Anayasa Mahkemesi 23\/7\/2024 tarihinde E.2023\/80 numaral\u0131 dosyada 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Tababet ve \u015euabat\u0131 San’atlar\u0131n\u0131n Tarz\u0131 \u0130cras\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 25. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 28. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u2026Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar,\u2026\u201d ibaresinin ve E.2024\/96 numaral\u0131 dosyada 6343 say\u0131l\u0131 Veteriner Hekimli\u011fi Mesle\u011finin \u0130cras\u0131na, T\u00fcrk Veteriner Hekimleri Birli\u011fi ile Odalar\u0131n\u0131n Te\u015fekk\u00fcl Tarz\u0131na ve G\u00f6rece\u011fi \u0130\u015flere Dair Kanun\u2019un 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 181. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 6. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinde yer alan \u201c…Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar,…\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u0130tiraz Konusu Kural<\/p>\n
\u0130tiraz konusu kurallarda, anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan herhangi birinden mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n hekimlik ve veteriner hekimlik mesleklerinin icras\u0131ndan yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvuru Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvuru kararlar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle; itiraz konusu kurallarla anayasal d\u00fczene kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olan hekim ve veteriner hekimlerin s\u00fcresiz bir \u015fekilde mesle\u011fini icra etmesinin engellendi\u011fi, bu durumun \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesini isteme hakk\u0131na \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir m\u00fcdahale olu\u015fturdu\u011fu belirtilerek kurallar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Mahkemenin De\u011ferlendirmesi<\/p>\n
Hekimlik ve veteriner hekimlik mesleklerinin ili\u015fkin onur ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na dair tedbirler sonucunda bu meslekleri icra etmek isteyenlerin y\u00fcklendi\u011fi k\u00fclfet ile hak ve menfaatleri aras\u0131nda adil bir dengenin kurulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda, an\u0131lan meslekleri icra etmek isteyenlere a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklenip y\u00fcklenmedi\u011finin denetiminde kurallarla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n s\u00fcresiz bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya bu meslekleri yeniden icra edebilmeyi sa\u011flayan hukuki bir \u00e7arenin olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. S\u00fcresiz hak yoksunlu\u011funun olu\u015fturdu\u011fu sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc amac\u0131yla 5352 say\u0131l\u0131 Adli Sicil Kanunu\u2019nun 13\/A maddesiyle getirilen yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumunun, anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n hekimlik ve veteriner hekimlik mesleklerini yeniden icra etmelerine imk\u00e2n sa\u011flay\u0131p sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususu, kurallarla ki\u015filere a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklenip y\u00fcklenmedi\u011finin tespiti bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
\u0130tiraz konusu kurallar ile anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n \u00f6zel kurulu\u015flar b\u00fcnyesinde veya serbest olarak hekimlik ve veteriner hekimlik mesleklerini icra etmelerinin s\u00fcresiz olarak k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, bununla beraber yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumuyla bu mesleklerin icras\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilece\u011fi \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir engel olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kapsamda, yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilebilmesi i\u00e7in mahk\u00fbm olunan cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131, ki\u015finin infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememesi ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi h\u00e2lli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaatin olu\u015fmas\u0131 \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fiye a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 k\u00fclfet y\u00fckleyip y\u00fcklemedi\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Bu ba\u011flamda infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren ge\u00e7mesi gereken \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre \u015fart\u0131yla itiraz davalar\u0131na konu kurallarda belirtilen mesleklerin \u00f6zel kurulu\u015flar b\u00fcnyesinde veya serbest olarak icras\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresiz olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrenin bu mesleklerin niteli\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde makul ve orant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememe ve hayat\u0131n iyi h\u00e2lli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede kanaatin olu\u015fmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131 arand\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu konuda h\u00e2kimin takdir yetkisi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bununla beraber iyi h\u00e2lin belirlenmesinde \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7un i\u015flenmemesinin etkili oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde h\u00e2kime s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir takdir yetkisinin verilmedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kald\u0131 ki anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n niteli\u011fi, toplumda olu\u015fturdu\u011fu etki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, an\u0131lan mesleklerin icras\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak kararda h\u00e2kime verilen takdir yetkisinin bu mesleklerin onur ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131na hizmet edece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu de\u011ferlendirmeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n \u00f6zel kurulu\u015flar b\u00fcnyesinde veya serbest olarak hekimlik ve veteriner hekimlik mesleklerini icra etmeleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bir hak yoksunlu\u011fu getirilmekte ise de yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumuyla birlikte bu hak yoksunlu\u011funun esas\u0131nda s\u00fcresiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bu s\u00fcrenin yeni kurumla birlikte di\u011fer ko\u015fullar\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131lla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve s\u00f6z konusu mesleklerin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlara a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklemedi\u011fi kanaatine var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Anayasa Mahkemesi a\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle kurallar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir.\u00a0<\/p>\n
——–<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2023\/80<\/p>\n
Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/142<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi : 23\/7\/2024<\/p>\n
R.G.Tarih-Say\u0131 : 10\/12\/2024-32748<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: \u0130stanbul B\u00f6lge \u0130dare Mahkemesi 7. \u0130dari Dava Dairesi<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 11\/4\/1928 tarihli ve 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Tababet ve \u015euabat\u0131 San’atlar\u0131n\u0131n Tarz\u0131 \u0130cras\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un 23\/1\/2008 tarihli ve 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 25. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 28. maddesinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 20. ve 49. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptaline karar verilmesi talebidir.<\/p>\n
OLAY: \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma izni talebinin reddine ili\u015fkin i\u015flemin iptali istemiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davada itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN VE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 G\u00d6R\u00dcLEN KANUN H\u00dcK\u00dcMLER\u0130<\/p>\n
A. \u0130ptali \u0130stenen Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fc<\/p>\n
Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu 28. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cMadde 28 \u2013 (De\u011fi\u015fik: 23\/1\/2008-5728\/25 md.) <\/p>\n
Hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in; T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile; kasten i\u015flenen bir su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 be\u015f y\u0131l veya daha fazla s\u00fcreyle ya da devletin g\u00fcvenli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar, Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar, (\u2026) zimmet, irtik\u00e2p, r\u00fc\u015fvet, h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k, doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, sahtecilik, g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma, hileli iflas, ihaleye fesat kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, edimin ifas\u0131na fesat kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, su\u00e7tan kaynaklanan malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlerini aklama veya ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmamak gerekir.<\/p>\n
\u0130cray\u0131 sanat etmesine mani ve gayr\u0131kabili \u015fifa bir maraz\u0131 akl\u0131 ile malul oldu\u011fu bilmuayene tebeyy\u00fcn eden tabipler, Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n teklifi ve Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Y\u00fcksek Disiplin Kurulu karar\u0131yla icray\u0131 sanattan menolunur ve diplomalar\u0131 geri al\u0131n\u0131r. <\/p>\n
\u00a0(Ek f\u0131kra: 15\/8\/2017-KHK-694\/5 md.; Aynen kabul: 1\/2\/2018-7078\/5 md.) Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Jandarma ve Sahil G\u00fcvenlik Akademisi nam ve hesab\u0131na t\u0131p fak\u00fcltelerinde okuyan tabip subaylardan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck s\u00fcresini tamamlamadan mahkeme veya disiplin kurulu karar\u0131na dayan\u0131larak ili\u015fi\u011fi kesilenler, kalan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck s\u00fcresince hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra edemezler.\u201d<\/p>\n
B. \u0130lgili G\u00f6r\u00fclen Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fc<\/p>\n
25\/5\/2005 tarihli ve 5352 say\u0131l\u0131 Adl\u00ee Sicil Kanunu\u2019nun 13\/A maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201c(1) 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki kanunlar\u0131n belli bir su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 veya belli bir cezaya mahk\u00fbmiyete ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hak yoksunluklar\u0131n\u0131n giderilebilmesi i\u00e7in, yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi yoluna gidilebilir. Bunun i\u00e7in; T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinin be\u015finci ve alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131 sakl\u0131 kalmak kayd\u0131yla, <\/p>\n
a) Mahk\u00fbm olunan cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131, <\/p>\n
b) Ki\u015finin bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi halli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaat olu\u015fmas\u0131, <\/p>\n
gerekir.\u201d<\/p>\n
II. \u0130LK \u0130NCELEME<\/p>\n
1. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Z\u00fcht\u00fc ARSLAN, Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Engin YILDIRIM, M. Emin KUZ, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, Basri BA\u011eCI, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR ve Muhterem \u0130NCE\u2019nin kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 4\/5\/2023 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikle uygulanacak kural ve s\u0131n\u0131rlama sorunlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
2. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 152. ile 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 40. maddelerine g\u00f6re bir davaya bakmakta olan mahkeme, o dava sebebiyle uygulanacak bir kanunun veya Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesinin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6rmesi h\u00e2linde veya taraflardan birinin ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k iddias\u0131n\u0131n ciddi oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varmas\u0131 durumunda bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin iptali i\u00e7in Anayasa Mahkemesine ba\u015fvurmaya yetkilidir. Ancak an\u0131lan maddeler uyar\u0131nca bir mahkemenin Anayasa Mahkemesine ba\u015fvurabilmesi i\u00e7in elinde y\u00f6ntemince a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve mahkemenin g\u00f6rev kapsam\u0131na giren bir davan\u0131n bulunmas\u0131, iptali talep edilen kural\u0131n da o davada uygulanacak olmas\u0131 gerekir. Uygulanacak kural ise bak\u0131lmakta olan davan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik evrelerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde veya davay\u0131 sonu\u00e7land\u0131rmada olumlu ya da olumsuz y\u00f6nde etki yapacak nitelikteki kurallard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu 28. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in 26\/9\/2004 tarihli ve 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun 53. maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile; kasten i\u015flenen bir su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 be\u015f y\u0131l veya daha fazla s\u00fcreyle ya da devletin g\u00fcvenli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar, anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar, zimmet, irtik\u00e2p, r\u00fc\u015fvet, h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k, doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, sahtecilik, g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma, hileli iflas, ihaleye fesat kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, edimin ifas\u0131na fesat kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, su\u00e7tan kaynaklanan mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlerini aklama veya ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmamak gerekti\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
4. Ba\u015fvuran Mahkemede g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte olan davan\u0131n konusu anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar aras\u0131nda yer alan silahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olma su\u00e7undan h\u00fck\u00fcm giyen davac\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni talebinin reddine ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
5. Bak\u0131lmakta olan davan\u0131n konusu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde itiraz konusu kural\u0131n birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u201cHekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in; T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile;\u2026\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile \u201c\u2026Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u2026.\u201d ve \u201c\u2026hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmamak gerekir.\u201d ibareleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan k\u0131sm\u0131 ile ikinci ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n bak\u0131lmakta olan davada uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kural\u0131n birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n kalan k\u0131sm\u0131 ile ikinci ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kralar\u0131na ili\u015fkin ba\u015fvurunun Mahkemenin yetkisizli\u011fi nedeniyle reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
6. \u00d6te yandan kural\u0131n birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u201cHekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in; T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile;\u2026\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile\u201c\u2026hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmamak gerekir.\u201d ibareleri, bak\u0131lmakta olan davan\u0131n konusu olan Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra dava konusu olmayan di\u011fer su\u00e7lar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de ge\u00e7erli ortak kural niteli\u011findedir. Bu itibarla an\u0131lan b\u00f6l\u00fcm ve ibarelerin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin incelemenin \u201c\u2026Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u2026\u201d ibaresiyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
7. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 25. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 28. maddesinin;<\/p>\n
A. Birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n;<\/p>\n
1. \u201cHekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in; T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile;\u2026\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile \u201c\u2026Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u2026.\u201d ve \u201c\u2026hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmamak gerekir.\u201d ibarelerinin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine, esasa ili\u015fkin incelemenin \u201c\u2026Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u2026\u201d ibaresi ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131na,<\/p>\n
2. Kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n itiraz ba\u015fvurusunda bulunan Mahkemenin bakmakta oldu\u011fu davada uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, bu k\u0131sma ili\u015fkin ba\u015fvurunun Mahkemenin yetkisizli\u011fi nedeniyle REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
B. \u0130kinci ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kralar\u0131n itiraz ba\u015fvurusunda bulunan Mahkemenin bakmakta oldu\u011fu davada uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, bu f\u0131kralara ili\u015fkin ba\u015fvurunun Mahkemenin yetkisizli\u011fi nedeniyle REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. ESASIN \u0130NCELENMES\u0130<\/p>\n
8. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131 ve ekleri, Raport\u00f6r Ahmet CANPOLAT taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan i\u015fin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin rapor, itiraz konusu kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc, dayan\u0131lan ve ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fclen Anayasa kurallar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n gerek\u00e7eleri ile di\u011fer yasama belgeleri okunup incelendikten sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. Anlam ve Kapsam<\/p>\n
9. 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli \u015fartlar d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. \u0130tiraz konusu kuralda anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 53. maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra edemeyecekleri belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
10. 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un \u00d6zel H\u00fck\u00fcmler kitab\u0131n\u0131n D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc K\u0131sm\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 309 il\u00e2 316. maddelerinden olu\u015fan Be\u015finci B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar; Anayasa\u2019y\u0131 ihlal, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019na suikast ve fiil\u00ee sald\u0131r\u0131, yasama organ\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7, h\u00fck\u00fbmete kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti H\u00fck\u00fbmetine kar\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 isyan, silahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct, silah sa\u011flama, su\u00e7 i\u00e7in anla\u015fma \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
11. 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 53. maddesinde ise ki\u015finin kas\u0131tl\u0131 bir su\u00e7 i\u015flemesi ve bu su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde mahk\u00fbmiyetin kesinle\u015fmesiyle ba\u015flay\u0131p hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131 tamamlan\u0131ncaya kadar devam eden hak yoksunlu\u011fu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle an\u0131lan madde uyar\u0131nca belli bir su\u00e7tan mahk\u00fbmiyete ba\u011fl\u0131 s\u00fcresiz hak yoksunlu\u011fundan s\u00f6z edilemeyece\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
12. Buna g\u00f6re anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan herhangi birini kasten i\u015fleyen ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 53. maddesi uyar\u0131nca hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131 tamamlan\u0131ncaya kadar hak yoksunlu\u011fu uygulanacakt\u0131r. \u0130tiraz konusu kuralda ise bu su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131ndan herhangi bir s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmektedir.<\/p>\n
B. \u0130tiraz\u0131n Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
13. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle; itiraz konusu kuralla anayasal d\u00fczene kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olan bir hekimin s\u00fcresiz bir \u015fekilde hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra etmesinin engellendi\u011fi, bu durumun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesini isteme hakk\u0131na \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir m\u00fcdahale olu\u015fturdu\u011fu belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 20. ve 49. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
C. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
14. 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kural, ilgisi nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 48. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
15. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n \u201c\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fcrriyeti\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 48. maddesinde \u201cHerkes, diledi\u011fi alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fcrriyetlerine sahiptir. \u00d6zel te\u015febb\u00fcsler kurmak serbesttir.\/ Devlet, \u00f6zel te\u015febb\u00fcslerin mill\u00ee ekonominin gereklerine ve sosyal ama\u00e7lara uygun y\u00fcr\u00fcmesini, g\u00fcvenlik ve kararl\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak tedbirleri al\u0131r.\u201d denilerek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
16. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 49. maddesinde de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n herkesin hakk\u0131 ve \u00f6devi oldu\u011fu, devletin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n hayat seviyesini y\u00fckseltmek, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 ve i\u015fsizleri korumak, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 desteklemek, i\u015fsizli\u011fi \u00f6nlemeye elveri\u015fli ekonomik bir ortam yaratmak ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in gerekli tedbirleri alaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
17. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, herkesin diledi\u011fi mesle\u011fi se\u00e7mede \u00f6zg\u00fcr olmas\u0131n\u0131 ve zorla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamay\u0131 ifade eder. Birey, bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak diledi\u011fi alan\u0131 ve i\u015fi se\u00e7ebilir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 ise bireyin \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradesiyle se\u00e7ti\u011fi mesle\u011fi veya i\u015fi icra etmesi, devletin de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak isteyenlere i\u015f temin etmek i\u00e7in gereken tedbirleri almas\u0131d\u0131r (AYM, E.2016\/141, K.2018\/27, 20\/2\/2018, \u00a7 16).<\/p>\n
18. Kural anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n hem \u00f6zel sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015flar\u0131nda hem de serbest olarak hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra edemeyeceklerini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmek suretiyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 49. maddelerinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirmektedir.<\/p>\n
19. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde \u201cTemel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler, \u00f6zlerine dokunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca Anayasan\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar, Anayasan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin ve l\u00e2ik Cumhuriyetin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u201d denilmektedir. Buna g\u00f6re temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere s\u0131n\u0131rlama getiren d\u00fczenlemelerin kanunla yap\u0131lmas\u0131, Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebine uygun ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
20. Bu kapsamda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlamaya y\u00f6nelik bir kanuni d\u00fczenlemenin \u015feklen var olmas\u0131 yeterli olmay\u0131p kurallar\u0131n keyf\u00eeli\u011fe izin vermeyecek \u015fekilde belirli, ula\u015f\u0131labilir ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir d\u00fczenlemeler niteli\u011finde olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
21. Esasen temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri s\u0131n\u0131rlayan kanunun bu niteliklere sahip olmas\u0131 Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nan hukuk devleti ilkesinin de bir gere\u011fidir. Hukuk devletinde kanuni d\u00fczenlemelerin hem ki\u015filer hem de idare y\u00f6n\u00fcnden herhangi bir duraksamaya ve ku\u015fkuya yer vermeyecek \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k, net, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r, uygulanabilir ve nesnel olmas\u0131, ayr\u0131ca kamu otoritelerinin keyf\u00ee uygulamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu \u00f6nlem i\u00e7ermesi gerekir. Kanunda bulunmas\u0131 gereken bu nitelikler hukuki g\u00fcvenli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da zorunludur. Zira bu ilke hukuk normlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131, bireylerin t\u00fcm eylem ve i\u015flemlerinde devlete g\u00fcven duyabilmesini, devletin de yasal d\u00fczenlemelerinde bu g\u00fcven duygusunu zedeleyici y\u00f6ntemlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lar (AYM, E.2015\/41, K.2017\/98, 4\/5\/2017, \u00a7\u00a7 153, 154). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde s\u0131n\u0131rlama \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc olarak belirtilen kanunilik, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nan hukuk devleti ilkesi \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yorumlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
22. Kuralda hangi su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbmiyetin hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131na engel oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmi\u015ftir. Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kural\u0131n belirli, ula\u015f\u0131labilir ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir nitelikte oldu\u011fu ve bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle kanunilik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
23. \u00d6te yandan s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n me\u015fru bir amaca dayanmas\u0131 gerekir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 49. maddelerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in herhangi bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama nedeni belirtilmemi\u015f olmakla birlikte \u00f6zel s\u0131n\u0131rlama nedeni \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f haklar\u0131n da o hakk\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan baz\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu kabul edilmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fka maddelerinde yer alan hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler ile devlete y\u00fcklenen \u00f6devler, \u00f6zel s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebi g\u00f6sterilmemi\u015f hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere s\u0131n\u0131r te\u015fkil edebilir (AYM, E.2018\/95, K.2023\/221, 27\/12\/2023, \u00a7 45).<\/p>\n
24. Hekimlik mesle\u011finin sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti i\u00e7indeki rol\u00fc ve \u00f6nemi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde mesle\u011fin icras\u0131na getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlanman\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131n mesle\u011fin onur ve itibar\u0131n\u0131 korumak oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. Mesle\u011fin onur ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla, baz\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n bu mesle\u011fi icra etmesinin yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131n anayasal y\u00f6nden me\u015fru bir amaca dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanaatine var\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
25. Bununla birlikte kural\u0131n anayasal ba\u011flamda me\u015fru bir amac\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 yeterli olmay\u0131p s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi ise elveri\u015flilik, gereklilik ve orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 alt ilkeden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Elveri\u015flilik \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131n\u0131, gereklilik ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n zorunlu olmas\u0131n\u0131, orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k ise hakka getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlama ile ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 aras\u0131nda makul bir dengenin g\u00f6zetilmesi gereklili\u011fini ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n
26. Hekimlik mesle\u011finin, yer ve zaman s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n toplum yarar\u0131na hizmet etmeyi gerektiren, insan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7 edinen bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 itibar\u0131yla hekimlerin tabi olmas\u0131 gereken kanuni ve etik s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n di\u011fer pek \u00e7ok meslekten daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ve kat\u0131 \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ola\u011fan kabul edilmelidir. Nitekim kuralda da hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da yer verilen bir k\u0131s\u0131m su\u00e7tan mahk\u00fbm olmama \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n getirildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle kuralla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n, hekimlik mesle\u011finin onur ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan elveri\u015fli oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
27. Kuralda hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131na engel oldu\u011fu belirtilen su\u00e7lar\u0131n niteli\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde, bunlar\u0131 i\u015fleyenlerin hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131ndan yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131n kanun koyucunun takdir yetkisi kapsam\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6rebilece\u011fi bir tedbir oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Bu sebeple kural\u0131n hekimlik mesle\u011finin onur ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik amac\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan gerekli olma \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
28. Di\u011fer yandan s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n orant\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ortaya konulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu itibarla hekimlik mesle\u011fine ili\u015fkin onur ve itibar\u0131n korunmas\u0131na dair tedbirler sonucunda hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra etmek isteyenlerin y\u00fcklendi\u011fi k\u00fclfet ile hak ve menfaatleri aras\u0131nda adil bir dengenin kurulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra etmek isteyenlere a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklenip y\u00fcklenmedi\u011finin denetiminde kuralla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n s\u00fcresiz bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya hekimlik mesle\u011fini yeniden icra edebilmeyi sa\u011flayan hukuki bir \u00e7arenin olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
29. 5352 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 13\/A maddesinde yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumu d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan maddenin gerek\u00e7esinde 5237 sa\u00ady\u0131\u00adl\u0131 Ka\u00adnu\u00adn d\u0131\u00ad\u015f\u0131n\u00adda\u00adki \u00e7e\u00ad\u015fit\u00adli ka\u00adnun\u00adlar\u00adda\u00adki ka\u00ads\u0131t\u00adl\u0131 bir su\u00e7\u00adtan do\u00adla\u00ady\u0131 be\u00adlir\u00adli s\u00fc\u00adrey\u00adle ha\u00adpis ce\u00adza\u00ads\u0131\u00adna ve\u00adya bel\u00adli su\u00e7\u00adlar\u00addan do\u00adla\u00ady\u0131 bir ce\u00adza\u00adya mah\u00adk\u00fbm olan ki\u00ad\u015fi\u00adle\u00adrin s\u00fc\u00adre\u00adsiz ola\u00adrak kul\u00adlan\u00admak\u00adtan ya\u00adsak\u00adlan\u00add\u0131k\u00adla\u00adr\u0131 hak\u00adla\u00adr\u0131 tek\u00adrar kul\u00adla\u00adna\u00adbil\u00adme\u00adle\u00adri\u00adne imk\u00e2n ta\u00adn\u0131\u00adyan bir d\u00fc\u00adzen\u00adle\u00adme ya\u00adp\u0131l\u00adma\u00ads\u0131\u00adna ih\u00adti\u00adya\u00e7 du\u00adyuldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu kapsamda\u00ad an\u0131lan madde uyar\u0131nca, yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilebilmesi i\u00e7in 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 53. maddesinin be\u015finci ve alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131 sakl\u0131 kalmak kayd\u0131yla, mahk\u00fbm olunan cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131, ki\u015finin infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememesi ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi h\u00e2lli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaatin olu\u015fmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
30. S\u00fcresiz hak yoksunlu\u011funun olu\u015fturdu\u011fu sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc amac\u0131yla getirilen yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumunun, anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n hekimlik mesle\u011fini yeniden icra etmelerine imk\u00e2n sa\u011flay\u0131p sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ki\u015filere a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklenip y\u00fcklenmedi\u011finin tespitinde \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
31. Kural uyar\u0131nca anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n \u00f6zel sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015flar\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde veya serbest olarak hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra etmelerinin s\u00fcresiz olarak k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131, bununla beraber yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi karar\u0131yla hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir engel olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda, yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilebilmesi i\u00e7in mahk\u00fbm olunan cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131, ki\u015finin infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememesi ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi h\u00e2lli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaatin olu\u015fmas\u0131 \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fiye a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 k\u00fclfet y\u00fckleyip y\u00fcklemedi\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n
32. Bu ba\u011flamda infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren ge\u00e7mesi gereken \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre \u015fart\u0131yla hekimlik mesle\u011finin \u00f6zel sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015flar\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde veya serbest olarak icras\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresiz olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrenin hekimlik mesle\u011finin niteli\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde makul ve orant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
33. \u00d6te yandan yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememe ve hayat\u0131n iyi h\u00e2lli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede kanaatin olu\u015fmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131 arand\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu konuda h\u00e2kimin takdir yetkisi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bununla beraber iyi h\u00e2lin belirlenmesinde \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7un i\u015flenmemesinin etkili oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde h\u00e2kime s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir takdir yetkisinin verilmedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
34. Kald\u0131 ki anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n niteli\u011fi, toplumda olu\u015fturdu\u011fu etki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak kararda h\u00e2kime verilen takdir yetkisinin hekimlik mesle\u011finin onur ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131na hizmet edece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
35. Bu itibarla kuralla anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n \u00f6zel sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015flar\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde veya serbest olarak hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra etmeleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bir hak yoksunlu\u011fu getirilmekte ise de yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumuyla birlikte bu hak yoksunlu\u011funun s\u00fcresiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu s\u00fcrenin yeni kurumla birlikte di\u011fer ko\u015fullar\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131lla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlara a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklemedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
36. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 48. ve 49. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130tiraz\u0131n reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Engin YILDIRIM, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e ve Kenan YA\u015eAR bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 20. maddesine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 48. ve 49. maddeleri kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 20. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
IV. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
11\/4\/1928 tarihli ve 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Tababet ve \u015euabat\u0131 San’atlar\u0131n\u0131n Tarz\u0131 \u0130cras\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un 23\/1\/2008 tarihli ve 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 25. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 28. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u2026Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar,\u2026\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve itiraz\u0131n REDD\u0130NE, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Engin YILDIRIM, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e ile Kenan YA\u015eAR\u2019\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131oylar\u0131 ve OY\u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA 23\/7\/2024 tarihinde karar verildi.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/p>\n
1. 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK\u2019n\u0131n 53\/1e,2. maddesi gere\u011fi ki\u015finin i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 h\u00fckmedilen hapis cezas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak cezas\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131 tamamlan\u0131ncaya kadar mesle\u011fini yapamama y\u00f6n\u00fcnde hak yoksunlu\u011fu uygulanacakt\u0131r. Bundan ayr\u0131ca \u0130ncelemeye konu 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 28. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131ndaki \u201cAnayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u201d ibaresi uyar\u0131nca, an\u0131lan su\u00e7lardan birini kasten i\u015fleyen ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131ndan s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle bu durumdaki hekimler \u00f6m\u00fcr boyunca \u00f6zel muayene a\u00e7\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015famayacaklar\u0131 gibi \u00f6zel bir sa\u011fl\u0131k biriminde hekim olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015famayacaklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2. \u00c7o\u011funluk gerek\u00e7esinde incelenen kurala kar\u015f\u0131n 5332 say\u0131l\u0131 Adli Sicil Kanununun 13\/A maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumu ile birlikte incelenerek, an\u0131lan yasal yol gere\u011fi anayasal d\u00fczene kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7tan mahkum olanlar\u0131n cezalar\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131ndan sonra \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mesi ve mahkemenin bu s\u00fcrede hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi halli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc konusunda olumlu kanaate varmas\u0131 durumunda hak yoksunlu\u011funun kalkaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden hareket edilmi\u015f ve bu gerek\u00e7elerle kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. Bu konunun de\u011ferlendirilebilmesi i\u00e7in ilgili kanunlar\u0131n d\u00fczenlenme tarihleriyle birlikte anlam ve kapsamlar\u0131na g\u00f6z at\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. 5332 say\u0131l\u0131 Adli Sicil Kanununun 13\/A maddesi, 6.12.2006 tarihli ve 5560 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 38. maddesiyle Kanuna eklenmi\u015ftir. 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu ise 1 Haziran 2005 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir. \u00d6te yandan 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Tababet ve \u015euabat\u0131 San\u2019atlar\u0131n\u0131n Tarz\u0131 \u0130cras\u0131na Dair Kanunun hekimlik mesle\u011fini yapmaya hak kazananlara hak yoksunlu\u011funu d\u00fczenleyen 28. maddesi ise 23.1.2008 tarihli ve 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 25. maddesiyle d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere hekimlere hak yoksunlu\u011funu getiren \u00f6zel d\u00fczenleme, gerek TCK ve gerekse Adli Sicil Kanununun 13\/A maddesinin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden sonra, ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle ilgili kurallar bilinerek d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle kural hekimlik mesle\u011fine ili\u015fkin \u00f6zel d\u00fczenleme niteli\u011findedir.<\/p>\n
4. \u0130ncelenen 28\/1. madde ve f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ilk c\u00fcmlesi \u201cHekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in; T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53. maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile\u201d ibaresiyle ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece Kanun koyucunun bu \u00f6zel d\u00fczenleme ile an\u0131lan bentte say\u0131lan su\u00e7lar ve bu arada anayasal d\u00fczene kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen su\u00e7lardan mahkumiyet halinde s\u00fcresiz bir hak yoksunlu\u011fu \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sonucunun \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
5. \u015e\u00fcphesiz kamu g\u00f6revinde istihdam edileceklerle ilgili s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar me\u015fru ama\u00e7lar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ayr\u0131ca de\u011ferlendirilebilir. Bununla birlikte kanunla bir meslek mensubunun \u00f6zel ya\u015fam\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kazanma imkan\u0131ndan s\u00fcresiz olarak yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n demokratik toplumda gereklili\u011fi ve orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 hale gelecek ve bu durumun Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 48, 49. maddeleriyle ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 olabilecektir. Nitekim AYM\u2019nin 2008\/17 E., 2010\/44 K. say\u0131l\u0131 ve 25.2.2010 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda benzer de\u011ferlendirmelerle 28. Maddedeki birk\u0131s\u0131m su\u00e7larla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak iptal karar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. \u0130ptal gerek\u00e7esinde, kuraldaki d\u00fczenlemelerde meslek veya g\u00f6revlerin \u00f6zellikleri, su\u00e7lar\u0131n ve cezalar\u0131n niteli\u011fi, cezalar miktar\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n ve bir kademelendirme yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n eylemle orant\u0131s\u0131z bir hak yoksunlu\u011fu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesinin adaletli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hukuk devleti ilkesiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Benzer de\u011ferlendirmeler Mahkemenin 2008\/80 E., 2011\/81 K., 18.5.2011 ile 2012\/61 E., 2012\/135 K., 27.9.2012 tarih ve say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda da yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan belirtilen iptal gerek\u00e7elerine kar\u015f\u0131n kamu g\u00f6revlileri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Dan\u0131\u015ftay kararlar\u0131nda Adli Sicil Kanununun 13\/A maddesindeki s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7se ve yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n iadesine karar verilse dahi 657 say\u0131l\u0131 DMK\u2019nun 48. maddesi uyar\u0131nca an\u0131lan maddede say\u0131lan su\u00e7lardan mahkum olanlar\u0131n devlet memurlu\u011funa girmelerinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir (bkz. Dan\u0131\u015ftay \u0130DDK 27.6.2022, E. 2022\/1141, K. 2022\/2318; 5.10.2023, E. 2023\/444, K. 2023\/1833).<\/p>\n
6. Ayr\u0131ca belirtilmelidir ki \u00e7o\u011funluk gerek\u00e7esindeki gibi 5332 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 13\/A maddesindeki d\u00fczenlemenin buna istisna olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmekteyse, incelemeye konu \u00f6zel d\u00fczenlemede bu hususun da belirtilmesi gerekirdi. Kural\u0131n bu d\u00fczenleni\u015f bi\u00e7imi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ihtilafl\u0131 yorum veya i\u00e7tihatlarla bu imkan\u0131n tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirmeler, kanundaki belirsizli\u011fi ve kalite sorununu a\u015fmaya yeterli olmayacakt\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr de\u011ferlendirmeler uygulaman\u0131n gelecekte aksi y\u00f6nde geli\u015fmesini \u00f6nleme g\u00fcvencesini ta\u015f\u0131mamaktad\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131m hukuki gerek\u00e7eler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda incelenen kural\u0131n iptal edilmesi gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndeyim.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY<\/p>\n
1. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma izni talebinin z\u0131mnen reddine ili\u015fkin i\u015flemin iptali istemiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davada itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan \u0130stanbul B\u00f6lge \u0130dare Mahkemesi 7. \u0130dari Dava Dairesi kural\u0131n iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur. \u0130tiraza konu kural uyar\u0131nca anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n hekimlik mesle\u011fini s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n hem \u00f6zel sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015flar\u0131nda hem de serbest icra edemeyece\u011fini d\u00fczenlemektedir.<\/p>\n
2. Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan \u201c kuralla hekimlik i\u00e7in bir hak yoksunlu\u011fu getirilmekte ise de yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumuyla bu hak yoksunlu\u011funun esas\u0131nda s\u00fcresiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu s\u00fcrenin de yeni kurumla birlikte di\u011fer ko\u015fullar\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131lla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu s\u00fcrenin de hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlara a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklemedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle itiraz\u0131n reddi gerekir\u201d \u015feklindeki gerek\u00e7eyle kural\u0131n reddine ili\u015fkin karar\u0131na i\u015ftirak edilmemi\u015ftir. \u015e\u00f6yle ki;<\/p>\n
3. Anayasa Mahkemesi norm denetimi kapsam\u0131nda, s\u00fcresiz olarak bir mesle\u011fi icra edememe ile ilgili verdi\u011fi bir karar\u0131nda \u201c23.1.2008 Tarihli ve 5728 Say\u0131l\u0131 Temel Ceza Kanunlar\u0131na Uyum Amac\u0131yla \u00c7e\u015fitli Kanunlarda ve Di\u011fer Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un 25. maddesi ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 11.4.1928 tarihli ve 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Tababet ve \u015euabat\u0131 San’atlar\u0131n\u0131n Tarz\u0131 \u0130cras\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un 28. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u201c…milli savunmaya kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar, devlet s\u0131rlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar ve casusluk, kamunun sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar,…\u201d ibareleri incelemi\u015f ve Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6rerek iptal etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cDava konusu d\u00fczenlemeler, meslek veya g\u00f6revlerin \u00f6zellikleri, su\u00e7lar\u0131n niteli\u011fi, bu su\u00e7lara verilen cezalar ve cezalar\u0131n s\u00fcresi, kas\u0131tla veya taksirle i\u015flenip i\u015flenmedi\u011fine bak\u0131lmamas\u0131 ve bir kademelendirme de yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 ve bu su\u00e7lardan mahkum olanlar\u0131n belirli meslekleri ve g\u00f6revleri s\u00fcrekli olarak icra edememeleri, i\u015fledikleri su\u00e7lara g\u00f6re adaletli ve eylemle orant\u0131l\u0131 olmayan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir hak yoksunlu\u011funa yol a\u00e7mas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde belirtilen \u2018Hukuk Devleti\u2019 ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ptali gerekir.\u201d (AYM, E.2008\/17, K.2010\/44, 25.2.2010)<\/p>\n
4. Hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 49. maddelerinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u201c\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131na \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama\u201d niteli\u011findedir. Kural kamu ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 yapmaks\u0131z\u0131n hekimlik mesle\u011fine s\u00fcresiz s\u0131n\u0131r getirmektedir. Anayasa Mahkemesi bir\u00e7ok karar\u0131nda bu ayr\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7erip i\u00e7ermedi\u011fine bakm\u0131\u015f ve buna g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirme yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201c Ba\u015fvurucunun \u0130dare taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yasa\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir karar al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair bir iddias\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, somut olaya konu idari i\u015flemin \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 engelleyen bir i\u00e7eri\u011finin oldu\u011funu da ortaya koyamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurgulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durumda yukar\u0131daki a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ba\u015fvurucunun s\u0131nav\u0131 kazanarak harita m\u00fchendisi olarak atanmaya hak kazanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen atama tarihi itibar\u0131yla ge\u00e7erli olan Kanun’da belirlenen kamu g\u00f6revlisi olarak atanma \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespit edilmesi \u00fczerine ataman\u0131n yap\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131n -ba\u015fvurucunun \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 hususlar\u0131 da g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde- demokratik toplum gereklerine uygun ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez.\u201d (Cem Tur\u011fut, B. No: 2019\/16656, 18\/10\/2023, \u00a7 \u2026)<\/p>\n
5. \u00d6te yandan Anayasa Mahkemesi daha \u00f6nce Ahmet G\u00f6deo\u011flu karar\u0131nda, mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak hekimlik mesle\u011findeki hak ve yetkilerini kullanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu yasaklanmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine karar vermi\u015ftir. (B. No : 2018\/28616, 17.11.2021) S\u00f6z konusu kararda Ba\u015fvurucunun g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma su\u00e7undan mahk\u00fbm oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra etmesine izin verilmemi\u015ftir. AYM taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde dahi s\u00fcresiz bir \u015fekilde mesle\u011fin icras\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131na sebep olan tedbirin \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131na orant\u0131s\u0131z bir m\u00fcdahalede bulunuldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
6. Yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere; Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin mahk\u00fbmiyete ba\u011fl\u0131 s\u00fcresiz hak yoksunlu\u011fu \u00f6ng\u00f6ren kurallar\u0131 norm denetiminde iptal etti\u011fi bu kurallar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 \u00fczerine tesis edilen i\u015flemlerle ilgili yap\u0131lan bireysel ba\u015fvuru incelemesinde de ihlal karar\u0131 verildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
7. Anayasa Mahkemesinin norm denetiminde ve bireysel ba\u015fvuruda benzer konulardaki i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131ndan farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6steren \u00e7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne yukar\u0131da izah etti\u011fimiz nedenlerle i\u015ftirak edilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/p>\n
1. Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun 11\/4\/1928 tarihli ve 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Tababet ve \u015euabat\u0131 San’atlar\u0131n\u0131n Tarz\u0131 \u0130cras\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un 23\/1\/2008 tarihli ve 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 25. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 28. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201cHekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in; T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile;\u2026\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile \u201c\u2026Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u2026\u201d ve \u201c\u2026hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmamak gerekir.\u201d ibarelerinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin kanaatine kat\u0131lmamaktay\u0131m.<\/p>\n
2. Dava konusu ibarelerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 28. maddesinde hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in baz\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahkum olmamak say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup bunlar i\u00e7erisinde birinci f\u0131krada T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun 53. maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7tan hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmamak da yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmede, kuralla hekimlik i\u00e7in bir hak yoksunlu\u011fu getirilmekte ise de yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumuyla bu hak yoksunlu\u011funun esas\u0131nda s\u00fcresiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu s\u00fcrenin yeni kurumla birlikte di\u011fer ko\u015fullar\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131lla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu s\u00fcrenin de hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlara a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklemedi\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015farak kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 48. ve 49. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Bkz.: \u00a7\u00a7 35-36).<\/p>\n
4. \u00d6ncelikle ifade etmek gerekir kural kamu veya \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 yapmaks\u0131z\u0131n hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Ancak hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7tan hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm edilmi\u015f olmak \u015fart\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan kural gere\u011fi bu su\u00e7tan mahkumiyetin bir sonucu olarak ki\u015fi hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131 herhangi bir s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiremeyecektir.<\/p>\n
5. Hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131n bu \u015fekilde s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funluk karar\u0131nda ifade edildi\u011fi bi\u00e7imde me\u015fru bir amaca dayan\u0131r olsa bile dava konusu kural bu t\u00fcr mahkumiyet alan hekimler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 49. maddelerinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131na \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirmektedir.<\/p>\n
6. Nitekim bu minvalde yap\u0131lan bir bireysel ba\u015fvuruda Anayasa Mahkemesi g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanmak su\u00e7undan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak ba\u015fvurucunun hekimlik mesle\u011findeki hak ve yetkilerini kullanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu yasaklanmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine karar vermi\u015ftir (Bkz.: Ahmet G\u00f6deo\u011flu, B. No: 2018\/28616, 17\/11\/2021, \u00a7\u00a7 45-52).<\/p>\n
7. Her ne kadar bireysel ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131ndaki bu gerek\u00e7eyi Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu bu kararda revize ederek dava konusu kuralla hekimlik i\u00e7in bir hak yoksunlu\u011fu getirilmekte ise de yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumuyla bu hak yoksunlu\u011funun esas\u0131nda s\u00fcresiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu s\u00fcrenin yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumuyla birlikte di\u011fer ko\u015fullar\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131lla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u00fcrenin hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlara a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklemedi\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir (Bkz.: \u00a7 35). Bununla birlikte kanaatimizce burada hekimlerin an\u0131lan haklar\u0131na yine de \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir m\u00fcdahale s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n
8. Somut kural ba\u011flam\u0131nda hekimlerin hak yoksunlu\u011fu, as\u0131l cezan\u0131n \u00e7ektirilmesi sonras\u0131nda 25\/5\/2005 tarih ve 5352 say\u0131l\u0131 Adli Sicil Kanunu\u2019na 6\/12\/2006 tarih ve 5560 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7e\u015fitli Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Kanun’un 38. maddesiyle eklenen 13\/A maddesinde yeniden d\u00fczenlenen yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi yolu i\u015fletilerek mahk\u00fbm olunan cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131, ki\u015finin infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememesi ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi halli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaatin olu\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda kald\u0131r\u0131labilmektedir.<\/p>\n
9. Bununla birlikte ifade etmek gerekir ki yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi otomatik bi\u00e7imde i\u015fleyen ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen bu \u00fc\u00e7 \u015fart\u0131n birlikte ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi durumunda her halde olumlu sonu\u00e7 al\u0131nabilen etkili bir yol \u015feklinde sonu\u00e7 vermeye m\u00fcsait olmaktan uzakt\u0131r. Zira Kanun\u2019daki d\u00fczenleni\u015f bi\u00e7iminde de \u201ckanunlar\u0131n belli bir su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 veya belli bir cezaya mahk\u00fbmiyete ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hak yoksunluklar\u0131n\u0131n giderilebilmesi i\u00e7in\u201d yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi yoluna gidilebilece\u011fi ifade edilmektedir. Ek olarak, buradaki \u201cgidilebilece\u011fi\u201d \u015feklindeki ifade mahkum olan ki\u015fiye y\u00f6nelik olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa dahi bu konuda verilecek kararda bu \u00fc\u00e7 \u015fart\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde yer alan \u201chayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi halli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaat olu\u015fmas\u0131\u201d \u015feklinde hakime takdir yetkisi tan\u0131yan bir ibare bulundu\u011fu dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
10. Elbette hakimlerin takdirlerini Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 138. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda da vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere \u201cAnayasaya, kanuna ve hukuka uygun olarak vicdani kanaatlerine g\u00f6re\u201d kullanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Ancak di\u011fer iki \u015fart olan cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve ki\u015finin infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememesi gibi net \u015fartlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ra\u011fmen yine de \u201chayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi halli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaat olu\u015fmas\u0131\u201d \u015fart\u0131na yer verilmesi uygulamada takdire ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak olumsuz sonu\u00e7lar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n ihtimal dahilinde oldu\u011funu akla getirmektedir.<\/p>\n
11. Uygulamada yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi yoluna ba\u015fvuruldu\u011funda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan kimi olumsuz \u00f6rnekler de bu endi\u015feyi hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmakta olup bu durum dava konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya uygunluk denetiminde bu hususun da dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Zira burada takdire ba\u011fl\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131n, uygulamada kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan kimi \u00f6rneklerde de g\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011fi \u00fczere bu hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 etkisizle\u015ftirebilece\u011finden kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya uygunluk denetiminde bu hususun da g\u00f6zden uzak tutulmamas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
12. Nitekim Anayasa Mahkemesine yap\u0131lan bir bireysel ba\u015fvuruda verilen ihlal karar\u0131 bu konudaki uygulaman\u0131n nas\u0131l amac\u0131na uygun sonu\u00e7 vermedi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu cezalara ili\u015fkin kararlar\u0131n kesinle\u015fip yerine getirildi\u011fi, infaz tarihlerinin \u00fczerinden 16 y\u0131la yak\u0131n bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7ti\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek kanunda belirtilen \u015fartlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini iddia eden ba\u015fvurucu asliye ceza mahkemesinden memnu haklar\u0131n iadesi talebinde bulunmu\u015ftur. Bunun \u00fczerine derece mahkemelerince hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi halli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda yeterli kanaat olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan talebi yerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. Yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvuru \u00fczerine Anayasa Mahkemesi, ba\u015fvurucunun ayr\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131k bir yan\u0131t verilmesini gerektiren ve talebinin kabul edilebilmesine neden olabilecek nitelikte olan “hakk\u0131ndaki cezalar\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren 16 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f oldu\u011funa” dair iddias\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ve kar\u015f\u0131lanmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fvurucunun Anayasa’n\u0131n 36. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki gerek\u00e7eli karar hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlali olarak de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir (Bkz.: M\u00fcmtaz Bekci, B. No: 2014\/16269, 8\/11\/2017, \u00a7\u00a7 29-31).<\/p>\n
13. Ek olarak bahse konu mesle\u011fin hekimlik mesle\u011fi oldu\u011fu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutuldu\u011funda yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi yoluna ancak as\u0131l cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l ge\u00e7tikten sonra ba\u015fvurulabilmesi de \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc daha net bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6stermektedir. Zira ki\u015fi zaten as\u0131l cezay\u0131 \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. Buna ra\u011fmen hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mesini beklemek hekimlerin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 49. maddelerinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahaleyi daha da \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz hale sokacakt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla as\u0131l cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131yla birlikte hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen g\u00fcvenlik tedbirinin sona ermemesi somut kural ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc daha da belirginle\u015ftirmektedir.<\/p>\n
14. Bu nedenle infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan sonraki ge\u00e7mesi gereken \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bekleme s\u00fcresi ile ilgili olarak \u00e7o\u011funluk karar\u0131ndaki \u201c\u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre \u015fart\u0131yla hekimlik mesle\u011finin \u00f6zel sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015flar\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde veya serbest olarak icras\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresiz olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrenin hekimlik mesle\u011finin niteli\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde makul ve orant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu\u201d (\u00a7 32) bi\u00e7imindeki gerek\u00e7eye de kat\u0131lmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
15. Sonu\u00e7 olarak yukar\u0131da s\u0131ralanan gerek\u00e7eyle 11\/4\/1928 tarihli ve 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Tababet ve \u015euabat\u0131 San’atlar\u0131n\u0131n Tarz\u0131 \u0130cras\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un 23\/1\/2008 tarihli ve 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 25. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 28. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u2026Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u2026\u201d ibaresinin ki\u015filerin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 49. maddelerinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahaleyi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz hale getirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 48. ve 49. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fundan iptali gerekti\u011fi kanaatiyle Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun aksi y\u00f6ndeki karar\u0131na kat\u0131lmamaktay\u0131m.<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00a0Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
———-<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/96<\/p>\n
Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/143<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi : 23\/7\/2024<\/p>\n
R.G.Tarih-Say\u0131 : 10\/12\/2024-32748<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: Ankara B\u00f6lge \u0130dare Mahkemesi 12. \u0130dari Dava Dairesi<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 9\/3\/1954 tarihli ve 6343 say\u0131l\u0131 Veteriner Hekimli\u011fi Mesle\u011finin \u0130cras\u0131na, T\u00fcrk Veteriner Hekimleri Birli\u011fi ile Odalar\u0131n\u0131n Te\u015fekk\u00fcl Tarz\u0131na ve G\u00f6rece\u011fi \u0130\u015flere Dair Kanun\u2019un 23\/1\/2008 tarihli ve 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 181. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 6. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 20. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptaline karar verilmesi talebidir.<\/p>\n
OLAY: \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma izni talebinin reddine ili\u015fkin i\u015flemin iptali istemiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davada itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa’ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN VE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 G\u00d6R\u00dcLEN KANUN H\u00dcK\u00dcMLER\u0130<\/p>\n
A. \u0130ptali \u0130stenen Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fc<\/p>\n
Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu kural\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 6. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cMadde 6 \u2013 (De\u011fi\u015fik: 23\/1\/2008-5728\/181 md.) <\/p>\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yaz\u0131l\u0131 haller, veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131na mani te\u015fkil eder: <\/p>\n
a) T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile; kasten i\u015flenen bir su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 be\u015f y\u0131l veya daha fazla s\u00fcreyle ya da devletin g\u00fcvenli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar, Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar, (\u2026) zimmet, irtik\u00e2p, r\u00fc\u015fvet, h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k, doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, sahtecilik, g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma, hileli iflas, ihaleye fesat kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, edimin ifas\u0131na fesat kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, su\u00e7tan kaynaklanan malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlerini aklama veya ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmak. <\/p>\n
b) Bu Kanun ile te\u015fekk\u00fcl eden Haysiyet veya Y\u00fcksek Haysiyet Divan\u0131 kararlar\u0131 ile meslekini icradan menolunmak. <\/p>\n
c) Y\u00fcksek Haysiyet Divan\u0131nca haklar\u0131nda diplomalar\u0131n\u0131n istirdad\u0131 karar\u0131 ittihaz edilmek.\u201d<\/p>\n
B. \u0130lgili G\u00f6r\u00fclen Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fc<\/p>\n
25\/5\/2005 tarihli ve 5352 say\u0131l\u0131 Adli Sicil Kanunu\u2019nun 13\/A maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201c(1) 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki kanunlar\u0131n belli bir su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 veya belli bir cezaya mahk\u00fbmiyete ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hak yoksunluklar\u0131n\u0131n giderilebilmesi i\u00e7in, yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi yoluna gidilebilir. Bunun i\u00e7in; T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinin be\u015finci ve alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131 sakl\u0131 kalmak kayd\u0131yla, <\/p>\n
a) Mahk\u00fbm olunan cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131, <\/p>\n
b) Ki\u015finin bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi halli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaat olu\u015fmas\u0131, gerekir.\u201d<\/p>\n
II. \u0130LK \u0130NCELEME<\/p>\n
1. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca, Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Basri BA\u011eCI, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L ve \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR\u2019\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 9\/5\/2024 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikle uygulanacak kural ve s\u0131n\u0131rlama sorunlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
2. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 152. ile 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 40. maddelerine g\u00f6re bir davaya bakmakta olan mahkeme, o dava sebebiyle uygulanacak bir kanunun veya Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesinin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6rmesi h\u00e2linde veya taraflardan birinin ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k iddias\u0131n\u0131n ciddi oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varmas\u0131 durumunda bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin iptalleri i\u00e7in Anayasa Mahkemesine ba\u015fvurmaya yetkilidir. Ancak an\u0131lan maddeler uyar\u0131nca bir mahkemenin Anayasa Mahkemesine ba\u015fvurabilmesi i\u00e7in elinde y\u00f6ntemince a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve mahkemenin g\u00f6rev kapsam\u0131na giren bir davan\u0131n bulunmas\u0131, iptali talep edilen kural\u0131n da o davada uygulanacak olmas\u0131 gerekir. Uygulanacak kural ise bak\u0131lmakta olan davan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik evrelerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde veya davay\u0131 sonu\u00e7land\u0131rmada olumlu ya da olumsuz y\u00f6nde etki yapacak nitelikteki kurallard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. 6343 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 6. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n itiraz konusu (a) bendinde veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in 26\/9\/2004 tarihli ve 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun 53. maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile; kasten i\u015flenen bir su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 be\u015f y\u0131l veya daha fazla s\u00fcreyle ya da devletin g\u00fcvenli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar, anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar, zimmet, irtik\u00e2p, r\u00fc\u015fvet, h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k, doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, sahtecilik, g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma, hileli iflas, ihaleye fesat kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, edimin ifas\u0131na fesat kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, su\u00e7tan kaynaklanan mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlerini aklama veya ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olunmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
4. Ba\u015fvuran Mahkemede g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte olan dava anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar aras\u0131nda yer alan silahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olma su\u00e7undan h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olup infaz\u0131 tamamlanan davac\u0131n\u0131n veteriner hekim olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na izin verilmesi talebinin reddine ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
5. Bak\u0131lmakta olan davan\u0131n konusu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde itiraz konusu kural\u0131n \u201cT\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile;\u2026\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile \u201c\u2026Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u2026.\u201d ve \u201c\u2026hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmak.\u201d ibareleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n bak\u0131lmakta olan davada uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bendin kalan k\u0131sm\u0131na ili\u015fkin ba\u015fvurunun Mahkemenin yetkisizli\u011fi nedeniyle reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
6. \u00d6te yandan, s\u00f6z konusu bendin \u201cT\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile;\u2026\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile\u201c\u2026hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmak.\u201d ibareleri, bak\u0131lmakta olan davan\u0131n konusu olan Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra dava konusu olmayan di\u011fer su\u00e7lar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de ge\u00e7erli ortak kural niteli\u011findedir. Bu itibarla an\u0131lan b\u00f6l\u00fcm ve ibarenin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin incelemenin \u201c\u2026Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u2026\u201d ibaresiyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
7. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle 9\/3\/1954 tarihli ve 6343 say\u0131l\u0131 Veteriner Hekimli\u011fi Mesle\u011finin \u0130cras\u0131na, T\u00fcrk Veteriner Hekimleri Birli\u011fi ile Odalar\u0131n\u0131n Te\u015fekk\u00fcl Tarz\u0131na ve G\u00f6rece\u011fi \u0130\u015flere Dair Kanun\u2019un 23\/1\/2008 tarihli ve 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 181. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 6. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinin;<\/p>\n
A. \u201cT\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile;\u2026\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile \u201c\u2026Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u2026.\u201d ve \u201c\u2026hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmak.\u201d ibarelerinin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine, esasa ili\u015fkin incelemenin \u201c\u2026Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u2026\u201d ibaresi ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131na,<\/p>\n
B. Kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n itiraz ba\u015fvurusunda bulunan Mahkemenin bakmakta oldu\u011fu davada uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu k\u0131sma ili\u015fkin ba\u015fvurunun Mahkemenin yetkisizli\u011fi nedeniyle REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. ESASIN \u0130NCELENMES\u0130<\/p>\n
8. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131 ve ekleri, Raport\u00f6r Ahmet CANPOLAT taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan i\u015fin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin rapor, itiraz konusu kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc, dayan\u0131lan ve ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fclen Anayasa kurallar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n gerek\u00e7eleri ile di\u011fer yasama belgeleri okunup incelendikten sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. Anlam ve Kapsam<\/p>\n
9. 6343 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli \u015fartlar d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 4. maddesinde ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filer veya \u00f6zel hukuk ki\u015fileri taraf\u0131ndan istihdam edilen veteriner hekimlerin bu Kanun\u2019a tabi oldu\u011fu ve 8. maddesinde her veteriner hekimin hayvanlar\u0131n muayene ve tedavisi i\u00e7in bir muayenehane a\u00e7abilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
10. Kanun\u2019un 6. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinde de veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in baz\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olmamak \u015fart\u0131 getirilmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra etmek isteyenlerin \u00f6ncelikle an\u0131lan bentte say\u0131lan su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olmama ko\u015fulunu ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
11. \u0130tiraz konusu kuralda anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 53. maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra edemeyecekleri belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
12. 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un \u00d6zel H\u00fck\u00fcmler kitab\u0131n\u0131n D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc K\u0131sm\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 309 il\u00e2 316. maddelerinden olu\u015fan Be\u015finci B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar; Anayasa\u2019y\u0131 ihlal, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na suikast ve fiil\u00ee sald\u0131r\u0131, yasama organ\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7, h\u00fck\u00fbmete kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti H\u00fck\u00fbmetine kar\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 isyan, silahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct, silah sa\u011flama, su\u00e7 i\u00e7in anla\u015fma \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
13. 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 53. maddesinde ise ki\u015finin kas\u0131tl\u0131 bir su\u00e7 i\u015flemesi ve bu su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde mahk\u00fbmiyetin kesinle\u015fmesiyle ba\u015flay\u0131p hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131 tamamlan\u0131ncaya kadar devam eden hak yoksunlu\u011fu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle an\u0131lan madde uyar\u0131nca belli bir su\u00e7tan mahk\u00fbmiyete ba\u011fl\u0131 s\u00fcresiz hak yoksunlu\u011fundan s\u00f6z edilemeyece\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
14. Buna g\u00f6re anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan herhangi birini kasten i\u015fleyen ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 53. maddesi uyar\u0131nca hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131 tamamlan\u0131ncaya kadar hak yoksunlu\u011fu uygulanacakt\u0131r. \u0130tiraz konusu kuralda ise bu su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131ndan herhangi bir s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmektedir.<\/p>\n
B. \u0130tiraz\u0131n Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
15. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle; itiraz konusu kuralla anayasal d\u00fczene kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olan bir veteriner hekimin s\u00fcresiz bir \u015fekilde bu mesle\u011fi icra etmesinin engellendi\u011fi, bu durumun \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesini isteme hakk\u0131na \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir m\u00fcdahale olu\u015fturdu\u011fu belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 20. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
C. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
16. 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kural, ilgisi nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 49. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
17. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n \u201c\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fcrriyeti\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 48. maddesinde \u201cHerkes, diledi\u011fi alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fcrriyetlerine sahiptir. \u00d6zel te\u015febb\u00fcsler kurmak serbesttir.\/ Devlet, \u00f6zel te\u015febb\u00fcslerin mill\u00ee ekonominin gereklerine ve sosyal ama\u00e7lara uygun y\u00fcr\u00fcmesini, g\u00fcvenlik ve kararl\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak tedbirleri al\u0131r.\u201d denilerek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
18. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 49. maddesinde de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n herkesin hakk\u0131 ve \u00f6devi oldu\u011fu, devletin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n hayat seviyesini y\u00fckseltmek, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 ve i\u015fsizleri korumak, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 desteklemek, i\u015fsizli\u011fi \u00f6nlemeye elveri\u015fli ekonomik bir ortam yaratmak ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in gerekli tedbirleri alaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
19. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, herkesin diledi\u011fi mesle\u011fi se\u00e7mede \u00f6zg\u00fcr olmas\u0131n\u0131 ve zorla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamay\u0131 ifade eder. Birey, bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak diledi\u011fi alan\u0131 ve i\u015fi se\u00e7ebilir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 ise bireyin \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradesiyle se\u00e7ti\u011fi mesle\u011fi veya i\u015fi icra etmesi, devletin de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak isteyenlere i\u015f temin etmek i\u00e7in gereken tedbirleri almas\u0131d\u0131r (AYM, E.2016\/141, K.2018\/27, 20\/2\/2018, \u00a7 16).<\/p>\n
20. Kural anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n hem \u00f6zel muayenehanelerde hem de serbest olarak veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra edemeyeceklerini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmek suretiyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 49. maddelerinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirmektedir.<\/p>\n
21. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde \u201cTemel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler, \u00f6zlerine dokunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca Anayasan\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar, Anayasan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin ve l\u00e2ik Cumhuriyetin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u201d denilmektedir. Buna g\u00f6re temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere s\u0131n\u0131rlama getiren d\u00fczenlemelerin kanunla yap\u0131lmas\u0131, Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebine uygun ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
22. Bu kapsamda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlamaya y\u00f6nelik bir kanuni d\u00fczenlemenin \u015feklen var olmas\u0131 yeterli olmay\u0131p kurallar\u0131n keyf\u00eeli\u011fe izin vermeyecek \u015fekilde belirli, ula\u015f\u0131labilir ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir d\u00fczenlemeler niteli\u011finde olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
23. Esasen temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri s\u0131n\u0131rlayan kanunun bu niteliklere sahip olmas\u0131 Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nan hukuk devleti ilkesinin de bir gere\u011fidir. Hukuk devletinde kanuni d\u00fczenlemelerin hem ki\u015filer hem de idare y\u00f6n\u00fcnden herhangi bir duraksamaya ve ku\u015fkuya yer vermeyecek \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k, net, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r, uygulanabilir ve nesnel olmas\u0131, ayr\u0131ca kamu otoritelerinin keyf\u00ee uygulamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu \u00f6nlem i\u00e7ermesi gerekir. Kanunda bulunmas\u0131 gereken bu nitelikler hukuki g\u00fcvenli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da zorunludur. Zira bu ilke hukuk normlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131, bireylerin t\u00fcm eylem ve i\u015flemlerinde devlete g\u00fcven duyabilmesini, devletin de yasal d\u00fczenlemelerinde bu g\u00fcven duygusunu zedeleyici y\u00f6ntemlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lar (AYM, E.2015\/41, K.2017\/98, 4\/5\/2017, \u00a7\u00a7 153, 154). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde s\u0131n\u0131rlama \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc olarak belirtilen kanunilik, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nan hukuk devleti ilkesi \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yorumlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
24. Kuralda hangi su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbmiyetin veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131na engel oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmi\u015ftir. Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kural\u0131n belirli, ula\u015f\u0131labilir ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir nitelikte oldu\u011fu ve bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle kanunilik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
25. \u00d6te yandan s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n me\u015fru bir amaca dayanmas\u0131 gerekir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 49. maddelerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in herhangi bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama nedeni belirtilmemi\u015f olmakla birlikte \u00f6zel s\u0131n\u0131rlama nedeni \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f haklar\u0131n da o hakk\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan baz\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu kabul edilmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fka maddelerinde yer alan hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler ile devlete y\u00fcklenen \u00f6devler, \u00f6zel s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebi g\u00f6sterilmemi\u015f hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere s\u0131n\u0131r te\u015fkil edebilir (AYM, E.2018\/95, K.2023\/221, 27\/12\/2023, \u00a7 45).<\/p>\n
26. Veteriner hekimler vazifeleri itibar\u0131yla hem hayvan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131nda hem de hayvanlardan elde edilen g\u0131dalar\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131nda ve hayvanlardan insanlara bula\u015fabilen hastal\u0131klar\u0131n kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol oynar. Veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin rol\u00fc ve \u00f6nemi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde mesle\u011fin icras\u0131na getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131n mesle\u011fin onur ve itibar\u0131n\u0131 korumak oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. Mesle\u011fin onur ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla, baz\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n bu mesle\u011fi icra etmesinin yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131n anayasal y\u00f6nden me\u015fru bir amaca dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanaatine var\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
27. Bununla birlikte kural\u0131n anayasal ba\u011flamda me\u015fru bir amac\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 yeterli olmay\u0131p s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi ise elveri\u015flilik, gereklilik ve orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 alt ilkeden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Elveri\u015flilik \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131n\u0131, gereklilik ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n zorunlu olmas\u0131n\u0131, orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k ise hakka getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlama ile ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 aras\u0131nda makul bir dengenin g\u00f6zetilmesi gereklili\u011fini ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n
28. Veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin, yer ve zaman s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n hizmet etmeyi gerektiren bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 itibar\u0131yla veteriner hekimlerin tabi olmas\u0131 gereken kanuni ve etik s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n di\u011fer pek \u00e7ok meslekten daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ve kat\u0131 \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ola\u011fan kabul edilmelidir. Nitekim kuralda da veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in bir k\u0131s\u0131m su\u00e7tan mahk\u00fbm olmama \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n getirildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle kuralla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n, veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin onur ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan elveri\u015fli oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
29. Kuralda veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131na engel oldu\u011fu belirtilen su\u00e7lar\u0131n niteli\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde, bunlar\u0131 i\u015fleyenlerin veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131ndan yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131n kanun koyucunun takdir yetkisi kapsam\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6rebilece\u011fi bir tedbir oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Bu sebeple kural\u0131n veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin onur ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik amac\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan gerekli olma \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
30. Di\u011fer yandan s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n orant\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ortaya konulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu itibarla veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011fine ili\u015fkin onur ve itibar\u0131n korunmas\u0131na dair tedbirler sonucunda veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra etmek isteyenlerin y\u00fcklendi\u011fi k\u00fclfet ile hak ve menfaatleri aras\u0131nda adil bir dengenin kurulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra etmek isteyenlere a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklenip y\u00fcklenmedi\u011finin denetiminde kuralla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n s\u00fcresiz bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya hekimlik mesle\u011fini yeniden icra edebilmeyi sa\u011flayan bir yol bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
31. 5352 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 13\/A maddesinde yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumu d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan maddenin gerek\u00e7esinde 5237 sa\u00ady\u0131\u00adl\u0131 Ka\u00adnu\u00adn d\u0131\u00ad\u015f\u0131n\u00adda\u00adki \u00e7e\u00ad\u015fit\u00adli ka\u00adnun\u00adlar\u00adda\u00adki ka\u00ads\u0131t\u00adl\u0131 bir su\u00e7\u00adtan do\u00adla\u00ady\u0131 be\u00adlir\u00adli s\u00fc\u00adrey\u00adle ha\u00adpis ce\u00adza\u00ads\u0131\u00adna ve\u00adya bel\u00adli su\u00e7\u00adlar\u00addan do\u00adla\u00ady\u0131 bir ce\u00adza\u00adya mah\u00adk\u00fbm olan ki\u00ad\u015fi\u00adle\u00adrin s\u00fc\u00adre\u00adsiz ola\u00adrak kul\u00adlan\u00admak\u00adtan ya\u00adsak\u00adlan\u00add\u0131k\u00adla\u00adr\u0131 hak\u00adla\u00adr\u0131 tek\u00adrar kul\u00adla\u00adna\u00adbil\u00adme\u00adle\u00adri\u00adne imk\u00e2n ta\u00adn\u0131\u00adyan bir d\u00fc\u00adzen\u00adle\u00adme ya\u00adp\u0131l\u00adma\u00ads\u0131\u00adna ih\u00adti\u00adya\u00e7 du\u00adyuldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu kapsamda\u00ad an\u0131lan madde uyar\u0131nca, yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilebilmesi i\u00e7in 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 53. maddesinin be\u015finci ve alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131 sakl\u0131 kalmak kayd\u0131yla, mahk\u00fbm olunan cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131, ki\u015finin infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememesi ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi h\u00e2lli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaatin olu\u015fmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir (AYM, E.2023\/80, K.2024\/142, 23\/7\/2024, \u00a7 29).<\/p>\n
32. S\u00fcresiz hak yoksunlu\u011funun olu\u015fturdu\u011fu sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc amac\u0131yla getirilen yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumunun, anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011fini yeniden icra etmelerine imk\u00e2n sa\u011flay\u0131p sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususu, kuralla ki\u015filere a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklenip y\u00fcklenmedi\u011finin tespitinde \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
33. Kural uyar\u0131nca anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n \u00f6zel muayenehane b\u00fcnyesinde veya serbest olarak veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra etmelerinin s\u00fcresiz olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlanmakla beraber yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi karar\u0131yla birlikte belirtilen yerlerde veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir engel bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (hekimlik mesle\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden benzer de\u011ferlendirme i\u00e7in bkz. AYM, E.2023\/80, K.2024\/142, 23\/7\/2024, \u00a7 31). Bu kapsamda, yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilebilmesi i\u00e7in mahk\u00fbm olunan cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131, ki\u015finin infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememesi ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi h\u00e2lli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaatin olu\u015fmas\u0131 \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fiye a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 k\u00fclfet y\u00fckleyip y\u00fcklemedi\u011finin de ayr\u0131ca de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
34. Bu ba\u011flamda infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren ge\u00e7mesi gereken \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre \u015fart\u0131yla veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin \u00f6zel muayenehane b\u00fcnyesinde veya serbest olarak icras\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresiz olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrenin veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin niteli\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde makul ve orant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (hekimlik mesle\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden benzer de\u011ferlendirme i\u00e7in bkz. AYM, E.2023\/80, K.2024\/142, 23\/7\/2024, \u00a7 32).<\/p>\n
35. \u00d6te yandan yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememe ve hayat\u0131n iyi h\u00e2lli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede kanaatin olu\u015fmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131 arand\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu konuda h\u00e2kimin takdir yetkisi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bununla beraber iyi h\u00e2lin belirlenmesinde \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7un i\u015flenmemesinin etkili oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde h\u00e2kime s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir takdir yetkisinin verilmedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kald\u0131 ki anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n niteli\u011fi, toplumda olu\u015fturdu\u011fu etki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak kararda h\u00e2kime verilen takdir yetkisinin veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin onur ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131na hizmet edece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r (hekimlik mesle\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden benzer de\u011ferlendirme i\u00e7in bkz. AYM, E.2023\/80, K.2024\/142, 23\/7\/2024, \u00a7\u00a7 33, 34).<\/p>\n
36. Bu itibarla kuralla anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011fini \u00f6zel muayenehane b\u00fcnyesinde veya serbest olarak icra etmeleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bir hak yoksunlu\u011fu getirilmekte ise de yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumuyla bu hak yoksunlu\u011funun esas\u0131nda s\u00fcresiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu s\u00fcrenin yeni kurumla birlikte di\u011fer \u015fartlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131lla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlara a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklemedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (hekimlik mesle\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden benzer de\u011ferlendirme i\u00e7in bkz. AYM, E.2023\/80, K.2024\/142, 23\/7\/2024, \u00a7 35).<\/p>\n
37. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 48. ve 49. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130tiraz\u0131n reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Engin YILDIRIM, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e ve Kenan YA\u015eAR bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 20. maddesine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 48. ve 49. maddeleri kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 20. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
IV. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
9\/3\/1954 tarihli ve 6343 say\u0131l\u0131 Veteriner Hekimli\u011fi Mesle\u011finin \u0130cras\u0131na, T\u00fcrk Veteriner Hekimleri Birli\u011fi ile Odalar\u0131n\u0131n Te\u015fekk\u00fcl Tarz\u0131na ve G\u00f6rece\u011fi \u0130\u015flere Dair Kanun\u2019un 23\/1\/2008 tarihli ve 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 181. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 6. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinde yer alan \u201c…Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar,…\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve itiraz\u0131n REDD\u0130NE, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Engin YILDIRIM, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e ile Kenan YA\u015eAR\u2019\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131oylar\u0131 ve OY\u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA 23\/7\/2024 tarihinde karar verildi.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/p>\n
1. Ki\u015finin i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 h\u00fckmedilen hapis cezas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK\u2019n\u0131n 53\/1e,2. maddesi gere\u011fi cezas\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131 tamamlan\u0131ncaya kadar mesle\u011fini yapamama y\u00f6n\u00fcnde hak yoksunlu\u011fu uygulanacakt\u0131r. Bundan ayr\u0131ca \u0130ncelemeye konu 6343 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 6. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n a bendindeki \u201cAnayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u201d ibaresi uyar\u0131nca, an\u0131lan su\u00e7lardan birini kasten i\u015fleyen ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131ndan s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle bu durumdaki veteriner hekimler \u00f6m\u00fcr boyunca \u00f6zel muayene a\u00e7\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015famayacaklar\u0131 gibi ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda da veteriner hekim olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015famayacaklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2. \u00c7o\u011funluk gerek\u00e7esinde incelenen kurala kar\u015f\u0131n 5332 say\u0131l\u0131 Adli Sicil Kanununun 13\/A maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumu ile birlikte incelenerek, an\u0131lan yasal yol gere\u011fi anayasal d\u00fczene kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7tan mahkum olanlar\u0131n cezalar\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131ndan sonra \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mesi ve mahkemenin bu s\u00fcrede hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi halli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc konusunda olumlu kanaate varmas\u0131 durumunda hak yoksunlu\u011funun kalkaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden hareket edilmi\u015f ve bu gerek\u00e7elerle kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. Bu konunun de\u011ferlendirilebilmesi i\u00e7in ilgili kanunlar\u0131n d\u00fczenlenme tarihleriyle birlikte anlam ve kapsamlar\u0131na g\u00f6z at\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Adli Sicil Kanununun 13\/A maddesi, 6.12.2006 tarihli ve 5560 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 38. maddesiyle 5332 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanuna eklenmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu ise 1 Haziran 2005 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir. \u00d6te yandan 6343 say\u0131l\u0131 Veteriner Hekimli\u011fi Mesle\u011finin \u0130cras\u0131na; T\u00fcrk Veteriner Hekimleri Birli\u011fi ile Odalar\u0131n\u0131n Te\u015fekk\u00fcl Tarz\u0131na ve G\u00f6rece\u011fi \u0130\u015flere Dair Kanunun veterinerlik mesle\u011fini yapmaya hak kazananlara hak yoksunlu\u011funu d\u00fczenleyen 6. maddesi ise 23.1.2008 tarihli ve 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 181. maddesiyle d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere veteriner hekimlere hak yoksunlu\u011funu getiren \u00f6zel d\u00fczenleme, gerek TCK ve gerekse Adli Sicil Kanununun 13\/A maddesinden sonra, ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle ilgili kurallar bilinerek d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle incelenen kural veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011fine ili\u015fkin \u00f6zel d\u00fczenleme niteli\u011findedir.<\/p>\n
4. \u0130ncelenen 6\/1-a madde ve bendinin ilk c\u00fcmlesi \u201cT\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53. maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile\u201d ibaresiyle ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece Kanun koyucunun bu \u00f6zel d\u00fczenleme ile an\u0131lan bentte say\u0131lan su\u00e7lar ve bu arada anayasal d\u00fczene kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen su\u00e7lardan mahkumiyet halinde s\u00fcresiz bir hak yoksunlu\u011fu \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sonucunun \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
5. \u015e\u00fcphesiz kamu g\u00f6revinde istihdam edileceklerle ilgili s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar me\u015fru ama\u00e7lar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ayr\u0131ca de\u011ferlendirilebilir. Bununla birlikte kanunla bir meslek mensubunun \u00f6zel ya\u015fam\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kazanma imkan\u0131ndan s\u00fcresiz olarak yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n demokratik toplumda gereklili\u011fi ve orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 hale gelecek ve bu durumun Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 48, 49. maddeleriyle ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 olabilecektir. Nitekim AYM\u2019nin 2008\/17 E., 2010\/44 K. say\u0131l\u0131 ve 25.2.2010 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda benzer de\u011ferlendirmelerle 28. maddedeki bir k\u0131s\u0131m su\u00e7larla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak iptal karar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. \u0130ptal gerek\u00e7esinde, kuraldaki d\u00fczenlemelerde meslek veya g\u00f6revlerin \u00f6zellikleri, su\u00e7lar\u0131n ve cezalar\u0131n niteli\u011fi, cezalar miktar\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n ve bir kademelendirme yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n eylemle orant\u0131s\u0131z bir hak yoksunlu\u011fu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesinin adaletli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hukuk devleti ilkesiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Benzer de\u011ferlendirmeler Mahkemenin 2008\/80 E., 2011\/81 K., 18.5.2011 ile 2012\/61 E., 2012\/135 K., 27.9.2012 tarih ve say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda da yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan belirtilen iptal gerek\u00e7elerine kar\u015f\u0131n kamu g\u00f6revlileri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Dan\u0131\u015ftay kararlar\u0131nda Adli Sicil Kanununun 13\/A maddesindeki s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7se ve yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n iadesine karar verilse dahi 657 say\u0131l\u0131 DMK\u2019nun 48. maddesi uyar\u0131nca an\u0131lan maddede say\u0131lan su\u00e7lardan mahkum olanlar\u0131n devlet memurlu\u011funa girmelerinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir (bkz. Dan\u0131\u015ftay \u0130DDK 27.6.2022, E. 2022\/1141, K. 2022\/2318; 5.10.2023, E. 2023\/444, K. 2023\/1833).<\/p>\n
6. \u00d6te yandan \u00e7o\u011funluk gerek\u00e7esindeki gibi 5332 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 13\/A maddesindeki d\u00fczenlemenin buna istisna olu\u015fturdu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmekteyse, bu \u00f6zel d\u00fczenlemede bu hususun da belirtilmesi gerekirdi. Kural\u0131n bu d\u00fczenleni\u015f bi\u00e7imi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ihtilafl\u0131 yorum veya i\u00e7tihatlarla bu imkan\u0131n tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirmeler, kanundaki belirsizli\u011fi ve kalite sorununu a\u015fmaya yeterli olmayacakt\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr de\u011ferlendirmeler uygulaman\u0131n gelecekte aksi y\u00f6nde geli\u015fmesini \u00f6nleme g\u00fcvencesini ta\u015f\u0131mamaktad\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131m hukuki gerek\u00e7eler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda incelenen kural\u0131n iptal edilmesi gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndeyim.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY<\/p>\n
\u0130tiraz konusu kurala ili\u015fkin E.2023\/80, K.2024\/142 say\u0131l\u0131 dosyada belirtti\u011fimiz gerek\u00e7elerle \u00e7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne i\u015ftirak edilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/p>\n
1. Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun 9\/3\/1954 tarihli ve 6343 say\u0131l\u0131 Veteriner Hekimli\u011fi Mesle\u011finin \u0130cras\u0131na, T\u00fcrk Veteriner Hekimleri Birli\u011fi ile Odalar\u0131n\u0131n Te\u015fekk\u00fcl Tarz\u0131na ve G\u00f6rece\u011fi \u0130\u015flere Dair Kanun\u2019un 23\/1\/2008 tarihli ve 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 181. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 6. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinin \u201cT\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile;\u2026\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile \u201c\u2026Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u2026\u201d ve \u201c\u2026hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmak.\u201d ibarelerinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin kanaatine kat\u0131lmamaktay\u0131m.<\/p>\n
2. Dava konusu ibarelerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 6. maddesinde veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in baz\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahkum olmamak say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup bunlar i\u00e7erisinde birinci f\u0131krada T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun 53. maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7tan hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmamak da yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmede kuralla veteriner hekimlik i\u00e7in bir hak yoksunlu\u011fu getirilmekte ise de yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumuyla bu hak yoksunlu\u011funun esas\u0131nda s\u00fcresiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu s\u00fcrenin yeni kurumla birlikte di\u011fer ko\u015fullar\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131lla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu s\u00fcrenin de veteriner mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlara a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklemedi\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015farak kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 48. ve 49. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Bkz.: \u00a7\u00a7 36-37).<\/p>\n
4. \u00d6ncelikle ifade etmek gerekir kural kamu veya \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 yapmaks\u0131z\u0131n veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Ancak veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7tan hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm edilmi\u015f olmak \u015fart\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan kural gere\u011fi bu su\u00e7tan mahkumiyetin bir sonucu olarak ki\u015fi veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131 herhangi bir s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiremeyecektir.<\/p>\n
5. Veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131n bu \u015fekilde s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funluk karar\u0131nda ifade edildi\u011fi bi\u00e7imde me\u015fru bir amaca dayan\u0131r olsa bile dava konusu kural bu t\u00fcr mahkumiyet alan veteriner hekimler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 49. maddelerinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131na \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirmektedir.<\/p>\n
6. Nitekim bu minvalde yap\u0131lan bir bireysel ba\u015fvuruda Anayasa Mahkemesi g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanmak su\u00e7undan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak ba\u015fvurucunun hekimlik mesle\u011findeki hak ve yetkilerini kullanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu yasaklanmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine karar vermi\u015ftir (Bkz.: Ahmet G\u00f6deo\u011flu, B. No: 2018\/28616, 17\/11\/2021, \u00a7\u00a7 45-52).<\/p>\n
7. Her ne kadar bireysel ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131ndaki bu gerek\u00e7eyi Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu bu kararda revize ederek dava konusu kuralla veteriner hekimlik i\u00e7in bir hak yoksunlu\u011fu getirilmekte ise de yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumuyla bu hak yoksunlu\u011funun esas\u0131nda s\u00fcresiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu s\u00fcrenin yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumuyla birlikte di\u011fer ko\u015fullar\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131lla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u00fcrenin veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlara a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklemedi\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir (Bkz.: \u00a7 36). Bununla birlikte kanaatimizce burada veteriner hekimlerin an\u0131lan haklar\u0131na yine de \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir m\u00fcdahale s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n
8. Somut kural ba\u011flam\u0131nda veteriner hekimlerin hak yoksunlu\u011fu, as\u0131l cezan\u0131n \u00e7ektirilmesi sonras\u0131nda 25\/5\/2005 tarih ve 5352 say\u0131l\u0131 Adli Sicil Kanunu\u2019na 6\/12\/2006 tarih ve 5560 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7e\u015fitli Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Kanun’un 38. maddesiyle eklenen 13\/A maddesinde yeniden d\u00fczenlenen yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi yolu i\u015fletilerek mahk\u00fbm olunan cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131, ki\u015finin infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememesi ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi halli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaatin olu\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda kald\u0131r\u0131labilmektedir.<\/p>\n
9. Bununla birlikte ifade etmek gerekir ki yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi otomatik bi\u00e7imde i\u015fleyen ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen bu \u00fc\u00e7 \u015fart\u0131n birlikte ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi durumunda her halde olumlu sonu\u00e7 al\u0131nabilen etkili bir yol \u015feklinde sonu\u00e7 vermeye m\u00fcsait olmaktan uzakt\u0131r. Zira Kanun\u2019daki d\u00fczenleni\u015f bi\u00e7iminde de \u201ckanunlar\u0131n belli bir su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 veya belli bir cezaya mahk\u00fbmiyete ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hak yoksunluklar\u0131n\u0131n giderilebilmesi i\u00e7in\u201d yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi yoluna gidilebilece\u011fi ifade edilmektedir. Ek olarak, buradaki \u201cgidilebilece\u011fi\u201d \u015feklindeki ifade mahkum olan ki\u015fiye y\u00f6nelik olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa dahi bu konuda verilecek kararda bu \u00fc\u00e7 \u015fart\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde yer alan \u201chayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi halli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaat olu\u015fmas\u0131\u201d \u015feklinde hakime takdir yetkisi tan\u0131yan bir ibare bulundu\u011fu dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
10. Elbette hakimlerin takdirlerini Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 138. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda da vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere \u201cAnayasaya, kanuna ve hukuka uygun olarak vicdani kanaatlerine g\u00f6re\u201d kullanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Ancak di\u011fer iki \u015fart olan cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve ki\u015finin infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememesi gibi net \u015fartlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ra\u011fmen yine de \u201chayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi halli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaat olu\u015fmas\u0131\u201d \u015fart\u0131na yer verilmesi uygulamada takdire ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak olumsuz sonu\u00e7lar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n ihtimal dahilinde oldu\u011funu akla getirmektedir.<\/p>\n
11. Uygulamada yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi yoluna ba\u015fvuruldu\u011funda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan kimi olumsuz \u00f6rnekler de bu endi\u015feyi hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmakta olup bu durum dava konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya uygunluk denetiminde bu hususun da dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Zira burada takdire ba\u011fl\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131n, uygulamada kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan kimi \u00f6rneklerde de g\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011fi \u00fczere bu hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 etkisizle\u015ftirebilece\u011finden kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya uygunluk denetiminde bu hususun da g\u00f6zden uzak tutulmamas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
12. Nitekim Anayasa Mahkemesine yap\u0131lan bir bireysel ba\u015fvuruda verilen ihlal karar\u0131 bu konudaki uygulaman\u0131n nas\u0131l amac\u0131na uygun sonu\u00e7 vermedi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu cezalara ili\u015fkin kararlar\u0131n kesinle\u015fip yerine getirildi\u011fi, infaz tarihlerinin \u00fczerinden 16 y\u0131la yak\u0131n bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7ti\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek kanunda belirtilen \u015fartlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini iddia eden ba\u015fvurucu asliye ceza mahkemesinden memnu haklar\u0131n iadesi talebinde bulunmu\u015ftur. Bunun \u00fczerine derece mahkemelerince hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi halli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda yeterli kanaat olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan talebi yerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. Yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvuru \u00fczerine Anayasa Mahkemesi, ba\u015fvurucunun ayr\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131k bir yan\u0131t verilmesini gerektiren ve talebinin kabul edilebilmesine neden olabilecek nitelikte olan “hakk\u0131ndaki cezalar\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren 16 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f oldu\u011funa” dair iddias\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ve kar\u015f\u0131lanmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fvurucunun Anayasa’n\u0131n 36. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki gerek\u00e7eli karar hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlali olarak de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir (Bkz.: M\u00fcmtaz Bekci, B. No: 2014\/16269, 8\/11\/2017, \u00a7\u00a7 29-31).<\/p>\n
13. Ek olarak bahse konu mesle\u011fin veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011fi oldu\u011fu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutuldu\u011funda yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi yoluna ancak as\u0131l cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l ge\u00e7tikten sonra ba\u015fvurulabilmesi de \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc daha net bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6stermektedir. Zira ki\u015fi zaten as\u0131l cezay\u0131 \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. Buna ra\u011fmen veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mesini beklemek veteriner hekimlerin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 49. maddelerinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahaleyi daha da \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz hale sokacakt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla as\u0131l cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131yla birlikte veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen g\u00fcvenlik tedbirinin sona ermemesi somut kural ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc daha da belirginle\u015ftirmektedir.<\/p>\n
14. Bu nedenle infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan sonraki ge\u00e7mesi gereken \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bekleme s\u00fcresi ile ilgili olarak \u00e7o\u011funluk karar\u0131ndaki \u201c\u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre \u015fart\u0131yla veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin \u00f6zel muayenehane b\u00fcnyesinde veya serbest olarak icras\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresiz olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrenin veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin niteli\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde makul ve orant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu\u201d (\u00a7 34) bi\u00e7imindeki gerek\u00e7eye de kat\u0131lmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
15. Sonu\u00e7 olarak yukar\u0131da s\u0131ralanan gerek\u00e7eyle 9\/3\/1954 tarihli ve 6343 say\u0131l\u0131 Veteriner Hekimli\u011fi Mesle\u011finin \u0130cras\u0131na, T\u00fcrk Veteriner Hekimleri Birli\u011fi ile Odalar\u0131n\u0131n Te\u015fekk\u00fcl Tarz\u0131na ve G\u00f6rece\u011fi \u0130\u015flere Dair Kanun\u2019un 23\/1\/2008 tarihli ve 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 181. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 6. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinde yer alan \u201c\u2026Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u2026\u201d ibaresinin ki\u015filerin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 49. maddelerinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahaleyi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz hale getirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 48. ve 49. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fundan iptali gerekti\u011fi kanaatiyle Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun aksi y\u00f6ndeki karar\u0131na kat\u0131lmamaktay\u0131m.<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00a0Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi 23\/7\/2024 tarihinde E.2023\/80 numaral\u0131 dosyada 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Tababet ve \u015euabat\u0131 San’atlar\u0131n\u0131n Tarz\u0131 \u0130cras\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 25. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 28. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u2026Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar,\u2026\u201d ibaresinin ve E.2024\/96 numaral\u0131 dosyada 6343 say\u0131l\u0131 Veteriner Hekimli\u011fi Mesle\u011finin \u0130cras\u0131na, T\u00fcrk Veteriner Hekimleri Birli\u011fi ile Odalar\u0131n\u0131n Te\u015fekk\u00fcl Tarz\u0131na ve G\u00f6rece\u011fi \u0130\u015flere Dair Kanun\u2019un 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 181. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 6. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinde yer alan \u201c…Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar,…\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u0130tiraz Konusu Kural<\/p>\n
\u0130tiraz konusu kurallarda, anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan herhangi birinden mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n hekimlik ve veteriner hekimlik mesleklerinin icras\u0131ndan yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvuru Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvuru kararlar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle; itiraz konusu kurallarla anayasal d\u00fczene kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olan hekim ve veteriner hekimlerin s\u00fcresiz bir \u015fekilde mesle\u011fini icra etmesinin engellendi\u011fi, bu durumun \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesini isteme hakk\u0131na \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir m\u00fcdahale olu\u015fturdu\u011fu belirtilerek kurallar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Mahkemenin De\u011ferlendirmesi<\/p>\n
Hekimlik ve veteriner hekimlik mesleklerinin ili\u015fkin onur ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na dair tedbirler sonucunda bu meslekleri icra etmek isteyenlerin y\u00fcklendi\u011fi k\u00fclfet ile hak ve menfaatleri aras\u0131nda adil bir dengenin kurulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda, an\u0131lan meslekleri icra etmek isteyenlere a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklenip y\u00fcklenmedi\u011finin denetiminde kurallarla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n s\u00fcresiz bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya bu meslekleri yeniden icra edebilmeyi sa\u011flayan hukuki bir \u00e7arenin olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. S\u00fcresiz hak yoksunlu\u011funun olu\u015fturdu\u011fu sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc amac\u0131yla 5352 say\u0131l\u0131 Adli Sicil Kanunu\u2019nun 13\/A maddesiyle getirilen yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumunun, anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n hekimlik ve veteriner hekimlik mesleklerini yeniden icra etmelerine imk\u00e2n sa\u011flay\u0131p sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususu, kurallarla ki\u015filere a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklenip y\u00fcklenmedi\u011finin tespiti bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
\u0130tiraz konusu kurallar ile anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n \u00f6zel kurulu\u015flar b\u00fcnyesinde veya serbest olarak hekimlik ve veteriner hekimlik mesleklerini icra etmelerinin s\u00fcresiz olarak k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, bununla beraber yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumuyla bu mesleklerin icras\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilece\u011fi \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir engel olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kapsamda, yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilebilmesi i\u00e7in mahk\u00fbm olunan cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131, ki\u015finin infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememesi ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi h\u00e2lli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaatin olu\u015fmas\u0131 \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fiye a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 k\u00fclfet y\u00fckleyip y\u00fcklemedi\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Bu ba\u011flamda infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren ge\u00e7mesi gereken \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre \u015fart\u0131yla itiraz davalar\u0131na konu kurallarda belirtilen mesleklerin \u00f6zel kurulu\u015flar b\u00fcnyesinde veya serbest olarak icras\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresiz olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrenin bu mesleklerin niteli\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde makul ve orant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememe ve hayat\u0131n iyi h\u00e2lli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede kanaatin olu\u015fmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131 arand\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu konuda h\u00e2kimin takdir yetkisi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bununla beraber iyi h\u00e2lin belirlenmesinde \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7un i\u015flenmemesinin etkili oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde h\u00e2kime s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir takdir yetkisinin verilmedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kald\u0131 ki anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n niteli\u011fi, toplumda olu\u015fturdu\u011fu etki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, an\u0131lan mesleklerin icras\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak kararda h\u00e2kime verilen takdir yetkisinin bu mesleklerin onur ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131na hizmet edece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu de\u011ferlendirmeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n \u00f6zel kurulu\u015flar b\u00fcnyesinde veya serbest olarak hekimlik ve veteriner hekimlik mesleklerini icra etmeleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bir hak yoksunlu\u011fu getirilmekte ise de yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumuyla birlikte bu hak yoksunlu\u011funun esas\u0131nda s\u00fcresiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bu s\u00fcrenin yeni kurumla birlikte di\u011fer ko\u015fullar\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131lla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve s\u00f6z konusu mesleklerin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlara a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklemedi\u011fi kanaatine var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Anayasa Mahkemesi a\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle kurallar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir.\u00a0<\/p>\n
——–<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2023\/80<\/p>\n
Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/142<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi : 23\/7\/2024<\/p>\n
R.G.Tarih-Say\u0131 : 10\/12\/2024-32748<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: \u0130stanbul B\u00f6lge \u0130dare Mahkemesi 7. \u0130dari Dava Dairesi<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 11\/4\/1928 tarihli ve 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Tababet ve \u015euabat\u0131 San’atlar\u0131n\u0131n Tarz\u0131 \u0130cras\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un 23\/1\/2008 tarihli ve 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 25. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 28. maddesinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 20. ve 49. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptaline karar verilmesi talebidir.<\/p>\n
OLAY: \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma izni talebinin reddine ili\u015fkin i\u015flemin iptali istemiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davada itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN VE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 G\u00d6R\u00dcLEN KANUN H\u00dcK\u00dcMLER\u0130<\/p>\n
A. \u0130ptali \u0130stenen Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fc<\/p>\n
Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu 28. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cMadde 28 \u2013 (De\u011fi\u015fik: 23\/1\/2008-5728\/25 md.) <\/p>\n
Hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in; T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile; kasten i\u015flenen bir su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 be\u015f y\u0131l veya daha fazla s\u00fcreyle ya da devletin g\u00fcvenli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar, Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar, (\u2026) zimmet, irtik\u00e2p, r\u00fc\u015fvet, h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k, doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, sahtecilik, g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma, hileli iflas, ihaleye fesat kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, edimin ifas\u0131na fesat kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, su\u00e7tan kaynaklanan malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlerini aklama veya ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmamak gerekir.<\/p>\n
\u0130cray\u0131 sanat etmesine mani ve gayr\u0131kabili \u015fifa bir maraz\u0131 akl\u0131 ile malul oldu\u011fu bilmuayene tebeyy\u00fcn eden tabipler, Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n teklifi ve Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Y\u00fcksek Disiplin Kurulu karar\u0131yla icray\u0131 sanattan menolunur ve diplomalar\u0131 geri al\u0131n\u0131r. <\/p>\n
\u00a0(Ek f\u0131kra: 15\/8\/2017-KHK-694\/5 md.; Aynen kabul: 1\/2\/2018-7078\/5 md.) Mill\u00ee Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Jandarma ve Sahil G\u00fcvenlik Akademisi nam ve hesab\u0131na t\u0131p fak\u00fcltelerinde okuyan tabip subaylardan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck s\u00fcresini tamamlamadan mahkeme veya disiplin kurulu karar\u0131na dayan\u0131larak ili\u015fi\u011fi kesilenler, kalan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck s\u00fcresince hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra edemezler.\u201d<\/p>\n
B. \u0130lgili G\u00f6r\u00fclen Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fc<\/p>\n
25\/5\/2005 tarihli ve 5352 say\u0131l\u0131 Adl\u00ee Sicil Kanunu\u2019nun 13\/A maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201c(1) 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki kanunlar\u0131n belli bir su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 veya belli bir cezaya mahk\u00fbmiyete ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hak yoksunluklar\u0131n\u0131n giderilebilmesi i\u00e7in, yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi yoluna gidilebilir. Bunun i\u00e7in; T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinin be\u015finci ve alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131 sakl\u0131 kalmak kayd\u0131yla, <\/p>\n
a) Mahk\u00fbm olunan cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131, <\/p>\n
b) Ki\u015finin bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi halli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaat olu\u015fmas\u0131, <\/p>\n
gerekir.\u201d<\/p>\n
II. \u0130LK \u0130NCELEME<\/p>\n
1. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Z\u00fcht\u00fc ARSLAN, Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Engin YILDIRIM, M. Emin KUZ, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, Basri BA\u011eCI, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR ve Muhterem \u0130NCE\u2019nin kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 4\/5\/2023 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikle uygulanacak kural ve s\u0131n\u0131rlama sorunlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
2. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 152. ile 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 40. maddelerine g\u00f6re bir davaya bakmakta olan mahkeme, o dava sebebiyle uygulanacak bir kanunun veya Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesinin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6rmesi h\u00e2linde veya taraflardan birinin ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k iddias\u0131n\u0131n ciddi oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varmas\u0131 durumunda bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin iptali i\u00e7in Anayasa Mahkemesine ba\u015fvurmaya yetkilidir. Ancak an\u0131lan maddeler uyar\u0131nca bir mahkemenin Anayasa Mahkemesine ba\u015fvurabilmesi i\u00e7in elinde y\u00f6ntemince a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve mahkemenin g\u00f6rev kapsam\u0131na giren bir davan\u0131n bulunmas\u0131, iptali talep edilen kural\u0131n da o davada uygulanacak olmas\u0131 gerekir. Uygulanacak kural ise bak\u0131lmakta olan davan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik evrelerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde veya davay\u0131 sonu\u00e7land\u0131rmada olumlu ya da olumsuz y\u00f6nde etki yapacak nitelikteki kurallard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu 28. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in 26\/9\/2004 tarihli ve 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun 53. maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile; kasten i\u015flenen bir su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 be\u015f y\u0131l veya daha fazla s\u00fcreyle ya da devletin g\u00fcvenli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar, anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar, zimmet, irtik\u00e2p, r\u00fc\u015fvet, h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k, doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, sahtecilik, g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma, hileli iflas, ihaleye fesat kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, edimin ifas\u0131na fesat kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, su\u00e7tan kaynaklanan mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlerini aklama veya ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmamak gerekti\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
4. Ba\u015fvuran Mahkemede g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte olan davan\u0131n konusu anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar aras\u0131nda yer alan silahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olma su\u00e7undan h\u00fck\u00fcm giyen davac\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni talebinin reddine ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
5. Bak\u0131lmakta olan davan\u0131n konusu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde itiraz konusu kural\u0131n birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u201cHekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in; T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile;\u2026\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile \u201c\u2026Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u2026.\u201d ve \u201c\u2026hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmamak gerekir.\u201d ibareleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan k\u0131sm\u0131 ile ikinci ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n bak\u0131lmakta olan davada uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kural\u0131n birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n kalan k\u0131sm\u0131 ile ikinci ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kralar\u0131na ili\u015fkin ba\u015fvurunun Mahkemenin yetkisizli\u011fi nedeniyle reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
6. \u00d6te yandan kural\u0131n birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u201cHekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in; T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile;\u2026\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile\u201c\u2026hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmamak gerekir.\u201d ibareleri, bak\u0131lmakta olan davan\u0131n konusu olan Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra dava konusu olmayan di\u011fer su\u00e7lar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de ge\u00e7erli ortak kural niteli\u011findedir. Bu itibarla an\u0131lan b\u00f6l\u00fcm ve ibarelerin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin incelemenin \u201c\u2026Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u2026\u201d ibaresiyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
7. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 25. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 28. maddesinin;<\/p>\n
A. Birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n;<\/p>\n
1. \u201cHekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in; T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile;\u2026\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile \u201c\u2026Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u2026.\u201d ve \u201c\u2026hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmamak gerekir.\u201d ibarelerinin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine, esasa ili\u015fkin incelemenin \u201c\u2026Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u2026\u201d ibaresi ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131na,<\/p>\n
2. Kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n itiraz ba\u015fvurusunda bulunan Mahkemenin bakmakta oldu\u011fu davada uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, bu k\u0131sma ili\u015fkin ba\u015fvurunun Mahkemenin yetkisizli\u011fi nedeniyle REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
B. \u0130kinci ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kralar\u0131n itiraz ba\u015fvurusunda bulunan Mahkemenin bakmakta oldu\u011fu davada uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, bu f\u0131kralara ili\u015fkin ba\u015fvurunun Mahkemenin yetkisizli\u011fi nedeniyle REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. ESASIN \u0130NCELENMES\u0130<\/p>\n
8. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131 ve ekleri, Raport\u00f6r Ahmet CANPOLAT taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan i\u015fin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin rapor, itiraz konusu kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc, dayan\u0131lan ve ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fclen Anayasa kurallar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n gerek\u00e7eleri ile di\u011fer yasama belgeleri okunup incelendikten sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. Anlam ve Kapsam<\/p>\n
9. 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli \u015fartlar d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. \u0130tiraz konusu kuralda anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 53. maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra edemeyecekleri belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
10. 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un \u00d6zel H\u00fck\u00fcmler kitab\u0131n\u0131n D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc K\u0131sm\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 309 il\u00e2 316. maddelerinden olu\u015fan Be\u015finci B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar; Anayasa\u2019y\u0131 ihlal, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019na suikast ve fiil\u00ee sald\u0131r\u0131, yasama organ\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7, h\u00fck\u00fbmete kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti H\u00fck\u00fbmetine kar\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 isyan, silahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct, silah sa\u011flama, su\u00e7 i\u00e7in anla\u015fma \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
11. 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 53. maddesinde ise ki\u015finin kas\u0131tl\u0131 bir su\u00e7 i\u015flemesi ve bu su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde mahk\u00fbmiyetin kesinle\u015fmesiyle ba\u015flay\u0131p hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131 tamamlan\u0131ncaya kadar devam eden hak yoksunlu\u011fu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle an\u0131lan madde uyar\u0131nca belli bir su\u00e7tan mahk\u00fbmiyete ba\u011fl\u0131 s\u00fcresiz hak yoksunlu\u011fundan s\u00f6z edilemeyece\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
12. Buna g\u00f6re anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan herhangi birini kasten i\u015fleyen ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 53. maddesi uyar\u0131nca hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131 tamamlan\u0131ncaya kadar hak yoksunlu\u011fu uygulanacakt\u0131r. \u0130tiraz konusu kuralda ise bu su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131ndan herhangi bir s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmektedir.<\/p>\n
B. \u0130tiraz\u0131n Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
13. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle; itiraz konusu kuralla anayasal d\u00fczene kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olan bir hekimin s\u00fcresiz bir \u015fekilde hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra etmesinin engellendi\u011fi, bu durumun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesini isteme hakk\u0131na \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir m\u00fcdahale olu\u015fturdu\u011fu belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 20. ve 49. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
C. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
14. 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kural, ilgisi nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 48. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
15. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n \u201c\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fcrriyeti\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 48. maddesinde \u201cHerkes, diledi\u011fi alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fcrriyetlerine sahiptir. \u00d6zel te\u015febb\u00fcsler kurmak serbesttir.\/ Devlet, \u00f6zel te\u015febb\u00fcslerin mill\u00ee ekonominin gereklerine ve sosyal ama\u00e7lara uygun y\u00fcr\u00fcmesini, g\u00fcvenlik ve kararl\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak tedbirleri al\u0131r.\u201d denilerek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
16. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 49. maddesinde de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n herkesin hakk\u0131 ve \u00f6devi oldu\u011fu, devletin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n hayat seviyesini y\u00fckseltmek, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 ve i\u015fsizleri korumak, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 desteklemek, i\u015fsizli\u011fi \u00f6nlemeye elveri\u015fli ekonomik bir ortam yaratmak ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in gerekli tedbirleri alaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
17. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, herkesin diledi\u011fi mesle\u011fi se\u00e7mede \u00f6zg\u00fcr olmas\u0131n\u0131 ve zorla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamay\u0131 ifade eder. Birey, bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak diledi\u011fi alan\u0131 ve i\u015fi se\u00e7ebilir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 ise bireyin \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradesiyle se\u00e7ti\u011fi mesle\u011fi veya i\u015fi icra etmesi, devletin de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak isteyenlere i\u015f temin etmek i\u00e7in gereken tedbirleri almas\u0131d\u0131r (AYM, E.2016\/141, K.2018\/27, 20\/2\/2018, \u00a7 16).<\/p>\n
18. Kural anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n hem \u00f6zel sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015flar\u0131nda hem de serbest olarak hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra edemeyeceklerini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmek suretiyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 49. maddelerinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirmektedir.<\/p>\n
19. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde \u201cTemel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler, \u00f6zlerine dokunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca Anayasan\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar, Anayasan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin ve l\u00e2ik Cumhuriyetin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u201d denilmektedir. Buna g\u00f6re temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere s\u0131n\u0131rlama getiren d\u00fczenlemelerin kanunla yap\u0131lmas\u0131, Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebine uygun ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
20. Bu kapsamda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlamaya y\u00f6nelik bir kanuni d\u00fczenlemenin \u015feklen var olmas\u0131 yeterli olmay\u0131p kurallar\u0131n keyf\u00eeli\u011fe izin vermeyecek \u015fekilde belirli, ula\u015f\u0131labilir ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir d\u00fczenlemeler niteli\u011finde olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
21. Esasen temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri s\u0131n\u0131rlayan kanunun bu niteliklere sahip olmas\u0131 Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nan hukuk devleti ilkesinin de bir gere\u011fidir. Hukuk devletinde kanuni d\u00fczenlemelerin hem ki\u015filer hem de idare y\u00f6n\u00fcnden herhangi bir duraksamaya ve ku\u015fkuya yer vermeyecek \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k, net, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r, uygulanabilir ve nesnel olmas\u0131, ayr\u0131ca kamu otoritelerinin keyf\u00ee uygulamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu \u00f6nlem i\u00e7ermesi gerekir. Kanunda bulunmas\u0131 gereken bu nitelikler hukuki g\u00fcvenli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da zorunludur. Zira bu ilke hukuk normlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131, bireylerin t\u00fcm eylem ve i\u015flemlerinde devlete g\u00fcven duyabilmesini, devletin de yasal d\u00fczenlemelerinde bu g\u00fcven duygusunu zedeleyici y\u00f6ntemlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lar (AYM, E.2015\/41, K.2017\/98, 4\/5\/2017, \u00a7\u00a7 153, 154). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde s\u0131n\u0131rlama \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc olarak belirtilen kanunilik, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nan hukuk devleti ilkesi \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yorumlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
22. Kuralda hangi su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbmiyetin hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131na engel oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmi\u015ftir. Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kural\u0131n belirli, ula\u015f\u0131labilir ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir nitelikte oldu\u011fu ve bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle kanunilik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
23. \u00d6te yandan s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n me\u015fru bir amaca dayanmas\u0131 gerekir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 49. maddelerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in herhangi bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama nedeni belirtilmemi\u015f olmakla birlikte \u00f6zel s\u0131n\u0131rlama nedeni \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f haklar\u0131n da o hakk\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan baz\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu kabul edilmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fka maddelerinde yer alan hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler ile devlete y\u00fcklenen \u00f6devler, \u00f6zel s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebi g\u00f6sterilmemi\u015f hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere s\u0131n\u0131r te\u015fkil edebilir (AYM, E.2018\/95, K.2023\/221, 27\/12\/2023, \u00a7 45).<\/p>\n
24. Hekimlik mesle\u011finin sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti i\u00e7indeki rol\u00fc ve \u00f6nemi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde mesle\u011fin icras\u0131na getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlanman\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131n mesle\u011fin onur ve itibar\u0131n\u0131 korumak oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. Mesle\u011fin onur ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla, baz\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n bu mesle\u011fi icra etmesinin yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131n anayasal y\u00f6nden me\u015fru bir amaca dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanaatine var\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
25. Bununla birlikte kural\u0131n anayasal ba\u011flamda me\u015fru bir amac\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 yeterli olmay\u0131p s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi ise elveri\u015flilik, gereklilik ve orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 alt ilkeden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Elveri\u015flilik \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131n\u0131, gereklilik ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n zorunlu olmas\u0131n\u0131, orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k ise hakka getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlama ile ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 aras\u0131nda makul bir dengenin g\u00f6zetilmesi gereklili\u011fini ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n
26. Hekimlik mesle\u011finin, yer ve zaman s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n toplum yarar\u0131na hizmet etmeyi gerektiren, insan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7 edinen bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 itibar\u0131yla hekimlerin tabi olmas\u0131 gereken kanuni ve etik s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n di\u011fer pek \u00e7ok meslekten daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ve kat\u0131 \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ola\u011fan kabul edilmelidir. Nitekim kuralda da hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da yer verilen bir k\u0131s\u0131m su\u00e7tan mahk\u00fbm olmama \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n getirildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle kuralla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n, hekimlik mesle\u011finin onur ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan elveri\u015fli oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
27. Kuralda hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131na engel oldu\u011fu belirtilen su\u00e7lar\u0131n niteli\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde, bunlar\u0131 i\u015fleyenlerin hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131ndan yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131n kanun koyucunun takdir yetkisi kapsam\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6rebilece\u011fi bir tedbir oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Bu sebeple kural\u0131n hekimlik mesle\u011finin onur ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik amac\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan gerekli olma \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
28. Di\u011fer yandan s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n orant\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ortaya konulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu itibarla hekimlik mesle\u011fine ili\u015fkin onur ve itibar\u0131n korunmas\u0131na dair tedbirler sonucunda hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra etmek isteyenlerin y\u00fcklendi\u011fi k\u00fclfet ile hak ve menfaatleri aras\u0131nda adil bir dengenin kurulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra etmek isteyenlere a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklenip y\u00fcklenmedi\u011finin denetiminde kuralla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n s\u00fcresiz bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya hekimlik mesle\u011fini yeniden icra edebilmeyi sa\u011flayan hukuki bir \u00e7arenin olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
29. 5352 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 13\/A maddesinde yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumu d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan maddenin gerek\u00e7esinde 5237 sa\u00ady\u0131\u00adl\u0131 Ka\u00adnu\u00adn d\u0131\u00ad\u015f\u0131n\u00adda\u00adki \u00e7e\u00ad\u015fit\u00adli ka\u00adnun\u00adlar\u00adda\u00adki ka\u00ads\u0131t\u00adl\u0131 bir su\u00e7\u00adtan do\u00adla\u00ady\u0131 be\u00adlir\u00adli s\u00fc\u00adrey\u00adle ha\u00adpis ce\u00adza\u00ads\u0131\u00adna ve\u00adya bel\u00adli su\u00e7\u00adlar\u00addan do\u00adla\u00ady\u0131 bir ce\u00adza\u00adya mah\u00adk\u00fbm olan ki\u00ad\u015fi\u00adle\u00adrin s\u00fc\u00adre\u00adsiz ola\u00adrak kul\u00adlan\u00admak\u00adtan ya\u00adsak\u00adlan\u00add\u0131k\u00adla\u00adr\u0131 hak\u00adla\u00adr\u0131 tek\u00adrar kul\u00adla\u00adna\u00adbil\u00adme\u00adle\u00adri\u00adne imk\u00e2n ta\u00adn\u0131\u00adyan bir d\u00fc\u00adzen\u00adle\u00adme ya\u00adp\u0131l\u00adma\u00ads\u0131\u00adna ih\u00adti\u00adya\u00e7 du\u00adyuldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu kapsamda\u00ad an\u0131lan madde uyar\u0131nca, yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilebilmesi i\u00e7in 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 53. maddesinin be\u015finci ve alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131 sakl\u0131 kalmak kayd\u0131yla, mahk\u00fbm olunan cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131, ki\u015finin infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememesi ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi h\u00e2lli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaatin olu\u015fmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
30. S\u00fcresiz hak yoksunlu\u011funun olu\u015fturdu\u011fu sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc amac\u0131yla getirilen yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumunun, anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n hekimlik mesle\u011fini yeniden icra etmelerine imk\u00e2n sa\u011flay\u0131p sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ki\u015filere a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklenip y\u00fcklenmedi\u011finin tespitinde \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
31. Kural uyar\u0131nca anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n \u00f6zel sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015flar\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde veya serbest olarak hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra etmelerinin s\u00fcresiz olarak k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131, bununla beraber yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi karar\u0131yla hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir engel olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda, yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilebilmesi i\u00e7in mahk\u00fbm olunan cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131, ki\u015finin infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememesi ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi h\u00e2lli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaatin olu\u015fmas\u0131 \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fiye a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 k\u00fclfet y\u00fckleyip y\u00fcklemedi\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n
32. Bu ba\u011flamda infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren ge\u00e7mesi gereken \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre \u015fart\u0131yla hekimlik mesle\u011finin \u00f6zel sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015flar\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde veya serbest olarak icras\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresiz olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrenin hekimlik mesle\u011finin niteli\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde makul ve orant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
33. \u00d6te yandan yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememe ve hayat\u0131n iyi h\u00e2lli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede kanaatin olu\u015fmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131 arand\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu konuda h\u00e2kimin takdir yetkisi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bununla beraber iyi h\u00e2lin belirlenmesinde \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7un i\u015flenmemesinin etkili oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde h\u00e2kime s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir takdir yetkisinin verilmedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
34. Kald\u0131 ki anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n niteli\u011fi, toplumda olu\u015fturdu\u011fu etki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak kararda h\u00e2kime verilen takdir yetkisinin hekimlik mesle\u011finin onur ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131na hizmet edece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
35. Bu itibarla kuralla anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n \u00f6zel sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015flar\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde veya serbest olarak hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra etmeleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bir hak yoksunlu\u011fu getirilmekte ise de yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumuyla birlikte bu hak yoksunlu\u011funun s\u00fcresiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu s\u00fcrenin yeni kurumla birlikte di\u011fer ko\u015fullar\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131lla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlara a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklemedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
36. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 48. ve 49. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130tiraz\u0131n reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Engin YILDIRIM, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e ve Kenan YA\u015eAR bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 20. maddesine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 48. ve 49. maddeleri kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 20. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
IV. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
11\/4\/1928 tarihli ve 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Tababet ve \u015euabat\u0131 San’atlar\u0131n\u0131n Tarz\u0131 \u0130cras\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un 23\/1\/2008 tarihli ve 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 25. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 28. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u2026Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar,\u2026\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve itiraz\u0131n REDD\u0130NE, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Engin YILDIRIM, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e ile Kenan YA\u015eAR\u2019\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131oylar\u0131 ve OY\u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA 23\/7\/2024 tarihinde karar verildi.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/p>\n
1. 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK\u2019n\u0131n 53\/1e,2. maddesi gere\u011fi ki\u015finin i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 h\u00fckmedilen hapis cezas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak cezas\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131 tamamlan\u0131ncaya kadar mesle\u011fini yapamama y\u00f6n\u00fcnde hak yoksunlu\u011fu uygulanacakt\u0131r. Bundan ayr\u0131ca \u0130ncelemeye konu 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 28. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131ndaki \u201cAnayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u201d ibaresi uyar\u0131nca, an\u0131lan su\u00e7lardan birini kasten i\u015fleyen ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131ndan s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle bu durumdaki hekimler \u00f6m\u00fcr boyunca \u00f6zel muayene a\u00e7\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015famayacaklar\u0131 gibi \u00f6zel bir sa\u011fl\u0131k biriminde hekim olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015famayacaklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2. \u00c7o\u011funluk gerek\u00e7esinde incelenen kurala kar\u015f\u0131n 5332 say\u0131l\u0131 Adli Sicil Kanununun 13\/A maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumu ile birlikte incelenerek, an\u0131lan yasal yol gere\u011fi anayasal d\u00fczene kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7tan mahkum olanlar\u0131n cezalar\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131ndan sonra \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mesi ve mahkemenin bu s\u00fcrede hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi halli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc konusunda olumlu kanaate varmas\u0131 durumunda hak yoksunlu\u011funun kalkaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden hareket edilmi\u015f ve bu gerek\u00e7elerle kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. Bu konunun de\u011ferlendirilebilmesi i\u00e7in ilgili kanunlar\u0131n d\u00fczenlenme tarihleriyle birlikte anlam ve kapsamlar\u0131na g\u00f6z at\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. 5332 say\u0131l\u0131 Adli Sicil Kanununun 13\/A maddesi, 6.12.2006 tarihli ve 5560 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 38. maddesiyle Kanuna eklenmi\u015ftir. 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu ise 1 Haziran 2005 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir. \u00d6te yandan 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Tababet ve \u015euabat\u0131 San\u2019atlar\u0131n\u0131n Tarz\u0131 \u0130cras\u0131na Dair Kanunun hekimlik mesle\u011fini yapmaya hak kazananlara hak yoksunlu\u011funu d\u00fczenleyen 28. maddesi ise 23.1.2008 tarihli ve 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 25. maddesiyle d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere hekimlere hak yoksunlu\u011funu getiren \u00f6zel d\u00fczenleme, gerek TCK ve gerekse Adli Sicil Kanununun 13\/A maddesinin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden sonra, ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle ilgili kurallar bilinerek d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle kural hekimlik mesle\u011fine ili\u015fkin \u00f6zel d\u00fczenleme niteli\u011findedir.<\/p>\n
4. \u0130ncelenen 28\/1. madde ve f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ilk c\u00fcmlesi \u201cHekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in; T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53. maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile\u201d ibaresiyle ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece Kanun koyucunun bu \u00f6zel d\u00fczenleme ile an\u0131lan bentte say\u0131lan su\u00e7lar ve bu arada anayasal d\u00fczene kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen su\u00e7lardan mahkumiyet halinde s\u00fcresiz bir hak yoksunlu\u011fu \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sonucunun \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
5. \u015e\u00fcphesiz kamu g\u00f6revinde istihdam edileceklerle ilgili s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar me\u015fru ama\u00e7lar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ayr\u0131ca de\u011ferlendirilebilir. Bununla birlikte kanunla bir meslek mensubunun \u00f6zel ya\u015fam\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kazanma imkan\u0131ndan s\u00fcresiz olarak yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n demokratik toplumda gereklili\u011fi ve orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 hale gelecek ve bu durumun Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 48, 49. maddeleriyle ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 olabilecektir. Nitekim AYM\u2019nin 2008\/17 E., 2010\/44 K. say\u0131l\u0131 ve 25.2.2010 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda benzer de\u011ferlendirmelerle 28. Maddedeki birk\u0131s\u0131m su\u00e7larla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak iptal karar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. \u0130ptal gerek\u00e7esinde, kuraldaki d\u00fczenlemelerde meslek veya g\u00f6revlerin \u00f6zellikleri, su\u00e7lar\u0131n ve cezalar\u0131n niteli\u011fi, cezalar miktar\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n ve bir kademelendirme yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n eylemle orant\u0131s\u0131z bir hak yoksunlu\u011fu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesinin adaletli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hukuk devleti ilkesiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Benzer de\u011ferlendirmeler Mahkemenin 2008\/80 E., 2011\/81 K., 18.5.2011 ile 2012\/61 E., 2012\/135 K., 27.9.2012 tarih ve say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda da yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan belirtilen iptal gerek\u00e7elerine kar\u015f\u0131n kamu g\u00f6revlileri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Dan\u0131\u015ftay kararlar\u0131nda Adli Sicil Kanununun 13\/A maddesindeki s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7se ve yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n iadesine karar verilse dahi 657 say\u0131l\u0131 DMK\u2019nun 48. maddesi uyar\u0131nca an\u0131lan maddede say\u0131lan su\u00e7lardan mahkum olanlar\u0131n devlet memurlu\u011funa girmelerinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir (bkz. Dan\u0131\u015ftay \u0130DDK 27.6.2022, E. 2022\/1141, K. 2022\/2318; 5.10.2023, E. 2023\/444, K. 2023\/1833).<\/p>\n
6. Ayr\u0131ca belirtilmelidir ki \u00e7o\u011funluk gerek\u00e7esindeki gibi 5332 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 13\/A maddesindeki d\u00fczenlemenin buna istisna olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmekteyse, incelemeye konu \u00f6zel d\u00fczenlemede bu hususun da belirtilmesi gerekirdi. Kural\u0131n bu d\u00fczenleni\u015f bi\u00e7imi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ihtilafl\u0131 yorum veya i\u00e7tihatlarla bu imkan\u0131n tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirmeler, kanundaki belirsizli\u011fi ve kalite sorununu a\u015fmaya yeterli olmayacakt\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr de\u011ferlendirmeler uygulaman\u0131n gelecekte aksi y\u00f6nde geli\u015fmesini \u00f6nleme g\u00fcvencesini ta\u015f\u0131mamaktad\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131m hukuki gerek\u00e7eler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda incelenen kural\u0131n iptal edilmesi gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndeyim.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY<\/p>\n
1. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma izni talebinin z\u0131mnen reddine ili\u015fkin i\u015flemin iptali istemiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davada itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan \u0130stanbul B\u00f6lge \u0130dare Mahkemesi 7. \u0130dari Dava Dairesi kural\u0131n iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur. \u0130tiraza konu kural uyar\u0131nca anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n hekimlik mesle\u011fini s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n hem \u00f6zel sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015flar\u0131nda hem de serbest icra edemeyece\u011fini d\u00fczenlemektedir.<\/p>\n
2. Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan \u201c kuralla hekimlik i\u00e7in bir hak yoksunlu\u011fu getirilmekte ise de yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumuyla bu hak yoksunlu\u011funun esas\u0131nda s\u00fcresiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu s\u00fcrenin de yeni kurumla birlikte di\u011fer ko\u015fullar\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131lla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu s\u00fcrenin de hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlara a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklemedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle itiraz\u0131n reddi gerekir\u201d \u015feklindeki gerek\u00e7eyle kural\u0131n reddine ili\u015fkin karar\u0131na i\u015ftirak edilmemi\u015ftir. \u015e\u00f6yle ki;<\/p>\n
3. Anayasa Mahkemesi norm denetimi kapsam\u0131nda, s\u00fcresiz olarak bir mesle\u011fi icra edememe ile ilgili verdi\u011fi bir karar\u0131nda \u201c23.1.2008 Tarihli ve 5728 Say\u0131l\u0131 Temel Ceza Kanunlar\u0131na Uyum Amac\u0131yla \u00c7e\u015fitli Kanunlarda ve Di\u011fer Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un 25. maddesi ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 11.4.1928 tarihli ve 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Tababet ve \u015euabat\u0131 San’atlar\u0131n\u0131n Tarz\u0131 \u0130cras\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un 28. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n \u201c…milli savunmaya kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar, devlet s\u0131rlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar ve casusluk, kamunun sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar,…\u201d ibareleri incelemi\u015f ve Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6rerek iptal etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cDava konusu d\u00fczenlemeler, meslek veya g\u00f6revlerin \u00f6zellikleri, su\u00e7lar\u0131n niteli\u011fi, bu su\u00e7lara verilen cezalar ve cezalar\u0131n s\u00fcresi, kas\u0131tla veya taksirle i\u015flenip i\u015flenmedi\u011fine bak\u0131lmamas\u0131 ve bir kademelendirme de yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 ve bu su\u00e7lardan mahkum olanlar\u0131n belirli meslekleri ve g\u00f6revleri s\u00fcrekli olarak icra edememeleri, i\u015fledikleri su\u00e7lara g\u00f6re adaletli ve eylemle orant\u0131l\u0131 olmayan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir hak yoksunlu\u011funa yol a\u00e7mas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde belirtilen \u2018Hukuk Devleti\u2019 ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ptali gerekir.\u201d (AYM, E.2008\/17, K.2010\/44, 25.2.2010)<\/p>\n
4. Hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 49. maddelerinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u201c\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131na \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama\u201d niteli\u011findedir. Kural kamu ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 yapmaks\u0131z\u0131n hekimlik mesle\u011fine s\u00fcresiz s\u0131n\u0131r getirmektedir. Anayasa Mahkemesi bir\u00e7ok karar\u0131nda bu ayr\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7erip i\u00e7ermedi\u011fine bakm\u0131\u015f ve buna g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirme yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201c Ba\u015fvurucunun \u0130dare taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yasa\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir karar al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair bir iddias\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, somut olaya konu idari i\u015flemin \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 engelleyen bir i\u00e7eri\u011finin oldu\u011funu da ortaya koyamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurgulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durumda yukar\u0131daki a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ba\u015fvurucunun s\u0131nav\u0131 kazanarak harita m\u00fchendisi olarak atanmaya hak kazanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen atama tarihi itibar\u0131yla ge\u00e7erli olan Kanun’da belirlenen kamu g\u00f6revlisi olarak atanma \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespit edilmesi \u00fczerine ataman\u0131n yap\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131n -ba\u015fvurucunun \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 hususlar\u0131 da g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde- demokratik toplum gereklerine uygun ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez.\u201d (Cem Tur\u011fut, B. No: 2019\/16656, 18\/10\/2023, \u00a7 \u2026)<\/p>\n
5. \u00d6te yandan Anayasa Mahkemesi daha \u00f6nce Ahmet G\u00f6deo\u011flu karar\u0131nda, mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak hekimlik mesle\u011findeki hak ve yetkilerini kullanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu yasaklanmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine karar vermi\u015ftir. (B. No : 2018\/28616, 17.11.2021) S\u00f6z konusu kararda Ba\u015fvurucunun g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma su\u00e7undan mahk\u00fbm oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra etmesine izin verilmemi\u015ftir. AYM taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde dahi s\u00fcresiz bir \u015fekilde mesle\u011fin icras\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131na sebep olan tedbirin \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131na orant\u0131s\u0131z bir m\u00fcdahalede bulunuldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
6. Yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere; Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin mahk\u00fbmiyete ba\u011fl\u0131 s\u00fcresiz hak yoksunlu\u011fu \u00f6ng\u00f6ren kurallar\u0131 norm denetiminde iptal etti\u011fi bu kurallar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 \u00fczerine tesis edilen i\u015flemlerle ilgili yap\u0131lan bireysel ba\u015fvuru incelemesinde de ihlal karar\u0131 verildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
7. Anayasa Mahkemesinin norm denetiminde ve bireysel ba\u015fvuruda benzer konulardaki i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131ndan farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6steren \u00e7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne yukar\u0131da izah etti\u011fimiz nedenlerle i\u015ftirak edilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/p>\n
1. Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun 11\/4\/1928 tarihli ve 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Tababet ve \u015euabat\u0131 San’atlar\u0131n\u0131n Tarz\u0131 \u0130cras\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un 23\/1\/2008 tarihli ve 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 25. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 28. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201cHekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in; T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile;\u2026\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile \u201c\u2026Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u2026\u201d ve \u201c\u2026hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmamak gerekir.\u201d ibarelerinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin kanaatine kat\u0131lmamaktay\u0131m.<\/p>\n
2. Dava konusu ibarelerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 28. maddesinde hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in baz\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahkum olmamak say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup bunlar i\u00e7erisinde birinci f\u0131krada T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun 53. maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7tan hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmamak da yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmede, kuralla hekimlik i\u00e7in bir hak yoksunlu\u011fu getirilmekte ise de yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumuyla bu hak yoksunlu\u011funun esas\u0131nda s\u00fcresiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu s\u00fcrenin yeni kurumla birlikte di\u011fer ko\u015fullar\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131lla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu s\u00fcrenin de hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlara a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklemedi\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015farak kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 48. ve 49. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Bkz.: \u00a7\u00a7 35-36).<\/p>\n
4. \u00d6ncelikle ifade etmek gerekir kural kamu veya \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 yapmaks\u0131z\u0131n hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Ancak hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7tan hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm edilmi\u015f olmak \u015fart\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan kural gere\u011fi bu su\u00e7tan mahkumiyetin bir sonucu olarak ki\u015fi hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131 herhangi bir s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiremeyecektir.<\/p>\n
5. Hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131n bu \u015fekilde s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funluk karar\u0131nda ifade edildi\u011fi bi\u00e7imde me\u015fru bir amaca dayan\u0131r olsa bile dava konusu kural bu t\u00fcr mahkumiyet alan hekimler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 49. maddelerinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131na \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirmektedir.<\/p>\n
6. Nitekim bu minvalde yap\u0131lan bir bireysel ba\u015fvuruda Anayasa Mahkemesi g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanmak su\u00e7undan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak ba\u015fvurucunun hekimlik mesle\u011findeki hak ve yetkilerini kullanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu yasaklanmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine karar vermi\u015ftir (Bkz.: Ahmet G\u00f6deo\u011flu, B. No: 2018\/28616, 17\/11\/2021, \u00a7\u00a7 45-52).<\/p>\n
7. Her ne kadar bireysel ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131ndaki bu gerek\u00e7eyi Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu bu kararda revize ederek dava konusu kuralla hekimlik i\u00e7in bir hak yoksunlu\u011fu getirilmekte ise de yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumuyla bu hak yoksunlu\u011funun esas\u0131nda s\u00fcresiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu s\u00fcrenin yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumuyla birlikte di\u011fer ko\u015fullar\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131lla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u00fcrenin hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlara a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklemedi\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir (Bkz.: \u00a7 35). Bununla birlikte kanaatimizce burada hekimlerin an\u0131lan haklar\u0131na yine de \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir m\u00fcdahale s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n
8. Somut kural ba\u011flam\u0131nda hekimlerin hak yoksunlu\u011fu, as\u0131l cezan\u0131n \u00e7ektirilmesi sonras\u0131nda 25\/5\/2005 tarih ve 5352 say\u0131l\u0131 Adli Sicil Kanunu\u2019na 6\/12\/2006 tarih ve 5560 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7e\u015fitli Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Kanun’un 38. maddesiyle eklenen 13\/A maddesinde yeniden d\u00fczenlenen yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi yolu i\u015fletilerek mahk\u00fbm olunan cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131, ki\u015finin infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememesi ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi halli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaatin olu\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda kald\u0131r\u0131labilmektedir.<\/p>\n
9. Bununla birlikte ifade etmek gerekir ki yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi otomatik bi\u00e7imde i\u015fleyen ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen bu \u00fc\u00e7 \u015fart\u0131n birlikte ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi durumunda her halde olumlu sonu\u00e7 al\u0131nabilen etkili bir yol \u015feklinde sonu\u00e7 vermeye m\u00fcsait olmaktan uzakt\u0131r. Zira Kanun\u2019daki d\u00fczenleni\u015f bi\u00e7iminde de \u201ckanunlar\u0131n belli bir su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 veya belli bir cezaya mahk\u00fbmiyete ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hak yoksunluklar\u0131n\u0131n giderilebilmesi i\u00e7in\u201d yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi yoluna gidilebilece\u011fi ifade edilmektedir. Ek olarak, buradaki \u201cgidilebilece\u011fi\u201d \u015feklindeki ifade mahkum olan ki\u015fiye y\u00f6nelik olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa dahi bu konuda verilecek kararda bu \u00fc\u00e7 \u015fart\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde yer alan \u201chayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi halli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaat olu\u015fmas\u0131\u201d \u015feklinde hakime takdir yetkisi tan\u0131yan bir ibare bulundu\u011fu dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
10. Elbette hakimlerin takdirlerini Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 138. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda da vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere \u201cAnayasaya, kanuna ve hukuka uygun olarak vicdani kanaatlerine g\u00f6re\u201d kullanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Ancak di\u011fer iki \u015fart olan cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve ki\u015finin infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememesi gibi net \u015fartlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ra\u011fmen yine de \u201chayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi halli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaat olu\u015fmas\u0131\u201d \u015fart\u0131na yer verilmesi uygulamada takdire ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak olumsuz sonu\u00e7lar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n ihtimal dahilinde oldu\u011funu akla getirmektedir.<\/p>\n
11. Uygulamada yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi yoluna ba\u015fvuruldu\u011funda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan kimi olumsuz \u00f6rnekler de bu endi\u015feyi hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmakta olup bu durum dava konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya uygunluk denetiminde bu hususun da dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Zira burada takdire ba\u011fl\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131n, uygulamada kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan kimi \u00f6rneklerde de g\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011fi \u00fczere bu hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 etkisizle\u015ftirebilece\u011finden kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya uygunluk denetiminde bu hususun da g\u00f6zden uzak tutulmamas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
12. Nitekim Anayasa Mahkemesine yap\u0131lan bir bireysel ba\u015fvuruda verilen ihlal karar\u0131 bu konudaki uygulaman\u0131n nas\u0131l amac\u0131na uygun sonu\u00e7 vermedi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu cezalara ili\u015fkin kararlar\u0131n kesinle\u015fip yerine getirildi\u011fi, infaz tarihlerinin \u00fczerinden 16 y\u0131la yak\u0131n bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7ti\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek kanunda belirtilen \u015fartlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini iddia eden ba\u015fvurucu asliye ceza mahkemesinden memnu haklar\u0131n iadesi talebinde bulunmu\u015ftur. Bunun \u00fczerine derece mahkemelerince hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi halli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda yeterli kanaat olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan talebi yerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. Yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvuru \u00fczerine Anayasa Mahkemesi, ba\u015fvurucunun ayr\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131k bir yan\u0131t verilmesini gerektiren ve talebinin kabul edilebilmesine neden olabilecek nitelikte olan “hakk\u0131ndaki cezalar\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren 16 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f oldu\u011funa” dair iddias\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ve kar\u015f\u0131lanmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fvurucunun Anayasa’n\u0131n 36. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki gerek\u00e7eli karar hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlali olarak de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir (Bkz.: M\u00fcmtaz Bekci, B. No: 2014\/16269, 8\/11\/2017, \u00a7\u00a7 29-31).<\/p>\n
13. Ek olarak bahse konu mesle\u011fin hekimlik mesle\u011fi oldu\u011fu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutuldu\u011funda yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi yoluna ancak as\u0131l cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l ge\u00e7tikten sonra ba\u015fvurulabilmesi de \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc daha net bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6stermektedir. Zira ki\u015fi zaten as\u0131l cezay\u0131 \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. Buna ra\u011fmen hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mesini beklemek hekimlerin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 49. maddelerinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahaleyi daha da \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz hale sokacakt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla as\u0131l cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131yla birlikte hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen g\u00fcvenlik tedbirinin sona ermemesi somut kural ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc daha da belirginle\u015ftirmektedir.<\/p>\n
14. Bu nedenle infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan sonraki ge\u00e7mesi gereken \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bekleme s\u00fcresi ile ilgili olarak \u00e7o\u011funluk karar\u0131ndaki \u201c\u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre \u015fart\u0131yla hekimlik mesle\u011finin \u00f6zel sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015flar\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde veya serbest olarak icras\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresiz olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrenin hekimlik mesle\u011finin niteli\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde makul ve orant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu\u201d (\u00a7 32) bi\u00e7imindeki gerek\u00e7eye de kat\u0131lmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
15. Sonu\u00e7 olarak yukar\u0131da s\u0131ralanan gerek\u00e7eyle 11\/4\/1928 tarihli ve 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Tababet ve \u015euabat\u0131 San’atlar\u0131n\u0131n Tarz\u0131 \u0130cras\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un 23\/1\/2008 tarihli ve 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 25. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 28. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u2026Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u2026\u201d ibaresinin ki\u015filerin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 49. maddelerinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahaleyi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz hale getirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 48. ve 49. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fundan iptali gerekti\u011fi kanaatiyle Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun aksi y\u00f6ndeki karar\u0131na kat\u0131lmamaktay\u0131m.<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00a0Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
———-<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 KARARI<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/96<\/p>\n
Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2024\/143<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi : 23\/7\/2024<\/p>\n
R.G.Tarih-Say\u0131 : 10\/12\/2024-32748<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: Ankara B\u00f6lge \u0130dare Mahkemesi 12. \u0130dari Dava Dairesi<\/p>\n
\u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 9\/3\/1954 tarihli ve 6343 say\u0131l\u0131 Veteriner Hekimli\u011fi Mesle\u011finin \u0130cras\u0131na, T\u00fcrk Veteriner Hekimleri Birli\u011fi ile Odalar\u0131n\u0131n Te\u015fekk\u00fcl Tarz\u0131na ve G\u00f6rece\u011fi \u0130\u015flere Dair Kanun\u2019un 23\/1\/2008 tarihli ve 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 181. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 6. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 20. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptaline karar verilmesi talebidir.<\/p>\n
OLAY: \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma izni talebinin reddine ili\u015fkin i\u015flemin iptali istemiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davada itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa’ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN VE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 G\u00d6R\u00dcLEN KANUN H\u00dcK\u00dcMLER\u0130<\/p>\n
A. \u0130ptali \u0130stenen Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fc<\/p>\n
Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu kural\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 6. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cMadde 6 \u2013 (De\u011fi\u015fik: 23\/1\/2008-5728\/181 md.) <\/p>\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yaz\u0131l\u0131 haller, veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131na mani te\u015fkil eder: <\/p>\n
a) T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile; kasten i\u015flenen bir su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 be\u015f y\u0131l veya daha fazla s\u00fcreyle ya da devletin g\u00fcvenli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar, Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar, (\u2026) zimmet, irtik\u00e2p, r\u00fc\u015fvet, h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k, doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, sahtecilik, g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma, hileli iflas, ihaleye fesat kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, edimin ifas\u0131na fesat kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, su\u00e7tan kaynaklanan malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlerini aklama veya ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmak. <\/p>\n
b) Bu Kanun ile te\u015fekk\u00fcl eden Haysiyet veya Y\u00fcksek Haysiyet Divan\u0131 kararlar\u0131 ile meslekini icradan menolunmak. <\/p>\n
c) Y\u00fcksek Haysiyet Divan\u0131nca haklar\u0131nda diplomalar\u0131n\u0131n istirdad\u0131 karar\u0131 ittihaz edilmek.\u201d<\/p>\n
B. \u0130lgili G\u00f6r\u00fclen Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fc<\/p>\n
25\/5\/2005 tarihli ve 5352 say\u0131l\u0131 Adli Sicil Kanunu\u2019nun 13\/A maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201c(1) 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki kanunlar\u0131n belli bir su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 veya belli bir cezaya mahk\u00fbmiyete ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hak yoksunluklar\u0131n\u0131n giderilebilmesi i\u00e7in, yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi yoluna gidilebilir. Bunun i\u00e7in; T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinin be\u015finci ve alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131 sakl\u0131 kalmak kayd\u0131yla, <\/p>\n
a) Mahk\u00fbm olunan cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131, <\/p>\n
b) Ki\u015finin bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi halli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaat olu\u015fmas\u0131, gerekir.\u201d<\/p>\n
II. \u0130LK \u0130NCELEME<\/p>\n
1. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca, Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Basri BA\u011eCI, Engin YILDIRIM, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e, \u0130rfan F\u0130DAN, Kenan YA\u015eAR, Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L ve \u00d6mer \u00c7INAR\u2019\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 9\/5\/2024 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikle uygulanacak kural ve s\u0131n\u0131rlama sorunlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
2. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 152. ile 30\/3\/2011 tarihli ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 40. maddelerine g\u00f6re bir davaya bakmakta olan mahkeme, o dava sebebiyle uygulanacak bir kanunun veya Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesinin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6rmesi h\u00e2linde veya taraflardan birinin ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k iddias\u0131n\u0131n ciddi oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varmas\u0131 durumunda bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin iptalleri i\u00e7in Anayasa Mahkemesine ba\u015fvurmaya yetkilidir. Ancak an\u0131lan maddeler uyar\u0131nca bir mahkemenin Anayasa Mahkemesine ba\u015fvurabilmesi i\u00e7in elinde y\u00f6ntemince a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve mahkemenin g\u00f6rev kapsam\u0131na giren bir davan\u0131n bulunmas\u0131, iptali talep edilen kural\u0131n da o davada uygulanacak olmas\u0131 gerekir. Uygulanacak kural ise bak\u0131lmakta olan davan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik evrelerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde veya davay\u0131 sonu\u00e7land\u0131rmada olumlu ya da olumsuz y\u00f6nde etki yapacak nitelikteki kurallard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. 6343 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 6. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n itiraz konusu (a) bendinde veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in 26\/9\/2004 tarihli ve 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun 53. maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile; kasten i\u015flenen bir su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 be\u015f y\u0131l veya daha fazla s\u00fcreyle ya da devletin g\u00fcvenli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar, anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar, zimmet, irtik\u00e2p, r\u00fc\u015fvet, h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k, doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, sahtecilik, g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma, hileli iflas, ihaleye fesat kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, edimin ifas\u0131na fesat kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, su\u00e7tan kaynaklanan mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlerini aklama veya ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olunmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
4. Ba\u015fvuran Mahkemede g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte olan dava anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar aras\u0131nda yer alan silahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olma su\u00e7undan h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olup infaz\u0131 tamamlanan davac\u0131n\u0131n veteriner hekim olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na izin verilmesi talebinin reddine ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
5. Bak\u0131lmakta olan davan\u0131n konusu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde itiraz konusu kural\u0131n \u201cT\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile;\u2026\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile \u201c\u2026Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u2026.\u201d ve \u201c\u2026hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmak.\u201d ibareleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n bak\u0131lmakta olan davada uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bendin kalan k\u0131sm\u0131na ili\u015fkin ba\u015fvurunun Mahkemenin yetkisizli\u011fi nedeniyle reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
6. \u00d6te yandan, s\u00f6z konusu bendin \u201cT\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile;\u2026\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile\u201c\u2026hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmak.\u201d ibareleri, bak\u0131lmakta olan davan\u0131n konusu olan Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra dava konusu olmayan di\u011fer su\u00e7lar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de ge\u00e7erli ortak kural niteli\u011findedir. Bu itibarla an\u0131lan b\u00f6l\u00fcm ve ibarenin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin incelemenin \u201c\u2026Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u2026\u201d ibaresiyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
7. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle 9\/3\/1954 tarihli ve 6343 say\u0131l\u0131 Veteriner Hekimli\u011fi Mesle\u011finin \u0130cras\u0131na, T\u00fcrk Veteriner Hekimleri Birli\u011fi ile Odalar\u0131n\u0131n Te\u015fekk\u00fcl Tarz\u0131na ve G\u00f6rece\u011fi \u0130\u015flere Dair Kanun\u2019un 23\/1\/2008 tarihli ve 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 181. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 6. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinin;<\/p>\n
A. \u201cT\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile;\u2026\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile \u201c\u2026Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u2026.\u201d ve \u201c\u2026hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmak.\u201d ibarelerinin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine, esasa ili\u015fkin incelemenin \u201c\u2026Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u2026\u201d ibaresi ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131na,<\/p>\n
B. Kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n itiraz ba\u015fvurusunda bulunan Mahkemenin bakmakta oldu\u011fu davada uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu k\u0131sma ili\u015fkin ba\u015fvurunun Mahkemenin yetkisizli\u011fi nedeniyle REDD\u0130NE,<\/p>\n
OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
III. ESASIN \u0130NCELENMES\u0130<\/p>\n
8. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131 ve ekleri, Raport\u00f6r Ahmet CANPOLAT taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan i\u015fin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin rapor, itiraz konusu kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc, dayan\u0131lan ve ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fclen Anayasa kurallar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n gerek\u00e7eleri ile di\u011fer yasama belgeleri okunup incelendikten sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. Anlam ve Kapsam<\/p>\n
9. 6343 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli \u015fartlar d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan Kanun\u2019un 4. maddesinde ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filer veya \u00f6zel hukuk ki\u015fileri taraf\u0131ndan istihdam edilen veteriner hekimlerin bu Kanun\u2019a tabi oldu\u011fu ve 8. maddesinde her veteriner hekimin hayvanlar\u0131n muayene ve tedavisi i\u00e7in bir muayenehane a\u00e7abilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
10. Kanun\u2019un 6. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinde de veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in baz\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olmamak \u015fart\u0131 getirilmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra etmek isteyenlerin \u00f6ncelikle an\u0131lan bentte say\u0131lan su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olmama ko\u015fulunu ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
11. \u0130tiraz konusu kuralda anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 53. maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra edemeyecekleri belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
12. 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un \u00d6zel H\u00fck\u00fcmler kitab\u0131n\u0131n D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc K\u0131sm\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 309 il\u00e2 316. maddelerinden olu\u015fan Be\u015finci B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar; Anayasa\u2019y\u0131 ihlal, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na suikast ve fiil\u00ee sald\u0131r\u0131, yasama organ\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7, h\u00fck\u00fbmete kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti H\u00fck\u00fbmetine kar\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 isyan, silahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct, silah sa\u011flama, su\u00e7 i\u00e7in anla\u015fma \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
13. 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 53. maddesinde ise ki\u015finin kas\u0131tl\u0131 bir su\u00e7 i\u015flemesi ve bu su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde mahk\u00fbmiyetin kesinle\u015fmesiyle ba\u015flay\u0131p hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131 tamamlan\u0131ncaya kadar devam eden hak yoksunlu\u011fu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle an\u0131lan madde uyar\u0131nca belli bir su\u00e7tan mahk\u00fbmiyete ba\u011fl\u0131 s\u00fcresiz hak yoksunlu\u011fundan s\u00f6z edilemeyece\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
14. Buna g\u00f6re anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan herhangi birini kasten i\u015fleyen ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 53. maddesi uyar\u0131nca hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131 tamamlan\u0131ncaya kadar hak yoksunlu\u011fu uygulanacakt\u0131r. \u0130tiraz konusu kuralda ise bu su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131ndan herhangi bir s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmektedir.<\/p>\n
B. \u0130tiraz\u0131n Gerek\u00e7esi<\/p>\n
15. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle; itiraz konusu kuralla anayasal d\u00fczene kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olan bir veteriner hekimin s\u00fcresiz bir \u015fekilde bu mesle\u011fi icra etmesinin engellendi\u011fi, bu durumun \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesini isteme hakk\u0131na \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir m\u00fcdahale olu\u015fturdu\u011fu belirtilerek kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. ve 20. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
C. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/p>\n
16. 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 43. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kural, ilgisi nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 49. maddeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
17. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n \u201c\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fcrriyeti\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 48. maddesinde \u201cHerkes, diledi\u011fi alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fcrriyetlerine sahiptir. \u00d6zel te\u015febb\u00fcsler kurmak serbesttir.\/ Devlet, \u00f6zel te\u015febb\u00fcslerin mill\u00ee ekonominin gereklerine ve sosyal ama\u00e7lara uygun y\u00fcr\u00fcmesini, g\u00fcvenlik ve kararl\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak tedbirleri al\u0131r.\u201d denilerek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
18. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 49. maddesinde de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n herkesin hakk\u0131 ve \u00f6devi oldu\u011fu, devletin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n hayat seviyesini y\u00fckseltmek, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 ve i\u015fsizleri korumak, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 desteklemek, i\u015fsizli\u011fi \u00f6nlemeye elveri\u015fli ekonomik bir ortam yaratmak ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in gerekli tedbirleri alaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
19. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, herkesin diledi\u011fi mesle\u011fi se\u00e7mede \u00f6zg\u00fcr olmas\u0131n\u0131 ve zorla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamay\u0131 ifade eder. Birey, bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak diledi\u011fi alan\u0131 ve i\u015fi se\u00e7ebilir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 ise bireyin \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradesiyle se\u00e7ti\u011fi mesle\u011fi veya i\u015fi icra etmesi, devletin de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak isteyenlere i\u015f temin etmek i\u00e7in gereken tedbirleri almas\u0131d\u0131r (AYM, E.2016\/141, K.2018\/27, 20\/2\/2018, \u00a7 16).<\/p>\n
20. Kural anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n hem \u00f6zel muayenehanelerde hem de serbest olarak veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra edemeyeceklerini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmek suretiyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 49. maddelerinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirmektedir.<\/p>\n
21. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde \u201cTemel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler, \u00f6zlerine dokunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca Anayasan\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde belirtilen sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ve ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar, Anayasan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ve ruhuna, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeninin ve l\u00e2ik Cumhuriyetin gereklerine ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u201d denilmektedir. Buna g\u00f6re temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere s\u0131n\u0131rlama getiren d\u00fczenlemelerin kanunla yap\u0131lmas\u0131, Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebine uygun ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
22. Bu kapsamda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlamaya y\u00f6nelik bir kanuni d\u00fczenlemenin \u015feklen var olmas\u0131 yeterli olmay\u0131p kurallar\u0131n keyf\u00eeli\u011fe izin vermeyecek \u015fekilde belirli, ula\u015f\u0131labilir ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir d\u00fczenlemeler niteli\u011finde olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
23. Esasen temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri s\u0131n\u0131rlayan kanunun bu niteliklere sahip olmas\u0131 Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nan hukuk devleti ilkesinin de bir gere\u011fidir. Hukuk devletinde kanuni d\u00fczenlemelerin hem ki\u015filer hem de idare y\u00f6n\u00fcnden herhangi bir duraksamaya ve ku\u015fkuya yer vermeyecek \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k, net, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r, uygulanabilir ve nesnel olmas\u0131, ayr\u0131ca kamu otoritelerinin keyf\u00ee uygulamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu \u00f6nlem i\u00e7ermesi gerekir. Kanunda bulunmas\u0131 gereken bu nitelikler hukuki g\u00fcvenli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da zorunludur. Zira bu ilke hukuk normlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131, bireylerin t\u00fcm eylem ve i\u015flemlerinde devlete g\u00fcven duyabilmesini, devletin de yasal d\u00fczenlemelerinde bu g\u00fcven duygusunu zedeleyici y\u00f6ntemlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lar (AYM, E.2015\/41, K.2017\/98, 4\/5\/2017, \u00a7\u00a7 153, 154). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde s\u0131n\u0131rlama \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc olarak belirtilen kanunilik, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nan hukuk devleti ilkesi \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yorumlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
24. Kuralda hangi su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbmiyetin veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131na engel oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmi\u015ftir. Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde kural\u0131n belirli, ula\u015f\u0131labilir ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir nitelikte oldu\u011fu ve bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle kanunilik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
25. \u00d6te yandan s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n me\u015fru bir amaca dayanmas\u0131 gerekir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 49. maddelerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in herhangi bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama nedeni belirtilmemi\u015f olmakla birlikte \u00f6zel s\u0131n\u0131rlama nedeni \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f haklar\u0131n da o hakk\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan baz\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu kabul edilmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fka maddelerinde yer alan hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler ile devlete y\u00fcklenen \u00f6devler, \u00f6zel s\u0131n\u0131rlama sebebi g\u00f6sterilmemi\u015f hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere s\u0131n\u0131r te\u015fkil edebilir (AYM, E.2018\/95, K.2023\/221, 27\/12\/2023, \u00a7 45).<\/p>\n
26. Veteriner hekimler vazifeleri itibar\u0131yla hem hayvan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131nda hem de hayvanlardan elde edilen g\u0131dalar\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131nda ve hayvanlardan insanlara bula\u015fabilen hastal\u0131klar\u0131n kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol oynar. Veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin rol\u00fc ve \u00f6nemi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde mesle\u011fin icras\u0131na getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131n mesle\u011fin onur ve itibar\u0131n\u0131 korumak oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. Mesle\u011fin onur ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla, baz\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n bu mesle\u011fi icra etmesinin yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131n anayasal y\u00f6nden me\u015fru bir amaca dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanaatine var\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
27. Bununla birlikte kural\u0131n anayasal ba\u011flamda me\u015fru bir amac\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 yeterli olmay\u0131p s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 gerekir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi ise elveri\u015flilik, gereklilik ve orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 alt ilkeden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Elveri\u015flilik \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131n\u0131, gereklilik ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n zorunlu olmas\u0131n\u0131, orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k ise hakka getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlama ile ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 aras\u0131nda makul bir dengenin g\u00f6zetilmesi gereklili\u011fini ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n
28. Veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin, yer ve zaman s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n hizmet etmeyi gerektiren bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 itibar\u0131yla veteriner hekimlerin tabi olmas\u0131 gereken kanuni ve etik s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n di\u011fer pek \u00e7ok meslekten daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ve kat\u0131 \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ola\u011fan kabul edilmelidir. Nitekim kuralda da veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in bir k\u0131s\u0131m su\u00e7tan mahk\u00fbm olmama \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n getirildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle kuralla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n, veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin onur ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan elveri\u015fli oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
29. Kuralda veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131na engel oldu\u011fu belirtilen su\u00e7lar\u0131n niteli\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde, bunlar\u0131 i\u015fleyenlerin veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131ndan yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131n kanun koyucunun takdir yetkisi kapsam\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6rebilece\u011fi bir tedbir oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Bu sebeple kural\u0131n veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin onur ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik amac\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan gerekli olma \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
30. Di\u011fer yandan s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n orant\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ortaya konulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu itibarla veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011fine ili\u015fkin onur ve itibar\u0131n korunmas\u0131na dair tedbirler sonucunda veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra etmek isteyenlerin y\u00fcklendi\u011fi k\u00fclfet ile hak ve menfaatleri aras\u0131nda adil bir dengenin kurulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra etmek isteyenlere a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklenip y\u00fcklenmedi\u011finin denetiminde kuralla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n s\u00fcresiz bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya hekimlik mesle\u011fini yeniden icra edebilmeyi sa\u011flayan bir yol bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
31. 5352 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 13\/A maddesinde yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumu d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan maddenin gerek\u00e7esinde 5237 sa\u00ady\u0131\u00adl\u0131 Ka\u00adnu\u00adn d\u0131\u00ad\u015f\u0131n\u00adda\u00adki \u00e7e\u00ad\u015fit\u00adli ka\u00adnun\u00adlar\u00adda\u00adki ka\u00ads\u0131t\u00adl\u0131 bir su\u00e7\u00adtan do\u00adla\u00ady\u0131 be\u00adlir\u00adli s\u00fc\u00adrey\u00adle ha\u00adpis ce\u00adza\u00ads\u0131\u00adna ve\u00adya bel\u00adli su\u00e7\u00adlar\u00addan do\u00adla\u00ady\u0131 bir ce\u00adza\u00adya mah\u00adk\u00fbm olan ki\u00ad\u015fi\u00adle\u00adrin s\u00fc\u00adre\u00adsiz ola\u00adrak kul\u00adlan\u00admak\u00adtan ya\u00adsak\u00adlan\u00add\u0131k\u00adla\u00adr\u0131 hak\u00adla\u00adr\u0131 tek\u00adrar kul\u00adla\u00adna\u00adbil\u00adme\u00adle\u00adri\u00adne imk\u00e2n ta\u00adn\u0131\u00adyan bir d\u00fc\u00adzen\u00adle\u00adme ya\u00adp\u0131l\u00adma\u00ads\u0131\u00adna ih\u00adti\u00adya\u00e7 du\u00adyuldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu kapsamda\u00ad an\u0131lan madde uyar\u0131nca, yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilebilmesi i\u00e7in 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 53. maddesinin be\u015finci ve alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131 sakl\u0131 kalmak kayd\u0131yla, mahk\u00fbm olunan cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131, ki\u015finin infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememesi ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi h\u00e2lli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaatin olu\u015fmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir (AYM, E.2023\/80, K.2024\/142, 23\/7\/2024, \u00a7 29).<\/p>\n
32. S\u00fcresiz hak yoksunlu\u011funun olu\u015fturdu\u011fu sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc amac\u0131yla getirilen yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumunun, anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011fini yeniden icra etmelerine imk\u00e2n sa\u011flay\u0131p sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususu, kuralla ki\u015filere a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklenip y\u00fcklenmedi\u011finin tespitinde \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
33. Kural uyar\u0131nca anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n \u00f6zel muayenehane b\u00fcnyesinde veya serbest olarak veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011fini icra etmelerinin s\u00fcresiz olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlanmakla beraber yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi karar\u0131yla birlikte belirtilen yerlerde veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir engel bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (hekimlik mesle\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden benzer de\u011ferlendirme i\u00e7in bkz. AYM, E.2023\/80, K.2024\/142, 23\/7\/2024, \u00a7 31). Bu kapsamda, yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilebilmesi i\u00e7in mahk\u00fbm olunan cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131, ki\u015finin infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememesi ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi h\u00e2lli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaatin olu\u015fmas\u0131 \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fiye a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 k\u00fclfet y\u00fckleyip y\u00fcklemedi\u011finin de ayr\u0131ca de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
34. Bu ba\u011flamda infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren ge\u00e7mesi gereken \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre \u015fart\u0131yla veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin \u00f6zel muayenehane b\u00fcnyesinde veya serbest olarak icras\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresiz olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrenin veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin niteli\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde makul ve orant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (hekimlik mesle\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden benzer de\u011ferlendirme i\u00e7in bkz. AYM, E.2023\/80, K.2024\/142, 23\/7\/2024, \u00a7 32).<\/p>\n
35. \u00d6te yandan yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememe ve hayat\u0131n iyi h\u00e2lli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede kanaatin olu\u015fmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131 arand\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu konuda h\u00e2kimin takdir yetkisi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bununla beraber iyi h\u00e2lin belirlenmesinde \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7un i\u015flenmemesinin etkili oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde h\u00e2kime s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir takdir yetkisinin verilmedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kald\u0131 ki anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n niteli\u011fi, toplumda olu\u015fturdu\u011fu etki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak kararda h\u00e2kime verilen takdir yetkisinin veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin onur ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131na hizmet edece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r (hekimlik mesle\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden benzer de\u011ferlendirme i\u00e7in bkz. AYM, E.2023\/80, K.2024\/142, 23\/7\/2024, \u00a7\u00a7 33, 34).<\/p>\n
36. Bu itibarla kuralla anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011fini \u00f6zel muayenehane b\u00fcnyesinde veya serbest olarak icra etmeleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bir hak yoksunlu\u011fu getirilmekte ise de yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumuyla bu hak yoksunlu\u011funun esas\u0131nda s\u00fcresiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu s\u00fcrenin yeni kurumla birlikte di\u011fer \u015fartlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131lla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlara a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklemedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (hekimlik mesle\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden benzer de\u011ferlendirme i\u00e7in bkz. AYM, E.2023\/80, K.2024\/142, 23\/7\/2024, \u00a7 35).<\/p>\n
37. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 48. ve 49. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130tiraz\u0131n reddi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Engin YILDIRIM, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e ve Kenan YA\u015eAR bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 20. maddesine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu ba\u011flamda belirtilen hususlar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 48. ve 49. maddeleri kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 20. maddesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca bir inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
IV. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
9\/3\/1954 tarihli ve 6343 say\u0131l\u0131 Veteriner Hekimli\u011fi Mesle\u011finin \u0130cras\u0131na, T\u00fcrk Veteriner Hekimleri Birli\u011fi ile Odalar\u0131n\u0131n Te\u015fekk\u00fcl Tarz\u0131na ve G\u00f6rece\u011fi \u0130\u015flere Dair Kanun\u2019un 23\/1\/2008 tarihli ve 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 181. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 6. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinde yer alan \u201c…Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar,…\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve itiraz\u0131n REDD\u0130NE, Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Engin YILDIRIM, Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ, Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU, Selahaddin MENTE\u015e ile Kenan YA\u015eAR\u2019\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131oylar\u0131 ve OY\u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA 23\/7\/2024 tarihinde karar verildi.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Basri BA\u011eCI<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u0130rfan F\u0130DAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Muhterem \u0130NCE<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00d6mer \u00c7INAR<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/p>\n
1. Ki\u015finin i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 h\u00fckmedilen hapis cezas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK\u2019n\u0131n 53\/1e,2. maddesi gere\u011fi cezas\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131 tamamlan\u0131ncaya kadar mesle\u011fini yapamama y\u00f6n\u00fcnde hak yoksunlu\u011fu uygulanacakt\u0131r. Bundan ayr\u0131ca \u0130ncelemeye konu 6343 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 6. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n a bendindeki \u201cAnayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u201d ibaresi uyar\u0131nca, an\u0131lan su\u00e7lardan birini kasten i\u015fleyen ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131ndan s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle bu durumdaki veteriner hekimler \u00f6m\u00fcr boyunca \u00f6zel muayene a\u00e7\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015famayacaklar\u0131 gibi ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda da veteriner hekim olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015famayacaklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2. \u00c7o\u011funluk gerek\u00e7esinde incelenen kurala kar\u015f\u0131n 5332 say\u0131l\u0131 Adli Sicil Kanununun 13\/A maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumu ile birlikte incelenerek, an\u0131lan yasal yol gere\u011fi anayasal d\u00fczene kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7tan mahkum olanlar\u0131n cezalar\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131ndan sonra \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mesi ve mahkemenin bu s\u00fcrede hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi halli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc konusunda olumlu kanaate varmas\u0131 durumunda hak yoksunlu\u011funun kalkaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden hareket edilmi\u015f ve bu gerek\u00e7elerle kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. Bu konunun de\u011ferlendirilebilmesi i\u00e7in ilgili kanunlar\u0131n d\u00fczenlenme tarihleriyle birlikte anlam ve kapsamlar\u0131na g\u00f6z at\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Adli Sicil Kanununun 13\/A maddesi, 6.12.2006 tarihli ve 5560 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 38. maddesiyle 5332 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanuna eklenmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu ise 1 Haziran 2005 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir. \u00d6te yandan 6343 say\u0131l\u0131 Veteriner Hekimli\u011fi Mesle\u011finin \u0130cras\u0131na; T\u00fcrk Veteriner Hekimleri Birli\u011fi ile Odalar\u0131n\u0131n Te\u015fekk\u00fcl Tarz\u0131na ve G\u00f6rece\u011fi \u0130\u015flere Dair Kanunun veterinerlik mesle\u011fini yapmaya hak kazananlara hak yoksunlu\u011funu d\u00fczenleyen 6. maddesi ise 23.1.2008 tarihli ve 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 181. maddesiyle d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere veteriner hekimlere hak yoksunlu\u011funu getiren \u00f6zel d\u00fczenleme, gerek TCK ve gerekse Adli Sicil Kanununun 13\/A maddesinden sonra, ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle ilgili kurallar bilinerek d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle incelenen kural veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011fine ili\u015fkin \u00f6zel d\u00fczenleme niteli\u011findedir.<\/p>\n
4. \u0130ncelenen 6\/1-a madde ve bendinin ilk c\u00fcmlesi \u201cT\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53. maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile\u201d ibaresiyle ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece Kanun koyucunun bu \u00f6zel d\u00fczenleme ile an\u0131lan bentte say\u0131lan su\u00e7lar ve bu arada anayasal d\u00fczene kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen su\u00e7lardan mahkumiyet halinde s\u00fcresiz bir hak yoksunlu\u011fu \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sonucunun \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
5. \u015e\u00fcphesiz kamu g\u00f6revinde istihdam edileceklerle ilgili s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar me\u015fru ama\u00e7lar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ayr\u0131ca de\u011ferlendirilebilir. Bununla birlikte kanunla bir meslek mensubunun \u00f6zel ya\u015fam\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kazanma imkan\u0131ndan s\u00fcresiz olarak yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n demokratik toplumda gereklili\u011fi ve orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 hale gelecek ve bu durumun Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 48, 49. maddeleriyle ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 olabilecektir. Nitekim AYM\u2019nin 2008\/17 E., 2010\/44 K. say\u0131l\u0131 ve 25.2.2010 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda benzer de\u011ferlendirmelerle 28. maddedeki bir k\u0131s\u0131m su\u00e7larla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak iptal karar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. \u0130ptal gerek\u00e7esinde, kuraldaki d\u00fczenlemelerde meslek veya g\u00f6revlerin \u00f6zellikleri, su\u00e7lar\u0131n ve cezalar\u0131n niteli\u011fi, cezalar miktar\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n ve bir kademelendirme yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n eylemle orant\u0131s\u0131z bir hak yoksunlu\u011fu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesinin adaletli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hukuk devleti ilkesiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Benzer de\u011ferlendirmeler Mahkemenin 2008\/80 E., 2011\/81 K., 18.5.2011 ile 2012\/61 E., 2012\/135 K., 27.9.2012 tarih ve say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda da yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan belirtilen iptal gerek\u00e7elerine kar\u015f\u0131n kamu g\u00f6revlileri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Dan\u0131\u015ftay kararlar\u0131nda Adli Sicil Kanununun 13\/A maddesindeki s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7se ve yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n iadesine karar verilse dahi 657 say\u0131l\u0131 DMK\u2019nun 48. maddesi uyar\u0131nca an\u0131lan maddede say\u0131lan su\u00e7lardan mahkum olanlar\u0131n devlet memurlu\u011funa girmelerinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir (bkz. Dan\u0131\u015ftay \u0130DDK 27.6.2022, E. 2022\/1141, K. 2022\/2318; 5.10.2023, E. 2023\/444, K. 2023\/1833).<\/p>\n
6. \u00d6te yandan \u00e7o\u011funluk gerek\u00e7esindeki gibi 5332 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 13\/A maddesindeki d\u00fczenlemenin buna istisna olu\u015fturdu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmekteyse, bu \u00f6zel d\u00fczenlemede bu hususun da belirtilmesi gerekirdi. Kural\u0131n bu d\u00fczenleni\u015f bi\u00e7imi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ihtilafl\u0131 yorum veya i\u00e7tihatlarla bu imkan\u0131n tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirmeler, kanundaki belirsizli\u011fi ve kalite sorununu a\u015fmaya yeterli olmayacakt\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr de\u011ferlendirmeler uygulaman\u0131n gelecekte aksi y\u00f6nde geli\u015fmesini \u00f6nleme g\u00fcvencesini ta\u015f\u0131mamaktad\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131m hukuki gerek\u00e7eler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda incelenen kural\u0131n iptal edilmesi gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndeyim.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY<\/p>\n
\u0130tiraz konusu kurala ili\u015fkin E.2023\/80, K.2024\/142 say\u0131l\u0131 dosyada belirtti\u011fimiz gerek\u00e7elerle \u00e7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne i\u015ftirak edilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ld\u0131z SEFER\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Kenan YA\u015eAR<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/p>\n
1. Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun 9\/3\/1954 tarihli ve 6343 say\u0131l\u0131 Veteriner Hekimli\u011fi Mesle\u011finin \u0130cras\u0131na, T\u00fcrk Veteriner Hekimleri Birli\u011fi ile Odalar\u0131n\u0131n Te\u015fekk\u00fcl Tarz\u0131na ve G\u00f6rece\u011fi \u0130\u015flere Dair Kanun\u2019un 23\/1\/2008 tarihli ve 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 181. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 6. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinin \u201cT\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 53 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile;\u2026\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile \u201c\u2026Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u2026\u201d ve \u201c\u2026hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmak.\u201d ibarelerinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin kanaatine kat\u0131lmamaktay\u0131m.<\/p>\n
2. Dava konusu ibarelerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 6. maddesinde veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in baz\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahkum olmamak say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup bunlar i\u00e7erisinde birinci f\u0131krada T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun 53. maddesinde belirtilen s\u00fcreler ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7tan hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olmamak da yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmede kuralla veteriner hekimlik i\u00e7in bir hak yoksunlu\u011fu getirilmekte ise de yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumuyla bu hak yoksunlu\u011funun esas\u0131nda s\u00fcresiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu s\u00fcrenin yeni kurumla birlikte di\u011fer ko\u015fullar\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131lla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu s\u00fcrenin de veteriner mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlara a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklemedi\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015farak kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 48. ve 49. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Bkz.: \u00a7\u00a7 36-37).<\/p>\n
4. \u00d6ncelikle ifade etmek gerekir kural kamu veya \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 yapmaks\u0131z\u0131n veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Ancak veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7tan hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm edilmi\u015f olmak \u015fart\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan kural gere\u011fi bu su\u00e7tan mahkumiyetin bir sonucu olarak ki\u015fi veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131 herhangi bir s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiremeyecektir.<\/p>\n
5. Veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131n bu \u015fekilde s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funluk karar\u0131nda ifade edildi\u011fi bi\u00e7imde me\u015fru bir amaca dayan\u0131r olsa bile dava konusu kural bu t\u00fcr mahkumiyet alan veteriner hekimler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 49. maddelerinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131na \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirmektedir.<\/p>\n
6. Nitekim bu minvalde yap\u0131lan bir bireysel ba\u015fvuruda Anayasa Mahkemesi g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanmak su\u00e7undan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak ba\u015fvurucunun hekimlik mesle\u011findeki hak ve yetkilerini kullanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu yasaklanmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine karar vermi\u015ftir (Bkz.: Ahmet G\u00f6deo\u011flu, B. No: 2018\/28616, 17\/11\/2021, \u00a7\u00a7 45-52).<\/p>\n
7. Her ne kadar bireysel ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131ndaki bu gerek\u00e7eyi Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu bu kararda revize ederek dava konusu kuralla veteriner hekimlik i\u00e7in bir hak yoksunlu\u011fu getirilmekte ise de yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumuyla bu hak yoksunlu\u011funun esas\u0131nda s\u00fcresiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu s\u00fcrenin yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi kurumuyla birlikte di\u011fer ko\u015fullar\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131lla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u00fcrenin veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlara a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet y\u00fcklemedi\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir (Bkz.: \u00a7 36). Bununla birlikte kanaatimizce burada veteriner hekimlerin an\u0131lan haklar\u0131na yine de \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir m\u00fcdahale s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n
8. Somut kural ba\u011flam\u0131nda veteriner hekimlerin hak yoksunlu\u011fu, as\u0131l cezan\u0131n \u00e7ektirilmesi sonras\u0131nda 25\/5\/2005 tarih ve 5352 say\u0131l\u0131 Adli Sicil Kanunu\u2019na 6\/12\/2006 tarih ve 5560 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7e\u015fitli Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Kanun’un 38. maddesiyle eklenen 13\/A maddesinde yeniden d\u00fczenlenen yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi yolu i\u015fletilerek mahk\u00fbm olunan cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131, ki\u015finin infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememesi ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi halli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaatin olu\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda kald\u0131r\u0131labilmektedir.<\/p>\n
9. Bununla birlikte ifade etmek gerekir ki yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi otomatik bi\u00e7imde i\u015fleyen ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen bu \u00fc\u00e7 \u015fart\u0131n birlikte ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi durumunda her halde olumlu sonu\u00e7 al\u0131nabilen etkili bir yol \u015feklinde sonu\u00e7 vermeye m\u00fcsait olmaktan uzakt\u0131r. Zira Kanun\u2019daki d\u00fczenleni\u015f bi\u00e7iminde de \u201ckanunlar\u0131n belli bir su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 veya belli bir cezaya mahk\u00fbmiyete ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hak yoksunluklar\u0131n\u0131n giderilebilmesi i\u00e7in\u201d yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi yoluna gidilebilece\u011fi ifade edilmektedir. Ek olarak, buradaki \u201cgidilebilece\u011fi\u201d \u015feklindeki ifade mahkum olan ki\u015fiye y\u00f6nelik olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa dahi bu konuda verilecek kararda bu \u00fc\u00e7 \u015fart\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde yer alan \u201chayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi halli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaat olu\u015fmas\u0131\u201d \u015feklinde hakime takdir yetkisi tan\u0131yan bir ibare bulundu\u011fu dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
10. Elbette hakimlerin takdirlerini Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 138. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda da vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere \u201cAnayasaya, kanuna ve hukuka uygun olarak vicdani kanaatlerine g\u00f6re\u201d kullanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Ancak di\u011fer iki \u015fart olan cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve ki\u015finin infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yeni bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememesi gibi net \u015fartlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ra\u011fmen yine de \u201chayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi halli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda mahkemede bir kanaat olu\u015fmas\u0131\u201d \u015fart\u0131na yer verilmesi uygulamada takdire ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak olumsuz sonu\u00e7lar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n ihtimal dahilinde oldu\u011funu akla getirmektedir.<\/p>\n
11. Uygulamada yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi yoluna ba\u015fvuruldu\u011funda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan kimi olumsuz \u00f6rnekler de bu endi\u015feyi hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmakta olup bu durum dava konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya uygunluk denetiminde bu hususun da dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Zira burada takdire ba\u011fl\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131n, uygulamada kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan kimi \u00f6rneklerde de g\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011fi \u00fczere bu hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 etkisizle\u015ftirebilece\u011finden kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya uygunluk denetiminde bu hususun da g\u00f6zden uzak tutulmamas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
12. Nitekim Anayasa Mahkemesine yap\u0131lan bir bireysel ba\u015fvuruda verilen ihlal karar\u0131 bu konudaki uygulaman\u0131n nas\u0131l amac\u0131na uygun sonu\u00e7 vermedi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu cezalara ili\u015fkin kararlar\u0131n kesinle\u015fip yerine getirildi\u011fi, infaz tarihlerinin \u00fczerinden 16 y\u0131la yak\u0131n bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7ti\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek kanunda belirtilen \u015fartlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini iddia eden ba\u015fvurucu asliye ceza mahkemesinden memnu haklar\u0131n iadesi talebinde bulunmu\u015ftur. Bunun \u00fczerine derece mahkemelerince hayat\u0131n\u0131 iyi halli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususunda yeterli kanaat olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan talebi yerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. Yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvuru \u00fczerine Anayasa Mahkemesi, ba\u015fvurucunun ayr\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131k bir yan\u0131t verilmesini gerektiren ve talebinin kabul edilebilmesine neden olabilecek nitelikte olan “hakk\u0131ndaki cezalar\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren 16 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f oldu\u011funa” dair iddias\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ve kar\u015f\u0131lanmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fvurucunun Anayasa’n\u0131n 36. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki gerek\u00e7eli karar hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlali olarak de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir (Bkz.: M\u00fcmtaz Bekci, B. No: 2014\/16269, 8\/11\/2017, \u00a7\u00a7 29-31).<\/p>\n
13. Ek olarak bahse konu mesle\u011fin veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011fi oldu\u011fu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutuldu\u011funda yasaklanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n geri verilmesi yoluna ancak as\u0131l cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l ge\u00e7tikten sonra ba\u015fvurulabilmesi de \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc daha net bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6stermektedir. Zira ki\u015fi zaten as\u0131l cezay\u0131 \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. Buna ra\u011fmen veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mesini beklemek veteriner hekimlerin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 49. maddelerinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahaleyi daha da \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz hale sokacakt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla as\u0131l cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131yla birlikte veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin icras\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen g\u00fcvenlik tedbirinin sona ermemesi somut kural ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc daha da belirginle\u015ftirmektedir.<\/p>\n
14. Bu nedenle infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan sonraki ge\u00e7mesi gereken \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bekleme s\u00fcresi ile ilgili olarak \u00e7o\u011funluk karar\u0131ndaki \u201c\u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre \u015fart\u0131yla veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin \u00f6zel muayenehane b\u00fcnyesinde veya serbest olarak icras\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresiz olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrenin veteriner hekimlik mesle\u011finin niteli\u011fi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde makul ve orant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu\u201d (\u00a7 34) bi\u00e7imindeki gerek\u00e7eye de kat\u0131lmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
15. Sonu\u00e7 olarak yukar\u0131da s\u0131ralanan gerek\u00e7eyle 9\/3\/1954 tarihli ve 6343 say\u0131l\u0131 Veteriner Hekimli\u011fi Mesle\u011finin \u0130cras\u0131na, T\u00fcrk Veteriner Hekimleri Birli\u011fi ile Odalar\u0131n\u0131n Te\u015fekk\u00fcl Tarz\u0131na ve G\u00f6rece\u011fi \u0130\u015flere Dair Kanun\u2019un 23\/1\/2008 tarihli ve 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 181. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 6. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinde yer alan \u201c\u2026Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u2026\u201d ibaresinin ki\u015filerin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48. ve 49. maddelerinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahaleyi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz hale getirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13., 48. ve 49. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fundan iptali gerekti\u011fi kanaatiyle Mahkememiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun aksi y\u00f6ndeki karar\u0131na kat\u0131lmamaktay\u0131m.<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
\u00a0Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Anayasa Mahkemesi 23\/7\/2024 tarihinde E.2023\/80 numaral\u0131 dosyada 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Tababet ve \u015euabat\u0131 San’atlar\u0131n\u0131n Tarz\u0131 \u0130cras\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019un 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 25. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 28. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u2026Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar,\u2026\u201d ibaresinin ve E.2024\/96 numaral\u0131 dosyada 6343 say\u0131l\u0131 Veteriner Hekimli\u011fi Mesle\u011finin \u0130cras\u0131na, T\u00fcrk Veteriner Hekimleri Birli\u011fi ile Odalar\u0131n\u0131n Te\u015fekk\u00fcl Tarz\u0131na ve G\u00f6rece\u011fi \u0130\u015flere Dair Kanun\u2019un 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 181. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 6. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinde yer alan \u201c…Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar,…\u201d ibaresinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. \u0130tiraz Konusu Kural \u0130tiraz konusu kurallarda, anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan herhangi birinden mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n hekimlik ve veteriner hekimlik mesleklerinin icras\u0131ndan yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ba\u015fvuru Gerek\u00e7esi Ba\u015fvuru kararlar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle; itiraz konusu kurallarla anayasal d\u00fczene kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olan hekim ve veteriner hekimlerin s\u00fcresiz bir \u015fekilde mesle\u011fini icra etmesinin engellendi\u011fi, bu durumun \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesini isteme hakk\u0131na \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir m\u00fcdahale olu\u015fturdu\u011fu belirtilerek kurallar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Mahkemenin De\u011ferlendirmesi Hekimlik ve veteriner hekimlik mesleklerinin ili\u015fkin onur ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na dair tedbirler sonucunda bu meslekleri icra etmek isteyenlerin y\u00fcklendi\u011fi k\u00fclfet ile hak ve menfaatleri aras\u0131nda adil bir dengenin kurulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda, an\u0131lan meslekleri icra etmek isteyenlere …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,535],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20050","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber","category-uncategorized-tr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n