I. \u0130\u015e S\u00d6ZLE\u015eMES\u0130 <\/p>\n
A. \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin Tan\u0131m\u0131 <\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi; i\u015f\u00e7i ile i\u015fveren aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir \u00d6zel Hukuk s\u00f6zle\u015fmesidir. \u0130\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile i\u015f\u00e7i, i\u015fverenin emir ve talimatlar\u0131 alt\u0131nda i\u015f g\u00f6rme, i\u015fveren de yap\u0131lan i\u015f kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00fccret \u00f6deme borcunu \u00fcstlenmektedir.<\/p>\n
B. \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin Unsurlar\u0131<\/p>\n
Tan\u0131m\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin unsurlar\u0131; i\u015f g\u00f6rme, \u00fccret ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k; i\u015f g\u00f6rme borcunun, i\u015fverenin emir ve talimatlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda ve i\u015fin gerekliliklerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra i\u015fverenin istek ve beklentilerinin de dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 suretiyle yerine getirilmesi anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Elbette i\u015f g\u00f6rme borcunun tespiti, her somut olayda de\u011fi\u015fmekte ve borcun kapsam\u0131 ile emir ve talimatlara uygun davranman\u0131n boyutu farkl\u0131 olabilmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin; i\u015f yerinde temizlik i\u015f\u00e7isi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir kimse, temizli\u011fi i\u015fverenin istedi\u011fi \u015fekilde veya istedi\u011fi yerden ba\u015flayarak yapmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ancak bir ya\u015fl\u0131ya bakmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fccret \u00f6denmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan kimse, emir ve talimatlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda kendi mesleki bilgisini de kullanmak durumundad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 husus, \u00e7ocuk bak\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli olmaktad\u0131r. Ancak bu noktada verilen emir ve talimat\u0131n, su\u00e7 te\u015fkil etmemesi ve hukuka uygun olmas\u0131 aranmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
C. \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin Hukuki Niteli\u011fi<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi; ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir. S\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin ortak temel \u00f6zelli\u011fi ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri, tek tarafl\u0131 hukuki i\u015flemlerden ay\u0131ran unsuru, yap\u0131lan hukuki i\u015flemin iki tarafl\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ki tarafl\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken, s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin iki taraf\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 irade beyanlar\u0131yla kuruluyor olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ifade, s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin t\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini korumaktad\u0131r. Ancak bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi olmas\u0131nda aranan di\u011fer unsur, yap\u0131lan s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 iki tarafa bor\u00e7 y\u00fckl\u00fcyor olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu sebeple de i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, s\u00f6zle\u015fme t\u00fcrleri aras\u0131nda iki tarafa bor\u00e7 y\u00fckleyen bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme t\u00fcr\u00fc olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmakta ve ayn\u0131 zamanda tam iki tarafa bor\u00e7 y\u00fcklemektedir. T\u00fcm bu say\u0131lanlar gerekli ise de, yeterli olmamaktad\u0131r. Zira i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin tam iki tarafa bor\u00e7 y\u00fckleyen di\u011fer s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerden ay\u0131rt edilebilmesi i\u00e7in i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin \u00f6zel unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n da bulunmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bunlardan ilk ikisi, i\u015f\u00e7i y\u00f6n\u00fcnden i\u015f g\u00f6rme borcu, i\u015fveren y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u00fccret \u00f6deme borcu olup; bu bor\u00e7lar, ayn\u0131 zamanda s\u00f6zle\u015fmede bor\u00e7lu olan\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan talep etme yetkisi veren haklar olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle; i\u015fveren i\u00e7in \u00fccret \u00f6deme borcu, i\u015f\u00e7i i\u00e7in i\u015f\u00e7ilik alacaklar\u0131 aras\u0131ndan \u00fccret alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Benzer \u015fekilde i\u015f\u00e7iye \u00f6denen \u00fccret kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u015fverenin de, kendisinin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi veya i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 olan i\u015fin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, verilen i\u015fin tamamlanarak teslim edilmesini veya edimin kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan zamanda, yerde, \u015fekilde ifas\u0131n\u0131 isteme hakk\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Elbette t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bu borcun, i\u015fverene ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve i\u015fverenin emir ve talimatlar\u0131na uygun davran\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle ifas\u0131 da gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
D. \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin \u015eekli<\/p>\n
Kural olarak i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin \u00f6zel bir \u015fekli bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu sebeple taraflarca, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin istenilen \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ancak s\u00fcresi, bir y\u0131l ve daha fazla olan s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunluluk arz etmektedir. Bu \u015fekil \u015fart\u0131, ispat \u015fart\u0131 olmay\u0131p ge\u00e7erlilik \u015fart\u0131 olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u015fekle uyulmamas\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ise, mutlak butlanla bat\u0131l olmad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
II. \u0130\u015e S\u00d6ZLE\u015eMES\u0130NDE S\u00dcREKL\u0130 \u0130\u015e \u2013 S\u00dcREKS\u0130Z \u0130\u015e AYRIMI <\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi konusu incelenirken kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan ayr\u0131mlardan biri, s\u00fcrekli i\u015f – s\u00fcreksiz i\u015f ayr\u0131m\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. Bir i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine konu olan i\u015fin, s\u00fcrekli i\u015f mi yoksa s\u00fcreksiz i\u015f mi oldu\u011fu, taraflarca belirlenen bir durum olmay\u0131p, do\u011frudan kanun koyucu taraf\u0131ndan yasal d\u00fczenlemeyle belirlenmektedir. Bu do\u011frultuda nitelikleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan en \u00e7ok otuz i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00fcren i\u015flere s\u00fcreksiz i\u015f, bundan fazla devam edenlere s\u00fcrekli i\u015f denilmektedir. S\u00fcrekli i\u015f \u2013 s\u00fcreksiz i\u015f ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemi; kendisini, her iki i\u015f t\u00fcr\u00fcne uygulanmas\u0131 gereken yasal mevzuat h\u00fck\u00fcmlerindeki farkl\u0131l\u0131klarda g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n
III. \u0130\u015e S\u00d6ZLE\u015eMES\u0130 T\u00dcRLER\u0130 <\/p>\n
A. Genel Kural <\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin t\u00fcrleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kanunda tahdidi bir say\u0131m bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda taraflarca yasal s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara uygun olmas\u0131 kayd\u0131yla, bir i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin ihtiyaca uygun t\u00fcrde d\u00fczenlenmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktad\u0131r. Yasal s\u0131n\u0131rlamalardan kas\u0131t ise; hukukun genel prensipleri, 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu m. 27 h\u00fckm\u00fcyle d\u00fczenlenen kesin h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fck halleri ile mahiyetine uygun d\u00fc\u015fen sair genel ve \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmlerdir. \u00d6rne\u011fin; i\u015f\u00e7i ile i\u015fveren aras\u0131nda, i\u015fverenin her sinirlendi\u011finde i\u015f\u00e7iyi d\u00f6vebilmesi \u015feklinde bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamaktad\u0131r. Zira bu halde s\u00f6zle\u015fme, i\u015f\u00e7inin ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etmekte ve hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil etmektedir. Benzer \u015fekilde uyu\u015fturucu madde ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 olanaks\u0131z bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu halde, kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan edim konusu su\u00e7 te\u015fkil etti\u011finden s\u00f6zle\u015fme, en ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren kesin olarak ge\u00e7ersizlik yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na tabi tutulmaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda say\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan bir di\u011fer s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 hal, bir y\u0131l ve daha uzun s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereklili\u011fidir.<\/p>\n
B. 4857 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nda Say\u0131lanlar <\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri; s\u00fcre bak\u0131m\u0131ndan belirli veya belirsiz s\u00fcreli olarak yap\u0131labilmekte ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bi\u00e7imleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan tam s\u00fcreli, k\u0131sm\u00ee s\u00fcreli, deneme s\u00fcreli veya di\u011fer t\u00fcrde olu\u015fturulabilmektedir.<\/p>\n
1. Belirli S\u00fcreli ve Belirsiz S\u00fcreli \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/p>\n
a. Belirli S\u00fcreli \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin, i\u015f\u00e7i ile i\u015fveren aras\u0131nda, belirli s\u00fcreli i\u015flerde veya belli bir i\u015fin tamamlanmas\u0131 ya da belirli bir olgunun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 gibi objektif ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda, belirli bir s\u00fcreye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda; bu s\u00f6zle\u015fme, belirli s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi olmaktad\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin belirli s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi say\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in gereken objektif ko\u015fullar, tahdidi olmay\u0131p tadadi say\u0131m olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bu sebeple belirli s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin, say\u0131lan objektif ko\u015fullara uygun di\u011fer durumlarda da yap\u0131labilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmakta ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ile i\u015fin mahiyeti gere\u011fi taraflarca belirli bir s\u00fcrenin kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. S\u00fcrenin g\u00fcn, ay ve y\u0131l \u015feklinde kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra i\u015fin bitimi \u015feklinde de kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin; bir m\u00fcteahhit ile birden fazla say\u0131da i\u015f\u00e7i aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ve her blokta \u00e7ift apartman\u0131n, her apartmanda yirmi kat\u0131n, her katta d\u00f6rt dairenin oldu\u011fu sekiz bloktan olu\u015fan bir sitenin in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri, mahiyeti gere\u011fi belirli s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Belirli s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin, birden \u00e7ok kez \u00fcst \u00fcste ve zincirleme \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ise de; ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in zincirleme i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin, esasl\u0131 nedene dayal\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bu halde i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, belirli s\u00fcreli olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini korumaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
b. Belirsiz S\u00fcreli \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/p>\n
Belirsiz s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za iki \u015fekilde \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bunlardan ilki, i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin bir s\u00fcreye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 halidir ki; taraflar aras\u0131ndaki i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin bir s\u00fcreye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda bu s\u00f6zle\u015fme, belirsiz s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin; i\u015f\u00e7i ile i\u015fveren aras\u0131nda, i\u015f\u00e7inin, i\u015fverene ait spor giyim sat\u0131lan i\u015f yerinde kasiyerlik yapmas\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00f6zle\u015fme imzalanmas\u0131 halinde, taraflar aras\u0131nda belirsiz s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kurulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bir di\u011feri ise; i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin, belirli s\u00fcreli olarak yap\u0131lmak istenmesine ra\u011fmen belirli s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmamas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin; belirli s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin, esasl\u0131 bir neden olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, birden fazla \u00fcst \u00fcste (zincirleme) yap\u0131lamamas\u0131 gerekirken, aksinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan itibaren belirsiz s\u00fcreli kabul edilmektedir. Bu husus, yaln\u0131zca belirli s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin zincirleme \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda de\u011fil, ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bir defaya mahsus olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde de ge\u00e7erli olmakta ve yap\u0131lan s\u00f6zle\u015fme, yine belirsiz s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2. K\u0131sm\u00ee S\u00fcreli ve Tam S\u00fcreli \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/p>\n
a. K\u0131sm\u00ee S\u00fcreli \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/p>\n
K\u0131sm\u00ee s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi; i\u015f\u00e7inin normal haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinin, tam s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan emsal i\u015f\u00e7iye g\u00f6re \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha az belirlenmesi durumunda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bir \u00f6\u011frencinin haftan\u0131n be\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc, okul \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda, saat 17.00-22.00 saatleri aras\u0131 bir kafeteryada garson olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 buna \u00f6rnek olup; part time \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olarak bilinen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, k\u0131sm\u00ee s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kapsam\u0131na girmektedir.<\/p>\n
b. Tam S\u00fcreli \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/p>\n
Tam s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in kanunda yap\u0131lan herhangi bir tan\u0131mlama bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu sebeple haftal\u0131k k\u0131rk be\u015f saatlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinin belirlendi\u011fi veya belirlenen s\u00fcrenin bu s\u00fcreden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde az oldu\u011fu ve yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi civar\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu hallerde, taraflar aras\u0131nda tam s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kurulmu\u015f olmaktad\u0131r. Zira bir i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin tam s\u00fcreli yerine k\u0131sm\u00ee s\u00fcreli oldu\u011funun kabul\u00fc i\u00e7in esas al\u0131nan ortalama s\u00fcre, haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalma olmas\u0131 halinde; i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, k\u0131sm\u00ee s\u00fcreli, aksi halde (\u00f6rne\u011fin, haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi olarak 45 saatin yerine 40 saatlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda) tam s\u00fcreli kabul edilmektedir.<\/p>\n
3. \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 \u00dczerine \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmaya ve Uzaktan \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmaya Dayal\u0131 \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/p>\n
a. \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 \u00dczerine \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmaya Dayal\u0131 \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi <\/p>\n
Taraflar aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan yaz\u0131l\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile, i\u015f g\u00f6rme ediminin, i\u015f\u00e7inin yapmay\u0131 \u00fcstlendi\u011fi i\u015fle ilgili olarak kendisine ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmas\u0131 halinde yerine getirilmesinin kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 hallerde, bu i\u015f ili\u015fkisi, \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya dayal\u0131 k\u0131sm\u00ee s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi olmaktad\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere; bu hallerde i\u015f\u00e7i tam s\u00fcreli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamakta, yaln\u0131zca \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta ve bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, k\u0131sm\u00ee s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kapsam\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nda da bu y\u00f6nde h\u00fckme yer verilmekte ve taraflarca, i\u015f\u00e7inin, hafta, ay veya y\u0131l gibi bir zaman dilimi i\u00e7inde ne kadar s\u00fcreyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmemesi halinde, haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinin yirmi saat kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmede g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinin kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 halinde, i\u015fverenin her \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da i\u015f\u00e7iyi g\u00fcnde en az d\u00f6rt saat \u00fcst \u00fcste \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak zorunda oldu\u011fu d\u00fczenlenmektedir. \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmak i\u00e7in belirlenen s\u00fcrede, i\u015f\u00e7i, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ls\u0131n veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n \u00fccrete hak kazanmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>\n
b. Uzaktan \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmaya Dayal\u0131 \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/p>\n
Uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma; geli\u015fen teknoloji ve internet sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 sonucunda \u00f6zellikle birden \u00e7ok il, il\u00e7e veya \u00fclkede sat\u0131\u015f ya da hizmet ifas\u0131nda bulunan i\u015f yerleri veya \u015firketlerde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Elbette uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayla tan\u0131\u015fmada ve tan\u0131\u015fan sekt\u00f6rler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan say\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131nda pandemi s\u00fcrecinin de b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisi bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin; m\u00fc\u015fteri hizmetleri olarak da bilinen \u00e7o\u011fu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 merkezinde, telefonlar\u0131 cevaplayan ki\u015finin uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Bu kapsamda uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya dayal\u0131 i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi; i\u015f\u00e7inin, i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan i\u015f organizasyonu kapsam\u0131nda i\u015f g\u00f6rme edimini evinde ya da teknolojik ileti\u015fim ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ile i\u015f yeri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yerine getirmesi esas\u0131na dayal\u0131 ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak kurulan i\u015f ili\u015fkisi olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin; bir bilgisayar teknisyeninin, i\u015f g\u00f6rme borcunu uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015feklinde yerine getirmesinin kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmakta ve bir sistemsel ar\u0131za veya teknik sorun halinde, uzaktan ba\u011flant\u0131 kurarak sorunu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4. Deneme S\u00fcreli \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/p>\n
Deneme s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi; taraflarca, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine en ba\u015f\u0131ndan bir deneme kayd\u0131 konulmas\u0131 suretiyle i\u015f ili\u015fkisine uyum sa\u011flan\u0131p sa\u011flanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrecinde ilerleme olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin devam ettirilmek istenip istenmedi\u011finin belirlenen s\u00fcre\u00e7te g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lan s\u00f6zle\u015fme t\u00fcr\u00fc olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bu sebeple taraflarca deneme s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin bildirim s\u00fcresine gerek olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ve tazminats\u0131z olarak feshedebilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ancak i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnler i\u00e7in \u00fccret ve di\u011fer haklar\u0131 sakl\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. Taraflarca i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine bir deneme kayd\u0131 konuldu\u011funda, bunun s\u00fcresi en \u00e7ok iki ay olabilmekte; ancak deneme s\u00fcresi, toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleriyle d\u00f6rt aya kadar uzat\u0131labilmektedir.<\/p>\n
5. Tak\u0131m S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile Olu\u015fturulan \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri<\/p>\n
Tak\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi; birden \u00e7ok i\u015f\u00e7inin meydana getirdi\u011fi bir tak\u0131m\u0131 temsilen bu i\u015f\u00e7ilerden birinin, tak\u0131m k\u0131lavuzu s\u0131fat\u0131yla i\u015fverenle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Tak\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde isimleri yaz\u0131l\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerden her birinin i\u015fe ba\u015flamas\u0131yla, o i\u015f\u00e7i ile i\u015fveren aras\u0131nda tak\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde belirlenen \u015fartlarla bir i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Tak\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin, olu\u015fturulacak i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri i\u00e7in hangi s\u00fcre kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olursa olsun, yaz\u0131l\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmede her i\u015f\u00e7inin kimli\u011fi ile alaca\u011f\u0131 \u00fccretin ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
IV. 1 MAYIS EMEK VE DAYANI\u015eMA G\u00dcN\u00dc KUTLAMAMIZ VE EMEK\u00c7\u0130LER\u0130M\u0130ZE SESLEN\u0130\u015e\u0130M\u0130Z<\/p>\n
1 May\u0131s Emek ve Dayan\u0131\u015fma G\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn anlam ve \u00f6nemine binaen i\u015f\u00e7i ve i\u015fveren ili\u015fkisini konu alan i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile t\u00fcrlerini incelemeyi uygun buldu\u011fumuz bu \u00f6zel g\u00fcnde; \u00f6ncelikle m\u00fccadelenin ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6nemini ve k\u0131ymetini yak\u0131ndan bildi\u011fimizi ve tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 belirtmek ve eme\u011fin, al\u0131n terinin, m\u00fccadelenin de\u011ferinin ve k\u0131ymetinin paha bi\u00e7ilemez oldu\u011funun bilinciyle hareket etti\u011fimizi ifade etmek istiyoruz. Bu vesileyle beden ve\/veya beyin g\u00fcc\u00fc ile hareket eden ve eme\u011fiyle, al\u0131n teriyle, \u00f6zverisiyle, \u00fcst\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla i\u015f ya\u015fam\u0131na ve ticari hayata do\u011frudan imzas\u0131n\u0131 atan, katk\u0131lar sunan ve ortaya, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc eserler ile i\u015fler \u00e7\u0131kartan t\u00fcm i\u015f\u00e7ilerimizin ve emek\u00e7ilerimizin, 1 May\u0131s \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Bayram\u0131\u2019n\u0131 y\u00fcrekten kutluyor ve bug\u00fcne \u00f6zel yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, i\u015f hayat\u0131nda eme\u011fi ge\u00e7en, bireysel, toplumsal ve \u00fclkesel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya katk\u0131s\u0131 bulunan ve harikalar yaratan t\u00fcm de\u011ferlerimize arma\u011fan ediyoruz.<\/p>\n
1 MAYIS \u0130\u015e\u00c7\u0130 BAYRAMIMIZ KUTLU OLSUN..<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
(\u0130\u015eBU YAZI; 1 MAYIS \u0130\u015e\u00c7\u0130 BAYRAMI\u2019NA \u00d6ZEL KALEME ALINAN HUKUK\u0130 MET\u0130N OLUP;<\/p>\n
T\u00dcM EMEK\u00c7\u0130LER\u0130M\u0130ZE VE DE\u011eERLER\u0130M\u0130ZE ARMA\u011eAN ED\u0130LMEKTED\u0130R.)<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Av. Arb. Ay\u015fen G\u00dcZEL<\/p>\n
\u200bI. \u0130\u015e S\u00d6ZLE\u015eMES\u0130 <\/p>\n
A. \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin Tan\u0131m\u0131 <\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi; i\u015f\u00e7i ile i\u015fveren aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir \u00d6zel Hukuk s\u00f6zle\u015fmesidir. \u0130\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile i\u015f\u00e7i, i\u015fverenin emir ve talimatlar\u0131 alt\u0131nda i\u015f g\u00f6rme, i\u015fveren de yap\u0131lan i\u015f kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00fccret \u00f6deme borcunu \u00fcstlenmektedir.<\/p>\n
B. \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin Unsurlar\u0131<\/p>\n
Tan\u0131m\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin unsurlar\u0131; i\u015f g\u00f6rme, \u00fccret ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k; i\u015f g\u00f6rme borcunun, i\u015fverenin emir ve talimatlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda ve i\u015fin gerekliliklerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra i\u015fverenin istek ve beklentilerinin de dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 suretiyle yerine getirilmesi anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Elbette i\u015f g\u00f6rme borcunun tespiti, her somut olayda de\u011fi\u015fmekte ve borcun kapsam\u0131 ile emir ve talimatlara uygun davranman\u0131n boyutu farkl\u0131 olabilmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin; i\u015f yerinde temizlik i\u015f\u00e7isi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir kimse, temizli\u011fi i\u015fverenin istedi\u011fi \u015fekilde veya istedi\u011fi yerden ba\u015flayarak yapmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ancak bir ya\u015fl\u0131ya bakmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fccret \u00f6denmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan kimse, emir ve talimatlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda kendi mesleki bilgisini de kullanmak durumundad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 husus, \u00e7ocuk bak\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli olmaktad\u0131r. Ancak bu noktada verilen emir ve talimat\u0131n, su\u00e7 te\u015fkil etmemesi ve hukuka uygun olmas\u0131 aranmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
C. \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin Hukuki Niteli\u011fi<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi; ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir. S\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin ortak temel \u00f6zelli\u011fi ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri, tek tarafl\u0131 hukuki i\u015flemlerden ay\u0131ran unsuru, yap\u0131lan hukuki i\u015flemin iki tarafl\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ki tarafl\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken, s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin iki taraf\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 irade beyanlar\u0131yla kuruluyor olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ifade, s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin t\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini korumaktad\u0131r. Ancak bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi olmas\u0131nda aranan di\u011fer unsur, yap\u0131lan s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 iki tarafa bor\u00e7 y\u00fckl\u00fcyor olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu sebeple de i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, s\u00f6zle\u015fme t\u00fcrleri aras\u0131nda iki tarafa bor\u00e7 y\u00fckleyen bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme t\u00fcr\u00fc olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmakta ve ayn\u0131 zamanda tam iki tarafa bor\u00e7 y\u00fcklemektedir. T\u00fcm bu say\u0131lanlar gerekli ise de, yeterli olmamaktad\u0131r. Zira i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin tam iki tarafa bor\u00e7 y\u00fckleyen di\u011fer s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerden ay\u0131rt edilebilmesi i\u00e7in i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin \u00f6zel unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n da bulunmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bunlardan ilk ikisi, i\u015f\u00e7i y\u00f6n\u00fcnden i\u015f g\u00f6rme borcu, i\u015fveren y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u00fccret \u00f6deme borcu olup; bu bor\u00e7lar, ayn\u0131 zamanda s\u00f6zle\u015fmede bor\u00e7lu olan\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan talep etme yetkisi veren haklar olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle; i\u015fveren i\u00e7in \u00fccret \u00f6deme borcu, i\u015f\u00e7i i\u00e7in i\u015f\u00e7ilik alacaklar\u0131 aras\u0131ndan \u00fccret alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Benzer \u015fekilde i\u015f\u00e7iye \u00f6denen \u00fccret kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u015fverenin de, kendisinin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi veya i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 olan i\u015fin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, verilen i\u015fin tamamlanarak teslim edilmesini veya edimin kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan zamanda, yerde, \u015fekilde ifas\u0131n\u0131 isteme hakk\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Elbette t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bu borcun, i\u015fverene ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve i\u015fverenin emir ve talimatlar\u0131na uygun davran\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle ifas\u0131 da gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
D. \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin \u015eekli<\/p>\n
Kural olarak i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin \u00f6zel bir \u015fekli bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu sebeple taraflarca, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin istenilen \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ancak s\u00fcresi, bir y\u0131l ve daha fazla olan s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunluluk arz etmektedir. Bu \u015fekil \u015fart\u0131, ispat \u015fart\u0131 olmay\u0131p ge\u00e7erlilik \u015fart\u0131 olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u015fekle uyulmamas\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ise, mutlak butlanla bat\u0131l olmad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
II. \u0130\u015e S\u00d6ZLE\u015eMES\u0130NDE S\u00dcREKL\u0130 \u0130\u015e \u2013 S\u00dcREKS\u0130Z \u0130\u015e AYRIMI <\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi konusu incelenirken kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan ayr\u0131mlardan biri, s\u00fcrekli i\u015f – s\u00fcreksiz i\u015f ayr\u0131m\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. Bir i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine konu olan i\u015fin, s\u00fcrekli i\u015f mi yoksa s\u00fcreksiz i\u015f mi oldu\u011fu, taraflarca belirlenen bir durum olmay\u0131p, do\u011frudan kanun koyucu taraf\u0131ndan yasal d\u00fczenlemeyle belirlenmektedir. Bu do\u011frultuda nitelikleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan en \u00e7ok otuz i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00fcren i\u015flere s\u00fcreksiz i\u015f, bundan fazla devam edenlere s\u00fcrekli i\u015f denilmektedir. S\u00fcrekli i\u015f \u2013 s\u00fcreksiz i\u015f ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemi; kendisini, her iki i\u015f t\u00fcr\u00fcne uygulanmas\u0131 gereken yasal mevzuat h\u00fck\u00fcmlerindeki farkl\u0131l\u0131klarda g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n
III. \u0130\u015e S\u00d6ZLE\u015eMES\u0130 T\u00dcRLER\u0130 <\/p>\n
A. Genel Kural <\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin t\u00fcrleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kanunda tahdidi bir say\u0131m bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda taraflarca yasal s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara uygun olmas\u0131 kayd\u0131yla, bir i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin ihtiyaca uygun t\u00fcrde d\u00fczenlenmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktad\u0131r. Yasal s\u0131n\u0131rlamalardan kas\u0131t ise; hukukun genel prensipleri, 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu m. 27 h\u00fckm\u00fcyle d\u00fczenlenen kesin h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fck halleri ile mahiyetine uygun d\u00fc\u015fen sair genel ve \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmlerdir. \u00d6rne\u011fin; i\u015f\u00e7i ile i\u015fveren aras\u0131nda, i\u015fverenin her sinirlendi\u011finde i\u015f\u00e7iyi d\u00f6vebilmesi \u015feklinde bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamaktad\u0131r. Zira bu halde s\u00f6zle\u015fme, i\u015f\u00e7inin ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etmekte ve hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil etmektedir. Benzer \u015fekilde uyu\u015fturucu madde ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 olanaks\u0131z bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu halde, kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan edim konusu su\u00e7 te\u015fkil etti\u011finden s\u00f6zle\u015fme, en ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren kesin olarak ge\u00e7ersizlik yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na tabi tutulmaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda say\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan bir di\u011fer s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 hal, bir y\u0131l ve daha uzun s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereklili\u011fidir.<\/p>\n
B. 4857 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nda Say\u0131lanlar <\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri; s\u00fcre bak\u0131m\u0131ndan belirli veya belirsiz s\u00fcreli olarak yap\u0131labilmekte ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bi\u00e7imleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan tam s\u00fcreli, k\u0131sm\u00ee s\u00fcreli, deneme s\u00fcreli veya di\u011fer t\u00fcrde olu\u015fturulabilmektedir.<\/p>\n
1. Belirli S\u00fcreli ve Belirsiz S\u00fcreli \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/p>\n
a. Belirli S\u00fcreli \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin, i\u015f\u00e7i ile i\u015fveren aras\u0131nda, belirli s\u00fcreli i\u015flerde veya belli bir i\u015fin tamamlanmas\u0131 ya da belirli bir olgunun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 gibi objektif ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda, belirli bir s\u00fcreye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda; bu s\u00f6zle\u015fme, belirli s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi olmaktad\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin belirli s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi say\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in gereken objektif ko\u015fullar, tahdidi olmay\u0131p tadadi say\u0131m olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bu sebeple belirli s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin, say\u0131lan objektif ko\u015fullara uygun di\u011fer durumlarda da yap\u0131labilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmakta ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ile i\u015fin mahiyeti gere\u011fi taraflarca belirli bir s\u00fcrenin kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. S\u00fcrenin g\u00fcn, ay ve y\u0131l \u015feklinde kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra i\u015fin bitimi \u015feklinde de kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin; bir m\u00fcteahhit ile birden fazla say\u0131da i\u015f\u00e7i aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ve her blokta \u00e7ift apartman\u0131n, her apartmanda yirmi kat\u0131n, her katta d\u00f6rt dairenin oldu\u011fu sekiz bloktan olu\u015fan bir sitenin in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri, mahiyeti gere\u011fi belirli s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Belirli s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin, birden \u00e7ok kez \u00fcst \u00fcste ve zincirleme \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ise de; ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in zincirleme i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin, esasl\u0131 nedene dayal\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bu halde i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, belirli s\u00fcreli olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini korumaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
b. Belirsiz S\u00fcreli \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/p>\n
Belirsiz s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za iki \u015fekilde \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bunlardan ilki, i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin bir s\u00fcreye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 halidir ki; taraflar aras\u0131ndaki i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin bir s\u00fcreye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda bu s\u00f6zle\u015fme, belirsiz s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin; i\u015f\u00e7i ile i\u015fveren aras\u0131nda, i\u015f\u00e7inin, i\u015fverene ait spor giyim sat\u0131lan i\u015f yerinde kasiyerlik yapmas\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00f6zle\u015fme imzalanmas\u0131 halinde, taraflar aras\u0131nda belirsiz s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kurulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bir di\u011feri ise; i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin, belirli s\u00fcreli olarak yap\u0131lmak istenmesine ra\u011fmen belirli s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmamas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin; belirli s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin, esasl\u0131 bir neden olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, birden fazla \u00fcst \u00fcste (zincirleme) yap\u0131lamamas\u0131 gerekirken, aksinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan itibaren belirsiz s\u00fcreli kabul edilmektedir. Bu husus, yaln\u0131zca belirli s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin zincirleme \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda de\u011fil, ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bir defaya mahsus olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde de ge\u00e7erli olmakta ve yap\u0131lan s\u00f6zle\u015fme, yine belirsiz s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2. K\u0131sm\u00ee S\u00fcreli ve Tam S\u00fcreli \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/p>\n
a. K\u0131sm\u00ee S\u00fcreli \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/p>\n
K\u0131sm\u00ee s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi; i\u015f\u00e7inin normal haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinin, tam s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan emsal i\u015f\u00e7iye g\u00f6re \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha az belirlenmesi durumunda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bir \u00f6\u011frencinin haftan\u0131n be\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc, okul \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda, saat 17.00-22.00 saatleri aras\u0131 bir kafeteryada garson olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 buna \u00f6rnek olup; part time \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olarak bilinen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, k\u0131sm\u00ee s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kapsam\u0131na girmektedir.<\/p>\n
b. Tam S\u00fcreli \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/p>\n
Tam s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in kanunda yap\u0131lan herhangi bir tan\u0131mlama bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu sebeple haftal\u0131k k\u0131rk be\u015f saatlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinin belirlendi\u011fi veya belirlenen s\u00fcrenin bu s\u00fcreden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde az oldu\u011fu ve yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi civar\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu hallerde, taraflar aras\u0131nda tam s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kurulmu\u015f olmaktad\u0131r. Zira bir i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin tam s\u00fcreli yerine k\u0131sm\u00ee s\u00fcreli oldu\u011funun kabul\u00fc i\u00e7in esas al\u0131nan ortalama s\u00fcre, haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalma olmas\u0131 halinde; i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, k\u0131sm\u00ee s\u00fcreli, aksi halde (\u00f6rne\u011fin, haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi olarak 45 saatin yerine 40 saatlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda) tam s\u00fcreli kabul edilmektedir.<\/p>\n
3. \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 \u00dczerine \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmaya ve Uzaktan \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmaya Dayal\u0131 \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/p>\n
a. \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 \u00dczerine \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmaya Dayal\u0131 \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi <\/p>\n
Taraflar aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan yaz\u0131l\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile, i\u015f g\u00f6rme ediminin, i\u015f\u00e7inin yapmay\u0131 \u00fcstlendi\u011fi i\u015fle ilgili olarak kendisine ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmas\u0131 halinde yerine getirilmesinin kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 hallerde, bu i\u015f ili\u015fkisi, \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya dayal\u0131 k\u0131sm\u00ee s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi olmaktad\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere; bu hallerde i\u015f\u00e7i tam s\u00fcreli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamakta, yaln\u0131zca \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta ve bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, k\u0131sm\u00ee s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kapsam\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nda da bu y\u00f6nde h\u00fckme yer verilmekte ve taraflarca, i\u015f\u00e7inin, hafta, ay veya y\u0131l gibi bir zaman dilimi i\u00e7inde ne kadar s\u00fcreyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmemesi halinde, haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinin yirmi saat kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmede g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinin kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 halinde, i\u015fverenin her \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da i\u015f\u00e7iyi g\u00fcnde en az d\u00f6rt saat \u00fcst \u00fcste \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak zorunda oldu\u011fu d\u00fczenlenmektedir. \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmak i\u00e7in belirlenen s\u00fcrede, i\u015f\u00e7i, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ls\u0131n veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n \u00fccrete hak kazanmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>\n
b. Uzaktan \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmaya Dayal\u0131 \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/p>\n
Uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma; geli\u015fen teknoloji ve internet sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 sonucunda \u00f6zellikle birden \u00e7ok il, il\u00e7e veya \u00fclkede sat\u0131\u015f ya da hizmet ifas\u0131nda bulunan i\u015f yerleri veya \u015firketlerde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Elbette uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayla tan\u0131\u015fmada ve tan\u0131\u015fan sekt\u00f6rler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan say\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131nda pandemi s\u00fcrecinin de b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisi bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin; m\u00fc\u015fteri hizmetleri olarak da bilinen \u00e7o\u011fu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 merkezinde, telefonlar\u0131 cevaplayan ki\u015finin uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Bu kapsamda uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya dayal\u0131 i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi; i\u015f\u00e7inin, i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan i\u015f organizasyonu kapsam\u0131nda i\u015f g\u00f6rme edimini evinde ya da teknolojik ileti\u015fim ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ile i\u015f yeri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yerine getirmesi esas\u0131na dayal\u0131 ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak kurulan i\u015f ili\u015fkisi olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin; bir bilgisayar teknisyeninin, i\u015f g\u00f6rme borcunu uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015feklinde yerine getirmesinin kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmakta ve bir sistemsel ar\u0131za veya teknik sorun halinde, uzaktan ba\u011flant\u0131 kurarak sorunu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4. Deneme S\u00fcreli \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/p>\n
Deneme s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi; taraflarca, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine en ba\u015f\u0131ndan bir deneme kayd\u0131 konulmas\u0131 suretiyle i\u015f ili\u015fkisine uyum sa\u011flan\u0131p sa\u011flanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrecinde ilerleme olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin devam ettirilmek istenip istenmedi\u011finin belirlenen s\u00fcre\u00e7te g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lan s\u00f6zle\u015fme t\u00fcr\u00fc olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bu sebeple taraflarca deneme s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin bildirim s\u00fcresine gerek olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ve tazminats\u0131z olarak feshedebilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ancak i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnler i\u00e7in \u00fccret ve di\u011fer haklar\u0131 sakl\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. Taraflarca i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine bir deneme kayd\u0131 konuldu\u011funda, bunun s\u00fcresi en \u00e7ok iki ay olabilmekte; ancak deneme s\u00fcresi, toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleriyle d\u00f6rt aya kadar uzat\u0131labilmektedir.<\/p>\n
5. Tak\u0131m S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile Olu\u015fturulan \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri<\/p>\n
Tak\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi; birden \u00e7ok i\u015f\u00e7inin meydana getirdi\u011fi bir tak\u0131m\u0131 temsilen bu i\u015f\u00e7ilerden birinin, tak\u0131m k\u0131lavuzu s\u0131fat\u0131yla i\u015fverenle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Tak\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde isimleri yaz\u0131l\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerden her birinin i\u015fe ba\u015flamas\u0131yla, o i\u015f\u00e7i ile i\u015fveren aras\u0131nda tak\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde belirlenen \u015fartlarla bir i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Tak\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin, olu\u015fturulacak i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri i\u00e7in hangi s\u00fcre kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olursa olsun, yaz\u0131l\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmede her i\u015f\u00e7inin kimli\u011fi ile alaca\u011f\u0131 \u00fccretin ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
IV. 1 MAYIS EMEK VE DAYANI\u015eMA G\u00dcN\u00dc KUTLAMAMIZ VE EMEK\u00c7\u0130LER\u0130M\u0130ZE SESLEN\u0130\u015e\u0130M\u0130Z<\/p>\n
1 May\u0131s Emek ve Dayan\u0131\u015fma G\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn anlam ve \u00f6nemine binaen i\u015f\u00e7i ve i\u015fveren ili\u015fkisini konu alan i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile t\u00fcrlerini incelemeyi uygun buldu\u011fumuz bu \u00f6zel g\u00fcnde; \u00f6ncelikle m\u00fccadelenin ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6nemini ve k\u0131ymetini yak\u0131ndan bildi\u011fimizi ve tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 belirtmek ve eme\u011fin, al\u0131n terinin, m\u00fccadelenin de\u011ferinin ve k\u0131ymetinin paha bi\u00e7ilemez oldu\u011funun bilinciyle hareket etti\u011fimizi ifade etmek istiyoruz. Bu vesileyle beden ve\/veya beyin g\u00fcc\u00fc ile hareket eden ve eme\u011fiyle, al\u0131n teriyle, \u00f6zverisiyle, \u00fcst\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla i\u015f ya\u015fam\u0131na ve ticari hayata do\u011frudan imzas\u0131n\u0131 atan, katk\u0131lar sunan ve ortaya, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc eserler ile i\u015fler \u00e7\u0131kartan t\u00fcm i\u015f\u00e7ilerimizin ve emek\u00e7ilerimizin, 1 May\u0131s \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Bayram\u0131\u2019n\u0131 y\u00fcrekten kutluyor ve bug\u00fcne \u00f6zel yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, i\u015f hayat\u0131nda eme\u011fi ge\u00e7en, bireysel, toplumsal ve \u00fclkesel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya katk\u0131s\u0131 bulunan ve harikalar yaratan t\u00fcm de\u011ferlerimize arma\u011fan ediyoruz.<\/p>\n
1 MAYIS \u0130\u015e\u00c7\u0130 BAYRAMIMIZ KUTLU OLSUN..<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
(\u0130\u015eBU YAZI; 1 MAYIS \u0130\u015e\u00c7\u0130 BAYRAMI\u2019NA \u00d6ZEL KALEME ALINAN HUKUK\u0130 MET\u0130N OLUP;<\/p>\n
T\u00dcM EMEK\u00c7\u0130LER\u0130M\u0130ZE VE DE\u011eERLER\u0130M\u0130ZE ARMA\u011eAN ED\u0130LMEKTED\u0130R.)<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Av. Arb. Ay\u015fen G\u00dcZEL\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
I. \u0130\u015e S\u00d6ZLE\u015eMES\u0130 A. \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin Tan\u0131m\u0131 \u0130\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi; i\u015f\u00e7i ile i\u015fveren aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir \u00d6zel Hukuk s\u00f6zle\u015fmesidir. \u0130\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile i\u015f\u00e7i, i\u015fverenin emir ve talimatlar\u0131 alt\u0131nda i\u015f g\u00f6rme, i\u015fveren de yap\u0131lan i\u015f kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00fccret \u00f6deme borcunu \u00fcstlenmektedir. B. \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin Unsurlar\u0131 Tan\u0131m\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin unsurlar\u0131; i\u015f g\u00f6rme, \u00fccret ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k; i\u015f g\u00f6rme borcunun, i\u015fverenin emir ve talimatlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda ve i\u015fin gerekliliklerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra i\u015fverenin istek ve beklentilerinin de dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 suretiyle yerine getirilmesi anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Elbette i\u015f g\u00f6rme borcunun tespiti, her somut olayda de\u011fi\u015fmekte ve borcun kapsam\u0131 ile emir ve talimatlara uygun davranman\u0131n boyutu farkl\u0131 olabilmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin; i\u015f yerinde temizlik i\u015f\u00e7isi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir kimse, temizli\u011fi i\u015fverenin istedi\u011fi \u015fekilde veya istedi\u011fi yerden ba\u015flayarak yapmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ancak bir ya\u015fl\u0131ya bakmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fccret \u00f6denmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan kimse, emir ve talimatlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda kendi mesleki bilgisini de kullanmak durumundad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 husus, \u00e7ocuk bak\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli olmaktad\u0131r. Ancak bu noktada verilen emir ve talimat\u0131n, su\u00e7 te\u015fkil etmemesi ve hukuka uygun olmas\u0131 aranmaktad\u0131r. C. \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin Hukuki Niteli\u011fi \u0130\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi; ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir. S\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin ortak temel \u00f6zelli\u011fi ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri, tek tarafl\u0131 hukuki i\u015flemlerden ay\u0131ran unsuru, yap\u0131lan hukuki i\u015flemin iki tarafl\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ki tarafl\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-75151","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n