) Yarg\u0131tay Kararlar\u0131 I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Velayet Davalar\u0131 Ve Velayet Davalar\u0131nda \u00c7ocu\u011fun G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn Al\u0131nmas\u0131, Cavide DEVEL\u0130 G\u00dcRAN\u0130, Y\u00d6K Ulusal Tez Merkezi, Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, \u00d6zel Hukuk Anabilim Dal\u0131, syf-61.<\/p>\n
(32) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2016\/4625 E. 2016\/5411 K. 16.3.2016 T.<\/p>\n
(33) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2006\/1384 E. 2006\/1955 K. 20.2.2006 T.<\/p>\n
(34) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2020\/1715 E. 2020\/2415 K. 1.6.2020 T.<\/p>\n
\u200bVelayete ili\u015fkin i\u00e7tihatlardan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere velayet konusu \u00e7ok dar s\u0131n\u0131rlar ile i\u015flenmemektedir. Kararlar somut olaya g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6stermekte olup velayet, olduk\u00e7a canl\u0131 ve s\u00fcrekli takip edilmesi gereken kararlar\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir konudur. <\/p>\n
Velayet kavram\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ncelikle tan\u0131mlamak gerekmektedir. Velayet k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerin ve baz\u0131 durumlarda k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n gerek ki\u015filiklerinin gerek mallar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131, bak\u0131m\u0131, e\u011fitimi ve onlar\u0131n temsili konusunda kanunun ana babaya y\u00fckledi\u011fi y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler ile bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin gere\u011fi olan haklar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ifade eder(1). <\/p>\n
Bir ba\u015fka tan\u0131m da \u015fu \u015fekildedir. Vel\u00e2yet; k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerin ve istisna\u00ee olarak k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 ergin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, korunmas\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6nlerden yeti\u015ftirilmesini sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla, ana baban\u0131n, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ki\u015filiklerinin ve mallar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131yla, onlar\u0131n temsili konusunda sahip olduklar\u0131 hak, yetki ve \u00f6devler olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r(2).<\/p>\n
Velayet e\u015flerin ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bo\u015fanmalar\u0131 ile birlikte tek e\u015fe verilebilece\u011fi gibi ortak velayet kapsam\u0131nda iki e\u015fe birlikte de verilebilmektedir. Velayetin hangi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler kapsam\u0131nda hangi e\u015fe verilece\u011fi hususu yukar\u0131da da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere \u00e7ok dar s\u0131n\u0131rlar kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Velayet \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn menfaatine g\u00f6re kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu menfaat e\u015flerin durumuna bak\u0131larak kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmakta olup bu durum baz\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde tespit edilmektedir. Bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler; e\u015flerin maddi durumu, \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00e7evresi, anne bak\u0131m ve \u015fefkatine muhta\u00e7l\u0131k, \u00e7ocu\u011fun ya\u015f\u0131, e\u015flerin ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olup olmamas\u0131, \u00e7ocu\u011fun sa\u011fl\u0131k durumu ve benzeri \u00f6zel durumlar\u0131, \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in sa\u011flanacak maddi-manevi ko\u015fullar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc, \u015fahsen bakabilme olanaklar\u0131, karde\u015flerin ayr\u0131lmazl\u0131k ilkesi, ahlaki de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131, ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131, meslekleri, \u00e7ocuk ile ileti\u015fimleri \u015feklindedir. Velayet, e\u015flerin hangisinin durumunun \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn menfaatine daha uygun oldu\u011fu, \u00e7ocu\u011fun ya\u015f\u0131 gibi durumlara g\u00f6re belirlenmekte olup bu yaz\u0131da genel bilgiler kapsam\u0131nda ve i\u00e7tihatlar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
– Velayet kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkindir. Bu sebeple taraflardan birinin kabul\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade etmez. Mahkemece re\u2019sen incelenir. Yarg\u0131laman\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131nda talep edilebilir. Bu taleplere ili\u015fkin her zaman delil sunulabilir. Bu sebeple kesin h\u00fck\u00fcm olu\u015fturmaz. Davadan \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra bile olsa velayetin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 veya de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131labilir. Zira s\u00f6z konusu olan \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn menfaatidir. \u00c7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn menfaati ilkesi \u201c\u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131n\u0131n Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u201dnden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. \u00dclkemiz de bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye taraft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026M\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n velayeti kesinle\u015fen bo\u015fanma karar\u0131 ile daval\u0131 babaya verilmi\u015f, davac\u0131 anne velayetin babadan al\u0131narak kendisine verilmesini istemi\u015ftir. Velayet kamu d\u00fczeni ile ilgili olup daval\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmaz.<\/p>\n
Taraflar\u0131n delilleri sorulup, g\u00f6sterdikleri takdirde toplan\u0131p, gerekti\u011finde uzmanlardan rapor al\u0131narak sonucu uyar\u0131nca velayet d\u00fczenlemesi gerekirken daval\u0131n\u0131n kabul beyan\u0131 nazara al\u0131narak ilk oturumda yaz\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde velayetin babadan al\u0131narak davac\u0131ya takdirine karar verilmesi do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(3)<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Mehmet 01.01.2005 do\u011fumlu olup, taraflar\u0131n evlilik d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ili\u015fkisinden d\u00fcnyaya gelmi\u015f, davac\u0131 baba taraf\u0131ndan 06.09.2010 tarihinde tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Davac\u0131 baba velayetin anneden al\u0131narak kendisine verilmesini istemi\u015ftir. Ana baba evli de\u011filse velayet anneye aittir (TMK.md.337\/1). Velayet kamu d\u00fczeni ile ilgili olup, daval\u0131n\u0131n davay\u0131 kabul\u00fc tek ba\u015f\u0131na hukuki sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmaz. Mahkemece, taraflara delil g\u00f6stermeleri i\u00e7in s\u00fcre verilmesi, g\u00f6sterdikleri takdirde delillerin toplanmas\u0131, gerekti\u011finde uzman raporu al\u0131n\u0131p idrak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda olan \u00e7ocuk da dinlenip, deliller birlikte de\u011ferlendirilerek, sonuca ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekirken, daval\u0131n\u0131n kabul beyan\u0131 yeterli g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcp eksik inceleme ile karar verilmesi do\u011fru olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u2026\u201d(4)<\/p>\n
– Velayet sadece anne ve\/veya babaya verilebilir. \u00c7ocu\u011fun vesayet alt\u0131nda olmas\u0131 halinde, vesayet kald\u0131r\u0131lmadan velayet talep edilemez.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026… Aile Mahkemesince davac\u0131n\u0131n vesayetin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin talebinin tefriki ile ayr\u0131 esasa kaydedilmesine karar verilmi\u015f, tefrikten sonra da vesayete ili\u015fkin karar usul\u00fcne uygun bi\u00e7imde kald\u0131r\u0131lmadan, velayetin tevdiine ili\u015fkin dava incelenemeyece\u011finden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fczerindeki vesayetin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda g\u00f6revsizlik karar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(5)<\/p>\n
– \u00c7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131 g\u00f6zetilir. Anne ile baban\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri k\u0131yaslan\u0131r ve hangisi \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn menfaatine uygun ise velayet o tarafa verilir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde \u00e7ocu\u011fun ya\u015f durumu da g\u00f6zetilmektedir. Anne bak\u0131m ve \u015fefkatine muhta\u00e7 ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olan \u00e7ocu\u011fun, \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil etmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece velayeti anneye verilecektir. \u00d6rne\u011fin 0-3 ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuk ile 3-6 ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocu\u011fun anne bak\u0131m ve \u015fefkatine muhta\u00e7 olma durumu aras\u0131nda az da olsa mevcut bir fark g\u00f6zetilmektedir. Her ne kadar \u00e7ocuk 6 ya\u015f\u0131na kadar anne bak\u0131m ve \u015fefkatine muhta\u00e7 ise de durumun ko\u015fullar\u0131na ve zorunluluklar\u0131na g\u00f6re ayr\u0131 bir de\u011ferlendirmeye tabi tutulabilecektir. \u00dcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil eden durumlar da somut olaya g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilecektir.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Taraflar hakk\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen sosyal inceleme raporunda m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocuk; annesinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hatalar nedeniyle onunla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek istemedi\u011fini, son olarak annesi ile tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan sonra halas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na gitti\u011fini, bir daha annesi ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek istemedi\u011fini, annesinin kendisini g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek i\u00e7in arad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ama kabul etmedi\u011fini ifade etmi\u015f, davac\u0131 baba; ortak \u00e7ocu\u011fun annenin yeniden evlenmesi sebebiyle birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 annenin yan\u0131ndan ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, daval\u0131 anne ise; davac\u0131 babay\u0131 kendisinin \u015fikayet etmesi nedeniyle baban\u0131n yarg\u0131lan\u0131p hapis cezas\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunun \u00fczerine davac\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fu kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7ocu\u011fun kendisini su\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 babam senin y\u00fcz\u00fcnden hapse girecek dedi\u011fini ve o d\u00f6nem yeniden evlendi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00e7ocu\u011fun buna da tepki g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini beyan etmi\u015ftir. Toplanan delillerden; taraflar\u0131n 31.10.2011 tarihinde kesinle\u015fen karar \u0130le bo\u015fand\u0131klar\u0131, ortak \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayetinin daval\u0131 anneye b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, davac\u0131 baban\u0131n… Asliye Ceza Mahkemesinin 2009\/159 esas say\u0131l\u0131 dosyas\u0131nda \u00e7ocu\u011fun basit cinsel istismar\u0131 su\u00e7undan hapisle cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verildi\u011fi ve daval\u0131 annenin 10.06.2013 tarihinde 2. evlili\u011fini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesinden sonra ortak \u00e7ocu\u011fun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 evi terketti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ocu\u011fun annesi ile, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 evlilik sebebiyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek istemedi\u011fini bildirmesi, annenin onunla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme iste\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermemesi ya da \u00e7ocu\u011fun s\u0131nav ba\u015far\u0131 puan\u0131na uygun yat\u0131l\u0131 bir okula yerle\u015ftirilmesi velayetin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ya da velayetin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini gerektirmez. Bu durumda davan\u0131n t\u00fcmden reddi gerekirken, yetersiz gerek\u00e7e ile yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r\u2026\u201d(6)<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Ana yan\u0131nda kalmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fun bedeni, fikri, ahlaki geli\u015fmesine engel olaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ciddi ve inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 deliller bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hemen meydana gelecek tehlikelerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ispat edilmedi\u011fi halde ana bak\u0131m, \u015fefkatine muhta\u00e7 2003 do\u011fumlu M.\u2019in T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 182, 336\/2 maddeleri uyar\u0131nca baban\u0131n velayetine b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 usul ve kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r\u2026\u201d(7)<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026M\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocuk E.N.. 8.7.2002 do\u011fumlu olup, ya\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle annenin olumsuz davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 anlayamaz. O halde anne bak\u0131m ve \u015fefkatine muhta\u00e7 ya\u015fta bulunan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn velayetinin anneye verilmesi gerekti\u011finin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmemi\u015f olmas\u0131, yaz\u0131l\u0131 gerek\u00e7elerle belirtilen \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(8)<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Bo\u015fanma karar\u0131ndan sonra, velayet sahibi baba taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ocu\u011fun ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmas\u0131 ve anne taraf\u0131ndan daha iyi bak\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 inanc\u0131yla, \u00e7ocu\u011fun davac\u0131 annesine b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7ocu\u011fun uzun s\u00fcredir fiilen anne yan\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplanan delillerden anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Mahkemece, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne ba\u015fvurulan uzman da, \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayetinin anneye verilmesinin uygun olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirmi\u015ftir. Dosyada uzman g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden ayr\u0131lmay\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lan bir olgu ve delil bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu durumda ya\u015f\u0131 itibar\u0131yla ana bak\u0131m ve \u015fefkatine muhta\u00e7 olan, 2010 do\u011fumlu …’\u0131n velayetinin babadan al\u0131narak anneye verilmesi gerekirken, davan\u0131n reddedilmesi isabetsiz olup bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(9)<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Davac\u0131n\u0131n kocas\u0131 ve \u00e7ocu\u011fuyla birlikte izin i\u00e7in Almanya’dan T\u00fcrkiye’ye geldi\u011finde; \u00e7ocu\u011fu kay\u0131nvalidesine b\u0131rak\u0131p, ilki 17.07.2012 tarihinde, di\u011feri de daha sonra olmak \u00fczere iki kez evlenmeden \u00f6nce tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 erkek arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na gitti\u011fi ve onunla ilkinde be\u015f g\u00fcn ikincisinde ise belirlenemeyen bir s\u00fcre birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ikinci kez terk edip gitmesinden sonra \u00e7ocu\u011fu daval\u0131n\u0131n beraberine al\u0131p Almanya’ya d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc toplanan delillerden anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ocuk 24.04.2010 do\u011fumludur. Annenin bu ya\u015ftaki bir \u00e7ocu\u011fu yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi b\u0131rak\u0131p gitmesi, \u00e7ocu\u011fa yeterli ilgiyi g\u00f6stermedi\u011fini ve ona kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihmal etti\u011fini ortaya koyar. Bu maddi olgu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda velayetin anneye b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131 g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde isabetli olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131mdan velayetin babaya b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekirken yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(10)<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026 m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocuk A. 2003 do\u011fumlu olup ya\u015f\u0131 gere\u011fi ana bak\u0131m ve ilgisine muhta\u00e7t\u0131r. Do\u011fdu\u011fundan beri daval\u0131 annesi ile kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Annesinin yan\u0131nda kalmaya devam etmesinin \u00e7ocu\u011fun geli\u015fimini olumsuz etkileyece\u011fine dair dosyada inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 delil de bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Velayetin daval\u0131 anneye verilmesi gerekirken\u2026\u201d(11)<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Bo\u015fanman\u0131n ileriye y\u00f6nelik etkilerini hafifletmekte ve \u00e7ocu\u011fun bo\u015fanmadan sonraki hayata al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli etken, \u00e7ocu\u011fun hayat\u0131nda kararl\u0131l\u0131k ve s\u00fcreklili\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ortak \u00e7ocuk hen\u00fcz 5 ya\u015f\u0131nda olup, ya\u015f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, anne bak\u0131m ve \u015fefkatine muhta\u00e7t\u0131r. \u00c7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131n\u0131n tespiti amac\u0131yla d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f bulunan dosyada mevcut uzman g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri i\u00e7inde de anneye verilmesine engel bir durumun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; ortak \u00e7ocu\u011fun belirli aral\u0131klarla her iki ebeveyn yan\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, anne ile kurdu\u011fu ba\u011f, ya\u015f\u0131 ve i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu geli\u015fim d\u00f6neminin \u00f6zellikleri, anne varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn psiko-sosyal geli\u015fimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemi, annenin sergiledi\u011fi ebeveyn tutumu ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011fe yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda velayetin anneye verilmesi gerekirken, yan\u0131lg\u0131l\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme ile velayetin babaya verilmesi usul ve kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup, bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(12)<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Toplanan delillerden, daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131 kad\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka erkeklerle mesajla\u015farak g\u00fcven sars\u0131c\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flarda bulundu\u011fu sabit ise de gayr\u0131 ahlaki bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ispatlanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle \u00e7ocuklardan …’in uzmana verdi\u011fi beyanlar ve son raporda kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklardan …’nun ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 ortam\u0131n fiziki ko\u015fullar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda baban\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar \u00fczerindeki y\u00f6nlendirme ve bask\u0131s\u0131 ile daval\u0131 -kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131 kad\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6fkesinin yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ya\u015f, geli\u015fimleri de g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde anne bak\u0131m ve \u015fefkatine daha \u00e7ok ihtiya\u00e7 duyduklar\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde bulunduklar\u0131, annenin velayet g\u00f6revini a\u011f\u0131r ihmal durumunun somut delillerle ispatlanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, baba, babaanne ve yengenin anneye kar\u015f\u0131 olumsuz tutum ve s\u00f6ylemlerinin \u00e7ocuklar taraf\u0131ndan da beyan edildi\u011fi, velayet d\u00fczenlemesinde as\u0131l olan\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn menfaatinin korunmas\u0131 oldu\u011fu, ki\u015fisel \u00f6fke ve intikam duygular\u0131n\u0131n kesinlikle \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn menfaatlerine tercih edilemeyecekleri, kald\u0131 ki baban\u0131n uzun s\u00fcreli \u015fehir d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 nedeniyle velayeti almas\u0131 durumunda \u00e7ocuklara babaanne ve dedenin bakaca\u011f\u0131 hususu da g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde taraflar\u0131n ortak \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 2008 do\u011fumlu … ve 2012 do\u011fumlu …’nun velayetlerinin daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131 annelerine verilmesine karar vermek gerekirken, yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f, bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(13)<\/p>\n
– 0-6 ya\u015f grubundaki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n velayeti, anne bak\u0131m ve \u015fefkatine muhta\u00e7 olmas\u0131 sebebiyle \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil etmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece, anneye verilecektir. Annenin mesle\u011finin genel ahlaka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmas\u0131 halinde dahi \u00e7ocu\u011fun annenin ya\u015fam tarz\u0131nda mevcut olumsuz davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 alg\u0131layacak ya\u015fta olmamas\u0131 sebebiyle velayetin anneye verilmesinde engel bir durumdan da bahsedilemeyecektir. <\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026M\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocuk E.N. 8.7.2002 do\u011fumlu olup, ya\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle annenin olumsuz davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 anlayamaz\u2026.\u201d(14)<\/p>\n
– Ancak e\u011fer \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn menfaatine ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir durum varsa, anne \u00e7ocukla hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde ilgilenmiyorsa o vakit velayet babaya verilebilecektir.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u202626.2.2001 do\u011fumlu m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocuk F.\u2019in anne bak\u0131m ve \u015fefkatine muhta\u00e7 ise de e\u015flerin ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 26.10.2002 tarihinden beri baban\u0131n yan\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu, annenin gereken ilgiyi g\u00f6stermedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn velayetinin babaya verilmesi gerekirken\u2026\u201d(15)<\/p>\n
– E\u015flerden birinin ba\u015fkas\u0131 ile evli olmas\u0131 velayetin kendisine verilmemesini gerektirmez. Yani velayetin verilmesine tek ba\u015f\u0131na engel olu\u015fturabilecek bir husus de\u011fildir. E\u011fer di\u011fer e\u015f \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil eden davran\u0131\u015flarda bulunuyorsa o vakit bu bir sebep say\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Toplanan deliller, velayetin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015ftu\u011funu kabule yeterlilikte de\u011fildir. Velayet sahibi baban\u0131n yeniden evlenmesi, tek ba\u015f\u0131na velayetin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini gerektirmez\u2026\u201d(16)<\/p>\n
– E\u015flerden birinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerin de\u011fi\u015fmesi de \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil etmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece tek ba\u015f\u0131na velayetin verilmemesine neden te\u015fkil etmeyecektir. Ancak \u00e7ocu\u011fun al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortam\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesi \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil ediyorsa bu husus nazara al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Toplanan deliller, velayetin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini hakl\u0131 k\u0131lacak yeterlilikte de\u011fildir. Velayet sahibi annenin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeri de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi, tek ba\u015f\u0131na velayetin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini gerektirmez\u2026\u201d(17)<\/p>\n
– E\u015flerden birinin bo\u015fanma s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki kusurlar\u0131ndan birinin sadakatsizlik olmas\u0131 \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil etmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece velayetin verilmemesine tek ba\u015f\u0131na sebep olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Ana ve baban\u0131n yararlar\u0131; bo\u015fanmadaki kusurlar\u0131, ahlaki de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131, sosyal konumlar\u0131 gibi durumlar\u0131, \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131n\u0131 etkilemedi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulur. Annenin sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranmas\u0131 olay\u0131, tek ba\u015f\u0131na anneye velayetin verilmeme nedeni olarak kabul edilemez. \u00c7ocuklardan Y.2003, F. 2005 do\u011fumludur. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n ya\u015flar\u0131 g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde anne sevgi, \u015fefkat ve ilgisine muhta\u00e7 \u00e7a\u011fda olduklar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Annenin velayet g\u00f6revini ihmal etti\u011fi kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda; \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n velayet d\u00fczenlemesi konusundaki \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131n\u0131n, velayetlerinin anneye b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Durum b\u00f6yleyken mahkemece \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ge\u00e7erli \u00fcst\u00fcn yararlar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde velayetlerinin davac\u0131 babaya b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 isabetsiz olmu\u015f ve bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(18)<\/p>\n
– Velayetin kesintisiz olmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. E\u011fer velayetin kendisinde oldu\u011fu e\u015f \u00e7ocu\u011fun menfaatine ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranmad\u0131ysa, velayetin de\u011fi\u015fmesini gerektirecek bir durum s\u00f6z konusu de\u011filse velayet de\u011fi\u015ftirilmemelidir.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Taraflar m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fu 13 ya\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r. Davac\u0131 annenin davadan sonra nereye gitti\u011fi belli de\u011fildir. ana bak\u0131m ve \u015fefkatinden de \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eu halde velayet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kesintisiz kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131 ile velayeti daval\u0131 babaya verilmesi gerekti\u011fini\u2026\u201d(19)<\/p>\n
\u201c\u20263-Velayet d\u00fczenlemesinde anal\u0131k babal\u0131k duygular\u0131ndan \u00f6nce \u00e7ocu\u011fun menfaatine \u00f6nem verilmelidir. Uzman raporunda da annenin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7ocu\u011fun bak\u0131m ve g\u00f6zetimini sa\u011flayacak yeterli olana\u011fa sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7ocu\u011fu i\u015fyerine g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek, arkada\u015flar\u0131na b\u0131rakmak gibi zorluklar\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131, davac\u0131n\u0131n bak\u0131m ve g\u00f6zetim hususunda kesintisiz yard\u0131m alabilece\u011fi sosyal deste\u011fin olmamas\u0131n\u0131n velayet konusunda olumsuz bir durum olarak de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi ve velayetin babaya verilmesinin \u00e7ocu\u011fun menfaatine oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Taraflar\u0131n m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fu 2005 do\u011fumlu Dilara’n\u0131n dava s\u0131ras\u0131nada ge\u00e7ici olarak velayeti 03.07.2012 tarihli ara kararla davac\u0131ya verilmesine ra\u011fmen yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7ocu\u011fun zaman zaman baba ile birlikte kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve daval\u0131 tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri 09:00-21:00 olan davac\u0131 annenin i\u015f yerine \u00e7ocu\u011fu getirmek zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131 ve uzman raporu kapsam\u0131nda; \u00e7o\u00e7u\u011fun 2005 do\u011fumlu oldu\u011fu ve ya\u015f grubu itibariyle anneye olan gereksiniminin de azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetilerek \u00e7ocu\u011fun menfaati gere\u011fi velayetin daval\u0131 babaya verilmesi gerekirken \u00e7o\u00e7u\u011fun ya\u015f\u0131 ve cinsiyeti itibariyle anne bak\u0131m ve sevgisine muhta\u00e7 oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esi ile velayetinin davac\u0131 anneye verilmesi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(20)<\/p>\n
– Anne ve baba evli de\u011filse kanundan kaynakl\u0131 olarak velayet anneye aittir.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Ancak, dava \u015fart\u0131 noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ise bunun tamamlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kesin s\u00fcre verir. Bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde dava \u015fart\u0131 noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 giderilmemi\u015fse davay\u0131 dava \u015fart\u0131 yoklu\u011fu sebebiyle usulden reddeder [HMK m. 115-(1), (2)],<\/p>\n
“Ana ve baba evli de\u011filse velayet anneye aittir” (TMK m.337\/1). Bu yasal d\u00fczenlemeye g\u00f6re, eldeki davada k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerin velayetinin davac\u0131 annede oldu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zd\u0131r. Yasa gere\u011fi velayet kendisinde bulunan davac\u0131 annenin, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n velayeti i\u00e7in dava a\u00e7mas\u0131nda hukuki yarar bulunmamaktad\u0131r. O halde, mahkemece davan\u0131n, hukuki yararla ilgili dava \u015fart\u0131 yoklu\u011fu sebebiyle usulden reddine karar verilmesi gerekirken, kabul\u00fcne karar verilmesi do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f ve bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(21)<\/p>\n
– E\u011fer taraflar\u0131n 18 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck birden fazla \u00e7ocu\u011fu var ise karde\u015flerin ayr\u0131lmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkesi gere\u011fi t\u00fcm \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n velayeti ayn\u0131 e\u015fe verilecektir.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bu duruma g\u00f6re; ortak \u00e7ocu\u011fun, velayet g\u00f6revinin gereklerini fiilen yerine getirmeyen, \u00e7ocu\u011fa ilgi g\u00f6stermeyen ve uzun s\u00fcreli olarak uyu\u015fturucu madde kullanan daval\u0131 baba yan\u0131nda kalmas\u0131, onun fiziksel ve ruhsal geli\u015fimini olumsuz etkileyecek nitelikte olup, karde\u015flerin bir arada ya\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fimlerine sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 olumlu katk\u0131lar ile \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131 gerektirdi\u011fi takdirde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin aksine de karar verilebilece\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yukar\u0131da belirtilen ilkeler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde davan\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile dava konusu ortak \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayetinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine karar verilmesi gerekirken, baban\u0131n son d\u00f6nemde uyu\u015fturucu madde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespit edilemedi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 do\u011fru olmay\u0131p bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(22)<\/p>\n
– Velayet, m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortamdan ayr\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmelidir. \u00c7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131n\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi istisnalar da unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026\u00e7ocu\u011fun baba yan\u0131nda olup anaokuluna gitti\u011fi, bulundu\u011fu ortama al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 uzman raporu ile belirlendi\u011finden ve baban\u0131n engel bir durumu da bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, velayet hakk\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortamdan uzakla\u015ft\u0131racak \u015fekilde anneye verilmesi do\u011fru de\u011fildir.\u201d(23)<\/p>\n
– Velayet hakk\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlanamaz. Velayeti kendisinde bulunduran e\u015f, \u00e7ocu\u011fu yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek istemesi halinde di\u011fer e\u015ften muvafakat almak zorunda de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Velayet hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanman\u0131n do\u011fal sonucu olarak, velayet hakk\u0131 kendisinde bulunan daval\u0131-davac\u0131 annenin, ortak \u00e7ocukla gerek yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 gerekse yurt i\u00e7inde seyahat etmesi davac\u0131-daval\u0131 baban\u0131n muvafakat\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. M\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun yurt i\u00e7i ve yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 seyahatlerinin baban\u0131n onay\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 tutulmas\u0131, daval\u0131-davac\u0131 annenin velayet g\u00f6revini yerine getirmesine engel olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u00e7ocu\u011fun seyahat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 sonucunu da do\u011furacakt\u0131r (YHGK 2012\/2-799 esas, 2013\/389 karar). A\u00e7\u0131klanan sebeplerle, daval\u0131-davac\u0131n\u0131n, davac\u0131-daval\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fen davas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131 davas\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc gerekirken, yetersiz gerek\u00e7e ile reddi do\u011fru olmay\u0131p, bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(24)<\/p>\n
– Velayeti kendisinde bulundurmayan e\u015f ile \u00e7ocuk aras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen ki\u015fisel ili\u015fkide yer s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Zira velayeti kendinde bulundurmayan e\u015fin anal\u0131k\/babal\u0131k duygular\u0131n\u0131n tatmin edilmesi de olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nem te\u015fkil etmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u20262-Mahkemece, davac\u0131 baba taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lan velayetin d\u00fczenlenmesi davas\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 sonucunda davan\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile ortak \u00e7ocuk Enes’in velayetinin anneye, ortak \u00e7ocuk Ender\u2019in velayetinin ise davac\u0131 babaya verilmesine karar verilmi\u015ftir. Karar\u0131n davac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmesi \u00fczerine, Dairemizin 15.10.2019 tarih ve 2019\/4491 esas ve 2019\/10161 karar say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131 ile h\u00fckm\u00fcn “Velayet kendisine b\u0131rak\u0131lmayan e\u015fle di\u011feri aras\u0131nda ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki d\u00fczenlenirken karde\u015flerin birbirini g\u00f6rmelerine olanak sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 \u015fekilde d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n karde\u015flik ili\u015fkisinin geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu, bu bak\u0131mdan karde\u015flerin birbirini g\u00f6recek \u015fekilde ve tatil d\u00f6nemleri de ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki tesisi gerekirken yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm tesisinin do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131” belirtilerek bozulmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015f, bozma kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan temyize konu di\u011fer b\u00f6l\u00fcmler ise onanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mahkemece velayeti anneye b\u0131rak\u0131lan ortak \u00e7ocuk Enes ile baba aras\u0131nda \u00e7ocu\u011fun yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmamak ko\u015fuluyla ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki tesisine karar verilmi\u015ftir. Davac\u0131 baba Almanya’da ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Velayeti anneye b\u0131rak\u0131lan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckle baba aras\u0131nda kurulan ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn fikri ve bedeni ili\u015fkisinin geli\u015fmesi ile babal\u0131k duygular\u0131n\u0131n da tatminini gerektirir. Bu husus nazara al\u0131nmadan ortak \u00e7ocuk Enes ile baba aras\u0131nda yer s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 yaparak ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki tesisi do\u011fru olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yer s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi de belirtilmek suretiyle bozma karar\u0131 verilmesi gerekirken, ilk incelemede bu husus g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fundan davac\u0131 baban\u0131n karar d\u00fczeltme isteminin bu y\u00f6nden kabul\u00fcne ve Dairemizin k\u0131smen onama-k\u0131smen bozmaya dair ilam\u0131n\u0131n 2. bendinde bu bozma sebebi de eklenerek yerel mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik gerek\u00e7e ile bozulmas\u0131na karar vermek gerekmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(25)<\/p>\n
– Velayeti kendinde bulunduran e\u015fin, di\u011fer e\u015f ile \u00e7ocuk aras\u0131ndaki ki\u015fisel ili\u015fkiyi engellemek istemesi velayetin kendisinden al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n sebeplerinden biri olabilecektir.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Bu durumda daval\u0131 annenin sekiz ya\u015f\u0131ndaki m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen babas\u0131 ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesini engelleyerek, velayet hakk\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcye kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunun kan\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayetinin daval\u0131 anneden al\u0131narak davac\u0131 babaya verilmesi gerekti\u011fi kabul edilmelidir\u2026\u201d(26)<\/p>\n
– Yine velayeti kendinde bulunduran e\u015fin \u00e7ocu\u011fu s\u00fcrekli olarak ba\u015fkas\u0131nda b\u0131rakmas\u0131 halinde velayet kald\u0131r\u0131labilecek veya de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilecektir.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026bo\u015fanma ile velayet kendisine verilen baban\u0131n o g\u00fcnden beri \u00e7ocu\u011fu fiilen halas\u0131na b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131, halan\u0131n kocas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan d\u00f6v\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ocu\u011fun beyan\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na davan\u0131n reddine neden yap\u0131lamaz\u2026\u201d(27)<\/p>\n
– E\u011fer e\u015flerden birine velayet verilemeyecek durumda ise di\u011fer e\u015fin tutuklu olmas\u0131 velayetin kendisine verilmesine tek ba\u015f\u0131na engel de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Baba cezaevinde h\u00fckmen tutukludur. Velayeti anneye verilen m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocuk 8.5.2000 do\u011fumludur. Toplanan delillerden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn do\u011fdu\u011fu tarihten beri baban\u0131n yan\u0131nda ve babaannesi taraf\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Annenin ahlaki \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc i\u00e7erisinde oldu\u011fu sabittir. Mahkemece sosyal hizmet uzman\u0131ndan al\u0131nan 17.5.20204 tarihli raporda da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn bedeni ve fikri geli\u015fmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan babaanne ile ili\u015fkisinin kesilmemesinin daha uygun olaca\u011f\u0131 da a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda velayetin babaya verilmesi, anne ile uygun bir ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki kurulmas\u0131 gerekirken\u2026\u201d(28)<\/p>\n
– Velayet b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcll\u00fck ilkesi kapsam\u0131nda kademeli olarak verilemeyecektir.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u20264-Velayeti anneye verilen ortak \u00e7ocuk ile daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131 baba aras\u0131nda ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki kurulurken \u00e7ocu\u011fun d\u00f6rt ya\u015f\u0131na kadar ve d\u00f6rt ya\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 d\u00fczenlenerek, kademeli ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki d\u00fczenlemesi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. De\u011fi\u015fen ko\u015fullara g\u00f6re, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ya\u015flar\u0131 ve e\u011fitim durumlar\u0131 g\u00f6zetilerek ki\u015fisel ili\u015fkinin yeniden d\u00fczenlemesi gelecek y\u0131llarda her zaman istenebilir. Velayeti davac\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131 anneye b\u0131rak\u0131lan ortak \u00e7ocuk ile baba aras\u0131nda, uygun s\u00fcreli ve yat\u0131l\u0131 kalacak \u015fekilde ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki kurmak gerekir. Ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki kurulmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulurken; gelecek y\u0131llardaki ko\u015fullar \u00f6nceden bilinemeyece\u011finden, \u015fimdiden ortak \u00e7ocuk ile daval\u0131-kar\u015f\u0131 davac\u0131 baba aras\u0131nda kademeli bir \u015fekilde ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 isabetsiz olup, bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(29)<\/p>\n
– Velayet kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken idrak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda olan \u00e7ocu\u011fun mutlaka dinlenmesi gerekmektedir. \u00c7ocu\u011fun idrak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok soyut bir ifade olmakla birlikte Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcncel kararlar\u0131nda 8 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocu\u011fun idrak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu kabul edilmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Velayet d\u00fczenlemesinde; \u00e7ocukla ana ve baba yarar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 halinde, \u00e7ocu\u011fun yarar\u0131na \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131nmas\u0131 gereklidir. \u00c7ocu\u011fun yarar\u0131 ise; \u00e7ocu\u011fun bedensel, fikri ve ahlaki bak\u0131mdan en iyi \u015fekilde geli\u015febilmesi ve b\u00f6yle bir geli\u015fmenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in, \u00e7ocu\u011fa sosyal, ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ko\u015fullar\u0131n sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7ocu\u011fun bu konulardaki \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131n\u0131 belirlerken; \u00e7ocuk yeti\u015fkin biri olmu\u015f olsayd\u0131, kendisini ilgilendiren bir olayda, kendi yarar\u0131 i\u00e7in ne gibi bir karar verebilecekti ise, \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in karar verme makam\u0131ndaki ki\u015finin de ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde karar vermesi gerekir; yani \u00e7ocu\u011fun farazi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi esas al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Velayet kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkin olup, re\u2019sen ara\u015ft\u0131rma ilkesi ge\u00e7erlidir. Bu nedenle yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda meydana gelen geli\u015fmelerin bile g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 12. maddesi ile \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131n\u0131n Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 3 ve 6. maddeleri, \u0130\u00e7 hukuk taraf\u0131ndan yeterli idrake sahip oldu\u011fu kabul edilen \u00e7ocuklara, kendilerini ilgilendiren davalarda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini ifade etmeye olanak tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine gereken \u00f6nemin verilmesi gerekti\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131 gerektirdi\u011fi takdirde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin aksine karar verilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Velayet hususu, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ilgilendiren konular\u0131n en ba\u015f\u0131nda gelir.<\/p>\n
Ya\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle idrak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda bulunan ortak \u00e7ocuk 17.03.2006 do\u011fumlu Berna’n\u0131n velayet tercihini baba y\u00f6n\u00fcnde kullanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen mahkemece; “annenin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn geli\u015fiminin sa\u011flanabilece\u011fi ve devam ettirilebilece\u011fi bir ortam olu\u015fturdu\u011fu, \u00e7ocu\u011fun do\u011fumundan itibaren yan\u0131nda bulunan, bak\u0131m ve g\u00f6zetimi ile ilgili olarak maddi ve duygusal gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan daval\u0131 anne ile \u00e7ocuk aras\u0131nda kuvvetli bir ba\u011f olu\u015ftu\u011fu, istinabe suretiyle ald\u0131r\u0131lan raporlarda \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayetinin anneye verilmesinin uygun oldu\u011fu \u015feklinde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f belirtildi\u011fi, \u00e7ocu\u011fun ana bak\u0131m vc \u015fefkatine muhta\u00e7 oldu\u011fu ve ortak \u00e7ocu\u011fun ya\u015f itibari ile idrak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda say\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131” gerek\u00e7esiyle velayeti daval\u0131 anneye b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan soru\u015fturma ve toplanan delillerden; ortak \u00e7ocu\u011fun hakim taraf\u0131ndan bizzat dinlendi\u011fi 01.07.2015 tarihinde velayet konusunda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini a\u00e7\u0131klama olgunlu\u011funa eri\u015fti\u011fi ve tercihini baba yan\u0131nda kalmak \u015feklinde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131, al\u0131nan 31.07.2015 tarihli uzman raporuna g\u00f6re baban\u0131n velayet g\u00f6revini yerine getirebilecek \u015fartlara sahip oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmakta olup, \u00e7ocu\u011fun anne ve baba yan\u0131ndaki bar\u0131nma ve ya\u015fama ko\u015fullar\u0131 da de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde velayetinin davac\u0131 babaya b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131na olaca\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, ortak \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayetinin babaya verilmesine karar vermek gerekirken, yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 do\u011fru olmay\u0131p, bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(30)<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu da 27.06.2018 tarih ve 2017\/ 2-3117 Esas, 2018\/1278 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda \u201c\u2026\u2026\u2026dava tarihinde sekiz, karar tarihinde on, bozma tarihinde on iki ya\u015f\u0131ndaki\u201d \u00e7ocu\u011fun, davan\u0131n t\u00fcm a\u015famalar\u0131nda idrak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011funu ifade etmi\u015ftir. Yarg\u0131tay, sekiz ya\u015f\u0131ndaki ortak \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayetinin davac\u0131 anne ve daval\u0131 babadan kald\u0131r\u0131larak, vasi tayini y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ihbarda bulunulan davada da, \u00e7ocu\u011fun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne ba\u015fvurulmadan verilen karar\u0131, bu y\u00f6nden bozmu\u015ftur. Yarg\u0131tay, yak\u0131n zamana kadar dokuz ve \u00fczeri ya\u015flardaki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n idrak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011funu, sekiz ya\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ise idrak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmi\u015fken yeni tarihli kararlar\u0131nda bu ya\u015f\u0131n sekiz oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bu kararlardan yola \u00e7\u0131karak; \u015fu anda Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n velayet incelemesine tabi \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n, sekiz ya\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren idrak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kabul etti\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebiliriz\u2026\u201d(31)<\/p>\n
– Bo\u015fanma sebeplerinden olan kusurlu davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ancak ve ancak \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmas\u0131 halinde dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u20262- Velayet d\u00fczenlemesi yap\u0131l\u0131rken; g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulmas\u0131 gereken temel ilke, “\u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131” ( BM \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131na Dair S\u00f6zle\u015fme m. 3; \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131n\u0131n Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi m. l; TMK m. 339\/1. 343\/1, 346\/1; \u00c7ocuk Koruma Kanunu m. 4\/b) d\u0131r. \u00c7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131n\u0131 belirlerken: onun bedensel, zihinsel, ruhsal, ahlaki ve toplumsal geli\u015fiminin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 amac\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zetilmesi gereklidir. Ana ve baban\u0131n yararlar\u0131; bo\u015fanmadaki kusurlar\u0131, ahlaki de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131, sosyal konumlar\u0131 gibi durumlar\u0131, \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131n\u0131 etkilemedi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulur. M\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocuk … 21.12.2011 do\u011fumludur. \u00c7ocu\u011fun ya\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde anne sevgi, \u015fefkat ve ilgisine muhta\u00e7 \u00e7a\u011fda oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Davadan \u00f6nce ve dava esnas\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli anne yan\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f olup annenin velayet g\u00f6revini ihmal etti\u011fi veya k\u00f6t\u00fcye kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir tespit bulunmamaktad\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda; m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun velayet d\u00fczenlemesi konusundaki \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131n\u0131n, velayetinin anneye b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Durum b\u00f6yleyken, mahkemece \u00e7ocu\u011fun ge\u00e7erli \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve uzman raporunda da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn velayetinin anneye verilmesi gerekti\u011fi belirtildi\u011fi halde, yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde velayetinin daval\u0131 babaya b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 isabetsiz olmu\u015f ve bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(32)<\/p>\n
– Velayet ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip e\u015fe verilemez. <\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Ana ve baba evli de\u011filse velayet anaya aittir.( TMK. md. 337\/1 )<\/p>\n
K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck L.’nin velisi olan anne S. \u00d6. ak\u0131l hastas\u0131 olup velayet hakk\u0131 12.04.2005 g\u00fcn\u00fc kesinle\u015fen kararla (Divri\u011fi Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi 2002\/18 esas) kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu konu bekletici mesele yap\u0131l\u0131p taraf delilleri toplan\u0131p sonucu uyar\u0131nca karar verilmesi gerekirken eksik inceleme ile yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(33)<\/p>\n
– Velayet hususu, uzman raporu al\u0131nmadan kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. .<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026O halde; velayet konusunda idrak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda bulunan ortak \u00e7ocuk … ‘\u0131n e\u011fitim, k\u00fclt\u00fcr, ya\u015fam olanaklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan nerede ya\u015famak istedi\u011fi konusunda bilgilendirilerek velayet hakk\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn sorulmas\u0131 ve 4787 say\u0131l\u0131 Aile Mahkemelerinin Kurulu\u015f, G\u00f6rev ve Yarg\u0131lama Usullerine Dair Kanun’un 5. maddesi gere\u011fince aile mahkemesi b\u00fcnyesinde bulunan psikolog, pedagog ve sosyal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmac\u0131dan olu\u015fan uzmanlardan, her iki ebeveyn ve \u00e7ocukla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek suretiyle inceleme ve rapor istenip taraflar\u0131n bar\u0131nma, gelir, sosyal ve psikolojik durumlar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7ocu\u011fun sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in velayeti \u00fcstlenmeye engel bir durumun bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fan\u0131lan ortam\u0131nda da inceleme yapmak sureti ile ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve di\u011fer deliller de g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nmak suretiyle ebeveynlerinden hangisi yan\u0131nda kalmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fun menfaatine olaca\u011f\u0131 tespit edilerek t\u00fcm deliller birlikte de\u011ferlendirilip velayet konusunda bir karar verilmesi gerekirken eksik inceleme ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmayla yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 usul ve kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d(34)<\/p>\n
Velayet konusu son derece incelikli olup \u00e7ok ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde incelenmeyi gerektirmektedir. Elbette ki b\u00f6yle bir konunun bu kadar k\u0131sa bir yaz\u0131 ile tamamen a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamakta olup \u00f6nemli k\u0131s\u0131mlar ile k\u0131saca a\u00e7\u0131klanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu konu son derece geni\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlarda incelenen bir konu olmas\u0131 ve somut olaya g\u00f6re \u00e7ok fazla de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6stermesi sebebiyle uzman bir bo\u015fanma avukat\u0131 olmadan dava a\u00e7\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Hatta s\u00fcrece ba\u015flamadan bir avukata dan\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir ki s\u00fcre\u00e7 hata yap\u0131lmadan tamamlanabilsin.<\/p>\n
KAYNAK\u00c7A:<\/p>\n
(1) GEN\u00c7CAN, \u00d6mer U\u011fur, Velayet Hukuku, Ankara 2023, Yetkin yay\u0131nlar\u0131, syf-113.<\/p>\n
(2) Birinci Uzun, Hacettepe HFD, 6(1) 2016, 135\u2013166<\/p>\n
(3) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD, 2010\/10784 E. 2011\/1432 K. 27.11.2011 T.<\/p>\n
(4) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD, 2015\/25040 E. 2016\/1042 K. 20.1.2016 T.<\/p>\n
(5) Yarg\u0131tay 20. HD, 2016\/9623 E. 2016\/9431 K. 24.10.2016 T.<\/p>\n
(6) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2016\/10716 E. 2016\/11271 K. 8.6.2016 T.<\/p>\n
(7) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD, 10.12.2007, 3339-17113.<\/p>\n
(8) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2007\/5526 E. 2008\/2943 K. 6.3.2008 T.<\/p>\n
(9) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2015\/26724 E. 2016\/1488 K. 1.2.2016 T.<\/p>\n
(10) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2013\/20336 E. 2014\/2706 K. 13.2.2014 T.<\/p>\n
(11) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 28.1.2008, 3950-549<\/p>\n
(12) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2019\/5047 E. 2019\/12018 K. 9.12.2019 T.<\/p>\n
(13) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2021\/3967 E. 2021\/5195 K. 23.6.2021 T.<\/p>\n
(14) Yarg\u0131tay 2.HD. 6.3.2008, 5526-2943<\/p>\n
(15) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 12.7.2005, 8769-11125<\/p>\n
(16) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2015\/17872 E. 2015\/18864 K. 20.10.2015 T.<\/p>\n
(17) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2013\/7123 E. 2013\/26501 K. 14.11.2013 T.<\/p>\n
(18) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2011\/2955 E. 2012\/533 K. 7.1.2012 T.<\/p>\n
(19) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 11.6.2002, 4367-7923<\/p>\n
(20) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2013\/25123 E. 2014\/9293 K. 17.4.2014 T.<\/p>\n
(21) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2016\/22980 E. 2016\/15973 K. 14.2.2016 T.<\/p>\n
(22) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2019\/906 E. 2019\/1745 K. 27.2.2019 T.<\/p>\n
(23) YHGK. 2017\/1567 E. 2018\/1132 K. 23.05.2018 T.<\/p>\n
(24) Yarg\u0131tay 2.HD. 2016\/4036 E. 2016\/5518 K. 21.3.2016 T.<\/p>\n
(25) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2020\/581 E. 2020\/2382 K. 1.6.2020 T.<\/p>\n
(26) YGHK. 2013\/1926 E. 2015\/1139 K. 1.4.2015 T.<\/p>\n
(27) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 4.3.2002, 2252-2783<\/p>\n
(28) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 6.12.2004, 13321-14573<\/p>\n
(29) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2016\/24042 E. 2018\/10581 K. 3.10.2018 T.<\/p>\n
(30) Yarg\u0131tay 2.HD. 2015\/25768 E.2017\/4203 K. 11.4.2017 T.<\/p>\n
(31) Yarg\u0131tay Kararlar\u0131 I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Velayet Davalar\u0131 Ve Velayet Davalar\u0131nda \u00c7ocu\u011fun G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn Al\u0131nmas\u0131, Cavide DEVEL\u0130 G\u00dcRAN\u0130, Y\u00d6K Ulusal Tez Merkezi, Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, \u00d6zel Hukuk Anabilim Dal\u0131, syf-61.<\/p>\n
(32) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2016\/4625 E. 2016\/5411 K. 16.3.2016 T.<\/p>\n
(33) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2006\/1384 E. 2006\/1955 K. 20.2.2006 T.<\/p>\n
(34) Yarg\u0131tay 2. HD. 2020\/1715 E. 2020\/2415 K. 1.6.2020 T.\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Velayete ili\u015fkin i\u00e7tihatlardan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere velayet konusu \u00e7ok dar s\u0131n\u0131rlar ile i\u015flenmemektedir. Kararlar somut olaya g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6stermekte olup velayet, olduk\u00e7a canl\u0131 ve s\u00fcrekli takip edilmesi gereken kararlar\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir konudur. Velayet kavram\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ncelikle tan\u0131mlamak gerekmektedir. Velayet k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerin ve baz\u0131 durumlarda k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n gerek ki\u015filiklerinin gerek mallar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131, bak\u0131m\u0131, e\u011fitimi ve onlar\u0131n temsili konusunda kanunun ana babaya y\u00fckledi\u011fi y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler ile bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin gere\u011fi olan haklar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ifade eder(1). Bir ba\u015fka tan\u0131m da \u015fu \u015fekildedir. Vel\u00e2yet; k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerin ve istisna\u00ee olarak k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 ergin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, korunmas\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6nlerden yeti\u015ftirilmesini sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla, ana baban\u0131n, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ki\u015filiklerinin ve mallar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131yla, onlar\u0131n temsili konusunda sahip olduklar\u0131 hak, yetki ve \u00f6devler olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r(2). Velayet e\u015flerin ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bo\u015fanmalar\u0131 ile birlikte tek e\u015fe verilebilece\u011fi gibi ortak velayet kapsam\u0131nda iki e\u015fe birlikte de verilebilmektedir. Velayetin hangi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler kapsam\u0131nda hangi e\u015fe verilece\u011fi hususu yukar\u0131da da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere \u00e7ok dar s\u0131n\u0131rlar kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Velayet \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn menfaatine g\u00f6re kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu menfaat e\u015flerin durumuna bak\u0131larak kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmakta olup bu durum baz\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde tespit edilmektedir. Bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler; e\u015flerin maddi durumu, \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00e7evresi, anne bak\u0131m ve \u015fefkatine muhta\u00e7l\u0131k, \u00e7ocu\u011fun ya\u015f\u0131, e\u015flerin ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olup olmamas\u0131, \u00e7ocu\u011fun sa\u011fl\u0131k durumu ve benzeri \u00f6zel durumlar\u0131, \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in sa\u011flanacak maddi-manevi ko\u015fullar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc, \u015fahsen bakabilme olanaklar\u0131, …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-93869","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n