T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130<\/p>\n
ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130<\/p>\n
B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
A.A. BA\u015eVURUSU<\/p>\n
(Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2022\/80119)<\/p>\n
Karar Tarihi: 29\/4\/2025<\/p>\n
B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/p>\n
KARAR<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n
\u00dcyeler<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n
Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L<\/p>\n
Raport\u00f6r<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
H\u00fcseyin \u00d6zg\u00fcr SEV\u0130ML\u0130<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fvurucu<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Vekili<\/p>\n
:<\/p>\n
Av. Mehmet Ali ASLAN<\/p>\n
I. BA\u015eVURUNUN KONUSU<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvuru; kesinle\u015fen mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda yeniden yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonucunda soru\u015fturma evresinde m\u00fcdafii haz\u0131r bulunmaks\u0131z\u0131n al\u0131nan ifadelerin h\u00fckme esas al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve delillerin hatal\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmesi suretiyle \u00f6nceki mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131n\u0131n aynen onaylanmas\u0131 nedeniyle adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n, tatbik edilen hukuk kurallar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemez nitelikte olmas\u0131 nedeniyle de su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesinin ihlal edildi\u011fi iddialar\u0131na ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n
II. BA\u015eVURU S\u00dcREC\u0130<\/p>\n
2. Ba\u015fvuru 12\/8\/2022 tarihinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kabul edilebilirlik konusunda oybirli\u011fi sa\u011flanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015fvuru Komisyonca B\u00f6l\u00fcme sevk edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
3. Ba\u015fvuru belgelerinin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi, bilgi i\u00e7in Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (Bakanl\u0131k) g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Bakanl\u0131k, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc bildirmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu, Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 beyanda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
III. OLAY VE OLGULAR <\/p>\n
4. Ba\u015fvuru formu ve eklerinde ifade edildi\u011fi \u015fekliyle ilgili olaylar \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
A. Ba\u015fvurucu Hakk\u0131nda A\u00e7\u0131lan Ceza Davas\u0131na Konu Eylemler<\/p>\n
1. 18\/11\/1999 Tarihli Olay<\/p>\n
5. Kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin d\u00fczenledikleri 18\/11\/1999 tarihli tutana\u011fa g\u00f6re devriye g\u00f6revi yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada haber merkezinin bir ki\u015finin \u00dcsk\u00fcdar’daki Atat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce Derne\u011fini (ADD) bombalad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ihbar etti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemesi \u00fczerine an\u0131lan derne\u011fe gidildi\u011finde yerde cam k\u0131r\u0131klar\u0131 ve d\u0131\u015far\u0131daki tabelada bir pankart bulundu\u011fu, pankart \u00fczerinde “Kahrolsun Laik Dikta, Ya \u015eeriat Ya \u00d6l\u00fcm \u0130BDA\/C” yaz\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan tutanakta ayr\u0131ca sprey boyayla derne\u011fin giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131na “\u0130BDA\/C” ve oda i\u00e7erisindeki duvara “Ahbese Lanet \u0130BDA\/C” yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, odadaki masan\u0131n ortadan delindi\u011fi, olay yerinde bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve par\u00e7a etkili boru bombaya ait par\u00e7alar bulundu\u011fu, di\u011fer odalarda da yine boyayla “Ya \u015eeriat Ya \u00d6l\u00fcm” ve “\u0130BDA\/C Geliyoruz” yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu bilgilerine yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
6. Derne\u011fin \u00dcsk\u00fcdar \u015eubesi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan M.K. kollukta al\u0131nan ifadesinde; olay\u0131 polislerden \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fini, dernekte bulunan e\u015fyalar\u0131n tahrip edildi\u011fini ve derne\u011fin baz\u0131 \u00fcyeleri ile sivil ve resm\u00ee kurulu\u015flara ait bilgilerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 telefon fihristinin dernekten \u00e7al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu beyan etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
7. \u0130stanbul Kriminal Polis Laboratuvar\u0131 (Polis Kriminal) taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan inceleme \u00fczerine d\u00fczenlenen 19\/11\/1999 tarihli ekspertiz raporunda, olay yerinde elde edilen patlam\u0131\u015f bombaya ait par\u00e7alar \u00fczerinde el yap\u0131m\u0131 patlay\u0131c\u0131larda kullan\u0131lan maddelerden potasyum klorat tespit edildi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
8. Parmak \u0130zi Laboratuvar B\u00fcro Amirli\u011finin 21\/11\/1999 tarihli ekspertiz raporunda, olayda ele ge\u00e7irilen materyaller \u00fczerinde tetkik ve mukayeseye elveri\u015fli parmak izi tespit edilemedi\u011fi bildirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
9. Bomba imha uzman\u0131 olan kolluk g\u00f6revlileri taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen 24\/11\/1999 tarihli inceleme raporunda; olay yerinde bulunan demir su borusu par\u00e7alar\u0131 ile par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f sigara izmariti par\u00e7alar\u0131 ve Polis Kriminal raporundaki bulgular birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde olayda kullan\u0131lan bomba yap\u0131l\u0131rken su borusu i\u00e7erisine potasyum klorat dolduruldu\u011fu ve borunun her iki taraf\u0131n\u0131n kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, boru i\u00e7erisine ate\u015flemeyi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in maytap fitili yerle\u015ftirildi\u011fi ve gecikme sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in de fitil ile sigara izmaritinin irtibatland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgilerine yer verilmi\u015ftir. Raporda ayr\u0131ca bu tip boru bombalar\u0131n patlamas\u0131 sonucu canl\u0131larda \u00f6l\u00fcme ve yaralanmalara neden olabilece\u011fi, cans\u0131z maddelerde ise bu bombalar\u0131n yak\u0131c\u0131 ve tahrip edici \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahip oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
10. Olaya ili\u015fkin \u00dcsk\u00fcdar Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nca y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturmada ba\u015fvurucunun yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihe kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre\u00e7te olay\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren ki\u015fi ya da ki\u015filer tespit edilememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2. 13\/12\/1999 ve 14\/12\/1999 Tarihli Olaylar<\/p>\n
11. Kolluk g\u00f6revlileri taraf\u0131ndan 14\/12\/1999 tarihinde saat 00.30’da d\u00fczenlenen tutana\u011fa g\u00f6re 13\/12\/1999 tarihinde saat 23.55 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda K\u0131s\u0131kl\u0131 Caddesi’nde faaliyet g\u00f6steren Diyanet Vakf\u0131’na ait binada patlama sesi geldi\u011finin anons edilmesi \u00fczerine olay yerine gidildi\u011fi, olay yerinde bulunan bomba imha ekibine g\u00f6re olayda boru tipi bomba kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, binan\u0131n panjur ve camlar\u0131n\u0131n patlad\u0131\u011f\u0131, binan\u0131n beton k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 sprey boya ile “\u0130BDA\/C” yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir s\u00fcre sonra yap\u0131lan yeni anons ile Nuh Kuyusu Caddesi’nde faaliyet g\u00f6steren \u0130hlas Sat\u0131\u015f Ma\u011fazas\u0131 adl\u0131 yerde de patlama oldu\u011funun bildirildi\u011fi, an\u0131lan yere gidildi\u011finde burada da patlam\u0131\u015f h\u00e2lde fitil ate\u015flemeli boru tipi bomba oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
12. \u0130hlas Sat\u0131\u015f Ma\u011fazas\u0131 adl\u0131 yerde yap\u0131lan olay yeri inceleme i\u015flemi \u00fczerine d\u00fczenlenen raporda; i\u015fyeri cam\u0131nda patlama nedeniyle \u00e7atlak meydana geldi\u011fi, olay yerinde bomba yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan \u00e7ivi ve cam par\u00e7alar\u0131 ve niteli\u011fi tespit edilemeyen s\u0131v\u0131 madde oldu\u011fu belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
13. Polis Kriminal taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen 15\/12\/1999 tarihli ekspertiz raporunda; Diyanet Vakf\u0131’nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen eylem sonucu olay yerinde elde edilen su borusu, k\u00f6r tapa ve nipel par\u00e7alar\u0131 \u00fczerinde patlay\u0131c\u0131 maddelerden potasyum klorat art\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
14. Bomba imha uzman\u0131 olan kolluk g\u00f6revlileri taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6z konusu iki bombalama eylemine dair d\u00fczenlenen raporlarda yer verilen tespitler \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
i. Diyanet Vakf\u0131’nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bombalama eyleminde olay yerinde bulunan boru nipel par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n bombada d\u0131\u015f kap, sigara izmaritinin de ate\u015flemeyi ve gecikmeyi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bomban\u0131n sigara gecikmeli, fitil ate\u015flemeli, bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve par\u00e7a etkili el yap\u0131m\u0131 boru bomba oldu\u011fu, ana patlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n da potasyum klorat oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
ii. \u0130hlas sat\u0131\u015f ma\u011fazas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan bombada soda \u015fi\u015fesinin bomban\u0131n d\u0131\u015f kab\u0131, \u00e7ivilerin de par\u00e7a tesiri yapmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131, bomban\u0131n bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve par\u00e7a tesirli, ate\u015flemeli el yap\u0131m\u0131 bomba oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
iii. Her iki olayda kullan\u0131lan bomban\u0131n yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f ve kullan\u0131l\u0131\u015f tarz\u0131 itibar\u0131yla canl\u0131larda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc ve yaralay\u0131c\u0131, cans\u0131z maddelerde de yak\u0131c\u0131 ve tahrip edici \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahip oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
15. Olaya ili\u015fkin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturmalarda ba\u015fvurucunun yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihe kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre\u00e7te olay\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren ki\u015fi ya da ki\u015filer tespit edilememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
3. 19\/12\/1999 Tarihli Olay<\/p>\n
16. Kolluk g\u00f6revlileri taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen 19\/12\/1999 tarihli olay yeri inceleme ve tespit tutana\u011f\u0131nda; olay g\u00fcn\u00fc saat 14.30 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda telsiz merkezinin ihbar\u0131 ile \u0130stanbul \u0130\u00e7erenk\u00f6y’de bulunan Carrefour Ticaret Merkezine bomba konuldu\u011funun bildirilmesi \u00fczerine kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin olay yerine geldi\u011fi, i\u015fyeri otopark\u0131nda bomba aramas\u0131 yap\u0131lmaktayken tekel \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 reyonda patlama oldu\u011fu, bundan 1-2 dakika sonra da park yerinde bir patlama daha meydana geldi\u011fi, patlamalar sonucunda reyondaki alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ki \u015fi\u015felerinin k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve baz\u0131 otomobillerin hasar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
17. \u0130stanbul \u0130l Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnce d\u00fczenlenen 20\/12\/1999 tarihli bilgi formu ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131da bu olay\u0131 \u0130slami B\u00fcy\u00fck Do\u011fu Ak\u0131nc\u0131lar Cephesi (\u0130BDA\/C) adl\u0131 silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcstlendi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015f ve ibdagiz isimli kullan\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan NTV adl\u0131 televizyon kanal\u0131n\u0131n internet adresine g\u00f6nderilen ve olay\u0131n \u0130BDA\/C taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayan elektronik posta (e-posta) i\u00e7eri\u011fi dosyaya sunulmu\u015ftur. Ancak Kad\u0131k\u00f6y Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nca y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturmada ba\u015fvurucunun yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihe kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre\u00e7te olay\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren ki\u015fi ya da ki\u015filer tespit edilememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
18. Polis Kriminal taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen 22\/12\/1999 tarihli ekspertiz raporunda, patlamalar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi yerlerden elde edilen materyaller \u00fczerinde patlay\u0131c\u0131 madde kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131ndan potasyum klorat ve al\u00fcminyum nitrat bula\u015f\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
19. Olay yerinde ele ge\u00e7irilen materyallerin bomba imha uzman\u0131 kolluk g\u00f6revlileri taraf\u0131ndan incelenmesi \u00fczerine d\u00fczenlenen 25\/12\/1999 tarihli raporda; su borusunun bomban\u0131n d\u0131\u015f kab\u0131, pillerin ak\u0131m kayna\u011f\u0131, elektronik kol saatlerinin de gecikmeyi sa\u011flayan zaman ayarl\u0131 ate\u015fleme anahtar\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, boru i\u00e7erisine patlay\u0131c\u0131 madde kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 konulduktan sonra borunun red\u00fcksiyon ve k\u00f6r tapa ile kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, her iki bomban\u0131n zaman ayarl\u0131, par\u00e7a ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 etkili bomba niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fu, bu tip bombalar\u0131n patlamas\u0131 sonucu canl\u0131larda \u00f6l\u00fcm ve yaralanmalara, cans\u0131z maddelerde ise yak\u0131c\u0131 ve tahrip edici etkiye neden olabilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
B. 25\/12\/1999 Tarihli Olay ve Ba\u015fvurucu Hakk\u0131ndaki Soru\u015fturma S\u00fcreci<\/p>\n
20. 25\/12\/1999 tarihinde saat 23.55 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda \u0130stanbul \u015ei\u015fli’de bulunan Kanal D adl\u0131 televizyon kanal\u0131na ait binan\u0131n bah\u00e7e duvar\u0131 \u00fczerine b\u0131rak\u0131lan bir adet fitil ate\u015flemeli, par\u00e7a ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 etkili boru bomban\u0131n patlamas\u0131 olay\u0131yla ilgili olarak soru\u015fturma ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
21. S\u00f6z konusu patlama \u00fczerine g\u00f6revlendirilen kolluk g\u00f6revlileri taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen 26\/12\/1999 tarihli yakalama tutana\u011f\u0131nda; olayla ilgili \u00e7evrede ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lmakta iken 26\/12\/1999 tarihinde ve saat 00.05 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda televizyon binas\u0131n\u0131n arka sokaklar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen ba\u015fvurucunun durumundan \u015f\u00fcphelenilip durduruldu\u011fu, yap\u0131lan \u00fcst aramas\u0131nda bir adet patlamam\u0131\u015f elektronik d\u00fczenekli bomba ele ge\u00e7irildi\u011fi, kendisine soruldu\u011funda da televizyon binas\u0131na bomba koyma eylemini bizzat ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemesi \u00fczerine yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Yakalama tutana\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucunun imzas\u0131 da bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
22. Kolluk g\u00f6revlileri taraf\u0131ndan 26\/12\/1999 tarihinde ve saat 02.30 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucunun evinde yap\u0131lan arama i\u015flemi \u00fczerine d\u00fczenlenen tutana\u011fa g\u00f6re kolluk g\u00f6revlileri ba\u015fvurucuyla eve gelmi\u015f, kap\u0131y\u0131 ba\u015fvurucu kendi anahtar\u0131yla a\u00e7arak evde arama yap\u0131lmas\u0131na r\u0131za g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Arama sonucunda Salih Mirzabeyo\u011flu kod ad\u0131n\u0131 kullanan S.\u0130.E.ye ait kitaplar, iki adet Furkan adl\u0131 dergi, Ak\u0131nc\u0131 Yolu adl\u0131 derginin abonelerinin isim ve ikamet adreslerine ait liste, bir adet mavi bez \u00fczerine beyaz renkli, \u00fc\u00e7 hilal ve y\u0131ld\u0131z bas\u0131l\u0131 \u0130BDA\/C ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne ait bayrak, naylon po\u015fetler i\u00e7erisinde bomba yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilen farkl\u0131 renklerde toz maddeler, maytap fitilleri, \u00fczerinde tadilat yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve pil soketi ile irtibatland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilen kol saati, pil soketi ile irtibatl\u0131 ve c\u0131val\u0131 sistem kurulan t\u00fckenmez kalem d\u0131\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131, iki\u015fer ve be\u015fer santimetre boyutunda 25 adet \u00e7ivi, k\u00f6r tapalar, nipel ve red\u00fcksiyon, ara kablolar, rezistans teli, piller, \u00fczerinde “Kahrolsun Emperyalist Bat\u0131 Ya\u015fas\u0131n Nizam Ba\u015fy\u00fccelik Devleti” ibaresi ve “\u0130BDA\/C” imzas\u0131 bulunan pankart, ADD \u00dcsk\u00fcdar \u015eubesine ait telefon fihristi ve \u00fczerinde ba\u015fvurucunun ad\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7erisinde bomba yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren elektronik \u015fema ile tarifin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t bulunan zarf ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir. Arama i\u015flemine dair tutanak, ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan da imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
23. \u0130stanbul Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn 29\/12\/1999 tarihli yaz\u0131s\u0131nda, ba\u015fvurucunun evinde ele ge\u00e7irilen kitaplardan biri hakk\u0131nda \u0130stanbul 1. Sulh Ceza Mahkemesince 29\/11\/1995 tarihli toplatma karar\u0131 verildi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
24. Bomba imha uzman\u0131 kolluk g\u00f6revlileri taraf\u0131ndan olay yerinde bulunan su borusu, boruya ait k\u00f6r tapalar ve red\u00fcksiyon, elektronik kol saati, piller ve pil yata\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan inceleme \u00fczerine d\u00fczenlenen 27\/12\/1999 tarihli raporda, bu materyaller \u00fczerinde parmak izi tespit edilemedi\u011fi bildirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
25. Polis Kriminal g\u00f6revlilerinin d\u00fczenledi\u011fi 27\/12\/1999 tarihli ekspertiz raporuna g\u00f6re ba\u015fvurucunun evinde yap\u0131lan aramada ele ge\u00e7irilen bomba yap\u0131m\u0131na dair a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n oldu\u011fu notlardaki el yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nceden ayn\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle hakk\u0131nda adli i\u015flem yap\u0131lan E.K.n\u0131n eli \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc oldu\u011fu belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
26. Polis Kriminal g\u00f6revlilerinin d\u00fczenledi\u011fi 28\/12\/1999 tarihli ekspertiz raporuna g\u00f6re olay yerinde bulunan kal\u0131nt\u0131lar \u00fczerinde patlay\u0131c\u0131 maddelerden potasyum klorat art\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu, ba\u015fvurucuda ele ge\u00e7irilerek bomba imha uzmanlar\u0131nca etkisiz h\u00e2le getirildi\u011fi belirtilen zaman ayarl\u0131 boru bombadan elde edilen 80 gram a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki toz maddenin de patlay\u0131c\u0131 madde kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131ndan potasyum klorat ve al\u00fcminyum tozu i\u00e7erdi\u011fi tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
27. Polis Kriminal g\u00f6revlilerinin d\u00fczenledi\u011fi ayn\u0131 tarihli di\u011fer ekspertiz raporunda; ba\u015fvurucunun evinde ele ge\u00e7irilen toz maddelerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n patlay\u0131c\u0131 madde kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131ndan potasyum klorat ve al\u00fcminyum tozu, potasyum klorat ve sodyum benzoat, bu maddelerden bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n da patlay\u0131c\u0131 madde kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan k\u00fck\u00fcrt ve postasyum klorat olduklar\u0131, yine fitillerin patlay\u0131c\u0131 madde ate\u015fleme i\u015fleminde kullan\u0131lan maytap fitili oldu\u011fu ve macunun da maddeleri sabitlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan \u00e7elik macunu oldu\u011fu bilgilerine yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
28. Bomba imha uzman\u0131 kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin d\u00fczenledikleri 29\/12\/1999 tarihli iki ayr\u0131 olay yeri inceleme raporunda;<\/p>\n
i. Olay yeri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda haz\u0131rlan\u0131p getirilen bomban\u0131n olay yerinde patlad\u0131\u011f\u0131, olay yerinde bulunan demir boru par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n bomban\u0131n d\u0131\u015f kab\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bomban\u0131n ana patlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ekspertiz raporunda belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere potasyum klorat oldu\u011fu; bu t\u00fcr malzemelerle bomba yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda canl\u0131lar \u00fczerinde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc, cans\u0131z maddeler \u00fczerinde de tahrip edici g\u00fcce sahip oldu\u011fu bilgisi verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
ii. Yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda ba\u015fvurucunun \u00fczerinde ele ge\u00e7irilen materyaller \u00fczerindeki inceleme sonucunda su borusunun bomban\u0131n d\u0131\u015f kab\u0131, kol saatinin zaman ayar\u0131 ve anahtar olarak, pillerin bombadaki rezistans sistemini \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131; bu bomban\u0131n patlamas\u0131 neticesinde canl\u0131lar \u00fczerinde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc, cans\u0131z maddeler \u00fczerinde de tahrip edici g\u00fcce sahip oldu\u011fu bilgisi verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
29. Ba\u015fvurucunun evinde ele ge\u00e7irilen materyaller \u00fczerinde bomba imha uzman\u0131 kolluk g\u00f6revlilerince yap\u0131lan inceleme \u00fczerine d\u00fczenlenen inceleme ve imha tutana\u011f\u0131nda yer verilen tespitler \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
i. Maytap fitillerinin patlay\u0131c\u0131 maddeleri ate\u015flemek amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00fczerlerinde tadilat yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f pil soketi irtibatl\u0131 elektronik kol saatlerinin arka kapaklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131larak alarm sistemlerinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan kablolar \u00fczerine irtibatland\u0131r\u0131lan elektronik devreler yard\u0131m\u0131yla zaman ayarl\u0131 saatli bomba yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lacak \u015fekilde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
ii. Pil soketi irtibatl\u0131 olan, c\u0131val\u0131 sistemle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f t\u00fckenmez kalemin d\u0131\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n bir taraf\u0131 eritilerek ve di\u011fer taraf\u0131ndan iki \u00e7\u0131plak kablo sokulup i\u00e7ine c\u0131va doldurularak kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, kablolar\u0131n u\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n pil soketine lehimle tutturularak c\u0131val\u0131 sistemli, sars\u0131nt\u0131ya hassas bomba yap\u0131m\u0131nda anahtar olarak kullan\u0131labilecek \u015fekilde haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7ivilerin el yap\u0131m\u0131 bombalar\u0131n par\u00e7a tesirini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in borular\u0131n i\u00e7ine konulabilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
iii. Havya ve lehimin bombalar\u0131n kablo ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 lehimlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, k\u00f6r tapalar\u0131n boru bombalar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131z k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na tak\u0131lan tapalardan oldu\u011fu, nipel ve red\u00fcksiyonun boru bomba yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131labilecek \u015fekilde haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131; ara kablolar\u0131n, haz\u0131rlanan bombalar\u0131n d\u00fczenlerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bombada ate\u015fleme d\u00fczene\u011fi olarak ince rezistans bulundu\u011fu ve ba\u015fvurucuda ele ge\u00e7irilen bomba i\u00e7erisindeki rezistans\u0131n da bu ama\u00e7la kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
30. Ba\u015fvurucunun kollukta m\u00fcdafii haz\u0131r bulundurulmaks\u0131z\u0131n al\u0131nan kolluk ifadesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
i. Salih Mirzabeyo\u011flu kod ad\u0131n\u0131 kullanan S.\u0130.E.nin devlet g\u00fcvenlik mahkemesinde 14\/4\/1999 tarihinde yap\u0131lan duru\u015fmas\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu s\u0131rada g\u00f6steri yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yakalan\u0131p g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, 55 g\u00fcn boyunca Metris ceza infaz kurumunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, 27\/8\/1999 tarihinde deprem sonras\u0131 Ey\u00fcp’teki Ka\u015fkarl\u0131 Camii’nde 40-50 ki\u015filik bir grup ile kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada \u0130BDA\/C mensubu oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, de\u011fi\u015fik tarihlerde bu \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn mensuplar\u0131n\u0131 ziyaret etti\u011finde yine g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beyan etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
ii. \u0130BDA\/C \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn fikirlerini siyasi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f olarak benimsedi\u011fini, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn liderinin kumandan olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 S.\u0130.E. oldu\u011funu, bu ki\u015finin bir dergiye verdi\u011fi r\u00f6portaj\u0131 okuyup sempati duydu\u011funu, sonra \u00f6rg\u00fcte ait farkl\u0131 dergileri de okuduk\u00e7a \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc benimsedi\u011fini, kendisinin de \u00f6rg\u00fct i\u00e7erisinde yay\u0131nlanan Ak\u0131nc\u0131 Yol adl\u0131 dergide yaz\u0131 i\u015fleri m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, evinde ele ge\u00e7irilen Furkan dergisinin de \u00f6rg\u00fcte ait yay\u0131n oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
iii. \u0130fade Tutana\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n 3. sayfas\u0131na g\u00f6re ba\u015fvurucuya \u00f6rg\u00fcte ne zaman, ne \u015fekilde kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6rg\u00fct i\u00e7erisindeki konumunun ne oldu\u011fu soruldu\u011funda; 1985 y\u0131l\u0131nda H.A.Y. adl\u0131 okul arkada\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u0130BDA\/C’nin ideolojisi ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, te\u015fkilat i\u00e7inde yazar ve yay\u0131nc\u0131 olarak faaliyet g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini, \u00f6rg\u00fct i\u00e7inde yay\u0131n ve propaganda sorumlusu oldu\u011funu, Akademya adl\u0131 dergiyi \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte de Ak Do\u011fu\u015f, Ak Zuhur, Tahkim, Yeni Tahkim gibi dergilerde idarecilik ve yazarl\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Tav\u0131r, Karar, Elif, Taraf ve Ak\u0131nc\u0131 Yolu dergilerinde de az say\u0131da yaz\u0131lar yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beyan etti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
iv. Kendisine \u00f6rg\u00fct i\u00e7indeki faaliyetleri soruldu\u011funda; 1994 ila 1996 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Tahkim ve Yeni Tahkim dergilerinde yaz\u0131lar yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, 1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ak\u0131nc\u0131 Yol dergisini \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sonra derginin bas\u0131n muhabiri oldu\u011funu, mahkemelerde \u0130BDA\/C ile ilgili duru\u015fmalar\u0131 izledi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
v. Ba\u015fvurucuya yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcne kadar \u00f6rg\u00fct i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi eylemlerin neler oldu\u011fu soruldu\u011funda verdi\u011fi beyanlar \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
– Metris Ceza \u0130nfaz Kurumunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te ayn\u0131 ko\u011fu\u015fta kald\u0131klar\u0131 \u0130BDA\/C mensubu E.E.K.dan boru tipi, zaman ayarl\u0131 ve ani ate\u015flemeli bomba yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 teorik olarak \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fini, infaz kurumundan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra da d\u00fczenli olarak \u00f6rg\u00fct mensuplar\u0131n\u0131 ziyaret etti\u011fini, bu ziyaretlerden birinde yakla\u015f\u0131k iki ay kadar \u00f6nce E.E.K.n\u0131n kendisine bomba yap\u0131m \u015femas\u0131 ve bombay\u0131 nas\u0131l yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatan dok\u00fcmanlar\u0131 verdi\u011fini, bu dok\u00fcmanlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde bomba yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan malzemelerin listesinin de oldu\u011funu, listede bulunan al\u00fcminyum tozu, potasyum, k\u00fck\u00fcrt, piller, kablo, saat, transist\u00f6r, diren\u00e7, boru ve tapa gibi materyalleri \u00e7e\u015fitli i\u015fyerlerinden sat\u0131n al\u0131p evinin \u00e7at\u0131 kat\u0131nda saklad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, b\u00f6ylece eylem yapmaya karar verdi\u011fini ve ilk olarak ADD’ye bomba koymay\u0131 planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
– ADD’ye bomba konulmas\u0131 eyleminden bir g\u00fcn \u00f6nce evinin \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan ve koli i\u00e7inde saklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bomba malzemelerini \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, su borusu dirse\u011finin i\u00e7ine k\u00fck\u00fcrt, al\u00fcminyum tozu ve potasyumdan olu\u015fan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 yerle\u015ftirdi\u011fini, dirse\u011fin iki taraf\u0131na da tapa takt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bir delikten i\u00e7eriye torpil fitili sokup bombay\u0131 haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, evdeki k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 boya ve f\u0131r\u00e7ay\u0131 kullanarak beyaz bez \u00fczerine “Kahrolsun Laik Dikta Ya \u015eeriat Ya \u00d6l\u00fcm \u0130BDA\/C” yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu malzemelerle yan\u0131na sprey boya da alarak bir g\u00fcn sonra saat 04.00 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda taksi ile ADD’nin d\u0131\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne geldi\u011fini, demir \u00e7ubukla kap\u0131y\u0131 zorlay\u0131p a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, duvarlarda as\u0131l\u0131 bulunan Atat\u00fcrk portrelerini yere at\u0131p k\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sprey boya ile duvarlara “Ya \u015eeriat Ya \u00d6l\u00fcm – Ya M\u00fcntakim Ya Allah \u0130ntikam – Ahbese Lanet – \u0130BDA\/C Geliyoruz” yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yan\u0131nda getirdi\u011fi pankart\u0131 bina d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunan dernek tabelas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine ast\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yan\u0131nda getirdi\u011fi bombay\u0131 sigara ile yakt\u0131ktan sonra dernek i\u00e7indeki masan\u0131n alt\u0131na atarak b\u0131rak\u0131p kap\u0131y\u0131 kapatarak olay yerinden ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, telefon kul\u00fcbesinden baz\u0131 bas\u0131n – yay\u0131n kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 arayarak eylemi \u0130BDA\/C ad\u0131na \u00fcstlendi\u011fini ve oradan ayr\u0131l\u0131p evine gitti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
– Ba\u015fvurucuya 13\/12\/1999 ve 14\/12\/1999 tarihlerinde Diyanet Vakf\u0131 ve \u0130hlas sat\u0131\u015f ma\u011fazas\u0131nda meydana gelen patlamalar soruldu\u011funda; Diyanet Vakf\u0131’n\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m dinine hizmet etmedi\u011fi, \u0130hlas sat\u0131\u015f ma\u011fazas\u0131n\u0131 da bu i\u015fyerinin ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu holding b\u00fcnyesinde dini ve m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle bu kurulu\u015flara ait yerlerde eylem yapmaya karar verdi\u011fini, evinde bulunan malzemelerden dirsek boru i\u00e7ine k\u00fck\u00fcrt, al\u00fcminyum tozu ve potasyumdan olu\u015fan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 koydu\u011funu, borunun iki taraf\u0131n\u0131 tapalarla kapat\u0131p i\u00e7ine fitil soktu\u011funu, bir \u015fi\u015fe i\u00e7ine de ayn\u0131 kimyasal kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve fitili koydu\u011funu, saat 23.00 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda bu bombalar\u0131 ve sprey boyay\u0131 yan\u0131na alarak dolmu\u015fla Diyanet Vakf\u0131 Ne\u015friyat B\u00f6lge M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcne geldi\u011fini, binan\u0131n vitrin cam\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcne b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bombay\u0131 sigarayla ate\u015fledi\u011fini, sigara yanmaya devam ederken sprey boyayla bina kolonlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine “\u0130BDA\/C” yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, oradan yaya olarak ayr\u0131l\u0131p \u0130hlas ma\u011fazas\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcne geldi\u011fini, \u015fi\u015fe i\u00e7ine haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer bombay\u0131 ma\u011fazan\u0131n giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011f\u0131na b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve fitili sigara ile yak\u0131p yine yaya olarak oradan da ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, telefon kul\u00fcbesine gidip \u00e7e\u015fitli bas\u0131n-yay\u0131n kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 arayarak bu olaylar\u0131 da \u0130BDA\/C ad\u0131na \u00fcstlendi\u011fini ifade etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
– Ba\u015fvurucuya 19\/12\/1999 tarihinde Carrefour Ticaret Merkezinde meydana gelen patlamalar soruldu\u011funda; bomba yap\u0131m\u0131nda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 malzemelerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 bu i\u015fyerinin yan taraf\u0131ndaki bir d\u00fckkandan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu esnada Carrefour’un g\u00fcvenli\u011finin yetersiz oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, bu nedenle eylem yapmaya karar verdi\u011fini, olaydan bir g\u00fcn \u00f6nce evindeki malzemelerle daha \u00f6nceden haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bombalar gibi boru tipi iki adet bomba haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, borular\u0131n bir taraf\u0131n\u0131 tapa ile kapatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, borular\u0131n i\u00e7erisine k\u00fck\u00fcrt, al\u00fcminyum tozu ve potasyumdan olu\u015fan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 koydu\u011funu, borular\u0131n di\u011fer taraflar\u0131n\u0131 da ortas\u0131 delik tapalarla kapatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, deliklerden i\u00e7eriye torpil fitili sokup fitillerin oldu\u011fu b\u00f6l\u00fcme dijital saatlerden yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman ayarl\u0131 devreleri takt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, patlama saatlerini de saat 15.00 olarak ayarlay\u0131p bombalar\u0131 haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
– Ba\u015fvurucu devamla olay g\u00fcn\u00fc saat 13.00 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda bombalar\u0131 po\u015fete koyup yan\u0131na alarak Carrefour’un \u00f6n\u00fcne geldi\u011fini, bu po\u015feti al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f sepetine koyup g\u00fcvenlikten ge\u00e7ti\u011fini ancak sepetteki e\u015fyan\u0131n g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlilerince aranmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in tespit edilmedi\u011fini, \u00f6nce domuz \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin oldu\u011fu raf\u0131n arka k\u0131sm\u0131na bombalardan birini yerle\u015ftirdi\u011fini, di\u011fer bombay\u0131 da alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7kilerin oldu\u011fu raf\u0131n arkas\u0131na koyup i\u015fyerinden ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, telefon kul\u00fcbesinden Carrefour’a ait i\u015fyeri telefonunu aray\u0131p i\u015fyerine bomba koydu\u011funu, gerekli \u00f6nlemlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ve eylemi \u0130BDA\/C ad\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi\u011fini, bas\u0131n kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 da aray\u0131p benzer \u015feyler s\u00f6yledi\u011fini, tekrar ma\u011fazan\u0131n i\u00e7ine girip \u00f6nlem al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce yeniden telefonla i\u015fyerini arad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bomba koydu\u011funu \u0131srarla s\u00f6yleyip \u00f6nlem al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlilere k\u0131zd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ard\u0131ndan tekrar ma\u011fazaya girip alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7kileri g\u00f6rebilece\u011fi yerde bomban\u0131n patlamas\u0131n\u0131 bekledi\u011fini, ma\u011faza g\u00f6revlilerinin yine de \u00f6nlem almad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve saat 15.00’te alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ki reyonuna koydu\u011fu bomban\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcyle patlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunun \u00fczerine insanlar\u0131n panikle ka\u00e7maya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, panik ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131 sakin olmalar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde telkin etti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
– Ba\u015fvurucu bu olaya ili\u015fkin ayr\u0131ca domuz \u00fcr\u00fcnleri reyonuna koydu\u011fu bombay\u0131 da ayn\u0131 anda patlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in ayarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2lde bu bomban\u0131n patlamamas\u0131 \u00fczerine delil b\u0131rakmamak i\u00e7in bu bombay\u0131 geri al\u0131p cebine koyarak ma\u011faza d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bombayla eve gitmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ancak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 eylemi ma\u011faza g\u00f6revlilerinin \u00f6rtbas edecek \u015fekilde bu patlaman\u0131n alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ki \u015fi\u015felerinden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek suretiyle bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmesi \u00fczerine bas\u0131n kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n da olay yerinde olmalar\u0131n\u0131 f\u0131rsat bilip eylemini tamamlamak i\u00e7in ma\u011faza otopark\u0131na gidip cebindeki \u00e7akmakla di\u011fer bomban\u0131n fitilini ate\u015fleyerek ara\u00e7lar\u0131n aras\u0131nda bulunan bir a\u011fac\u0131n dibine bombay\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve olay yerinden ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra bu bomban\u0131n da patlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, olaydan sonra eyleme dair haberleri televizyondan izlerken baz\u0131 kanallar\u0131n bu eylemi hafife ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, ayr\u0131ca eylem \u00f6ncesi ma\u011faza \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131 uyard\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2lde \u00f6nlem al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in eyleme dikkat \u00e7ekmek ve g\u00f6revlilere tepki g\u00f6stermek amac\u0131yla kolluk g\u00f6revlileri taraf\u0131ndan soru\u015fturma dosyas\u0131na sunulan elektronik postay\u0131 internet kafeye gidip bas\u0131n kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n e-posta adreslerine kendisinin g\u00f6nderdi\u011fini beyan etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
– Ba\u015fvurucuya 25\/12\/1999 tarihinde Kanal D binas\u0131n\u0131n bah\u00e7esine bomba konulmas\u0131 olay\u0131 soruldu\u011funda; olay g\u00fcn\u00fc evindeki bomba malzemeleriyle iki borunun bir taraf\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6r tapa ile di\u011fer taraflar\u0131n\u0131 da ortas\u0131n\u0131 deldi\u011fi tapalarla kapatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, borular\u0131n i\u00e7ine k\u00fck\u00fcrt, al\u00fcminyum tozu ve potasyumdan olu\u015fan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 koyup tapalara a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 deliklerden i\u00e7eriye fitil soktu\u011funu, birinin fitilinin oldu\u011fu b\u00f6l\u00fcme dijital kol saatinden yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 devreyi yerle\u015ftirip patlama saatini 23.45 olarak ayarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, b\u00f6ylece iki bomba haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu devamla bombalar\u0131 yan\u0131na al\u0131p Kanal D binas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne geldi\u011fini, ani ate\u015flemeli boru tipi bomban\u0131n fitilini sigara ile yak\u0131p binan\u0131n bah\u00e7e duvar\u0131n\u0131n bitti\u011fi yerdeki duvar\u0131n dibine bombay\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra bomban\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcyle patlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunun \u00fczerine telefon kul\u00fcbesinden Kanal D televizyonunu aray\u0131p bu eylemin amac\u0131n\u0131n gazeteci F.A.ya y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011funu ve \u0130BDA\/C ad\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi\u011fini, yan\u0131nda bulunan zaman ayarl\u0131 bomba ile binan\u0131n arka taraf\u0131na ge\u00e7ti\u011fini ve garaj giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu yere di\u011fer bombay\u0131 b\u0131rakmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken orada bulunan g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlisi kendisini fark etti\u011fi i\u00e7in bombay\u0131 koyamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, g\u00f6revli ile tart\u0131\u015f\u0131p olay yerinden uzakla\u015fmakta oldu\u011fu s\u0131rada oradan ge\u00e7en sivil polisler taraf\u0131ndan \u015f\u00fcphe \u00fczerine durduruldu\u011funu ve \u00fczerindeki bomba ile yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
vi. Ba\u015fvurucuya evinde yap\u0131lan arama i\u015flemi sonucunda ele ge\u00e7irilen materyaller soruldu\u011funda;<\/p>\n
– S.\u0130.E.nin kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 ve Furkan dergisini \u00e7e\u015fitli kitap\u00e7\u0131lardan okumak i\u00e7in ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, toz maddelerin potasyum klorat, k\u00fck\u00fcrt ve al\u00fcminyum tozu oldu\u011funu; bunlar\u0131 bomba yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullanmak i\u00e7in sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu maddeleri de ifadesinde belirtti\u011fi bombalama eylemlerinde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
– Maytap fitillerini, k\u00f6r tapalar\u0131, \u00e7ivileri, borular\u0131, kol saatlerini, pilleri, kablolar\u0131, rezistans telini, LED lambay\u0131, red\u00fcksiyonu ve nipeli de sonradan yapaca\u011f\u0131 eylemlerde kullanaca\u011f\u0131 zaman ayarl\u0131 bombay\u0131 haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in bulundurdu\u011funu beyan etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
– K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkli plastik boya ve f\u0131r\u00e7ay\u0131 ADD’de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi eylemde olay yerinde b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 pankart\u0131 ve evinde bulunan di\u011fer pankart\u0131 haz\u0131rlamakta kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u0130BDA\/C’ye ait oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi\u011fi bayra\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nceden \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn yay\u0131n evinden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u0130BDA\/C’nin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini benimsedi\u011fi i\u00e7in de bu bayra\u011f\u0131 evde bulundurdu\u011funu ifade etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
– Pil soketi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f c\u0131val\u0131 sistemin oldu\u011fu kalemle bomba yap\u0131m \u015femas\u0131 ile tarifini Metris Ceza \u0130nfaz Kurumunda ziyaret etti\u011fi E.E.K.dan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu tarifi kullanarak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bombalar\u0131 da s\u00f6z konusu bombalama eylemlerinde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ADD \u00dcsk\u00fcdar \u015eubesine ait ajanday\u0131 ki\u015fileri tedirgin etmek ve istihbarat sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in bu yeri bombalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada al\u0131p eve getirdi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
vii. Ba\u015fvurucuya kolluk ifadesinde kendisi hakk\u0131nda M.G.H. adl\u0131 ki\u015fiyle 15\/12\/1999 tarihinden sonra ev kiralad\u0131\u011f\u0131na, Metris Ceza \u0130nfaz Kurumu \u00e7evresinde yaya olarak ya da otomobille s\u00fcrekli dola\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na, kuruma m\u00fcdahale amac\u0131yla d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelecek takviye birlik olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin ke\u015fif yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na, olas\u0131 bir hareketlenmede kurumdaki ki\u015fileri telefonla uyar\u0131p savunma durumuna ge\u00e7irerek infaz koruma memurlar\u0131n\u0131 rehin alma planlar\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair bilgiler edinildi\u011fi bildirilmi\u015f ve bu hususta da beyan\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kolluk ifadesine dair tutanakta ba\u015fvurucunun bu soruya ili\u015fkin cevab\u0131nda M.G.T.yi M.H.T. olarak tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131na, o ki\u015finin \u0130BDA\/C mensubu oldu\u011funa, onunla bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce erzak almak i\u00e7in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne, bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda irtibat kurmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve kollu\u011fun kendisi hakk\u0131ndaki bu duyumlara dair bilgisi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair beyanda bulundu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
31. Ter\u00f6rle M\u00fccadele \u015eube M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde g\u00f6revli alt\u0131 kolluk g\u00f6revlisi taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015fvurucuya kolluk ifadesinde belirtti\u011fi di\u011fer bombal\u0131 eylemlere dair m\u00fcdafii haz\u0131r bulundurulmaks\u0131z\u0131n yer g\u00f6sterme i\u015flemleri yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucu s\u00f6z konusu eylemlerin her biri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 d\u00fczenlenen tutanaklarda yer verilen anlat\u0131mlar\u0131nda da \u00f6nceden verdi\u011fi ifadelerini tekrarlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
32. \u0130stanbul Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan \u0130stanbul Devlet G\u00fcvenlik Mahkemesi Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na (Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k) g\u00f6nderilen 29\/12\/1999 tarihli fezlekede, ba\u015fvurucunun ar\u015fiv kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu verilere g\u00f6re ba\u015fvurucunun \u0130BDA\/C \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc y\u00f6neticisi oldu\u011fu belirtilen S.\u0130.E.nin yarg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada bu ki\u015fiye destek vermek amac\u0131yla 14\/4\/1999 tarihinde yap\u0131lan izinsiz g\u00f6steriye kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle yakalan\u0131p tutukland\u0131\u011f\u0131, 14\/10\/1999 tarihine kadar kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 iki ayr\u0131 g\u00f6steri nedeniyle de yakaland\u0131ktan sonra serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgilerine yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
33. Ba\u015fvurucunun kolluk ifadesi ve yer g\u00f6sterme tutanaklar\u0131nda kendisinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fini kabul etti\u011fi di\u011fer eylemler y\u00f6n\u00fcnden y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen di\u011fer soru\u015fturmalar da Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturma dosyas\u0131nda birle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
34. Ba\u015fvurucunun Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa sevk edilmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda al\u0131nan 29\/12\/1999 tarihli adli raporda; kafas\u0131na vurulup bo\u011faz\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahsetti\u011fine, yap\u0131lan muayenesinde darp ve cebir izi g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fine dair a\u00e7\u0131klamalar yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
35. Ba\u015fvurucu 29\/12\/1999 tarihinde Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131kta m\u00fcdafii haz\u0131r bulunmaks\u0131z\u0131n al\u0131nan savunmas\u0131nda; 26\/12\/1999 tarihinde eve gitmek \u00fczere gece yar\u0131s\u0131 Mecidiyek\u00f6y otob\u00fcs duraklar\u0131nda beklerken polislerin kendisini yakalad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00fczerinde el yap\u0131m\u0131 bir bomba oldu\u011funu, bunun \u00fczerine evinde de arama yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, evinde ele ge\u00e7irilen malzemeleri kabul etti\u011fini, bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ifade vermek istemedi\u011fini, kollukta verdi\u011fi ifadesini kabul etmedi\u011fini, bu ifadenin zorla al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u0130BDA\/C’nin fikirlerini benimsedi\u011fini, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn legal alandaki faaliyetlerine kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, izinsiz g\u00f6sterilere kat\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle 55 g\u00fcn ceza infaz kurumunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu kurumda S.\u0130.E.nin ko\u011fu\u015funda tutuldu\u011funu ve E.E.K.dan bomba yap\u0131m\u0131 \u00fczerine e\u011fitim ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucuya kolluktaki ifadesinde kabul etti\u011fi be\u015f eylem soruldu\u011funda bu eylemleri de kabul etmedi\u011fini, gerekirse mahkemede detayl\u0131 ifade verece\u011fini, bu a\u015famada ba\u015fka bir \u015fey s\u00f6ylemek istemedi\u011fini beyan etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
36. Tutuklanma talebiyle sevk edildi\u011fi \u0130stanbul 6 No.lu Devlet G\u00fcvenlik Mahkemesi (DGM) Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda m\u00fcdafii haz\u0131r bulunmaks\u0131z\u0131n yap\u0131lan sorgusunda ba\u015fvurucu;<\/p>\n
i. \u0130BDA\/C’nin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini benimsedi\u011fini, \u00f6rg\u00fcte ait Ak\u0131nc\u0131 dergisinin yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 faaliyetini y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, bu derginin yasal bir yay\u0131n oldu\u011funu ve kendisinin de 1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle bu derginin sorumlu yaz\u0131 i\u015fleri m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
ii. \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn yay\u0131n organlar\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli yaz\u0131lar da yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu nedenle hakk\u0131nda DGM’lerde davalar a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sonradan y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren af kanunlar\u0131 sonucunda bu davalardan beraat etti\u011fini beyan etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
iii. S.\u0130.E.nin DGM’de g\u00f6r\u00fclen yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda yap\u0131lan g\u00f6steriye izinsiz kat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu beyan\u0131n\u0131n tutana\u011fa hatal\u0131 yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, olayda bas\u0131n muhabiri olarak g\u00f6rev yaparken g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131p tutukland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
iv. 26\/12\/1999 tarihinde gece yar\u0131s\u0131 otob\u00fcs dura\u011f\u0131nda beklerken \u015f\u00fcphe \u00fczerine polislerin kendisini yakalad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00fczerinde yakalanan bomba ile evinde ele ge\u00e7irilen ve bomba yap\u0131m\u0131nda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 malzemelerle di\u011fer materyallerin kendisine ait oldu\u011funu, f\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131 bulabilseydi evdeki malzemelerle bomba yapmay\u0131 planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bomba yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 tutuklu kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fini beyan etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
v. Ba\u015fvurucuya kollukta al\u0131nan ifadesi okunup alt\u0131ndaki imza g\u00f6sterildi\u011finde; imzan\u0131n kendisine ait oldu\u011funu ancak ifadeyi kabul etmedi\u011fini, polislerin kendilerine g\u00f6re bir \u015feyler yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ifadeyi okumas\u0131na f\u0131rsat vermeden kendisine zorla imzalatt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
vi. Kendisine Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131kta al\u0131nan ifadesi okundu\u011funda ise bu ifadenin do\u011fru oldu\u011funu beyan etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
37. Sorgusunun ard\u0131ndan tutuklanan ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k 18\/1\/2000 tarihinde d\u00fczenledi\u011fi iddianame ile yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn sair efrad\u0131 olmak su\u00e7undan 1\/3\/1926 tarihli ve 765 say\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fclga T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu’nun 168. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 ile be\u015f kez olmak \u00fczere patlay\u0131c\u0131 madde atmak su\u00e7undan da ayn\u0131 m\u00fclga Kanun’un 264. maddesinin (6) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 talebiyle \u0130stanbul 1 No.lu DGM’ye (1 No.lu DGM) kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
38. \u0130ddianamede 25\/12\/1999 tarihli olay\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ba\u015fvurucunun \u00fczerinde ve evinde yap\u0131lan arama sonras\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irilen materyallere, ADD, \u0130hlas Sat\u0131\u015f Ma\u011fazas\u0131, Diyanet Vakf\u0131, Carrefour Al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f Merkezi ile Kanal D binas\u0131nda meydana gelen patlamalara dair kolluk taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen raporlara ve ba\u015fvurucunun bu eylemleri tutuklu oldu\u011fu s\u0131rada E.E.K.dan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bomba yap\u0131m\u0131 e\u011fitimi do\u011frultusunda kendisinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fine dair kollukta verdi\u011fi ifadesine, Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k ve DGM’de al\u0131nan ifadelerinde de \u00fczerinde ve evinde ele ge\u00e7irilen materyallerin kendisine ait oldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin savunmalar\u0131na yer verilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k; kolluk taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen raporlar\u0131n da ba\u015fvurucunun beyanlar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulad\u0131\u011f\u0131, b\u00f6ylece ba\u015fvurucunun \u0130BDA\/C \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc mensubu oldu\u011fu ve \u00f6rg\u00fct faaliyeti kapsam\u0131nda be\u015f ayr\u0131 yerde bombalama eylemlerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi kanaatine varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
C. Ba\u015fvurucu Hakk\u0131nda Yarg\u0131tay’\u0131n 21\/11\/2002 Tarihli Bozma Karar\u0131 \u00d6ncesindeki Kovu\u015fturma S\u00fcreci<\/p>\n
39. Ba\u015fvurucunun yarg\u0131laman\u0131n ilk celsesinden \u00f6nce 1 No.lu DGM’ye sundu\u011fu ve kendi el yaz\u0131s\u0131yla yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 29\/6\/2000 tarihli dilek\u00e7esinde;<\/p>\n
i. \u0130BDA\/C’nin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini benimsedi\u011fini ancak bu olu\u015fumun bir ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yap\u0131lanman\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde legal faaliyetlerde bulundu\u011funu, ceza infaz kurumunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde S.\u0130.E. ile ayn\u0131 ko\u011fu\u015fta kalmas\u0131n\u0131n kendisi i\u00e7in \u015feref vesilesi oldu\u011funu, sal\u0131verildikten sonra tekrar onun yan\u0131na gelebilmek istedi\u011fini, bunun i\u00e7in kendisine illegal g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc vererek \u00fczerinde bomba ile yakalanmaya karar verdi\u011fini, olay g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fczerinde ele ge\u00e7irilen bomban\u0131n patlamaya haz\u0131r olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bombada ate\u015fleme sistemi olan f\u00fcnye ya da fitil bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
ii. Yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn niyetinin Vatan Caddesindeki Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne gitmek ve bir \u015fekilde yakalanmak oldu\u011funu, Mecidiyek\u00f6y’e geldi\u011finde caddede bir hareketlenme g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, polis arabalar\u0131n\u0131n Kanal D binas\u0131na do\u011fru gitti\u011fini, bunun \u00fczerine otob\u00fcs duraklar\u0131na do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
iii. Kanal D binas\u0131n\u0131n otopark\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131ndaki g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlisinin yan\u0131na gelip ne oldu\u011funu sordu\u011funu, g\u00f6revlinin kendisine bomba patlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemesi \u00fczerine bunu yakalanmak i\u00e7in f\u0131rsat bilip \u015f\u00fcphe \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in “Oh! \u0130yi olmu\u015f. Kim yapt\u0131ysa eline sa\u011fl\u0131k.” dedi\u011fini ancak g\u00f6revlinin dikkatini \u00e7ekemedi\u011fini, bunun \u00fczerine biraz daha dola\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, o esnada sivil polislerin ara\u00e7la geldi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcnce yine g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlisinin yan\u0131na gidip ona k\u00fcfretti\u011fini ve ka\u00e7ar gibi hareketler yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunu g\u00f6ren polislerin gelip ne oldu\u011funu sordu\u011funu, polislere g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlisinin kendisine k\u00fcfretti\u011fini s\u00f6yleyince polislerin ara\u00e7tan inip onunla konu\u015ftu\u011funu, polislerin dikkatini \u00e7ekemeyince onlara \u015f\u00fcpheli yakalad\u0131klar\u0131nda prim al\u0131p almad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 sorup \u015fansl\u0131 g\u00fcnlerinde olabileceklerini s\u00f6yledi\u011fini, yine de polislerin dikkatini \u00e7ekemeyince panik yapmamalar\u0131 kayd\u0131yla bir \u015fey s\u00f6yleyece\u011fini belirtip cebinde bomba oldu\u011fu bilgisini verdi\u011fini, sonra da bombay\u0131 cebinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p ellerine verdi\u011fini beyan etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
iv. Bombay\u0131 g\u00f6ren polislerin korktu\u011funu, korkmamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in bomban\u0131n fitilinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi\u011fini, anlatt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru oldu\u011funu g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlisi ve polislerden \u00f6\u011frenilebilece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
v. Karakola gitti\u011finde polislere ne isterlerse kabul edece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi\u011fini, onlar\u0131n da f\u0131rsattan istifade ederek asl\u0131nda yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 eylemleri kendi \u00fczerine y\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, buna ra\u011fmen s\u0131rf yeniden ceza infaz kurumuna d\u00f6nebilmek i\u00e7in kendisine dikte ettirilen hususlar\u0131 s\u00f6yleyip yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ifadesini de okumadan imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu nedenle bombalama eylemlerini kabul etmedi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
vi. Cebindeki bombay\u0131 yapmak i\u00e7in evinde birtak\u0131m malzemeler bulundurdu\u011funu fakat tahmin etti\u011fi kadar\u0131yla evde ele ge\u00e7irildi\u011fi belirtilen \u00e7o\u011fu malzemenin asl\u0131nda kendisine ait olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ev arama tutana\u011f\u0131nda kendi imzas\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, ev aramas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlilerle saat 01.30 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda eve geldi\u011fini, polislerin iki saat boyunca evi arad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve tutana\u011f\u0131 yeniden karakola geldiklerinde imzalatacaklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylediklerini ancak evden \u00e7\u0131kacakken evin kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kapatt\u0131rmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve kendisini eve getiren polislerin evde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kendisini de olay yerine \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 ba\u015fka bir polis ekibiyle karakola getirdiklerini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
vii. Tutukland\u0131ktan sonra \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fine g\u00f6re polislerin evden \u00f6\u011fleden sonra 14.30 civar\u0131nda ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kom\u015fulardan duydu\u011fu kadar\u0131yla eve po\u015fet vb. ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131p \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kom\u015fular ne oldu\u011funu sordu\u011funda da h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k olay\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylediklerini, bu konuda kom\u015fulardan da tan\u0131kl\u0131k edebilecek ki\u015filer oldu\u011funu, bu nedenle ev arama tutana\u011f\u0131nda imzas\u0131n\u0131n bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
40. Ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n bozma karar\u0131 \u00f6ncesi yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lamaya dair celselerde m\u00fcdafii haz\u0131r bulundurulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
41. Yarg\u0131laman\u0131n 29\/6\/2000 tarihli celsesinde haz\u0131r edilen ba\u015fvurucunun savunmas\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucu bu celseden \u00f6nce sundu\u011fu dilek\u00e7e i\u00e7eri\u011fini tekrar etti\u011fini, kolluk, Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k ve DGM’de al\u0131nan savunmalar\u0131 ile kolluk taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen tutanak ve raporlar\u0131 kabul etmedi\u011fini, be\u015f ayr\u0131 bombalama eylemiyle ilgisi bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, olay g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fczerinde ele ge\u00e7irilen bombay\u0131 kendisinin imal etti\u011fini ancak bu bomban\u0131n ate\u015fleme sistemi bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in patlamaya haz\u0131r olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6nceden ceza infaz kurumunda tutuklu kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te baz\u0131 arkada\u015flar\u0131ndan bomba yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 teorik olarak \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fini, bomba yap\u0131m\u0131 ile ilgili evinde ele ge\u00e7irilen dok\u00fcmanlar\u0131n kendisine ait olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, E.E.K.y\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ancak bomba yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ondan \u00f6\u011frenmedi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
42. 14\/11\/2000 tarihli ikinci celsede soru\u015fturma evresinde ba\u015fvurucunun haz\u0131r bulundu\u011fu yer g\u00f6sterme i\u015flemlerine kat\u0131lan kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinden A.T.nin tan\u0131k s\u0131fat\u0131yla ifadesi al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve bu ki\u015fi tutanaklar\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki imzan\u0131n kendisine ait oldu\u011funu, an\u0131lan i\u015flemlere kendisinin de kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu, tan\u0131k beyan\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmedi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015f ve yakalama tutana\u011f\u0131nda imzas\u0131 bulunan kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin de tan\u0131k s\u0131fat\u0131yla ifadelerinin al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
43. 1 No.lu DGM, an\u0131lan \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olduklar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle haklar\u0131nda \u0130stanbul 6 No.lu DGM’de ayr\u0131 dava a\u00e7\u0131lan ba\u015fka san\u0131klar ile ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131ndaki dava aras\u0131nda irtibat bulundu\u011fundan bahisle 22\/2\/2001 tarihinde davalar\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesine karar vermi\u015f ancak davalar\u0131n birle\u015ftirildi\u011fi mahkemece di\u011fer san\u0131klar ile ba\u015fvurucu aras\u0131nda irtibat bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve di\u011fer davada h\u00fck\u00fcm kuruldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle birle\u015ftirme talebi reddedilmi\u015ftir. Bunun \u00fczerine ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131ndaki yarg\u0131lamaya 1 No.lu DGM taraf\u0131ndan devam edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
44. Yarg\u0131laman\u0131n 10\/7\/2001 tarihli celsesinde ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda yakalama i\u015flemi yapan kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinden S.C. tan\u0131k s\u0131fat\u0131yla dinlenilmi\u015ftir. S.C. ifadesinde; ba\u015fvurucuyu yakalad\u0131klar\u0131nda \u00fczerinde pili tak\u0131l\u0131 olmayan bomba bulundu\u011funu, ba\u015fvurucuyu bomba atarken g\u00f6rmediklerini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu; tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n olay an\u0131nda kendisini \u00f6zellikle yakalatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u00fczerinde bomba oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyip s\u00f6ylemedi\u011fine dair beyan\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmi\u015f, tan\u0131k bu soru \u00fczerine ba\u015fvurucunun olay an\u0131nda g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlisi ile tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve onu yakalad\u0131ktan sonra \u00fcst aramas\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131nda bombay\u0131 ba\u015fvurucunun \u00fczerinde ele ge\u00e7irdiklerini beyan etmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu ise tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu beyan\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmedi\u011fini, polislerin kendisini ekip arac\u0131na bindirdiklerinde onlara yakalama yapt\u0131klar\u0131 zaman prim al\u0131p almad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 sorduktan sonra \u00fczerinde bomba oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi\u011fini, polislerin korkmas\u0131 \u00fczerine de bomban\u0131n fitili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve patlamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
45. Ba\u015fvurucunun tutuklu bulundu\u011fu ceza infaz kurumundan getirtilememesi nedeniyle haz\u0131r bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 25\/9\/2001 tarihli celsede ba\u015fvurucuyu yakalayan kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinden N.M.nin de tan\u0131k s\u0131fat\u0131yla ifadesi al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, N.M. ifadesinde yakalama tutana\u011f\u0131ndaki imzan\u0131n kendisine ait oldu\u011funu ve ba\u015fvurucunun yakalanmas\u0131 i\u015flemine kendisinin de kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beyan etmi\u015ftir. Bu celsede, al\u0131nan tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n yeterli g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden bahisle yakalama i\u015flemine kat\u0131lan di\u011fer tan\u0131klar\u0131n dinlenilmesinden vazge\u00e7ilmesine dair ara karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
46. Ba\u015fvurucu 4\/12\/2001 tarihli celseden \u00f6nce sundu\u011fu ve ayn\u0131 tarihte yap\u0131lan celsede okunan ek dilek\u00e7esinde kendi \u00fczerinde bulunan ve polislere teslim etti\u011fi bomban\u0131n fitilsiz olup patlamaya haz\u0131r olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve hi\u00e7bir bombalama eylemini kendisinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmedi\u011fine dair savunmalar\u0131na ek olarak;<\/p>\n
i. Carrefour Al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f Merkezinde patlayan bombalara ait art\u0131klarda tespit edilen baz\u0131 kimyasal maddelerin kendi evinde ele ge\u00e7irilen toz maddelerle uyumlu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u0130hlas Sat\u0131\u015f Ma\u011fazas\u0131 ve Diyanet Vakf\u0131’nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen eylemler s\u0131ras\u0131nda teyzesinin evinde bulundu\u011funu, ADD’de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen patlamadan bir g\u00fcn sonra ba\u015fka bir g\u00f6steriye kat\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucu yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, o zaman da evinin arand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ancak ADD’ye ait ajandan\u0131n evde bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu ajanday\u0131 evinde arama yapan polislerin eve koymu\u015f olabileceklerini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
ii. Kolluk ifadesinin 3. sayfas\u0131nda hayat hik\u00e2yesine dair verdi\u011fi bilgilerin asl\u0131nda kendisiyle ilgili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kolluk g\u00f6revlilerin \u0130BDA\/C’ye y\u00f6nelik y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ba\u015fka bir soru\u015fturmada al\u0131nan ifadedeki anlat\u0131mlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kendisi hakk\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen kolluk ifadesine eklediklerini beyan etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
47. Yarg\u0131laman\u0131n 4\/12\/2001 tarihli celsesinde Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k esas hakk\u0131nda m\u00fctalaas\u0131n\u0131 sunmu\u015ftur. An\u0131lan m\u00fctalaada, iddianamede yer verilen eylemlerin ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi ancak bu eylemlerin 765 say\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fclga Kanun’un 146. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Te\u015fkilat\u0131 Esasiye Kanununun tamam\u0131n\u0131 veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ta\u011fyir ve tebdil veya ilgaya ve bu kanun ile te\u015fekk\u00fcl etmi\u015f olan B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisini iskata veya vazifesini yapmaktan men su\u00e7una cebren te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fc olu\u015fturdu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilerek ba\u015fvurucunun bu su\u00e7tan cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 talep edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
48. Yarg\u0131laman\u0131n 9\/7\/2002 tarihli celsesinde ba\u015fvurucuya Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n m\u00fctalaas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ek savunma hakk\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu da bu celsede esas hakk\u0131nda savunmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren dilek\u00e7esini sunmu\u015ftur. An\u0131lan dilek\u00e7ede; tan\u0131k A.T.nin evde yap\u0131lan aramada ele ge\u00e7irildi\u011fi belirtilen e\u015fyadan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 evde g\u00f6rmedi\u011fine dair beyan\u0131n\u0131n duru\u015fma tutana\u011f\u0131na ge\u00e7irilmedi\u011fini, tan\u0131k S.C.nin ifadesinde kendisinde ele ge\u00e7irilen bombada pil olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair beyan\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bomban\u0131n patlamaya haz\u0131r olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair savunmas\u0131n\u0131n bu beyanla do\u011fruland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, haz\u0131r bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 celsede dinlenen di\u011fer tan\u0131\u011fa savunmas\u0131nda ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususlar\u0131n sorulmadan y\u00fczeysel olarak beyan\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, beyanlar\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi\u011fi di\u011fer tutanak tan\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ise dinlenilmesinden vazge\u00e7ilmesinin hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu, tutuklu olmas\u0131 nedeniyle kovu\u015fturma s\u00fcrecinde savunmas\u0131n\u0131 yeterince haz\u0131rlayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, tahliye olmas\u0131 durumunda kendisine avukat tutma \u015fans\u0131 bulabilece\u011fini beyan etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
49. Yarg\u0131laman\u0131n 12\/9\/2002 tarihli celsesinde 1 No.lu DGM, ba\u015fvurucuya 765 say\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fclga Kanun’un 146. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca 30 y\u0131l a\u011f\u0131r hapis cezas\u0131 vermi\u015ftir. Mahk\u00fbmiyet h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn gerek\u00e7esinde ba\u015fvurucunun a\u015famalardaki savunmalar\u0131na de\u011finildikten sonra su\u00e7un s\u00fcbutu ve eylemin hukuki nitelendirmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yer verilen tespit ve de\u011ferlendirmeler \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
i. Ba\u015fvurucunun arkada\u015f\u0131 H.A.Y.nin telkinleri ile \u0130BDA\/C’nin ideolojisini benimsemeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6rg\u00fct lideri S.\u0130.E.nin DGM’de yap\u0131lan duru\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 izlemeye geldi\u011fi, sonras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan izinsiz g\u00f6steriye kat\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle tutuklan\u0131p Metris Kapal\u0131 Ceza \u0130nfaz Kurumunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te ayn\u0131 ko\u011fu\u015fta kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 E.E.K.den boru bomba ve zaman ayarl\u0131, ani ate\u015flemeli bomba yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
ii. Tahliye olduktan sonra bomba yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan ve evinde ele ge\u00e7irilen materyalleri temin etti\u011fi, ard\u0131ndan iddianamede yer verilen be\u015f ayr\u0131 yere bomba konulmas\u0131 eylemlerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi ve ard\u0131ndan da \u00fczerinde ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 bomba ile yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
iii. \u0130ddianameye konu t\u00fcm eylemlerin olay yeri inceleme raporlar\u0131, ekspertiz raporlar\u0131, yer g\u00f6sterme, inceleme ve imha raporlar\u0131 ile ba\u015fvurucunun kollukta al\u0131nan beyan\u0131 do\u011frultusunda sabit oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
iv. Ba\u015fvurucunun ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi kabul edilen eylemlerin insanlar\u0131n topluca ve \u00e7o\u011funlukla girip \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131 yerlerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi itibar\u0131yla yo\u011funlu\u011fu ve toplum \u00fczerinde yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etki dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 765 say\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fclga Kanun’un 146. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen su\u00e7u olu\u015fturdu\u011fu sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
50. Karar tarihi itibar\u0131yla resen de temyiz kanun yolu a\u00e7\u0131k olan mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ve ba\u015fvurucunun da temyiz kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurmalar\u0131 \u00fczerine Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesi 21\/11\/2002 tarihinde, ba\u015fvurucuya at\u0131l\u0131 eylemlerin s\u00fcbutu ve hukuki nitelendirmesine dair tespit ve de\u011ferlendirmelerin hukuka uygun oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015f ancak ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda uygulanan ceza indiriminin idam cezas\u0131 yerine m\u00fcebbet a\u011f\u0131r hapis cezas\u0131 \u00fczerinden uygulanmas\u0131 nedeniyle sonu\u00e7 cezan\u0131n eksik olarak belirlendi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle h\u00fckm\u00fc bozmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
D. Bozma Karar\u0131 \u00dczerine Devam Eden Yarg\u0131lamaya \u0130li\u015fkin S\u00fcre\u00e7<\/p>\n
51. Bozma \u00fczerine devam eden yarg\u0131laman\u0131n 6\/3\/2003 tarihli ilk celsesinde bozma karar\u0131 okunmu\u015f, ba\u015fvurucu karara kar\u015f\u0131 beyanda bulunmak i\u00e7in s\u00fcre talep etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
52. 1 No.lu DGM 12\/6\/2003 tarihli celsede bozma ilam\u0131na uyulmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015f, Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k bozma karar\u0131 \u00f6ncesi verdi\u011fi esas hakk\u0131ndaki m\u00fctalaas\u0131n\u0131 tekrar etmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu bu celsede al\u0131nan savunmas\u0131nda kollukta verdi\u011fi ifadesini kabul etmedi\u011fini, ifade tutana\u011f\u0131nda ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en H.A.Y.yi tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beyan etmi\u015f ve Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n m\u00fctalaas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 beyanda bulunmak \u00fczere s\u00fcre verilmesini talep etmi\u015ftir. 21\/8\/2003 tarihli bir sonraki celsede ise ba\u015fvurucu avukat tuttu\u011funu ve savunma haz\u0131rlayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beyan ederek yeniden s\u00fcre verilmesi talebinde bulunmu\u015ftur. Celse sonunda yarg\u0131lamaya 28\/10\/2003 tarihinde devam edilmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
53. Dosyaya 11\/9\/2003 tarihli vek\u00e2letname ibraz eden ba\u015fvuru m\u00fcdafii, ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hususlara dair 17\/10\/2003 tarihli dilek\u00e7e sunmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fvurucu m\u00fcdafiinin bu dilek\u00e7ede ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc itirazlar\u0131 ve dilek\u00e7eye ekledi\u011fi belgelerin i\u00e7eri\u011fi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
i. Ba\u015fvurucunun kollukta al\u0131nan ifadesinin asl\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucuya ait olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, tutanakta yer alan beyanlar\u0131n kolluk taraf\u0131ndan kurgu sonucu haz\u0131rlan\u0131p tutana\u011f\u0131n ba\u015fvurucuya i\u015fkence sonucunda imzalat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu ifadeyi i\u00e7eren tutana\u011f\u0131n bir sayfas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fvurucunun ba\u015fka bir eylem nedeniyle \u0130stanbul 4. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesinde a\u00e7\u0131lan ceza davas\u0131na konu soru\u015fturma evresinde \u00f6nceden al\u0131nan kolluk beyan\u0131ndan, bir sayfas\u0131n\u0131n da H.S. adl\u0131 ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ayr\u0131 bir soru\u015fturmada bu ki\u015finin 31\/8\/1999 tarihinde kollukta al\u0131nan ifadesinden birebir kopyaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
ii. Ba\u015fvurucu m\u00fcdafii bu ba\u011flamda, H.S. hakk\u0131nda \u0130BDA\/C ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00fcyesi olma su\u00e7undan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen farkl\u0131 bir soru\u015fturma s\u0131ras\u0131nda bu ki\u015fiye kollukta \u00f6rg\u00fcte ne zaman ve nas\u0131l kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na, \u00f6rg\u00fctteki konumunun, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn yay\u0131n kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ve 1999 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fct i\u00e7in \u00f6neminin ne oldu\u011funa dair sorulan sorulara ve bu ki\u015finin verdi\u011fi cevaplara ba\u015fvurucunun kollukta al\u0131nan ifadesine dair tutanakta birebir yer verildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca ba\u015fvurucu ve H.S. hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan davalar\u0131n hangi mahkemelerin hangi esas say\u0131l\u0131 dosyalar\u0131nda devam etti\u011fine dair a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda da bulunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
iii. Belirtilen nedenlerle bozma karar\u0131 \u00f6ncesi Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n sundu\u011fu esas hakk\u0131nda m\u00fctalaada ve gerek\u00e7eli kararda ba\u015fvurucunun H.A.Y. ile ilgili anlat\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren beyanlar\u0131n ba\u015fvurucuya ait olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrerek s\u00f6z konusu dosyalar\u0131n getirtilerek incelenmesi talebinde bulunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
iv. Dilek\u00e7e ekinde H.S.nin kollukta al\u0131nan ifadesine dair tutanak da sunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
54. 28\/10\/2003 tarihli celsede ba\u015fvurucu ve m\u00fcdafii haz\u0131r bulunmu\u015f ve duru\u015fmada ba\u015fvurucu m\u00fcdafiinin 17\/10\/2003 tarihli dilek\u00e7esi okunduktan sonra dilek\u00e7e ve ekindeki ifade tutana\u011f\u0131 ile t\u00fcm dosya kapsam\u0131n\u0131n yeterli g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gerek\u00e7esiyle dilek\u00e7ede belirtilen hususlar\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 talebi reddedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
55. Ba\u015fvurucu m\u00fcdafii 23\/3\/2004 havale tarihli dilek\u00e7esiyle Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n m\u00fctalaas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131n\u0131 sunmu\u015ftur. An\u0131lan dilek\u00e7ede ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen itirazlar \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
i. Ba\u015fvurucunun kolluk ifadesinin baz\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka ki\u015filerin ifadelerinden kopyaland\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve bu beyanlar\u0131n h\u00fckme esas al\u0131namayaca\u011f\u0131na dair 17\/10\/2003 tarihli dilek\u00e7ede ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen itirazlar\u0131 yinelemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
ii. Ba\u015fvurucu her ne kadar soru\u015fturma evresinde verdi\u011fi ifadelerde evde bomba yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan malzemelerin kendisine ait oldu\u011funu kabul etse de;<\/p>\n
– Dan\u0131\u015ftay\u0131n yak\u0131n tarihte verdi\u011fi bir karara g\u00f6re san\u0131klar\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131 olsa bile mahkeme karar\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ikamette arama yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu suretle elde edilen delillerin hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 delil oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
– Ba\u015fvurucunun dava konusu bombalama eylemlerini kabul etmedi\u011fini, bu eylemleri onun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair herhangi bir delil de bulunamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
iii. Bombalama eylemlerinde kimsenin \u00f6lmedi\u011fini ya da yaralanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ba\u015fvurucunun h\u00fckme esas al\u0131nan kolluk ifadesinde de Carrefour Al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f Merkezinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen patlama \u00f6ncesinde ma\u011faza g\u00f6revlilerine haber verilerek \u00f6nlem al\u0131nmas\u0131 telkininde bulunuldu\u011funa dair anlat\u0131mlar oldu\u011funu vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kolluk ifadesi do\u011fru kabul edilse bile bu eylemin vahametinden s\u00f6z edilemeyece\u011fi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla eylemlerin hukuki nitelendirmesinin hatal\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
56. Di\u011fer yandan ba\u015fvurucu da m\u00fcdafiinin beyanlar\u0131na ek olarak 23\/3\/2004 havale tarihli dilek\u00e7esiyle esas hakk\u0131nda m\u00fctalaaya kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131n\u0131 sunmu\u015ftur. An\u0131lan dilek\u00e7ede yer verilen ifadeler \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
i. Ba\u015fvurucu, m\u00fcdafiinin sundu\u011fu 17\/10\/2003 tarihli dilek\u00e7ede yer alan a\u00e7\u0131klamalar ve ekinde sunulan H.S.ye ait ifade tutana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sureti itibar\u0131yla kendi kolluk ifadesi olarak bozma \u00f6ncesi h\u00fckme esas al\u0131nan beyanlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kan\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. Savunmas\u0131n\u0131n hukuki y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc m\u00fcdafiine b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek \u00f6nemli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yledi\u011fi farkl\u0131 bir hususa daha de\u011finmek istedi\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
ii. Ba\u015fvurucu bu ba\u011flamda, \u00fczerinde patlamaya haz\u0131r olmayan bomba ile kendi iste\u011fiyle yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu nedenle bomba imal etmek ve \u00f6rg\u00fcte yard\u0131m su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi h\u00e2lde kendisine ait olmayan ifadeler gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6sterilerek 765 say\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fclga Kanun’un 146. maddesi uyar\u0131nca hakk\u0131nda hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 ve a\u011f\u0131r bir ceza verildi\u011fini beyan etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
iii. Bombalama eylemlerinin kendisi taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi kabul edilse dahi bu eylemlerde patlayan bombalar\u0131n basit ses bombalar\u0131 oldu\u011funu, olaylarda \u00f6l\u00fcm ya da yaralanma meydana gelmedi\u011fini, bir\u00e7ok ki\u015finin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ya da yaraland\u0131\u011f\u0131 farkl\u0131 eylemlerle ciddi hasarlar\u0131n olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bombalama eylemleriyle patlamaya haz\u0131r olmayan bombayla yakalanma eylemlerine ayn\u0131 cezan\u0131n verilemeyece\u011fini, bu durumunu hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
iv. Kendi iste\u011fiyle yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nceki savunmalar\u0131nda da dile getirdi\u011fini, istikl\u00e2l mahkemeleri kurulup kendisine idam cezas\u0131 verilse dahi bu davran\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan pi\u015fman olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
57. Yarg\u0131laman\u0131n 23\/3\/2004 tarihli celsesinde haz\u0131r bulunan ba\u015fvurucu ve m\u00fcdafii ayn\u0131 tarihli savunma dilek\u00e7elerini dosyaya sunmu\u015flar ve bu dilek\u00e7elerde dile getirdikleri hususlar kendileri taraf\u0131ndan yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 okunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
58. DGM’lerin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczerine dosyan\u0131n devredildi\u011fi \u0130stanbul (Kapat\u0131lan) 9. A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesi (4\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu’nun m\u00fclga 250. maddesi ile g\u00f6revli) ba\u015fvurucu ve m\u00fcdafiinin haz\u0131r bulundu\u011fu 20\/4\/2006 tarihli celsede ba\u015fvurucunun 765 say\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fclga Kanun’un 146. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca m\u00fcebbet hapis cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
59. Gerek\u00e7eli kararda, farkl\u0131 tarihlerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen be\u015f ayr\u0131 bombalama eylemi sonras\u0131 kolluk g\u00f6revlileri ve polis kriminal taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen raporlara, ba\u015fvurucunun yakalanmas\u0131 sonras\u0131 d\u00fczenlenen yakalama ve evinde yap\u0131lan arama i\u015flemine dair tutanaklara, ba\u015fvurucuda ele ge\u00e7irilen bomba ile evinde bulunan materyallere dair ekspertiz raporlar\u0131na, ba\u015fvurucunun kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer g\u00f6sterme i\u015flemlerine dair tutanaklarla a\u015famalarda verdi\u011fi ifadelere de\u011finildikten sonra \u0130BDA\/C’nin ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olarak kabul\u00fcne dair yer verilen de\u011ferlendirmeler \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u0130BDA-C ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc; b\u00fcy\u00fck do\u011fu fikrinden etkilenerek bu fikir \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde dergiler \u00e7\u0131karan [S.\u0130.E.nin] 1985-1986 y\u0131llar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye’deki mevcut rejimi y\u0131karak dini temellere dayal\u0131 ve merkezi T\u00fcrkiye de olacak \u015fekilde t\u00fcm m\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7ine alan b\u00fcy\u00fck do\u011fu kurarak cemiyet iradesini temsil eden 101 ki\u015fiden olu\u015fan ve kendince ayd\u0131nlar aristokrasisi ad\u0131 verilen y\u00fcceler kurultay\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inden se\u00e7ti\u011fi Ba\u015f Y\u00fcce Devletini kurmak amac\u0131yla bu \u015fahs\u0131n liderli\u011finde kurulan ve 3713 S.Y. kapsam\u0131nda bir ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olup, \u00f6rg\u00fct stratejisinin tebli\u011f ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ile ba\u015flayan ve cihat ile biten bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 sonunda federal bir islam devletinin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, bu hedefe ula\u015fmada silahl\u0131 eylem ve \u015fiddeti zorunlu g\u00f6rerek propaganda amac\u0131yla eylemler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi, ana amac\u0131n Anayasal D\u00fczeni silah zoruyla de\u011fi\u015ftirerek federal bir islam devleti kurmak olup, 1990 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra silahl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131, bomba atma, yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6steri yapma, gasp gibi eylemler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.”<\/p>\n
60. Mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131nda, davaya konu eylemleri ba\u015fvurucunun ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fine dair yer alan de\u011ferlendirmeler \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
i. Yakalama tutana\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re ba\u015fvurucunun \u00fczerinde bomba ile yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu tutana\u011f\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu i\u015flemi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren iki kolluk g\u00f6revlisinin kovu\u015fturma evresinde al\u0131nan tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131yla do\u011fruland\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bununla birlikte, ba\u015fvurucunun evinde yap\u0131lan arama i\u015flemi sonucunda d\u00fczenlenen tutana\u011fa at\u0131f yap\u0131larak ba\u015fvurucunun evinde bomba yap\u0131m\u0131na dair materyaller, bombal\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 yap\u0131lan ADD’den al\u0131nan fihrist ve \u00f6rg\u00fcte ait kitaplarla pankartlar\u0131n ele ge\u00e7irildi\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
ii. Ba\u015fvurucunun kollukta al\u0131nan ifadesinde yer alan ve H.S. adl\u0131 ki\u015finin ifadesinden kopyaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilen k\u0131s\u0131mlara de\u011finilmeksizin ba\u015fvurucunun dava konusu bombalama eylemlerine ve son eylemin ard\u0131ndan bomba ile yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair anlat\u0131mlar\u0131na yer verilmi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer yandan be\u015f ayr\u0131 bombalama eylemine dair yer g\u00f6sterme tutanaklar\u0131n\u0131n da ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131, b\u00f6ylece an\u0131lan tutanaklar\u0131n ba\u015fvurucunun kollukta al\u0131nan ifadesini do\u011frulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
iii. Ba\u015fvurucunun evinde ele ge\u00e7irilen bomba yap\u0131m \u015femas\u0131 ve tarife dair el yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ekspertiz raporuna g\u00f6re E.E.K. adl\u0131 ki\u015finin eli \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc oldu\u011fu bilgisi aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve ba\u015fvurucunun kolluktaki ifadesinde de bomba yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 bu ki\u015fiden \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemesinin dikkate de\u011fer oldu\u011fu vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca kolluk ve ekspertiz raporlar\u0131nda da ba\u015fvurucunun evinde ele ge\u00e7irilen materyallerle zaman ayarl\u0131, par\u00e7a ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 etkili boru bomba yap\u0131labilece\u011fine dair tespitler bulunuldu\u011funun alt\u0131 \u00e7izilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
iv. Her ne kadar ba\u015fvurucu kollukta verdi\u011fi ifadesini sonradan ink\u00e2r etmi\u015fse de dosyadaki di\u011fer delillerin bu ifadeyi do\u011frular nitelikte oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
v. Dosya kapsam\u0131nda hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak elde edilen ve dosyadan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir delil olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
vi. Belirtilen nedenlerle ba\u015fvurucunun \u00f6rg\u00fct eleba\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kitaplar\u0131ndan ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinden etkilenerek \u00f6nce \u00f6rg\u00fcte sempati duydu\u011fu, sonras\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fct mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n yarg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 mahkeme \u00f6n\u00fcndeki g\u00f6steriye kat\u0131l\u0131p tutukland\u0131\u011f\u0131, tutuklu kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te E.E.K.dan bomba yap\u0131m\u0131 konusunda e\u011fitim ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, tahliye olduktan sonra piyasadan bomba yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan malzemeleri toplay\u0131p eylem s\u00fcrecine girdi\u011fi, bu ba\u011flamda iddianameye konu be\u015f ayr\u0131 bombalama eylemini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi, 25\/12\/1999 tarihinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi Kanal D binas\u0131na ait bah\u00e7e duvar\u0131na bomba b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 eyleminden sonra da patlamaya haz\u0131r bomba ile yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
61. An\u0131lan kararda s\u00f6z konusu eylemlerin hukuki nitelendirmesine ve h\u00fckme konu cezaya ili\u015fkin lehe kanunun belirlenmesine dair yer alan de\u011ferlendirmeler ise \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
i. Ba\u015fvurucunun ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi eylemlerin insanlar\u0131n can\u0131na ve mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlerine y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011fu, \u00fcyesi oldu\u011fu ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn amac\u0131 da dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu eylemlerin vahamet arz etti\u011fi, b\u00f6ylece an\u0131lan eylemlerin \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesi do\u011frultusundaki \u00f6rg\u00fctsel ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 destekledi\u011fi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u0130BDA\/C ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasas\u0131’n\u0131 silah zoruyla de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye y\u00f6nelik eylemlerine ba\u015fvurucunun da dava konusu eylemleriyle i\u015ftirak ederek Anayasa’y\u0131 ihlal su\u00e7unu i\u015fledi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
ii. Ba\u015fvurucunun eylemlerine konu cezan\u0131n belirlenmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan 765 say\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fclga Kanun’un 146. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 ile sonradan y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 26\/9\/2004 tarihli ve 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu’nun Anayasa’y\u0131 ihlal su\u00e7unun d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi 309. maddesinin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
iii. Bu ba\u011flamda, su\u00e7un unsurlar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan her iki kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn ayn\u0131 oldu\u011fu ancak 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 309. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda bu su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda ba\u015fka su\u00e7lar\u0131n da i\u015flenmesi h\u00e2linde ayr\u0131ca di\u011fer su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 da ceza verilmesinin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun gere\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 durumunda ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda her bir bombalama eylemi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ayr\u0131ca ayn\u0131 Kanun’un 274. ve 213. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca da ceza verilmesi gerekti\u011fi, bu durumda ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131ndaki temel cezan\u0131n lehine oldu\u011fu sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lan 765 say\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fclga Kanun’un 146. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca belirlenmesi gerekti\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
62. Karar tarihi itibar\u0131yla resen de temyiz kanun yolu a\u00e7\u0131k olan mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fvurucu m\u00fcdafii de kendisinin ve ba\u015fvurucunun celselerde s\u00f6zl\u00fc olarak ya da sunduklar\u0131 dilek\u00e7elerle ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fckleri itirazlar\u0131 yineleyerek temyiz kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur. Yarg\u0131tay ise 19\/7\/2006 tarihinde mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131n\u0131 onam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
E. Ba\u015fvurucu Hakk\u0131ndaki Yarg\u0131laman\u0131n Yenilenmesi S\u00fcreci<\/p>\n
63. Ba\u015fvurucu ve m\u00fcdafii, h\u00fckm\u00fcn kesinle\u015fmesine kadar devam eden s\u00fcre\u00e7te ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fckleri itirazlar\u0131na ek olarak \u0130BDA\/C mensubu olduklar\u0131 iddias\u0131yla haklar\u0131nda \u00f6nceden kesinle\u015fmi\u015f mahk\u00fbmiyet kararlar\u0131 bulunan S.\u0130.E. ve S.U. adl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcler hakk\u0131nda sonradan \u0130stanbul 14. A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesince yarg\u0131laman\u0131n yenilendi\u011fini ve beraat karar\u0131 verilip bu karar\u0131n kesinle\u015fti\u011fini, bu karar\u0131n ba\u015fvurucu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da emsal oldu\u011funu beyan edip ilgili karar\u0131 da ibraz ederek yarg\u0131laman\u0131n yenilenmesi talebinde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
64. Talebe dayanak olan dava dosyas\u0131na g\u00f6re \u0130stanbul 14. A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesi 22\/7\/2014 tarihinde, daha \u00f6nce \u0130stanbul DGM’nin 2\/4\/2001 tarihli ve E.1999\/19, K.2001\/105 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131yla \u0130BDA\/C \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn lideri oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u00fcebbet hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olan S.\u0130.E. hakk\u0131ndaki yarg\u0131laman\u0131n yenilenmesine karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
65. An\u0131lan davada yeniden yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lamada tan\u0131k anlat\u0131mlar\u0131na, o d\u00f6nemde g\u00f6rev yapan yarg\u0131 mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n bas\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan beyanlar\u0131na, T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi (TBMM) Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Komisyonu raporuna, Anayasa Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan verilen hak ihlali kararlar\u0131na ve di\u011fer delillere dayan\u0131larak 2\/3\/2016 tarihinde \u00f6nceki h\u00fckm\u00fcn ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n beraatine karar verilmi\u015ftir. S.\u0130.E. hakk\u0131ndaki gerek\u00e7e \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n
“[S.\u0130.E. hakk\u0131ndaki \u00f6nceki] mahkumiyet h\u00fckm\u00fcnde kabul edilip benimsendi\u011fi \u015fekliyle \u015fiddet eylemlerinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 1991 – 1992 y\u0131llar\u0131ndan sonra olu\u015fturulan cephe hareketlerinde emir, talimat verme veya sair \u015fekilde y\u00f6nlendirmesi oldu\u011funa, \u0130BDA\/C silahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ve \u015fiddet eylemlerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi kabul edilen birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z cephe ve h\u00fccre olu\u015fumlar\u0131 ile aras\u0131nda organik ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funa dair mahkumiyetine elveri\u015fli ve yeterli, kesin ve inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, somut ve objektif hi\u00e7bir kan\u0131t mevcut olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131;<\/p>\n
[A]ralar\u0131nda hiyerar\u015fik bir yap\u0131lanma olmaks\u0131z\u0131n birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hareket ederek ald\u0131klar\u0131 kararlar\u0131 faaliyete ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi kabul edilen \u0130BDA\/C \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri anayasal d\u00fczeni de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye ve ortadan kald\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddet eylemlerine do\u011frudan do\u011fruya kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilemeyen h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn, salt kitaplar\u0131ndan etkilenildi\u011fi ve eserlerinin \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyelerinin siyasi ve ideolojik altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle s\u00f6z konusu eylemlerden cezai y\u00f6nden sorumlu tutulmas\u0131 \u015feklindeki bir anlay\u0131\u015f ve hukuki yorumun kabul edilemeyece\u011fi, \u00f6nceki mahkumiyet h\u00fckm\u00fcnde kabul edilip h\u00fckme dayanak yap\u0131lan ‘lidersiz bir \u00f6rg\u00fct d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemeyece\u011finden \u00f6rg\u00fct mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n Kumandan s\u0131fat\u0131 ile lider olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri ve ba\u011fl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 S.\u0130.E.nin \u0130BDA\/C silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc lideri oldu\u011fu ve bu y\u00fczden de \u00f6rg\u00fct mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi eylemlerden \u00f6rg\u00fct lideri olarak sorumlu oldu\u011fu’ \u015feklindeki bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n modern ceza hukukunun \u015fahsili\u011fi ve kusur sorumlulu\u011fu ilkeleriyle ba\u011fda\u015fmayan, toptanc\u0131 bir anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ifade eden deyim yerinde ise \u00f6rg\u00fcte lider bulmaya d\u00f6n\u00fck, d\u00f6nem hukuku anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve zorlama bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131;<\/p>\n
Bu gerek\u00e7elerle h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc [S.\u0130.E.nin] \u00fczerine at\u0131l\u0131 765 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK’n\u0131n 146\/1 maddesine m\u00fcmas T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasas\u0131n\u0131n Tamam\u0131n\u0131 veya Bir K\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 Ta\u011fyir ve Tebdil veya \u0130lgaya ve Anayasa ile Te\u015fekk\u00fcl Etmi\u015f Olan T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisini \u0130skata veya Vazifesini Yapmaktan Men’e Cebren Te\u015febb\u00fcs Etmek (Anayasay\u0131 Cebren \u0130lgaya Te\u015febb\u00fcs) su\u00e7unu i\u015fledi\u011fine dair her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ku\u015fkudan uzak, hukuka uygun kesin ve inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 delil elde edilemedi\u011fi […]” <\/p>\n
66. Ba\u015fvurucu ve m\u00fcdafiinin talepleri \u0130stanbul (Kapat\u0131lan) 9. A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesi (5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un m\u00fclga 250. maddesi ile g\u00f6revli) 7\/1\/2019 tarihinde ve oy\u00e7oklu\u011fuyla talebin kabule de\u011fer oldu\u011funa ve ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131ndaki infaz\u0131n durdurulmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. Gerek\u00e7ede yer verilen tespitler \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
i. Kesinle\u015fen mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131nda belirleyici delilin ba\u015fvurucunun soru\u015fturma evresinde m\u00fcdafi haz\u0131r bulunmadan verdi\u011fi ve m\u00fcdafi yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada ink\u00e2r etti\u011fi ifadeler oldu\u011fu, s\u00f6z konusu beyanlar\u0131 destekleyen ba\u015fkaca delilin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kararda da belirtilmedi\u011fi, bu durumun temyiz kanun yolunda da de\u011ferlendirilmedi\u011fi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucunun m\u00fcdafi yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlanma hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda savunma i\u00e7in gerekli zaman ve kolayl\u0131klara sahip olma hakk\u0131na verilen zarar\u0131n telafi edilmedi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
ii. Di\u011fer yandan \u0130BDA\/C \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne ili\u015fkin yarg\u0131laman\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u0130stanbul 14. A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesinin dosyas\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fct lideri ve y\u00f6neticisi oldu\u011fu iddia edilen ki\u015filer hakk\u0131nda yarg\u0131laman\u0131n yenilenmesi \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lamada bu ki\u015filerin beraat etti\u011fi, yine an\u0131lan \u00f6rg\u00fcte dair \u0130stanbul 11 ve 13. A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemeleri ile \u0130zmir 8. A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen davalardaki san\u0131klar\u0131n hukuki durumlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fvurucu ile benzer oldu\u011fu, an\u0131lan davalarda da san\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda yeniden yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lamalar sonucu verilen beraat kararlar\u0131n\u0131n kesinle\u015fti\u011fi bilgilerine yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
iii. Belirtilen nedenlerle ba\u015fvurucunun adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki m\u00fcdafi yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlanma hakk\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak hakkaniyete uygun yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik g\u00fcvencenin sa\u011flanabilmesi i\u00e7in yarg\u0131laman\u0131n yenilenmesi talebinin kabul\u00fcne karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
67. Karara muhalif kalan bir \u00fcyenin talebin kabule de\u011fer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fine ili\u015fkin kar\u015f\u0131oyunda belirtti\u011fi gerek\u00e7esi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
i. \u0130stanbul 14. A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesinin S.\u0130.E. ve S.U. hakk\u0131nda yarg\u0131laman\u0131n yenilenmesi sonucunda verdi\u011fi kararda \u0130BDA\/C adl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn mevcut olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair tespit yap\u0131lmay\u0131p an\u0131lan ki\u015filerin \u00f6rg\u00fctle ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 bulundu\u011funa dair delil olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahisle beraat karar\u0131 verildi\u011fi, bu h\u00e2liyle an\u0131lan dosyan\u0131n ba\u015fvurucu lehine durum yaratmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve her iki dosya aras\u0131nda hukuki veya fiil\u00ee irtibat bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
ii. Ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda kesinle\u015fen kararda ba\u015fvurucunun g\u00f6zalt\u0131nda m\u00fcdafi haz\u0131r bulunmaks\u0131z\u0131n verdi\u011fi ifadeler delil olarak kabul edilmi\u015fse de kovu\u015fturma evresinde ba\u015fvurucunun m\u00fcdafi yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve m\u00fcdafi huzurundaki al\u0131nan savunmas\u0131nda \u00fczerinde yakalanan bombay\u0131 kendisinin imal etti\u011fini kabul etti\u011fi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6nceki ifadesinin k\u0131smen de olsa do\u011fruland\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece kovu\u015fturma evresinde sa\u011flanan m\u00fcdafi yard\u0131m\u0131yla bu hakka soru\u015fturma evresinde verilen zarar\u0131n telafi edildi\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
iii. Di\u011fer yandan ba\u015fvurucunun soru\u015fturma evresinde al\u0131nan ifadelerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra tutanak tan\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n da ifadelerinin al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, kararda yer g\u00f6sterme ve arama tutanaklar\u0131yla ekspertiz raporlar\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere dosya kapsam\u0131nda toplanan t\u00fcm delillerin birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015fvurucunun soru\u015fturma evresinde m\u00fcdafii haz\u0131r bulunmaks\u0131z\u0131n al\u0131nan ifadelerinin mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131nda tek veya belirleyici delil olarak h\u00fckme esas al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
68. Ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda yeniden yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama, dosyan\u0131n devredildi\u011fi \u0130stanbul 9. A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesinde (Mahkeme) g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yarg\u0131laman\u0131n 2\/5\/2019 tarihli ilk celsesinde m\u00fcdafii de haz\u0131r bulunan ba\u015fvurucunun savunmas\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucu ifadesinde;<\/p>\n
i. 1985 ila 1999 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar de\u011fi\u015fik \u015firketlerde muhasebeci olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, 1999 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar hakk\u0131nda adli i\u015flem uygulanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Necip Faz\u0131l K\u0131sak\u00fcrek’in kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 okuduktan sonra S.\u0130.E.nin yakalanma ve yarg\u0131lanma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini takip etti\u011fini, bu ki\u015finin DGM’deki duru\u015fmas\u0131na izleyici olarak kat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131p iki ay s\u00fcreyle de tutuklu kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu nedenle i\u015finden de ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu durumun hayat\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
ii. 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fanan siyasal s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde ter\u00f6rle m\u00fccadelede g\u00f6revli kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n Fetullah\u00e7\u0131 Ter\u00f6r \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\/Paralel Devlet Yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 (FET\u00d6\/PDY) mensubu oldu\u011funu, bu nedenle kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin kendisini 6 kez g\u00f6zalt\u0131na ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve bu y\u0131l i\u00e7inde 2 kez de tutukland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hakk\u0131nda uygulanan keyf\u00ee g\u00f6zalt\u0131 sonras\u0131nda kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin istedikleri y\u00f6nde ifade vermesi hususunda kendisine fiziksel ve psikolojik tehdit yoluyla i\u015fkence yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu zor durum nedeniyle polislerin her dedi\u011fini kabul etmek zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu beyanlar\u0131 da kovu\u015fturma s\u00fcrecinde ink\u00e2r etti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
iii. \u0130BDA\/C adl\u0131 bir \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn var olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, lideri olarak g\u00f6sterilen S.\u0130.E. hakk\u0131nda beraat karar\u0131 verildi\u011fini ve bu ki\u015finin sonradan da vefat etti\u011fini, dava konusu hi\u00e7bir eylemi kabul etmedi\u011fini, bu eylemleri kendisinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fine dair delil bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kolluk ifadesindeki baz\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n ba\u015fka ki\u015fi hakk\u0131ndaki ifade tutana\u011f\u0131ndan al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu y\u00f6ndeki itirazlar\u0131n\u0131n kovu\u015fturma evresinde de dikkate al\u0131nmay\u0131p farkl\u0131 bir ki\u015fi \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lan kurgu ile mahk\u00fbm oldu\u011funu beyan etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
iv. Ba\u015fvurucuya yakalama, yer g\u00f6sterme ve arama i\u015flemine dair tutanaklar okunup ayr\u0131ca bomba ile yakalan\u0131p yakalanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 soruldu\u011funda; bu hususun kendisi hakk\u0131ndaki dava s\u00fcrecinde kollu\u011fun k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli eylemlerini de g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcne alarak de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fini, bomba yap\u0131m \u015femas\u0131nda el yaz\u0131s\u0131 bulunan E.E.K. ile ayn\u0131 ko\u011fu\u015fta kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, s\u00f6z konusu bomban\u0131n ve bomba yap\u0131m \u015femas\u0131n\u0131n kendisi yakalanmadan \u00f6nce bir \u015fekilde kollu\u011fun eline ge\u00e7mi\u015f olabilece\u011fini, kendisinin de birden \u00e7ok kez g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131p kolluk taraf\u0131ndan mimlenmesi sonucunda s\u00f6z konusu materyallerin kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak kendisinde bulunmu\u015f gibi tutanaklar d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olabilece\u011fini, arama s\u0131ras\u0131nda kendisinin evinde k\u0131sa s\u00fcre durup karakola gitti\u011fi h\u00e2lde kom\u015fular\u0131ndan duydu\u011fu kadar\u0131yla kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin evde bir sonraki g\u00fcn \u00f6\u011flen saatlerine kadar kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
v. Ba\u015fvurucuya kovu\u015fturma s\u00fcrecinde de S.\u0130.E. ile ayn\u0131 ko\u011fu\u015fta kalabilmek i\u00e7in bomba d\u00fczene\u011fiyle yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair beyanlar\u0131 soruldu\u011funda; olay gecesi asl\u0131nda bomba ile yakalanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, alt\u0131 kere hakk\u0131nda adli i\u015flem yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve kolluk taraf\u0131ndan ailesiyle tehdit edilmi\u015f biri olarak tutukland\u0131ktan sonra da bu durumun yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 psikolojik \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn devam etti\u011fini, tutuklanmas\u0131n\u0131n bu tehdidi ortadan kald\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, duru\u015fmalarda da bu duruma uygun savunmalar yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, o zaman tam ne dedi\u011fini hat\u0131rlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ancak tutanaklar\u0131n do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in polislerin ifadelerinin al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etti\u011fi h\u00e2lde tutanak d\u00fczenleyen polislerin sadece bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ifadesinin al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ifadesi al\u0131nan baz\u0131 polislerin ev aramas\u0131nda bomba yap\u0131m\u0131na dair materyaller g\u00f6rmedi\u011fini de s\u00f6yledi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
69. Yarg\u0131laman\u0131n 5\/11\/2019 tarihli 3. celsesinde de m\u00fcdafii ile duru\u015fmada haz\u0131r bulunan ba\u015fvurucu; \u00f6nceki celse dile getirdi\u011fi savunmas\u0131na ek olarak davan\u0131n FET\u00d6\/PDY mensubu kolluk g\u00f6revlileri taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan belgelerle kurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu nedenle siyasi bir dava oldu\u011funu, kendisi hakk\u0131ndaki davan\u0131n da h\u00fckm\u00fcn kesinle\u015fmesinden \u00f6nce \u0130BDA\/C ile ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fclen farkl\u0131 bir davayla hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak birle\u015ftirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beyan etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
70. Mahkeme yarg\u0131laman\u0131n 8\/4\/2021 tarihli 8. celsesinde, ba\u015fvurucunun kendi kolluk ifadesine beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n kopyalanarak eklendi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve duru\u015fmada haz\u0131r etti\u011fi H.S.nin tan\u0131k olarak ifadesini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. H.S. beyan\u0131nda; ba\u015fvurucunun kendisine g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi kolluk ifadesinde yer alan H.A.Y. adl\u0131 ki\u015fiye tan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na, yaz\u0131 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 dergilere dair ifadeleri kollukta kendisinin verdi\u011fini, bu beyanlar\u0131n ba\u015fvurucunun ifadesine kopyaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, H.A.Y.yi o d\u00f6nemde kendisinden ba\u015fka kimsenin tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ifadede ge\u00e7en dergilerde de kendisinin yaz\u0131lar yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu dergilerin de ba\u015fvurucunun 1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda gelmesinden \u00f6nce 1987 ve 1988 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beyan etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
71. \u0130stanbul Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 9\/11\/2021 tarihinde Mahkemeye sundu\u011fu esas hakk\u0131nda m\u00fctalaada, ba\u015fvurucunun soru\u015fturma evresinde m\u00fcdafi haz\u0131r bulunmadan verdi\u011fi beyanlar\u0131n\u0131 kovu\u015fturma evresinde ve m\u00fcdafi yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada, \u00fczerinde ele ge\u00e7irilen bombay\u0131 kendisinin imal etti\u011fi s\u00f6ylemek suretiyle k\u0131smen de olsa do\u011frulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulam\u0131\u015f; kesinle\u015fen h\u00fckme dair yarg\u0131lamada tutanak tan\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yeminli olarak al\u0131nan beyanlar\u0131, yer g\u00f6sterme tutanaklar\u0131, arama tutanaklar\u0131, ekspertiz raporlar\u0131 ile t\u00fcm dosya kapsam\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde ba\u015fvurucunun \u00f6nceki h\u00fck\u00fcm gibi cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
72. Ba\u015fvurucu m\u00fcdafii, m\u00fctalaaya kar\u015f\u0131 sundu\u011fu dilek\u00e7esinde dile getirdi\u011fi itirazlar\u0131nda \u00f6nceki savunmalar\u0131na ek olarak davaya konu eylemlerin birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z oldu\u011funu ve ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011finin de delillendirilemedi\u011fini, buna kar\u015f\u0131n ba\u015fvurucunun soru\u015fturma evresinde ifadesinin al\u0131nmas\u0131ndan y\u0131llar sonra m\u00fcdafi huzurunda beyanda bulunmas\u0131yla m\u00fcdafi yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlanma hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahalenin, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da davan\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcne yans\u0131yan adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 ihlalinin telafi edilmi\u015f say\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, benzer davalarda \u00f6rg\u00fct lideri ve y\u00f6neticisi olduklar\u0131 iddia edilen ki\u015filer hakk\u0131nda beraat kararlar\u0131 verildi\u011fini, ortada \u0130BDA\/C adl\u0131 bir \u00f6rg\u00fct olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kesinle\u015fen h\u00fckme konu yarg\u0131laman\u0131n 28 \u015eubat s\u00fcrecinin etkileri ile FET\u00d6\/PDY mensubu kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin y\u00f6nlendirmesi \u00fczerine mahk\u00fbmiyetle sonu\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
73. Yarg\u0131lama sonucunda Mahkeme 10\/12\/2021 tarihinde ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131nda kesinle\u015fen \u00f6nceki h\u00fckm\u00fcn aynen onaylanmas\u0131na ve infaz\u0131n devam\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. Gerek\u00e7eli kararda yer verilen de\u011ferlendirmeler \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Yeniden yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lamada san\u0131k ve m\u00fcdafinin savunmalar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, yeniden yarg\u0131lamaya konu edilen ve ba\u015fka mahkemelerde \u0130BDA\/C isimli \u00f6rg\u00fct hakk\u0131nda san\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda verilen beraat h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin dosyam\u0131z h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcs\u00fc A.A.y\u00f6n\u00fcnden lehe durum olu\u015fturmayaca\u011f\u0131, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda m\u00fcdafi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n beyanda bulundu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015f ise de; yarg\u0131lama a\u015famalar\u0131nda m\u00fcdafi yard\u0131m\u0131ndan faydaland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc A.A.’\u0131n m\u00fcdafi huzurunda yakalanan bombay\u0131 kendisinin imal etti\u011fini ikrar etti\u011fi, t\u00fcm dosya i\u00e7eri\u011fi, dinlenen tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131, yer g\u00f6sterme tutanaklar\u0131, arama tutanaklar\u0131, ekspertiz raporlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer deliller de dikkate al\u0131narak mahkumiyet h\u00fckm\u00fc kurmaya yeterli oldu\u011fu kanaatine var\u0131l[m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.]”<\/p>\n
74. Ba\u015fvurucu m\u00fcdafii, mahkeme karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 a\u015famalarda ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc itirazlar\u0131n\u0131 tekrar ederek temyiz kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurmu\u015f, Yarg\u0131tay 21\/6\/2022 tarihinde mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131 onam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yarg\u0131tay karar\u0131nda yer verilen de\u011ferlendirme \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“Yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda toplanan deliller karar yerinde incelenip, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcyesi bulundu\u011fu ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti Anayasas\u0131n\u0131 zorla de\u011fi\u015ftirme amac\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak vehamet arz eden olaylar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u00fcbutu kabul olunan eylemlerinin ama\u00e7 su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesi do\u011frultusundaki \u00f6rg\u00fctsel ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k ile \u00fclke genelindeki organik b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00f6re amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme tehlikesi yaratabilecek nitelikte oldu\u011fu belirlenip, kovu\u015fturma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na uygun \u015fekilde vasf\u0131 tayin edilmi\u015f; savunmas\u0131 inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 gerek\u00e7elerle reddedilmi\u015f; incelenen dosya kapsam\u0131na g\u00f6re verilen h\u00fck\u00fcmde bir isabetsizlik g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f[tir.]”<\/p>\n
IV. \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 HUKUK<\/p>\n
A. Ulusal Hukuk<\/p>\n
1. Adil Yarg\u0131lanma Hakk\u0131 Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
75. Adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin ulusal hukuk kaynaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. Yavuz Arslan [1. B.], B. No: 2014\/16433, 9\/11\/2017, \u00a7\u00a7 28-34.<\/p>\n
2. Su\u00e7ta ve Cezada Kanunilik \u0130lkesi Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
a. \u0130lgili Mevzuat<\/p>\n
76. 765 say\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fclga Kanun’un 146. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n olay tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan h\u00e2li \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Te\u015fkilat\u0131 Esasiye Kanununun tamam\u0131n\u0131 veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ta\u011fyir ve tebdil veya ilgaya ve bu kanun ile te\u015fekk\u00fcl etmi\u015f olan B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisini iskata veya vazifesini yapmaktan men’e cebren te\u015febb\u00fcs edenler, idam cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olur.”<\/p>\n
77. 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un “Su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanun\u00eelik ilkesi” kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 2. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“(1) Kanunun a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a su\u00e7 saymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir fiil i\u00e7in kimseye ceza verilemez ve g\u00fcvenlik tedbiri uygulanamaz. Kanunda yaz\u0131l\u0131 cezalardan ve g\u00fcvenlik tedbirlerinden ba\u015fka bir ceza ve g\u00fcvenlik tedbirine h\u00fckmolunamaz. <\/p>\n
(2) \u0130darenin d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemleriyle su\u00e7 ve ceza konulamaz. <\/p>\n
(3) Kanunlar\u0131n su\u00e7 ve ceza i\u00e7eren h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131nda k\u0131yas yap\u0131lamaz. Su\u00e7 ve ceza i\u00e7eren h\u00fck\u00fcmler, k\u0131yasa yol a\u00e7acak bi\u00e7imde geni\u015f yorumlanamaz.”<\/p>\n
78. 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un “Zaman bak\u0131m\u0131ndan uygulama” kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 7. maddesinin (1) ve (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kralar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“\u0130\u015flendi\u011fi zaman y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan kanuna g\u00f6re su\u00e7 say\u0131lmayan bir fiilden dolay\u0131 kimseye ceza verilemez ve g\u00fcvenlik tedbiri uygulanamaz. \u0130\u015flendikten sonra y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren kanuna g\u00f6re su\u00e7 say\u0131lmayan bir fiilden dolay\u0131 da kimse cezaland\u0131r\u0131lamaz ve hakk\u0131nda g\u00fcvenlik tedbiri uygulanamaz. B\u00f6yle bir ceza veya g\u00fcvenlik tedbiri h\u00fckmolunmu\u015fsa infaz\u0131 ve kanuni neticeleri kendili\u011finden kalkar. <\/p>\n
Su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fi zaman y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan kanun ile sonradan y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren kanunlar\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmleri farkl\u0131 ise, failin lehine olan kanun uygulan\u0131r ve infaz olunur.”<\/p>\n
79. Ayn\u0131 Kanun’un “Anayasay\u0131 ihlal” kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 309. maddesinin ilgili k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“(1) Cebir ve \u015fiddet kullanarak, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00fczeni ortadan kald\u0131rmaya veya bu d\u00fczen yerine ba\u015fka bir d\u00fczen getirmeye veya bu d\u00fczenin fiilen uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye te\u015febb\u00fcs edenler a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u00fcebbet hapis cezas\u0131 ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
(2) Bu su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda ba\u015fka su\u00e7lar\u0131n i\u015flenmesi halinde, ayr\u0131ca bu su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re cezaya h\u00fckmolunur.”<\/p>\n
b. Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131<\/p>\n
80. Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesinin 24\/3\/1994 tarihli ve E.1994\/881, K.1994\/1488 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“San\u0131\u011f\u0131n mensubu bulundu\u011fu \u0130BDA-C \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn Emniyet Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Ter\u00f6rle M\u00fccadele Dairesinin yaz\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re silahl\u0131 \u00e7ete niteli\u011finde bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6zetilmeden TCK’nun 168\/2. maddesi yerine yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 aleyhe temyiz bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bozma nedeni say\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.”<\/p>\n
81. Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesinin 4\/6\/2014 tarihli ve E.2013\/4822, K.2014\/6581 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
“[D]ava konusu ‘\u0130BDA\/C’ adl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn, \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Emniyet Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn 31.08.1994 tarih, 220675 say\u0131l\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131na ve dosya kapsam\u0131na g\u00f6re 1985 y\u0131l\u0131nda kuruldu\u011fu, amac\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de mevcut Anayasal d\u00fczeni silah zoruyla de\u011fi\u015ftirerek yerine t\u00fcm Ortado\u011fu \u00fclkelerini i\u00e7ine alan ‘Birle\u015fik \u0130slam Devleti’ ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda federal bir devlet kurmak oldu\u011fu, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn liderli\u011fini Salih Mirzabeyo\u011flu kod adl\u0131 [S.\u0130.E.nin] \u00fcstlendi\u011fi, bu \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn ama\u00e7 su\u00e7u ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla silahl\u0131 ve bombal\u0131 eylemler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. ‘\u0130BDA\/C ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc’ \u00fcyelerinin ama\u00e7 su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesi do\u011frultusunda;<\/p>\n
1- 08.11.1989 tarihinde \u0130stanbul Sultanahmet meydan\u0131nda yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6steri yap\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/p>\n
2- 24.11.1989 tarihinde Ayasofya Camisinin ibadete a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla Sultanahmet Camisi \u00f6n\u00fcnde yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6steri yap\u0131lmas\u0131, <\/p>\n
3- 17.03.1990 tarihinde Ankara\u2019da gazeteci [F.K.n\u0131n] darp edilmesi,<\/p>\n
4- 12.02.1990 tarihinde \u0130stanbul Ka\u011f\u0131thane \u0130mam Hatip Lisesine yaz\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/p>\n
5- 27.03.1990 tarihinde Ankara Kocatepe Camisi \u00f6n\u00fcnde yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6steri yap\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/p>\n
6- 16.02.1992 tarihinde [\u015e.N.S.ye] ait lokantaya molotof at\u0131lmas\u0131, <\/p>\n
7- 27.02.1992 tarihinde Fatih il\u00e7esi Karag\u00fcmr\u00fck semtinde faaliyet g\u00f6steren ‘Tevhid’ dergisinin Hizbullah ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne m\u00fczahir olmas\u0131 nedeniyle kur\u015funlanmas\u0131,<\/p>\n
8- 07.03.1992 tarihinde [\u0130.K.ya] ait birahaneye molotof at\u0131lmas\u0131 ve [K.B.ye] ait birahanenin kur\u015funlanmas\u0131,<\/p>\n
9- 06.03.1992 tarihinde polis memuru [A.\u00c7.] ile silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya girilmesi,<\/p>\n
10- 11.03.1992 tarihinde [E.D.ye] ait bakkal d\u00fckkan\u0131n\u0131n kur\u015funlanmas\u0131 ve molotof at\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/p>\n
11- 27.03.1992 tarihinde sanayi mahallesindeki Akbank \u015fubesine molotof at\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/p>\n
12- 05.04.1992 tarihinde Hizbullah ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00fcyesi olarak nitelendirdikleri gruba ait kahvehaneye bask\u0131n yap\u0131larak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya girilmesi,<\/p>\n
13- 10.04.1992 tarihinde [S.\u00d6.ye] ait evin kur\u015funlanmas\u0131,<\/p>\n
14- 17.08.1992 tarihinde \u0130stanbul DGM\u2019de g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte olan \u0130BDA\/C davas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6steri yapma,<\/p>\n
15- 06.11.1992 tarihinde \u0130stanbul Fatih\u2019teki bir atari salonundan zorla para istenmesi,<\/p>\n
16- 07.11.1992 tarihinde \u0130stanbul Fatih\u2019teki bir atari salonundan zorla para istenmesi,<\/p>\n
17- 09.11.1992 tarihinde \u0130stanbul\u2019da Akdeniz Caddesindeki bir atari salonundan zorla para istenmesi,<\/p>\n
18- 09.11.1992 tarihinde \u0130stanbul \u0130mam Hatip Lisesine molotof at\u0131larak yak\u0131lmas\u0131, <\/p>\n
19- 07.07.1993 tarihinde \u00c7eliktepe’de [N.G.ye] ait [A.] Birahanesine molotof kokteyli at\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/p>\n
20- 27.09.1994 tarihinde \u0130stanbul Elmada\u011f Cumhuriyet Caddesinde bulunan [M.A.ya] ait [M.P.] isimli bara bomba konulmas\u0131 ve patlat\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/p>\n
21- 08.07.1994 tarihinde \u0130stanbul Esenlerdeki [S.P.] adl\u0131 birahaneye bomba konulmas\u0131, <\/p>\n
22- 08.09.1994 tarihinde \u0130stanbul Gaziosmanpa\u015fa, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckk\u00f6y \u0130mar Bankas\u0131 \u015eubesi M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne bomba at\u0131larak patlat\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/p>\n
23- 19.05.1994 tarihinde Beyo\u011flu \u0130stiklal Caddesindeki Santa Maria Christian Kilisesine bomba konularak patlat\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/p>\n
24- 19.05.1994 tarihinde \u0130stanbul Beyo\u011flu \u0130stiklal Caddesindeki Saint Antuan Hristiyan kilisesine bomba konulup patlat\u0131lmas\u0131, <\/p>\n
25- 08.07.1994 tarihinde Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y Esenlerde \u015fikayet\u00e7i [A.G.ye] ait [D.] Birahanesine bomba konulmas\u0131 <\/p>\n
26- 08.09.1994 tarihinde \u0130stanbul K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckk\u00f6y’deki Garanti Bankas\u0131 \u015eubesine par\u00e7a tesirli bomba konularak patlat\u0131lmas\u0131, <\/p>\n
27- 09.10.1994 tarihinde \u0130stanbul Bayrampa\u015fa’da [L.G.ye] ait [G.] Birahanesine bomba konularak patlat\u0131lmas\u0131, <\/p>\n
28- 17.09.1994 tarihinde \u0130stanbul Bayrampa\u015fa’da \u0130ktisat Bankas\u0131na bomba konularak patlat\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/p>\n
29- 06.10.1993 tarihinde \u0130stanbul \u015ei\u015fli, Mecidiyek\u00f6y’de \u015fikayet\u00e7i [M.A.ya] ait birahaneye bomba konularak patlat\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/p>\n
Olaylar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
T\u00fcm dosya kapsam\u0131, \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Emniyet Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn 31.08.1994 tarih 220675 say\u0131l\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131 ve Dairemizin 24.03.1994 tarih 1994\/881 esas say\u0131l\u0131 onama karar\u0131 ile \u0130BDA\/C’nin 765 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK’n\u0131n 146. ve 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK’n\u0131n 309. maddeleri kapsam\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyetinin Anayasal d\u00fczenini cebren ihlal su\u00e7unu i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla vahamet arz eden elveri\u015fli eylemleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi ve 765 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK’n\u0131n 168 ve 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK’n\u0131n 314. maddeleri kapsam\u0131nda silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fu kabul edilmi\u015ftir.”<\/p>\n
B. Uluslararas\u0131 Hukuk<\/p>\n
1. Adil Yarg\u0131lanma Hakk\u0131 Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
82. Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesine (A\u0130HM) g\u00f6re Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’nin (S\u00f6zle\u015fme) 6. maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (c) bendi kapsam\u0131nda, su\u00e7 isnad\u0131 alt\u0131nda bulunan ki\u015fi savunma hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 hakka sahiptir. Bunlar kendisini bizzat savunma, se\u00e7ti\u011fi bir m\u00fcdafi yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlanma, bir m\u00fcdafi tayin etme olana\u011f\u0131ndan yoksun ise ve adaletin yerine gelmesi i\u00e7in gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrse resen atanacak bir m\u00fcdafi yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlanma haklar\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla su\u00e7 isnad\u0131 alt\u0131nda bulunan ki\u015finin kendisini bizzat savunmas\u0131 talep edilemez (Pakelli\/Federal Almanya, B. No: 8398\/78, 25\/4\/1983, \u00a7 31). Bir su\u00e7la itham edilen herkesin avukat yard\u0131m\u0131ndan etkili bir \u015fekilde yararlanma hakk\u0131, mutlak bir hak olmamakla beraber adil yarg\u0131lanma ilkesinin temel \u00f6zelliklerinden birini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r (Salduz\/T\u00fcrkiye [BD], B. No: 36391\/02, 27\/11\/2008, \u00a7 51).<\/p>\n
83. Kendini su\u00e7lamama hakk\u0131, kamu makamlar\u0131n\u0131n iddialar\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphelinin\/san\u0131\u011f\u0131n arzusu hilaf\u0131na bask\u0131 ve zorlama metotlar\u0131 ile elde edilen delillere ba\u015fvurmadan ispat etmelerini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir (Jalloh\/Almanya [BD], B. No: 54810\/00, 11\/7\/2006, \u00a7 100; Salduz\/T\u00fcrkiye, \u00a7 54). A\u0130HM, soru\u015fturma evresindeki ikrar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele veya i\u015fkence alt\u0131nda verildi\u011fi belirtilerek h\u00e2kim \u00f6n\u00fcnde reddedilmesi h\u00e2linde bu konu irdelenmeden esasa ge\u00e7ilerek ikrar\u0131n dayanak olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 bir eksiklik olarak de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir (Hulki G\u00fcne\u015f\/T\u00fcrkiye, B. No: 28490\/95, 19\/6\/2003, \u00a7 91). Bu kapsamda, ikrar\u0131n hi\u00e7 kimseyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesine izin verilmeyen ve uzun s\u00fcren bir g\u00f6zalt\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gibi hususlar da g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmal\u0131d\u0131r (Barbera, Messegue ve Jabardo\/\u0130spanya, B. No: 10590\/83, 6\/12\/1988, \u00a7 87).<\/p>\n
84. \u0130lke olarak \u015f\u00fcpheliye g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da tutukland\u0131\u011f\u0131 andan itibaren avukat yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r (Dayanan\/T\u00fcrkiye, B. No: 7377\/03, 13\/10\/2009, \u00a7 31). Di\u011fer taraftan A\u0130HM, kolluk taraf\u0131ndan ifade al\u0131nma a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 da kapsayan m\u00fcdafi yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7erli bir nedene dayan\u0131larak k\u0131s\u0131tlanabilece\u011fini, bu durumda somut olay a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yarg\u0131laman\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcne bak\u0131larak s\u00f6z konusu k\u0131s\u0131tlaman\u0131n adil yarg\u0131lanmaya engel olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fini ifade etmi\u015ftir (John Murray\/Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k, B. No: 18731\/91, 8\/2\/1996, \u00a7 63; Magee\/Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k, B. No: 28135\/95, 6\/6\/2000, \u00a7 41).<\/p>\n
85. A\u0130HM, baz\u0131 durumlarda ki\u015finin talebi olmasa da resen \u00fccretsiz olarak avukat tayin edilmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtmektedir. Ki\u015finin olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131 yan\u0131nda ayr\u0131ca su\u00e7lama nedeniyle alabilece\u011fi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckten mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131lmay\u0131 gerektiren bir ceza ve davan\u0131n karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, avukat yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren bir hukuki menfaati ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r (Tun\u00e7\/T\u00fcrkiye, B. No: 32432\/96, 27\/3\/2007, \u00a7\u00a7 55, 56).<\/p>\n
86. A\u0130HM 6\/10\/2009 tarihli Mehmet Zeki Do\u011fan\/T\u00fcrkiye (B. No: 38114\/03) karar\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucunun g\u00f6zalt\u0131nda k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki iddias\u0131n\u0131n kan\u0131tlanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ancak bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te avukat yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararland\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir. A\u0130HM, s\u00f6z konusu karar\u0131nda daha \u00f6nce ayn\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yeti Salduz\/T\u00fcrkiye (\u00a7\u00a7 56-63) davas\u0131nda inceledi\u011fini ve bu davadaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmesini gerektirecek herhangi bir neden g\u00f6rmedi\u011fini belirterek ba\u015fvurucunun S\u00f6zle\u015fme’nin 6. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (c) bendinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan m\u00fcdafi yard\u0131m\u0131ndan faydalanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A\u0130HM ba\u015fvurucunun talep etmesi h\u00e2linde yeniden yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ihlalin giderimi i\u00e7in uygun bir yol olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
87. Adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin di\u011fer uluslararas\u0131 hukuk kaynaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. Yavuz Arslan, \u00a7\u00a7 35-40.<\/p>\n
2. Su\u00e7ta ve Cezada Kanunilik \u0130lkesi Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
88. Su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesine ili\u015fkin uluslararas\u0131 hukuk kaynaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. Bilal Celalettin \u015ea\u015fmaz [1. B.], B. No: 2019\/20791, 18\/10\/2022, \u00a7\u00a7 21-34; Metin Birdal [GK], B. No: 2014\/15440, 22\/5\/2019, \u00a7\u00a7 34-39; Cevat Temel \u00d6zkaynak [GK], B. No: 2021\/32082, 26\/1\/2023, \u00a7\u00a7 76-82.<\/p>\n
V. \u0130NCELEME VE GEREK\u00c7E<\/p>\n
89. Anayasa Mahkemesinin 29\/4\/2025 tarihinde yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu toplant\u0131da ba\u015fvuru incelenip gere\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n
A. Adli Yard\u0131m Talebi Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/p>\n
90. Ba\u015fvurucu, bireysel ba\u015fvuru har\u00e7 ve giderlerini \u00f6deme g\u00fcc\u00fcnden yoksun oldu\u011funu belirterek adli yard\u0131m talebinde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
91. Anayasa Mahkemesinin Mehmet \u015eerif Ay ([2. B.], B. No: 2012\/1181, 17\/9\/2013) karar\u0131nda belirtilen ilkeler dikkate al\u0131narak ge\u00e7imini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirmeksizin yarg\u0131lama giderlerini \u00f6deme g\u00fcc\u00fcnden yoksun oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan ba\u015fvurucunun a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmayan adli yard\u0131m talebinin kabul\u00fcne karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
B. M\u00fcdafi Yard\u0131m\u0131ndan Yararlanma Hakk\u0131yla Ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 Olarak Hakkaniyete Uygun Yarg\u0131lanma Hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130hlal Edildi\u011fine \u0130li\u015fkin \u0130ddia<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvurucunun \u0130ddialar\u0131 ve Bakanl\u0131k G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/p>\n
92. Ba\u015fvurucu; genel olarak yarg\u0131laman\u0131n hakkaniyete uygun y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmedi\u011fini, g\u00f6zalt\u0131nda avukata eri\u015fim imk\u00e2n\u0131ndan yararland\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda imzalanan ancak i\u00e7eri\u011fi kabul edilmeyen ifadelere dayan\u0131larak mahk\u00fbmiyetine karar verildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
93. Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Bakanl\u0131k) g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde;<\/p>\n
i. Kabul edilebilirlik incelemesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen ihlal iddialar\u0131n\u0131n kanun yolu \u015fik\u00e2yeti niteli\u011finde olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi gerekti\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
ii. Esasa ili\u015fkin olarak yeniden yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucuya iddianamede yer alan su\u00e7laman\u0131n dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan eylemler ve deliller ile su\u00e7laman\u0131n hukuki nitelendirilmesinin anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kanundan kaynakl\u0131 temel haklar\u0131n\u0131n hat\u0131rlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer yandan ba\u015fvurucu ve m\u00fcdafiinin yarg\u0131lama a\u015famas\u0131nda su\u00e7lamalara, yarg\u0131laman\u0131n \u00f6nceki a\u015famalar\u0131nda elde edilen t\u00fcm delillere ili\u015fkin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 beyanlarda bulunduklar\u0131, ba\u015fvurucunun at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7laman\u0131n hukuki niteli\u011fi, iddianameye konu eylemler ve dosyada bulunan deliller hakk\u0131nda yeterli bilgiye sahip oldu\u011fu ve t\u00fcm kovu\u015fturma s\u00fcrecinde lehine olan hususlar\u0131 hem yaz\u0131l\u0131 hem de s\u00f6zl\u00fc olarak Mahkeme huzurunda ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcp aleyhine olan delillere de kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kabildi\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
iii. Bakanl\u0131k ayr\u0131ca adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edilip edilmedi\u011fi konusunda Anayasa Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak incelemede g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fte yer verilen Anayasa ve ilgili mevzuat h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin, Anayasa Mahkemesi i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131n\u0131n ve somut olay\u0131n kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n da g\u00f6zetilmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
94. Ba\u015fvurucu; Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 beyan\u0131nda, a\u015famalarda ve bireysel ba\u015fvuru formunda ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc itirazlar\u0131n\u0131 yinelemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2. De\u011ferlendirme<\/p>\n
95. Anayasa Mahkemesi Nihat Akbulak ([GK], B. No: 2015\/10131, 7\/6\/2018) karar\u0131yla yarg\u0131laman\u0131n yenilenmesine karar verilmeden \u00f6nceki a\u015famalarda ba\u015fvurucunun su\u00e7 isnad\u0131 alt\u0131nda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu a\u015famalarda verilen kararlar\u0131n konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetkisizlik nedeniyle adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda incelenemeyece\u011fi sonucuna varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Nihat Akbulak, \u00a7\u00a7 30-39). Ancak somut olayda ba\u015fvurucunun yarg\u0131laman\u0131n yenilenmesi talebinin kabule de\u011fer oldu\u011funa karar verildikten sonra duru\u015fma a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve yeniden yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonucunda yeni bir karar verilmi\u015ftir (bkz. \u00a7\u00a7 66-73). An\u0131lan karar da ola\u011fan kanun yollar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erek kesinle\u015ftikten sonra (bkz. \u00a7 74) bireysel ba\u015fvuruya konu edilmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla somut ba\u015fvuruya ili\u015fkin \u015fik\u00e2yetlerin Anayasa Mahkemesinin konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetkisinde oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
96. Anayasa Mahkemesi, olaylar\u0131n ba\u015fvurucu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan hukuki nitelendirmesi ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olmay\u0131p olay ve olgular\u0131n hukuki tavsifini kendisi takdir eder. Ba\u015fvurucunun iddialar\u0131n\u0131n adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvencelerinden olan m\u00fcdafi yard\u0131m\u0131ndan faydalanma hakk\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak hakkaniyete uygun yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda incelenmesi gerekti\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
97. Ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda savunma haklar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131, demokratik toplumun temel ilkelerindendir (Erol Ayde\u011fer [1. B.], B. No: 2013\/4784, 7\/3\/2014, \u00a7 32). Savunma, ceza adaletinin hakkaniyete uygun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. \u0130ddiaya kar\u015f\u0131 savunma tan\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece silahlar\u0131n e\u015fitli\u011fi ve \u00e7eli\u015fmeli yarg\u0131lama ilkelerine uygun muhakeme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fe ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir (Yusuf Karaku\u015f ve di\u011ferleri [1. B.], B. No: 2014\/12002, 8\/12\/2016, \u00a7 69).<\/p>\n
98. Savunma hakk\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cg\u00fcvenceler\u201d esasen adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer almaktad\u0131r. Savunma hakk\u0131, hukuk devleti ilkesinin gereklerinden ve adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli g\u00fcvencelerinden biri olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Anayasa’n\u0131n 36. maddesinde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade edilmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan h\u00fck\u00fcmde, herkesin me\u015fru vas\u0131ta ve yollardan faydalanmak suretiyle savunma hakk\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Savunma hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nmadan ki\u015filerin cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, Anayasa’n\u0131n 38. maddesinde g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan masumiyet karinesine de uygun de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle savunma hakk\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yarg\u0131laman\u0131n adil oldu\u011fundan s\u00f6z edilemez (Yusuf Karaku\u015f ve di\u011ferleri, \u00a7 70).<\/p>\n
99. \u015e\u00fcpheli ve san\u0131\u011fa salt savunma hakk\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 yeterli de\u011fildir. \u015e\u00fcpheli ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n savunma i\u00e7in Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 36. maddesinde belirtilen \u201cme\u015fru vas\u0131ta ve yollar”dan yararland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 da gerekir. \u015e\u00fcpheli ve san\u0131k i\u00e7in Anayasa’n\u0131n 36. maddesinde s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen me\u015fru vas\u0131ta ve yollardan en \u00f6nemlisi m\u00fcdafi yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlanmakt\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir ifadeyle m\u00fcdafi yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlanma hakk\u0131, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 36. maddesinde belirtilen \u201cme\u015fru vas\u0131ta ve yollar” kavram\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu itibarla m\u00fcdafi yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlanman\u0131n adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n kapsam ve i\u00e7eri\u011fine d\u00e2hil ve bu hakk\u0131n do\u011fal sonucu oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla su\u00e7 isnad\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki ki\u015fi, adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda kendisini bizzat savunma veya se\u00e7ece\u011fi bir m\u00fcdafinin yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlanma hakk\u0131na sahiptir (Yusuf Karaku\u015f ve di\u011ferleri, \u00a7 72).<\/p>\n
100. Di\u011fer yandan Anayasa’n\u0131n 36. maddesine “adil yarg\u0131lanma” ibaresinin eklenmesine ili\u015fkin gerek\u00e7ede, taraf oldu\u011fumuz uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerce de g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan adil yarg\u0131lama hakk\u0131n\u0131n madde metnine d\u00e2hil edildi\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nitekim S\u00f6zle\u015fme’nin 6. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (c) bendinde; bir su\u00e7 ile itham edilen herkesin kendisini bizzat savunma veya se\u00e7ece\u011fi bir m\u00fcdafinin yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlanma, e\u011fer avukat tutmak i\u00e7in gerekli maddi olanaklardan yoksun ise ve adaletin yerine gelmesi i\u00e7in gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde resen atanacak bir avukat\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00fccretsiz olarak yararlanabilme hakk\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir (Yusuf Karaku\u015f ve di\u011ferleri, \u00a7 73).<\/p>\n
101. An\u0131lan hakk\u0131n ilke olarak \u015f\u00fcphelinin kolluk taraf\u0131ndan ilk kez sorgulanmas\u0131ndan itibaren sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekir. \u015e\u00fcpheliye kolluk taraf\u0131ndan ilk kez sorgulanmas\u0131ndan itibaren avukata eri\u015fim hakk\u0131 sa\u011flanmas\u0131, kendisini su\u00e7lamama ve susma haklar\u0131 yan\u0131nda genel olarak da adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n etkili bir koruma i\u015flevine sahip olmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan gereklidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu a\u015famada elde edilen deliller, yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u00f6z konusu su\u00e7un hangi \u00e7er\u00e7evede ele al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemektedir. \u00d6zellikle delillerin toplanmas\u0131 ve kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131nda cezai yarg\u0131lamaya ili\u015fkin mevzuat giderek daha karma\u015f\u0131k h\u00e2le geldi\u011finden \u015f\u00fcpheliler, ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131n bu evresinde kendilerini savunmas\u0131z bir durumda bulabilir. Belirtilen savunmas\u0131zl\u0131k h\u00e2li ancak bir m\u00fcdafinin hukuki yard\u0131m\u0131 ile gere\u011fi gibi telafi edilebilir (Alig\u00fcl Alkaya ve di\u011ferleri [GK], B. No: 2013\/1138, 27\/10\/2015, \u00a7\u00a7 118, 135; Sami \u00d6zbil [1. B.], B. No: 2012\/543, 15\/10\/2014, \u00a7 64).<\/p>\n
102. San\u0131k, olay hakk\u0131nda do\u011frudan do\u011fruya bilgiye sahiptir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla san\u0131\u011f\u0131n beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n olay\u0131n ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan son derece \u00f6nemli bir delil niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131mdan su\u00e7 isnad\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki ki\u015finin m\u00fcdafi haz\u0131r bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2lde kendini su\u00e7lay\u0131c\u0131 beyanlarda bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu itiraflar\u0131n aleyhinde kullan\u0131l\u0131p kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, susmas\u0131ndan mahkemece olumsuz sonu\u00e7lar \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kendisine herhangi bir bask\u0131 uygulan\u0131p uygulanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 her somut olayda de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Bir ceza davas\u0131nda kendi aleyhine tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmeme ve delil vermeye zorlanmama hakk\u0131, su\u00e7 isnad\u0131n\u0131 zorla veya bask\u0131yla san\u0131\u011f\u0131n iste\u011fine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak elde edilen delillere ba\u015fvurmadan kan\u0131tlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 gerektirir. Avukata eri\u015fimi sa\u011flanmayan san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kolluktaki ikrar\u0131n\u0131n mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda savunma hakk\u0131na telafi edilmez bi\u00e7imde zarar verilmi\u015f olacakt\u0131r. Soru\u015fturma evresinde elde edilen ikrar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele ve i\u015fkence alt\u0131nda verildi\u011fi belirtilerek reddedilmesi durumunda mahkemece bu husus irdelenmeksizin ikrar\u0131n dayanak olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6zen eksiklikli\u011fidir (Yusuf Karaku\u015f ve di\u011ferleri, \u00a7 79).<\/p>\n
103. M\u00fcdafi yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlanma hakk\u0131 mutlak de\u011fildir. Bu hakk\u0131n istisnai h\u00e2llerde s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Zorunlu sebeplerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde bu hak k\u0131s\u0131tlanabilir. Avukat eri\u015fiminin sa\u011flanmamas\u0131na istisnai olarak zorunlu sebeplerin gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6sterilmesi durumunda bile b\u00f6ylesi bir k\u0131s\u0131tlama \u015f\u00fcphelinin\/san\u0131\u011f\u0131n adil yarg\u0131lanma ba\u011flam\u0131nda g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan haklar\u0131na zarar vermemelidir (Alig\u00fcl Alkaya ve di\u011ferleri, \u00a7\u00a7 118, 137). M\u00fcdafi yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlanma hakk\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli olan, yarg\u0131lamaya bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u015f\u00fcphelinin\/san\u0131\u011f\u0131n m\u00fcdafi yard\u0131m\u0131ndan etkili bir bi\u00e7imde yararlanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak avukata eri\u015fim y\u00f6n\u00fcnden getirilen k\u0131s\u0131tlama yarg\u0131laman\u0131n sonraki a\u015famalar\u0131nda telafi edilmi\u015f ise savunma hakk\u0131 ihlal edilmi\u015f say\u0131lmaz (Yusuf Karaku\u015f ve di\u011ferleri, \u00a7 78).<\/p>\n
104. Bireysel ba\u015fvuru incelemelerinde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc norm Anayasa’d\u0131r, bu durumda kanuna uygunluk denetimi yap\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle kanuna dayal\u0131 olarak avukata eri\u015fimin k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki uygulama, bunun Anayasa’ya uygun oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmez. M\u00fcdafi yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n Anayasa’n\u0131n 36. maddesini ihlal edip etmedi\u011finin de\u011ferlendirilmesinde yarg\u0131laman\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7inde somut davan\u0131n kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc ko\u015fullar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Anayasa Mahkemesi de daha \u00f6nce \u015f\u00fcphelilerin devlet g\u00fcvenlik mahkemelerinin g\u00f6rev alan\u0131na giren su\u00e7lar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden m\u00fcdafi yard\u0131m\u0131ndan faydaland\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131n mevzuattan kaynaklanan bir uygulama oldu\u011funu tespit etmi\u015f (Alig\u00fcl Alkaya ve di\u011ferleri, \u00a7 144, Sami \u00d6zbil, \u00a7 71; G\u00fcll\u00fczar Erman [2. B.], B. No: 2012\/542, 4\/11\/2014, \u00a7 48) ancak m\u00fcdafi yararlanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n sonradan telafi edilmedi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle ihlal kararlar\u0131 vermi\u015ftir (Alig\u00fcl Alkaya ve di\u011ferleri, \u00a7\u00a7 127-145, Sami \u00d6zbil, \u00a7\u00a7 56-76; Aynur Avy\u00fczen [2. B.], B. No: 2014\/784, 27\/10\/2016, \u00a7\u00a7 37-58; Veli \u00d6zdemir [2. B.], B. No: 2014\/785, 27\/10\/2016, \u00a7\u00a7 39-62).<\/p>\n
105. Somut olayda ba\u015fvurucunun g\u00f6zalt\u0131nda tutuldu\u011fu s\u0131rada devlet g\u00fcvenlik mahkemelerinin g\u00f6rev alan\u0131na giren su\u00e7lar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden kural olarak m\u00fcdafi yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlanmas\u0131 ancak belli bir a\u015famadan sonra m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktad\u0131r. 3842 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Kanun\u2019a eklenen 31. maddeyle g\u00f6zalt\u0131nda bulundurmaya ve m\u00fcdafi yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlanmaya ili\u015fkin yeni d\u00fczenlemelerin devlet g\u00fcvenlik mahkemelerinin g\u00f6rev alan\u0131na giren su\u00e7larda uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131, bunlar hakk\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lmadan \u00f6nceki 4\/4\/1929 tarihli ve 1412 say\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fclga Ceza Muhakemeleri Usul\u00fc Kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucunun g\u00f6zalt\u0131nda tutuldu\u011fu tarihlerde 1412 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun, g\u00f6zalt\u0131 s\u00fcresinde avukata eri\u015fim imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mamaktad\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucunun belirtilen \u015fartlarda 26\/12\/1999 ile 29\/12\/1999 tarihleri aras\u0131nda g\u00f6zalt\u0131nda tutuldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
106. Ba\u015fvurucuya isnat edilen su\u00e7lar kapsam\u0131ndaki eylemlere ili\u015fkin h\u00fckm\u00fcn kesinle\u015fmesinden \u00f6nce Mahkemece yap\u0131lan ilk de\u011ferlendirmede, ba\u015fvurucunun g\u00f6zalt\u0131nda m\u00fcdafi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n elde edilen beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n da delil olarak kabul edildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir (bkz. \u00a7 60). Ancak ba\u015fvurucu yarg\u0131laman\u0131n ilerleyen a\u015famalar\u0131nda m\u00fcdafi yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve m\u00fcdafiinin de haz\u0131r bulundu\u011fu 23\/3\/2004 tarihli celsede okunan ayn\u0131 tarihli dilek\u00e7esiyle yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte \u00fczerinde ele ge\u00e7irilen bombay\u0131 kendisinin imal etti\u011fini kabul etmi\u015f, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla g\u00f6zalt\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda al\u0131nan bu y\u00f6ndeki beyan\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (bkz. \u00a7\u00a7 56, 57). Ayr\u0131ca yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda tan\u0131k olarak ifadeleri al\u0131nan iki kolluk g\u00f6revlisi de ba\u015fvurucunun yakalanmas\u0131 \u00fczerine d\u00fczenledikleri tutana\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fine itirazda bulunmad\u0131klar\u0131 gibi tan\u0131klardan S.C. tutanakta yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekilde yakalad\u0131klar\u0131 anda ba\u015fvurucunun \u00fczerinde bomba ele ge\u00e7irdiklerini beyan etmi\u015ftir (bkz. \u00a7\u00a7 44, 45).<\/p>\n
107. Keza yeniden yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda da m\u00fcdafii yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlanan ba\u015fvurucunun yarg\u0131lama sonucunda di\u011fer deliller -tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131, olay yerlerinden ve ba\u015fvurucunun evinden elde edilen bulgular ile bu bulgulara dair d\u00fczenlenen raporlar- yan\u0131nda m\u00fcdafi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n al\u0131nan ve daha sonra \u00fczerinde ele ge\u00e7irilen bombay\u0131 kendisinin imal etti\u011fine dair m\u00fcdafii huzurunda do\u011frulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifadesi do\u011frultusunda an\u0131lan eylemleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek suretiyle isnat edilen su\u00e7tan mahk\u00fbmiyetine karar verildi\u011fi, g\u00f6zalt\u0131ndayken al\u0131nan ifadelere hassasiyetle yakla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ba\u015fvurucunun ifadenin i\u00e7eri\u011fi noktas\u0131nda bir k\u0131s\u0131m itirazlar\u0131 dikkatle de\u011ferlendirilerek de\u011ferlendirme kapsam\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 (bkz. \u00a7 73), sonraki a\u015famalarda sa\u011flanan m\u00fcdafi yard\u0131m\u0131 ve yarg\u0131lama usul\u00fcn\u00fcn di\u011fer g\u00fcvencelerinin soru\u015fturma evresinde ve kovu\u015fturma evresinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda ba\u015fvurucunun savunma hakk\u0131na verilen zarar\u0131 telafi etti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
108. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle ba\u015fvurunun bu k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer kabul edilebilirlik ko\u015fullar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmeksizin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmas\u0131 nedeniyle kabul edilemez oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
C. Su\u00e7ta ve Cezada Kanunilik \u0130lkesinin \u0130hlal Edildi\u011fine \u0130li\u015fkin \u0130ddia<\/p>\n
1. Ba\u015fvurucunun \u0130ddialar\u0131 ve Bakanl\u0131k G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/p>\n
109. Ba\u015fvurucu;<\/p>\n
i. \u0130BDA\/C adl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn s\u00f6zde y\u00f6neticisi oldu\u011fu iddia edilen S.\u0130.E. hakk\u0131ndaki mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131n\u0131n kesinle\u015fmesinden sonra yap\u0131lan yeniden yarg\u0131lama \u00fczerine bu ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda beraat karar\u0131 verildi\u011fini, siyasi saiklerle \u00f6rg\u00fct olarak kabul edilse de lideri bulunmayan \u0130BDA\/C adl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekte var olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131,<\/p>\n
ii. Bu \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilse dahi kendisinin \u00f6rg\u00fct ad\u0131na herhangi bir eylem ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmedi\u011fini,<\/p>\n
iii. Kendisinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fini kabul etmemekle birlikte, be\u015f ayr\u0131 yerde meydana gelen bombalama eylemlerinde ses bombalar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu bombalar\u0131n zarar verme \u00f6zelliklerinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, dava konusu olaylarda da can ve mal kayb\u0131 ya\u015fanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kendi \u00fczerinde ele ge\u00e7irildi\u011fi kabul edilen bomban\u0131n da zarar verici \u00f6zellik ta\u015f\u0131mayan ve patlamaya haz\u0131r da olmayan bir bomba oldu\u011funu,<\/p>\n
iv. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla dava konusu eylemleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi kabul edilse dahi ancak daha az cezay\u0131 gerektiren farkl\u0131 su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbmiyetine karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fini, bu eylemlerin hi\u00e7birinin 765 say\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fclga Kanun’un 146. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda tan\u0131mlanan su\u00e7un olu\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gereken vahim eylem niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131,<\/p>\n
v. Bu nedenlerle at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7tan verilen mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131n\u0131n Mahkemece yeniden yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonucunda aynen onaylanmas\u0131 nedeniyle su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesinin, \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n ve Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesinin (3) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan insan haysiyetiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmayan muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
110. Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde; su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesinin ihlal edilip edilmedi\u011fi konusunda Anayasa Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak incelemede, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fte yer verilen Anayasa ve ilgili mevzuat h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin, Anayasa Mahkemesi i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131n\u0131n ve somut olay\u0131n kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n da g\u00f6zetilmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
111. Ba\u015fvurucu; Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 beyan\u0131nda, a\u015famalarda ve bireysel ba\u015fvuru formunda ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc itirazlar\u0131n\u0131 yinelemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
2. De\u011ferlendirme<\/p>\n
112. Ba\u015fvurucunun iddialar\u0131n\u0131n su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesi kapsam\u0131nda incelenmesi gerekti\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
113. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerle ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerindeki pek \u00e7ok maddede kanunla d\u00fczenleme ilkesine yer verilmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00fczenlemeler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Anayasa’n\u0131n 13. maddesinde ifade edilen temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin genel ilkelerde de s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n ancak kanunla yap\u0131labilece\u011fi kurala ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n su\u00e7 ve cezalar\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen 38. maddesinde de su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesi \u00f6zel olarak g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Karlis A.\u015e. [1. B.], B. No: 2013\/849, 15\/4\/2014, \u00a7 31).<\/p>\n
114. Su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesi, hukuk devletinin kurucu unsurlar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Kanunilik ilkesi, genel olarak b\u00fct\u00fcn hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin d\u00fczenlenmesinde temel bir g\u00fcvence olu\u015fturman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra su\u00e7 ve cezalar\u0131n belirlenmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6zel bir anlam ve \u00f6neme sahiptir. Bu ilke kapsam\u0131nda ki\u015filerin kanunen yasaklanmam\u0131\u015f veya yapt\u0131r\u0131ma ba\u011flanmam\u0131\u015f fiillerden dolay\u0131 keyf\u00ee bir \u015fekilde su\u00e7lanmalar\u0131 ve cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 \u00f6nlenmekte, buna ek olarak su\u00e7lanan ki\u015finin lehine olan d\u00fczenlemelerin geriye etkili olarak uygulanmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r (Karlis A.\u015e., \u00a7 32).<\/p>\n
115. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 38. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda “Kimse, … kanunun su\u00e7 saymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir fiilden dolay\u0131 cezaland\u0131r\u0131lamaz.” denilerek su\u00e7lar\u0131n kanunili\u011fi, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda da “Ceza ve ceza yerine ge\u00e7en g\u00fcvenlik tedbirleri ancak kanunla konulur.” denilerek cezalar\u0131n kanunili\u011fi ilkeleri g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesi, insan hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini esas alan bir anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ceza hukukunun temel ilkelerinden birini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 38. maddesine benzer \u015fekilde 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 2. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesi; yasaklanan eylemlerin ve bu yasak eylemlere verilecek cezalar\u0131n hi\u00e7bir ku\u015fkuya yer b\u0131rakmayacak bi\u00e7imde kanunda g\u00f6sterilmesini, kural\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n belli olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmektedir. Ki\u015filerin yasak eylemleri \u00f6nceden bilmeleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine dayanan bu ilkeyle temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.2010\/69, K.2011\/116, 7\/7\/2011).<\/p>\n
116. Bununla birlikte ne kadar a\u00e7\u0131k ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenirse d\u00fczenlensin su\u00e7 ve ceza \u00f6ng\u00f6ren kurallar yarg\u0131 organlar\u0131n\u0131n yorumuna ihtiya\u00e7 duyabilir. Ancak yarg\u0131 organlar\u0131nca yap\u0131lacak yorumun kural\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcyle \u00e7eli\u015fmemesi ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131 gerekir (Mehmet Emin Karamehmet ve di\u011ferleri [2. B.], B. No: 2017\/4902, 28\/1\/2020, \u00a7 47). Yarg\u0131 organlar\u0131 su\u00e7a veya cezaya ili\u015fkin olgular\u0131 de\u011ferlendirirken ve \u00f6zellikle fiillerin bir su\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelip gelmedi\u011fini belirlerken su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesini anlams\u0131z k\u0131lacak \u015fekilde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemez bir yakla\u015f\u0131mda bulunmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
117. Bireylerin cezai sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131na ili\u015fkin hukuki sorunlar\u0131n incelenmesi Anayasa Mahkemesinin g\u00f6revleri aras\u0131nda olmay\u0131p konu, derece mahkemelerinin takdirine b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yine bu ba\u011flamda su\u00e7un unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fup olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya da daha hafif veya a\u011f\u0131r ceza verilmesi gerekti\u011fini belirlemek de Anayasa Mahkemesinin g\u00f6revleri aras\u0131nda bulunmamaktad\u0131r (Tahir Canan [1. B.], B. No: 2012\/969, 18\/9\/2013, \u00a7 35). Anayasa Mahkemesinin bireysel ba\u015fvuru incelemelerindeki rol\u00fc, derece mahkemelerin yerini almak de\u011fildir. Anayasa ve S\u00f6zle\u015fme ile ortak koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nan temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere m\u00fcdahale te\u015fkil etmeyen, bariz takdir hatas\u0131 veya a\u00e7\u0131k bir keyf\u00eelik i\u00e7ermeyen tespit ve sonu\u00e7lar Anayasa Mahkemesinin incelemesinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r (Adnan \u015een [GK], B. No: 2018\/8903, 15\/4\/2021, \u00a7 109).<\/p>\n
118. T\u00fcrk hukukunda bir yap\u0131n\u0131n ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc niteli\u011finde olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespitine ili\u015fkin \u00f6zel bir d\u00fczenlemeye yer verilmemekle birlikte bir yap\u0131n\u0131n ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olarak tespiti ancak kesinle\u015fmi\u015f bir yarg\u0131 karar\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr (Ahmet Aslan [1. B.], B. No: 2021\/23949, 6\/10\/2022, \u00a7 50; Adnan \u015een [GK], \u00a7 111; ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ndeki Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. Ahmet Aslan, \u00a7\u00a7 17-19).<\/p>\n
119. Somut olayda, ba\u015fvurucunun eylemleri nedeniyle derece mahkemesinin 20\/4\/2006 tarihli karar\u0131yla 765 say\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fclga Kanun’un 146. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Te\u015fkilat\u0131 Esasiye Kanunu’nun tamam\u0131n\u0131 veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ta\u011fyir ve tebdil veya ilgaya cebren te\u015febb\u00fcs etme su\u00e7undan mahk\u00fbmiyetine karar verilmi\u015ftir. Su\u00e7 tarihinden sonra y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 309. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen Anayasay\u0131 ihlal su\u00e7u da cebir ve \u015fiddet kullanarak T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasas\u0131’n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00fczeni ortadan kald\u0131rmaya veya bu d\u00fczen yerine ba\u015fka bir d\u00fczen getirmeye veya bu d\u00fczenin fiilen uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye te\u015febb\u00fcs etme bi\u00e7iminde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
120. Mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131nda, ba\u015fvurucunun eylemlerinin 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 309. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen su\u00e7u olu\u015fturdu\u011fu, buna kar\u015f\u0131n 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde ba\u015fvurucunun ama\u00e7 su\u00e7u ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in i\u015fledi\u011fi kabul edilen di\u011fer su\u00e7lar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden hakk\u0131nda ayn\u0131 maddenin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca ayr\u0131ca ceza verilmesi gerekti\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilerek cezalar\u0131n miktar\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 itibar\u0131yla 765 say\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fclga Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin ba\u015fvurucunun lehine oldu\u011fu belirlenmi\u015ftir (bkz. \u00a7 61).<\/p>\n
121. Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n 24\/3\/1994 tarihli ilam\u0131yla \u0130BDA\/C adl\u0131 yap\u0131lanman\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyetinin Anayasal d\u00fczenini cebren ihlal su\u00e7unu i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla vahamet arz eden elveri\u015fli eylemleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren silahl\u0131 bir ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc oldu\u011fu kabul edilmi\u015f ve bu de\u011ferlendirme sonraki tarihli kararla da vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (bkz. \u00a7\u00a7 80, 81).<\/p>\n
122. Somut olayda ba\u015fvurucu, mahk\u00fbm edildi\u011fi davaya ili\u015fkin yarg\u0131laman\u0131n yenilenmesi talebinin kabul\u00fc \u00fczerine Mahkemece haks\u0131z olarak \u00f6nceki h\u00fckm\u00fcn aynen onaylanmas\u0131na karar verilmesinin anayasal haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlaline yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir. Ba\u015fvurucu, yarg\u0131laman\u0131n yenilenmesi talebinde bulunurken ba\u015fka dosyada yarg\u0131lanan \u00f6rg\u00fct lideri hakk\u0131nda yarg\u0131laman\u0131n yenilenmesine karar verilmesini ve m\u00fcdafii haz\u0131r bulunmaks\u0131z\u0131n kollukta al\u0131nan ifadesinin mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131na esas al\u0131namayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Mahkeme ise \u00f6rg\u00fct lideri oldu\u011fu belirtilen ki\u015fi ve di\u011fer san\u0131klar hakk\u0131ndaki yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131n ba\u015fvurucu hakk\u0131ndaki dava ile irtibatl\u0131 olmamas\u0131na ve her ne kadar ba\u015fvurucu m\u00fcdafi haz\u0131r bulunmaks\u0131z\u0131n al\u0131nan ifadesini sonradan ink\u00e2r etse de kovu\u015fturma evresinde m\u00fcdafii yard\u0131m\u0131ndan faydaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te, kolluk g\u00f6revlileri taraf\u0131ndan yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda \u00fczerinde ele ge\u00e7irilen bombay\u0131 kendisinin imal etti\u011fini kabul etti\u011fine dair ifadesine dayal\u0131 olarak \u00f6nceki mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131n\u0131 aynen onaylam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
123. Ba\u015fvurucunun dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 en temel arg\u00fcmanlardan biri \u00f6rg\u00fct lideri oldu\u011fu iddia edilen ki\u015fi hakk\u0131ndaki yeniden yarg\u0131lama talebinin di\u011fer \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyelerinin durumunu da etkileyebilece\u011finin Mahkemece nazara al\u0131nmamas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan talebe dayanak olan kararda \u0130BDA\/C adl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fct hiyerar\u015fisinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak \u00f6rg\u00fct ad\u0131na su\u00e7 i\u015fledikleri belirtildikten sonra “\u0130BDA\/C \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri anayasal d\u00fczeni de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye ve ortadan kald\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddet eylemlerine do\u011frudan do\u011fruya kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilemeyen” ilgili dosya h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcs\u00fc \u00f6zelinde yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeyle bu ki\u015finin i\u015ftirak iradesini g\u00f6steren somut deliller ortaya konulmadan di\u011fer \u00f6rg\u00fct mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fct ad\u0131na i\u015fledikleri su\u00e7lardan salt \u00f6rg\u00fct y\u00f6neticisi s\u0131fat\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahisle sorumlu tutulamayaca\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (bkz. \u00a7 65). Bu durumda Mahkemenin emsal g\u00f6sterilen davadaki tespitlerin \u00f6rg\u00fct ad\u0131na bombalama eylemleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi ve bomba ile yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131yla yarg\u0131lanan ba\u015fvurucu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan lehe sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmayaca\u011f\u0131na de\u011ferlendirmesinin temelsiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131 \u00e7izilmelidir (bkz. \u00a7 73).<\/p>\n
124. Di\u011fer yandan ba\u015fvurucunun \u00fczerinde ge\u00e7irilen bomban\u0131n patlamaya haz\u0131r olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair savunmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n Polis Kriminal g\u00f6revlilerinin d\u00fczenledi\u011fi 28\/12\/1999 tarihli ekspertiz raporunda, ba\u015fvurucuda ele ge\u00e7irilen bomban\u0131n bomba imha uzmanlar\u0131nca etkisiz h\u00e2le getirildi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015f (bkz. \u00a7 26), yine bomba imha uzman\u0131 kolluk g\u00f6revlilerince d\u00fczenlenen 29\/12\/1999 tarihli olay yeri inceleme raporuna g\u00f6re de ba\u015fvurucunun \u00fczerinde ele ge\u00e7irilen materyaller \u00fczerindeki inceleme sonucunda, su borusunun bomban\u0131n d\u0131\u015f kab\u0131, kol saatinin zaman ayar\u0131 ve anahtar olarak pillerin bombadaki rezistans sistemini \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bu bomban\u0131n patlamas\u0131 neticesinde canl\u0131lar \u00fczerinde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc, cans\u0131z maddeler \u00fczerinde de tahrip edici g\u00fcce sahip oldu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015ftir (bkz. \u00a7 28).<\/p>\n
125. Cezai sorumluluklar\u0131n kapsam\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek, buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak da su\u00e7un unsurlar\u0131 itibar\u0131yla olu\u015fup olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya da bunun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan cezan\u0131n derecesini de\u011ferlendirmek derece mahkemelerinin g\u00f6revidir. Su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesinin gere\u011fi olarak derece mahkemelerinin bu de\u011ferlendirme kapsam\u0131ndaki yorumlar\u0131n\u0131n su\u00e7un tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve cezan\u0131n belirlendi\u011fi kural\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcyle \u00e7eli\u015fmemesi, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131 gerekir. Ba\u015fvurucunun iddialar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen incelemede, Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n an\u0131lan \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn bir ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc oldu\u011funa dair de\u011ferlendirmeleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ba\u015fvurucunun \u00fczerinde ele ge\u00e7irilen bombay\u0131 kendisinin imal etti\u011fine dair m\u00fcdafi yard\u0131m\u0131ndan faydaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada verdi\u011fi ifadesi ve bu bomban\u0131n niteli\u011fine dair raporlar do\u011frultusunda, yeniden yarg\u0131lama yapan Mahkemenin kesinle\u015fen \u00f6nceki mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131na at\u0131fla \u00f6nceki h\u00fckm\u00fcn aynen onaylanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin karar\u0131nda yer alan, ba\u015fvurucunun s\u00f6z konusu bomba itibar\u0131yla dahi \u0130BDA\/C silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 nihai su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan vehamet arz eden elveri\u015fli eylemi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fine ve su\u00e7un unsurlar\u0131 itibar\u0131yla olu\u015ftu\u011funa dair de\u011ferlendirmelerinin temelsiz, su\u00e7un \u00f6z\u00fc ile uyumsuz ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemez oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n
126. A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle ba\u015fvurunun bu k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n da di\u011fer kabul edilebilirlik ko\u015fullar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenmeksizin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmas\u0131 nedeniyle kabul edilemez oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e bu sonuca kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
D. Di\u011fer \u0130hlal \u0130ddialar\u0131<\/p>\n
127. Ba\u015fvurucunun tutuklaman\u0131n hukuki olmamas\u0131 nedeniyle ki\u015fi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddias\u0131n\u0131n \u00dcmit Tekin ([1. B.], B. No: 2013\/781, 26\/3\/2013, \u00a7\u00a7 14-19), Y.C.K. ([1. B.], B. No: 2012\/889, 26\/3\/2013) ve Zafer \u00d6zt\u00fcrk ([1. B.], B. No: 2012\/51, 25\/12\/2012) kararlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda zaman bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetkisizlik nedeniyle; mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak tutulman\u0131n hukuki olmamas\u0131 nedeniyle ki\u015fi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi hakk\u0131 ile deliller hatal\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilerek mahk\u00fbmiyetine karar verilmesi nedeniyle de adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddialar\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7.\u00d6. ([GK], B. No: 2014\/5927, 19\/7\/2018), Ahmet Sa\u011flam ([2. B.], B. No: 2013\/3351, 18\/9\/2013) ve \u015eahin Alpay (2) [GK], B. No: 2018\/3007, 15\/3\/2018, \u00a7 53) kararlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmas\u0131 nedeniyle kabul edilemez oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
VI. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle;<\/p>\n
A. Adli yard\u0131m talebinin KABUL\u00dcNE,<\/p>\n
B. 1. M\u00fcdafi yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlanma hakk\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak hakkaniyete uygun yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmas\u0131 nedeniyle KABUL ED\u0130LEMEZ OLDU\u011eUNA OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
2. Su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesinin ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmas\u0131 nedeniyle KABUL ED\u0130LEMEZ OLDU\u011eUNA Selahaddin MENTE\u015e’in kar\u015f\u0131oyu ve OY\u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA,<\/p>\n
3. Di\u011fer ihlal iddialar\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilebilirlik kriterlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamamas\u0131 nedeniyle KABUL ED\u0130LEMEZ OLDU\u011eUNA OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE,<\/p>\n
C. 12\/1\/2011 tarihli ve 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu’nun 339. maddesinin (2) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca tahsil edilmesi ma\u011fduriyetine neden olaca\u011f\u0131ndan adli yard\u0131m talebi kabul edilen ba\u015fvurucunun yarg\u0131lama giderlerini \u00f6demekten TAMAMEN MUAF TUTULMASINA,<\/p>\n
D. Karar\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011finin Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE 29\/4\/2025 tarihinde karar verildi.<\/p>\n
KAR\u015eIOY<\/p>\n
1. Mahkemenin say\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015fvurucunun su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesinin ihlal edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddian\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dayanaktan yoksun olmas\u0131 nedeniyle kabul edilemez oldu\u011funa karar verilmi\u015ftir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtece\u011fim gerek\u00e7elerle say\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lmad\u0131m.<\/p>\n
2. Olay ve olgular mahkememizin gerek\u00e7eli karar\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak \u00f6zetlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
3. Ba\u015fvurucu \u0130BDA\/C \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00f6neticisi oldu\u011fu iddia edilen S.\u0130.E hakk\u0131ndaki mahkumiyet karar\u0131n\u0131n kesinle\u015fmesinden sonra yap\u0131lan yeniden yarg\u0131lama faaliyeti \u00fczerine \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00f6neticisi ve kurucusu hakk\u0131nda beraat karar\u0131 verildi\u011fini bu haliyle \u0130BDA-C \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn var olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
4. Kendisinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi eylemleri kabul etmedi\u011fini eylemleri sabit g\u00f6r\u00fclse de geli\u015fen yeni durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda eylemlerin 765 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK\u2019n\u0131n 146. maddesi (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda su\u00e7u olu\u015fturmayaca\u011f\u0131 ve ayr\u0131ca vehamet arz etmedi\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
5. Yeniden yarg\u0131lama sonucu geli\u015fen hukuki durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda derece mahkemelerinin kendisi hakk\u0131nda su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesi y\u00f6n\u00fcyle gerekli inceleme yapmadan karar verdiklerini beyan etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
6. Ba\u015fvurucunun talebi su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesi ba\u011flam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin bu konudaki yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtildi\u011fi \u015fekildedir.<\/p>\n
7. \u201c Su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik, Anayasa ve A\u0130HS\u2019de g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f temel bir ilkedir (B. No: 2013\/849, 15\/4\/2014, \u00a7 28).<\/p>\n
8. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n \u201cSu\u00e7 ve cezalara ili\u015fkin esaslar\u201d kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 38. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
9. \u201cKimse, i\u015flendi\u011fi zaman y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan kanunun su\u00e7 saymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir fiilden dolay\u0131 cezaland\u0131r\u0131lamaz; kimseye su\u00e7u i\u015fledi\u011fi zaman kanunda o su\u00e7 i\u00e7in konulmu\u015f olan cezadan daha a\u011f\u0131r bir ceza verilemez.\u201d<\/p>\n
10. A\u0130HS\u2019nin \u201cKanunsuz ceza olmaz\u201d kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 7. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
11. \u201cHi\u00e7 kimse, i\u015flendi\u011fi zaman ulusal veya uluslararas\u0131 hukuka g\u00f6re su\u00e7 olu\u015fturmayan bir eylem veya ihmalden dolay\u0131 su\u00e7lu bulunamaz. Ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7imde, su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fi s\u0131rada uygulanabilir olan cezadan daha a\u011f\u0131r bir ceza verilemez.\u201d<\/p>\n
12. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerle ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde kanunla d\u00fczenleme ilkesine pek \u00e7ok maddede ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 yer verildi\u011fi gibi, 13. maddede ifade edilen temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin genel ilkelerde de s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n \u201cancak kanunla\u201d yap\u0131labilece\u011fi kurala ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n su\u00e7 ve cezalar\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen 38. maddesinde de (\u00a7 35) \u201csu\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesi\u201d \u00f6zel olarak g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (B. No: 2013\/849, 15\/4\/2014, \u00a7 31).<\/p>\n
13. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 38. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda, \u201cKimse, … kanunun su\u00e7 saymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir fiilden dolay\u0131 cezaland\u0131r\u0131lamaz\u201d denilerek \u201csu\u00e7ta kanunilik\u201d, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda da \u201cceza ve ceza yerine ge\u00e7en g\u00fcvenlik tedbirleri ancak kanunla konulur\u201d denilerek, \u201ccezada kanunilik\u201d ilkeleri g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u201csu\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesi\u201d, insan hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini esas alan bir anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, ceza hukukunun da temel ilkelerinden birini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 38. maddesine paralel olarak 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 2. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen \u201csu\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesi\u201d uyar\u0131nca, hangi eylemlerin yasakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu yasak eylemlere verilecek cezalar\u0131n hi\u00e7bir ku\u015fkuya yer b\u0131rakmayacak bi\u00e7imde kanunda g\u00f6sterilmesi, kural\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n belli olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmektedir. Ki\u015filerin yasak eylemleri \u00f6nceden bilmeleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine dayanan bu ilkeyle temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.2010\/69, K.2011\/116, K.T. 7\/7\/2011).<\/p>\n
14. Su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesi, hukuk devletinin kurucu unsurlar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Kanunilik ilkesi, genel olarak b\u00fct\u00fcn hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin d\u00fczenlenmesinde temel bir g\u00fcvence olu\u015fturman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, su\u00e7 ve cezalar\u0131n belirlenmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6zel bir anlam ve \u00f6neme sahip olup, bu kapsamda ki\u015filerin kanunen yasaklanmam\u0131\u015f veya yapt\u0131r\u0131ma ba\u011flanmam\u0131\u015f fiillerden dolay\u0131 keyfi bir \u015fekilde su\u00e7lanmalar\u0131 ve cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 \u00f6nlenmekte, buna ek olarak, su\u00e7lanan ki\u015finin lehine olan d\u00fczenlemelerin geriye etkili olarak uygulanmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r. (B. No: 2013\/849, 15\/4\/2014, \u00a7 32).<\/p>\n
15. Kamu otoritesinin ve bunun bir sonucu olan ceza verme yetkisinin keyfi ve hukuk d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ama\u00e7larla kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenebilmesi, kanunilik ilkesinin kat\u0131 bir \u015fekilde uygulanmas\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir. Bu do\u011frultuda, kamu otoritesini temsil eden yasama, y\u00fcr\u00fctme ve yarg\u0131 erklerinin, bu ilkeye sayg\u0131l\u0131 hareket etmeleri; su\u00e7 ve cezalara ili\u015fkin kanuni d\u00fczenlemelerin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n, yasama organ\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan belirgin bir \u015fekilde \u00e7izilmesi, y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 kanunla belirlenmi\u015f bir yetkiye dayanmaks\u0131z\u0131n, d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemleri ile su\u00e7 ve ceza ihdas etmemesi, ceza hukukunu uygulamakla g\u00f6revli yarg\u0131 organ\u0131n da kanunlarda belirlenen su\u00e7 ve cezalar\u0131n kapsam\u0131n\u0131 yorum yoluyla geni\u015fletmemesi gerekir (B. No: 2013\/849, 15\/4\/2014, \u00a7 32).<\/p>\n
16. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde yer alan \u201chukuk devleti\u201dnin temel ilkelerinden biri \u201cbelirlilik\u201dtir. Bu ilkeye g\u00f6re, yasal d\u00fczenlemelerin hem ki\u015filer hem de idare y\u00f6n\u00fcnden herhangi bir duraksamaya ve ku\u015fkuya yer vermeyecek \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k, net, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r ve uygulanabilir olmas\u0131, ayr\u0131ca kamu otoritelerinin keyfi uygulamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu bir tak\u0131m g\u00fcvenceler i\u00e7ermesi gereklidir. Belirlilik ilkesi, hukuksal g\u00fcvenlikle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olup; birey, belirli bir kesinlik i\u00e7inde, hangi somut eylem ve olguya hangi hukuksal yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n veya sonucun ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunlar\u0131n idareye hangi m\u00fcdahale yetkisini do\u011furdu\u011funu, kanundan \u00f6\u011frenebilme imk\u00e2n\u0131na sahip olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Birey, ancak bu durumda kendisine d\u00fc\u015fen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcp, davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyebilir. Hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, kurallar\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131, bireylerin t\u00fcm eylem ve i\u015flemlerinde devlete g\u00fcven duyabilmesini, devletin de kanuni d\u00fczenlemelerde bu g\u00fcven duygusunu zedeleyici y\u00f6ntemlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lar (AYM, E.2009\/51, K.2010\/73, K.T. 20\/5\/2010; AYM, E.2009\/21, K.2011\/16, K.T. 13\/1\/2011; AYM, E.2010\/69, K.2011\/116, K.T. 7\/7\/2011; AYM, E.2011\/18, K.2012\/53, K.T. 11\/4\/2012).<\/p>\n
17. Hukuk devletinde, bireylerin belirli bir zaman diliminde hangi fiillerin su\u00e7 olarak tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hangi cezai yapt\u0131r\u0131mlara ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilip \u00f6ng\u00f6rebilmeleri, bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle ceza hukuku kurallar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir ve eri\u015filebilir olmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. Aksi takdirde \u201cCeza kanunlar\u0131n\u0131 bilmemek mazeret say\u0131lmaz\u201d \u015feklinde ifade edilen ceza hukuku prensibinin hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayacakt\u0131r. Zira ceza sorumlulu\u011fu, ki\u015finin fiilinin bilincinde oldu\u011fu ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradesiyle su\u00e7 olan bu fiili i\u015fledi\u011fi varsay\u0131m\u0131na dayan\u0131r. Bu nedenle, ki\u015finin i\u015fledi\u011fi fiilden sorumlu tutulabilmesi i\u00e7in, hangi fiillerin su\u00e7 oldu\u011funun kanunlarda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6sterilmesi gereklidir (AYM, E.1991\/18, K.1992\/20, K.T. 31\/3\/1992).\u201d<\/p>\n
18. Yukar\u0131daki ilkeler ba\u011flam\u0131nda somut olay de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. \u0130BDA\/C \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00f6neticisinin \u00fczerine at\u0131l\u0131 eylemden beraat etti\u011fi mahkemenin de kabul etti\u011fi bir durumdur. \u00d6rg\u00fct y\u00f6neticisinin y\u00f6neticilik vasf\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla beraat etti\u011fi bir durumda \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve vehamet arz eden 765 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK\u2019n\u0131n 146. maddesi kapsam\u0131ndaki eylemlerin ama\u00e7 su\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finin kabul\u00fc ortaya konulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
19. Hukuk sistemimizde 765 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK\u2019n\u0131n 146. maddesindeki su\u00e7un olu\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in bu kapsamda eylem yapan \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yarg\u0131 organlar\u0131nca kesinle\u015fmi\u015f bir karar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gereklidir. \u0130BDA\/C \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn liderinin beraat etti\u011fi bir hukuki durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda derece mahkemelerinin TCK 146. madde ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 eylemlerini de\u011ferlendirip karar vermeleri gerekmektedir. Somut olayda derece mahkemelerince bu durumlar ortaya konulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mahkememizce yukar\u0131da belirtti\u011fim ilkeler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde inceleme yap\u0131larak su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesinin ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
20. Ba\u015fvurucu y\u00f6n\u00fcnden, su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesinin ihlal edildi\u011fi kanaatine vard\u0131\u011f\u0131mdan say\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lmad\u0131m.<\/p>\n
\u00dcye<\/p>\n
Selahaddin MENTE\u015e<\/p>\n
\u200bAnayasa Mahkemesi’nin 29\/4\/2025 tarihli ve 2022\/80119 ba\u015fvuru numaral\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130 ANAYASA MAHKEMES\u0130 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM KARAR A.A. BA\u015eVURUSU (Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2022\/80119) Karar Tarihi: 29\/4\/2025 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM KARAR Ba\u015fkan : Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN \u00dcyeler : Recai AKYEL Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ Selahaddin MENTE\u015e Y\u0131lmaz AK\u00c7\u0130L Raport\u00f6r : H\u00fcseyin \u00d6zg\u00fcr SEV\u0130ML\u0130 Ba\u015fvurucu : Vekili : Av. Mehmet Ali ASLAN I. BA\u015eVURUNUN KONUSU 1. Ba\u015fvuru; kesinle\u015fen mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda yeniden yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonucunda soru\u015fturma evresinde m\u00fcdafii haz\u0131r bulunmaks\u0131z\u0131n al\u0131nan ifadelerin h\u00fckme esas al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve delillerin hatal\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmesi suretiyle \u00f6nceki mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131n\u0131n aynen onaylanmas\u0131 nedeniyle adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n, tatbik edilen hukuk kurallar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemez nitelikte olmas\u0131 nedeniyle de su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesinin ihlal edildi\u011fi iddialar\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. II. BA\u015eVURU S\u00dcREC\u0130 2. Ba\u015fvuru 12\/8\/2022 tarihinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kabul edilebilirlik konusunda oybirli\u011fi sa\u011flanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015fvuru Komisyonca B\u00f6l\u00fcme sevk edilmi\u015ftir. 3. Ba\u015fvuru belgelerinin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi, bilgi i\u00e7in Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (Bakanl\u0131k) g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Bakanl\u0131k, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc bildirmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu, Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 beyanda bulunmu\u015ftur. III. OLAY VE OLGULAR 4. Ba\u015fvuru formu ve eklerinde ifade edildi\u011fi \u015fekliyle ilgili olaylar \u015f\u00f6yledir: A. Ba\u015fvurucu Hakk\u0131nda A\u00e7\u0131lan Ceza Davas\u0131na Konu Eylemler 1. 18\/11\/1999 Tarihli Olay 5. Kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin d\u00fczenledikleri 18\/11\/1999 tarihli tutana\u011fa g\u00f6re devriye g\u00f6revi yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada haber merkezinin bir ki\u015finin \u00dcsk\u00fcdar’daki Atat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce Derne\u011fini (ADD) bombalad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ihbar etti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemesi \u00fczerine an\u0131lan derne\u011fe gidildi\u011finde yerde cam k\u0131r\u0131klar\u0131 …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-132715","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n