Eingang<\/p>\n
Apartman ve site ya\u015fam\u0131, farkl\u0131 insanlar\u0131n bir arada ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren \u00f6zel bir d\u00fczendir. Bu d\u00fczenin sorunsuz i\u015flemesi i\u00e7in herkesin uymas\u0131 gereken baz\u0131 kurallara ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu kurallar\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu belgeye y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 denir.<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131, apartman\u0131n nas\u0131l y\u00f6netilece\u011fini, ortak alanlar\u0131n nas\u0131l kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, y\u00f6neticinin g\u00f6revlerini ve hatta aidatlar\u0131n nas\u0131l belirlenece\u011fini d\u00fczenler. Sadece bir belge de\u011fil, kat maliklerini ba\u011flayan bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme niteli\u011findedir.<\/p>\n
Ancak uygulamada y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu zaman dikkatle okunmadan imzalan\u0131r, y\u0131llarca rafta bekler, anla\u015fmazl\u0131k ya\u015fan\u0131nca hat\u0131rlan\u0131r. Oysa bu belge, hem bireysel haklar\u0131n hem de ortak ya\u015fam\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n
Bu yaz\u0131da, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 hukuki anlam, hangi konular\u0131 kapsayabilece\u011fi, nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015ftirilece\u011fi ve hangi durumlarda ge\u00e7ersiz say\u0131labilece\u011fi Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131 e\u015fli\u011finde incelenecektir.<\/p>\n
634 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanununun \u201cY\u00f6netim pl\u00e2n\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 28. maddesine g\u00f6re Y\u00d6NET\u0130M PL\u00c2NININ N\u0130TEL\u0130KLER\u0130:<\/p>\n
1. S\u00f6zle\u015fme Niteli\u011fi Ta\u015f\u0131r:\u2028Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131, t\u00fcm kat maliklerini ba\u011flayan bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir. Yani, herkes i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli ve zorunlu bir metindir.<\/p>\n
2. Y\u00f6netim Tarz\u0131n\u0131 D\u00fczenler:\u2028Anagayrimenkul\u00fcn nas\u0131l y\u00f6netilece\u011fini, hangi esaslara g\u00f6re y\u00f6netim yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler.<\/p>\n
3. Kullanma Maksat ve \u015eeklini Belirler:\u2028Ortak alanlar\u0131n ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin ne ama\u00e7la ve nas\u0131l kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenler.<\/p>\n
4. Y\u00f6netici ve Denet\u00e7i \u00dccretlerini Belirler:\u2028Y\u00f6netici ve denet\u00e7ilerin alacaklar\u0131 \u00fccret ve hak edi\u015fler a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bu planda yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n
5. Y\u00f6netime Ait Di\u011fer Hususlar\u0131 D\u00fczenler:\u2028Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131, y\u00f6netime ili\u015fkin sair t\u00fcm hususlar\u0131 i\u00e7erebilir (\u00f6rne\u011fin; toplant\u0131 zaman\u0131, aidat belirleme usulleri, oy kullanma usulleri vs.).<\/p>\n
6. Kanun ve Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmlere T\u00e2bidir:\u2028Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmayan hallerde, y\u00f6netimle ilgili ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu ve genel h\u00fck\u00fcmler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
7. De\u011fi\u015fiklik \u0130\u00e7in Nitelikli \u00c7o\u011funluk Gerekir:\u2028Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi, b\u00fct\u00fcn kat maliklerinin be\u015fte d\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcn oyuna ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
8. Mahkemeye Ba\u015fvuru Hakk\u0131 Sakl\u0131d\u0131r:\u2028Kat maliklerinin, 33. madde kapsam\u0131nda mahkemeye ba\u015fvurma hakk\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r (\u00f6rne\u011fin y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n iptali veya d\u00fczeltilmesi i\u00e7in).<\/p>\n
9. Ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Geni\u015ftir:\u2028Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 ve sonradan yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, sadece kat maliklerini de\u011fil, onlar\u0131n k\u00fclli ve c\u00fczi haleflerini, ayr\u0131ca y\u00f6netici ve denet\u00e7ileri de ba\u011flar.<\/p>\n
10. Tescil ve Saklama Zorunlulu\u011fu Vard\u0131r:\u2028Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 ve de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinin tarihi, kat m\u00fclkiyeti k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn beyanlar hanesinde g\u00f6sterilir ve kurulu\u015f belgeleri aras\u0131nda saklan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu madde 18 y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir<\/p>\n
Kat malikleri; ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini, eklentilerini ve ortak alanlar\u0131 kullan\u0131rken do\u011fruluk kurallar\u0131na uymak, birbirlerini rahats\u0131z etmemek, haklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7i\u011fnememek ve y\u00f6netim plan\u0131na uymakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131, kat maliklerini ba\u011flayan bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca, kat maliklerinin bor\u00e7lar\u0131; kirac\u0131lar, oturma hakk\u0131 sahipleri ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcmden devaml\u0131 olarak faydalanan ki\u015filere de uygulan\u0131r. Bu ki\u015filer bor\u00e7lardan kat malikleriyle birlikte m\u00fcteselsilen sorumludur.<\/p>\n
Y\u00d6NET\u0130M PLANI \u0130LE D\u00dcZENLEBEN\u0130LECEK DURUMLARA \u00d6RNEKLER<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim Kurulu Taraf\u0131ndan Para Cezas\u0131 Uygulanabilmesi \u0130\u00e7in Y\u00f6netim Plan\u0131nda A\u00e7\u0131k H\u00fck\u00fcm Bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. Hukuk Dairesi, E: 2010\/7759, K: 2010\/12174<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6neticiye veya y\u00f6netim kuruluna para cezas\u0131 kesme yetkisi istisnai bir yetkidir ve ancak y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yer almas\u0131 h\u00e2linde hukuki ge\u00e7erlilik kazan\u0131r. Ceza uygulanacak fiillerin ve bunlara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen miktarlar\u0131n y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 zorunludur. Aksi durumda, y\u00f6neticinin ya da kurulun ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararlar, apartman panolar\u0131nda ilan edilse veya Whatsapp gruplar\u0131nda duyurulsa bile, hukuki sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmaz. Yarg\u0131tay, bu karar\u0131nda y\u00f6netim plan\u0131na uygun \u015fekilde verilmi\u015f para cezas\u0131 uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 onaylam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim Plan\u0131nda Yer Alan \u201cBek\u00e2ra Kiraya Verilemez\u201d H\u00fckm\u00fc, \u0130ptal Edilmedik\u00e7e Ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. Hukuk Dairesi, E: 2008\/388, K: 2008\/3679, T: 27.03.2018<\/p>\n
Bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn bekar bir ki\u015fiye kiraya verilmesini yasaklayan y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fc, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 ve temel haklara m\u00fcdahale niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131sa da, yarg\u0131 karar\u0131yla iptal edilmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini korur. Yarg\u0131tay, bu karar\u0131nda s\u00f6z konusu d\u00fczenlemenin hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerle \u00e7eli\u015fse bile mevcut haliyle kat maliklerini ba\u011flamaya devam edece\u011fini ifade etmi\u015ftir. Bu i\u00e7tihat, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerle m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 aras\u0131nda nas\u0131l bir denge kurulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dair dikkat \u00e7ekici bir \u00f6rnek te\u015fkil etmektedir.<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim Plan\u0131nda Mesken Kullan\u0131m\u0131na Getirilen S\u0131n\u0131rlama, Ticari Faaliyeti Engeller\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu, E: 2011\/176, K: 2011\/318, T: 18.05.2011<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u201cba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin sadece mesken olarak kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131\u201d d\u00fczenlenmi\u015fse, bu s\u0131n\u0131rlama hem bizzat oturma hem de konut amac\u0131yla kiraya verme s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ge\u00e7erlidir. T\u00fcm maliklerin yaz\u0131l\u0131 izni olmad\u0131k\u00e7a dairelerin ticari faaliyette, \u00f6rne\u011fin doktor muayenehanesi olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Yarg\u0131tay, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n hem eski hem de de\u011fi\u015fiklikten sonraki halini de\u011ferlendirerek, konut d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131 yasaklayan bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 teyit etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Konut Olarak Kay\u0131tl\u0131 Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz, Kat Maliklerinin 4\/5 Onay\u0131 Olmadan Ticari Ama\u00e7la Kullan\u0131lamaz\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 5. Hukuk Dairesi, E: 2024\/12509, K: 2025\/4640, T: 08.04.2025<\/p>\n
Tapuda mesken olarak kay\u0131tl\u0131 bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcm, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda aksi belirtilmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece ve kat maliklerinin be\u015fte d\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcn yaz\u0131l\u0131 izni al\u0131nmaks\u0131z\u0131n ticari ama\u00e7la kullan\u0131lamaz. Bu kararda, konut niteli\u011findeki ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n dans kursu olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netim plan\u0131na ve Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu\u2019na ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim Plan\u0131nda \u00dccret Yoksa, Sonradan Kurul Karar\u0131yla \u00dccret Belirlenemez\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 5. Hukuk Dairesi, E: 1984\/6650, K: 1984\/6726, T: 17.09.1984<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda y\u00f6neticilere \u00fccret \u00f6denmeyece\u011fi yaz\u0131yorsa, kat malikleri kurulu bu karar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiremez; ancak be\u015fte d\u00f6rt \u00e7o\u011funlukla y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirildi\u011fi takdirde \u00f6deme yap\u0131labilir. Yarg\u0131tay, bu karar\u0131yla y\u00f6netim plan\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u015fekilde al\u0131nan kurul karar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7erli olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kat Malikleri Kurulunun G\u00f6rev ve Yetkileri Y\u00f6netim Plan\u0131yla Belirlenebilir<\/p>\n
Kat malikleri kurulunun hangi konularda karar alabilece\u011fi ve nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 ile ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenebilir. Kanun, bu konuda s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 bir engel koymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, kurulun g\u00f6rev ve yetki s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, planla geni\u015fletilebilir ya da daralt\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Yasaklay\u0131c\u0131 Bir H\u00fck\u00fcm Yoksa, D\u0131\u015f Cepheye Tabela As\u0131lmas\u0131 M\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 20. Hukuk Dairesi, E: 2017\/2801, K: 2018\/3966, T: 28.05.2018 \u2013 E: 2017\/3331, K: 2018\/7306, T: 13.11.2018<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015fyerinin bulundu\u011fu ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f cephesine tabela ya da reklam panosu as\u0131lmas\u0131, binan\u0131n mimarisini bozmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve cephe s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece serbesttir. Ancak bu serbesti, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda ya da kat malikleri kurulunun kararlar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k bir yasaklama bulunmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n
Projeye ve Y\u00f6netim Plan\u0131na Ayk\u0131r\u0131 Klima Ortak Alanda B\u0131rak\u0131lamaz\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. Hukuk Dairesi, E: 2010\/3535, K: 2010\/9289, T: 21.06.2010<\/p>\n
Ortak alanlara yerle\u015ftirilen klima gibi cihazlar, projeye ve y\u00f6netim plan\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131ysa orada kalamaz. Yarg\u0131tay, bu karar\u0131nda ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n tespiti h\u00e2linde mahkemenin cihaz\u0131n s\u00f6k\u00fclmesine karar vermesi gerekti\u011fini vurgulam\u0131\u015f, kald\u0131rma talebinin reddini hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur<\/p>\n
Ortak Giderler, Y\u00f6netim Plan\u0131nda Belirtildi\u011fi Gibi Arsa Pay\u0131na G\u00f6re Payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. Hukuk Dairesi, E: 2013\/1384, K: 2013\/3070, T: 05.03.2013<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda ortak giderlerin arsa pay\u0131na g\u00f6re payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015fse, kat malikleri kurulu farkl\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntem belirleyemez. Bu kararda Yarg\u0131tay, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak m\u00b2 esas\u0131na g\u00f6re gider payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik kurul karar\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7ersiz saym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ortak giderlerin payla\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemi, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirilmeden kurul karar\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015ftirilemez; bunun i\u00e7in t\u00fcm kat maliklerinin be\u015fte d\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcn onay\u0131 gereklidir.<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim Plan\u0131nda Belirtilen \u00d6deme Tarihi, \u0130htar Olmaks\u0131z\u0131n Temerr\u00fct Nedeni Say\u0131l\u0131r\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu, E: 2002\/474, K: 2002\/514, T: 12.06.2002<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda aidat veya avans \u00f6demesi i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k bir vade belirlenmi\u015fse, kat maliklerinin ayr\u0131ca yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak uyar\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek yoktur. Her kat maliki, borcunu y\u00f6netim plan\u0131na g\u00f6re belirlenen tarihte kendili\u011finden \u00f6\u011frenip \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu tarihin gelmesiyle birlikte bor\u00e7 muaccel h\u00e2le gelir ve temerr\u00fct ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. Yarg\u0131tay, bu karar\u0131yla y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fme niteli\u011fini ve do\u011frudan temerr\u00fct do\u011furucu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc teyit etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim Plan\u0131nda \u0130zin Varsa, Klima ve Reklam Tabelas\u0131 Ortak Alana Konabilir\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. Hukuk Dairesi, E: 2010\/8614, K: 2010\/13764, T: 25.10.2010<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a izin verilmi\u015fse, klima \u00fcnitesi \u00e7at\u0131ya veya terasa konabilir; reklam tabelas\u0131 bina cephesine ya da yan cephelere yerle\u015ftirilebilir. Bu kullan\u0131m, ortak alan\u0131n m\u00fclkiyetini de\u011fi\u015ftirmez. Yarg\u0131tay, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda belirtilen bu t\u00fcr d\u00fczenlemelerin ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011funu ve di\u011fer maliklerin r\u0131zas\u0131na gerek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim Plan\u0131, Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn Kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 Oybirli\u011fi \u015eart\u0131na Ba\u011flayabilir\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu, E: 2005\/695, K: 2005\/759, T: 21.12.2005<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda, bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn tapuda yaz\u0131l\u0131 niteli\u011fi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kullan\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in t\u00fcm kat maliklerinin oybirli\u011fiyle karar almas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmi\u015fse, bu h\u00fck\u00fcm ge\u00e7erlidir ve ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Yarg\u0131tay, \u201cm\u00fc\u015favirlik b\u00fcrosu\u201d gibi konut d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131mlar\u0131n da bu yasak kapsam\u0131nda oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015f, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncelikle dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131, Kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece h\u00e2kim i\u00e7in ilk ba\u015fvuru kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim Plan\u0131nda Yasak Varsa Evcil Hayvan Beslenemez\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu, E: 2017\/3018, K: 2022\/6, T: 18.01.2022<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda y\u00fcksek katl\u0131 binalarda evcil hayvan beslenemeyece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, bu kurala herkes uymak zorundad\u0131r. Yarg\u0131tay, k\u00f6pek beslenmesini yasaklayan bu h\u00fckme ra\u011fmen davan\u0131n reddedilmesini do\u011fru bulmam\u0131\u015f ve y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekerek karar\u0131 bozmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim Plan\u0131, Y\u00f6neticinin Nas\u0131l Se\u00e7ilece\u011fini Belirleyebilir\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. Hukuk Dairesi, E: 2013\/3037, K: 2013\/6047, T: 11.04.2013<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda, blok y\u00f6neticisi ve denet\u00e7isinin ancak ada\/parsel kat malikleri kurulunun onay\u0131yla se\u00e7ilebilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015fse, bu d\u00fczenleme ge\u00e7erlidir. Yarg\u0131tay, bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu\u2019na ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015f ve y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda se\u00e7im usul\u00fcne ili\u015fkin getirilen kurallar\u0131n uygulanabilece\u011fini kabul etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim Plan\u0131nda \u201cMesken\u201d Denmi\u015fse B\u00fcro Dahi A\u00e7\u0131lamaz\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu, E: 2010\/617, K: 2010\/637, T: 08.12.2010<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin sadece mesken olarak kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131yorsa, bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmler avukatl\u0131k b\u00fcrosu gibi ama\u00e7larla da kullan\u0131lamaz. Yarg\u0131tay, b\u00f6yle bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik i\u00e7in t\u00fcm kat maliklerinin oybirli\u011fi gerekti\u011fini belirterek, mesken d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131 hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim Plan\u0131yla Ortak Alan Tahsisi M\u00fcmk\u00fcn M\u00fcd\u00fcr?<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 ile ortak yerlerin baz\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcmler lehine kullan\u0131m\u0131na izin verilebilir. Ancak bu tahsis, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 vermez, yaln\u0131zca kullanma yetkisi tan\u0131r. Kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131 devredilemez, de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lamaz ve ortak yer niteli\u011fi ortadan kalkmaz. S\u0131\u011f\u0131nak, tesisat odas\u0131 gibi mutlak ortak yerler ise hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde \u00f6zel kullan\u0131ma b\u0131rak\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n
Karar \u00d6zetleri<\/p>\n
Kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131 verilebilir ama yap\u0131lamaz \u2013 Tahsis, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 do\u011furmaz\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. HD, E: 2013\/1897, K: 2013\/3127, T: 05.03.2013\u2028Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda ortak bir yerin belirli bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcm lehine kullan\u0131m\u0131na izin verildiyse, bu alan de\u011fi\u015ftirilemeden oldu\u011fu gibi kullan\u0131labilir. Ancak bu hak malikine o alanda in\u015faat yapma veya tasarrufta bulunma yetkisi vermez.<\/p>\n
Tahsis yap\u0131lsa da yerin ortak alan niteli\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fmez\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. HD, E: 2002\/6, K: 2004\/722, T: 10.02.2004\u2028Ortak bir yerin y\u00f6netim plan\u0131yla bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcme tahsis edilmesi, buras\u0131n\u0131n ortak yer olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez. M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 do\u011fmaz, yaln\u0131zca kullan\u0131m izni verilir.<\/p>\n
S\u0131\u011f\u0131nak gibi alanlar hi\u00e7bir suretle tahsis edilemez\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. HD, E: 2009\/12939, K: 2010\/5919, T: 13.04.2010\u2028Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131yla ortak alanlardan baz\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmler belirli ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcmler lehine tahsis edilebilir. Ancak s\u0131\u011f\u0131nak gibi mutlak ortak alanlar hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde \u00f6zel kullan\u0131ma konu edilemez. Bu y\u00f6ndeki h\u00fck\u00fcm yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r ve iptal edilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 20. HD, E: 2019\/1113, K: 2019\/2029, T: 21.03.2019\u2028S\u0131\u011f\u0131nak, tesisat odas\u0131 gibi \u00f6zel amaca tahsisli yerler hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere, kalan ortak alanlar\u0131n bir veya birka\u00e7 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcme kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ancak y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k \u015fekilde belirtilmi\u015f olmal\u0131 ve \u00f6zel alanlar d\u0131\u015far\u0131da tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bah\u00e7enin sadece bir malik lehine tahsisi e\u015fitlik ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 5. HD, E: 1982\/5476, K: 1982\/5580, T: 31.05.1982\u2028Bah\u00e7enin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcme tahsis edilmi\u015fse ve bu durum y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda yer al\u0131yorsa, bu d\u00fczenleme e\u015fitlik ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 kabul edilmemi\u015ftir. Dava reddedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Daha \u00f6nce muvafakat verilen tahsis i\u00e7in sonradan dava a\u00e7\u0131lamaz\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay HGK, E: 2010\/269, K: 2010\/268, T: 12.05.2010\u2028Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131yla bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131 bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcme verildiyse ve di\u011fer kat malikleri buna \u00f6nceden muvafakat ettiyse, daha sonra bu kullan\u0131ma itiraz etmek d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Y\u00d6NET\u0130M PLANI DE\u011e\u0130\u015e\u0130KL\u0130\u011e\u0130<\/p>\n
De\u011fi\u015fiklik i\u00e7in be\u015fte d\u00f6rt \u00e7o\u011funluk gerekir\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. HD, E: 2012\/29, K: 2012\/2554, T: 12.03.2012\u2028Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu\u2019nun 28. maddesi uyar\u0131nca, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilmesi i\u00e7in t\u00fcm kat maliklerinin be\u015fte d\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcn yaz\u0131l\u0131 onay\u0131 gerekir. Toplant\u0131ya 387 ki\u015filik siteden yaln\u0131zca 203 ki\u015fi kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve yeterli \u00e7o\u011funluk sa\u011flanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle al\u0131nan de\u011fi\u015fiklik kararlar\u0131n\u0131n iptali gerekirken davan\u0131n reddi hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi genel kurulda al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r; mahkeme de\u011fi\u015ftiremez\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. HD, E: 2008\/9229, K: 2008\/12777, T: 01.12.2008\u2028Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yaln\u0131zca kat malikleri kurulu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131labilir. Bu de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin tapuya tescili de maliklerin sorumlulu\u011fundad\u0131r. Mahkemenin, maliklerin yerine ge\u00e7erek y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapmas\u0131 ve tapuya tesciline karar vermesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Y\u00d6NET\u0130M PLANI H\u00dcK\u00dcMLER\u0130N\u0130N \u0130PTAL\u0130 VE GE\u00c7ERS\u0130ZL\u0130\u011e\u0130<\/p>\n
Kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler yeni maliklere uygulanamaz\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. HD, E: 1997\/3003, K: 1997\/4118, T: 01.05.1997\u2028Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda, yasada yer almayan ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcmle ilgili olmayan d\u00fczenlemeler varsa, bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler sonradan gelen maliklere uygulanamaz. Mahkeme bu gibi maddelerin kanuna uygunlu\u011funu ara\u015ft\u0131rmadan karar veremez.<\/p>\n
Mimari projeye ayk\u0131r\u0131 ya da di\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131 ilgilendiren maddeler ge\u00e7ersizdir\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. HD, E: 1996\/7360, K: 1996\/8323, T: 08.10.1996\u2028Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 sadece ana ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n i\u00e7 y\u00f6netimiyle ilgili konular\u0131 kapsayabilir. Kom\u015fu parsellerle birle\u015fik kullan\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan maddeler ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olamaz.<\/p>\n
Gelecekte imar de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi olursa kat maliklerinin \u00f6nceden muvafakat etti\u011fine dair h\u00fck\u00fcm ge\u00e7ersizdir\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. HD, E: 2004\/8944, K: 2005\/639, T: 10.02.2005\u2028\u0130mar yasas\u0131 de\u011fi\u015firse kat maliklerinin otomatik olarak izin verece\u011fine dair d\u00fczenleme, t\u00fcm maliklerin r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren konularda ge\u00e7erli say\u0131lmaz.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zel Kullan\u0131ml\u0131 Ortak alanlar bir ki\u015fiye s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z \u015fekilde tahsis edilemez\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. HD., E. 1999\/6211, K. 1999\/7670, T. 14.06.1999<\/p>\n
Bir apartman\u0131n bodrum kat\u0131ndaki kap\u0131c\u0131 dairesi, kalorifer dairesi ve s\u0131\u011f\u0131nak gibi alanlar\u0131n bir bankaya tamamen ve s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z \u015fekilde b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131, Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu\u2019na ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu alanlar yasa gere\u011fi \u201cortak yer\u201d olarak kabul edilir ve t\u00fcm kat maliklerinin ortak kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r. Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 ile dahi bu yerler bir ki\u015fiye devredilemez.<\/p>\n
Ortak alanda tesis ve de\u011fi\u015fiklik i\u00e7in be\u015fte d\u00f6rt \u00e7o\u011funluk gerekir\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. HD, E: 2010\/9333, K: 2010\/13806, T: 25.10.2010\u2028Kat maliklerinden biri ortak alanda tadilat yapmak istiyorsa, be\u015fte d\u00f6rt \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun yaz\u0131l\u0131 izni gerekir. Bu kural hem yasa hem y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 ile g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 iptal davas\u0131 t\u00fcm kat maliklerine y\u00f6neltilmelidir\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 5. HD., E. 2021\/9801, K. 2021\/13191, T. 15.11.2021<\/p>\n
Kat maliklerinden biri, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 maddelerinin yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrerek iptalini isteyebilir. Ancak bu dava, t\u00fcm kat maliklerini do\u011frudan ilgilendirdi\u011finden, davan\u0131n t\u00fcm maliklere y\u00f6neltilmesi zorunludur. T\u00fcm taraflar davaya d\u00e2hil edilmeden karar verilmesi do\u011fru de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Kat m\u00fclkiyetine ge\u00e7i\u015fte mahkeme y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131 kendili\u011finden tamamlayabilir\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. HD., E. 1993\/140, K. 1993\/2851, T. 05.03.1993<\/p>\n
Normalde y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 t\u00fcm kat maliklerinin imzas\u0131yla olu\u015fturulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak e\u011fer kat m\u00fclkiyetine ge\u00e7i\u015f i\u00e7in ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa ve taraflar gerekli belgeleri sunmazsa, mahkeme y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131 kendisi tamamlayabilir ve imzalamayan maliklerin yerine ge\u00e7erek bu belgeyi ge\u00e7erli sayabilir. Bu durum, sadece Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu\u2019nun 10. maddesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00f6zel davalarda m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Her durumda mahkeme y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131 iptal edemez\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. HD., E. 2014\/14018, K. 2014\/15014, T. 28.10.2014<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda ortak alan kullan\u0131mlar\u0131na dair d\u00fczenlemeler varsa ve bu d\u00fczenlemeler Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu\u2019na ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7ermiyorsa, bu t\u00fcr planlar\u0131n iptali mahkeme yoluyla istenemez. E\u011fer maliklerin plan\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi isteniyorsa, bu ancak be\u015fte d\u00f6rt \u00e7o\u011funlukla al\u0131nacak bir karar ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Mahkeme do\u011frudan maliklerin yerine ge\u00e7erek bu karar\u0131 veremez.<\/p>\n
TOPLU Y\u00d6NET\u0130MLERDE Y\u00d6NET\u0130M PLANI<\/p>\n
Yasa \u00f6ncesi toplu yap\u0131larda ilk y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi i\u00e7in salt \u00e7o\u011funluk yeterlidir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 20. HD., E. 2019\/6460 K. 2020\/373 T. 3.2.2020<\/p>\n
634 say\u0131l\u0131 Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu\u2019na 5912 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile eklenen Ge\u00e7ici 2. maddeye g\u00f6re, 14.11.2007 tarihinden \u00f6nce kurulmu\u015f toplu yap\u0131larda, ilk y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi salt \u00e7o\u011funlukla yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Bu kararda, F1 Bankal\u0131lar Sitesi\u2019nde 30 y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u00fcren ortak y\u00f6netim uygulamas\u0131 ve mevcut y\u00f6netim plan\u0131ndaki h\u00fck\u00fcmler dikkate al\u0131narak, sitenin toplu yap\u0131 say\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 20. HD., E. 2018\/109 K. 2018\/1200 T. 20.2.2018<\/p>\n
Davaya konu site, 30 y\u0131ld\u0131r devam eden fiili y\u00f6netim uygulamas\u0131, g\u00fcvenlik, bah\u00e7e d\u00fczeni ve site i\u00e7i ula\u015f\u0131m gibi fiziki ko\u015fullar\u0131yla toplu yap\u0131 olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
5912 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un Ge\u00e7ici 2. maddesi uyar\u0131nca, 14.11.2007 tarihinden \u00f6nce kurulan toplu yap\u0131larda, mevcut y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 ge\u00e7erli olup, yeni y\u00f6netim se\u00e7ilene kadar y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri salt \u00e7o\u011funlukla yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Toplu y\u00f6netime ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f olsa da her parselin ayr\u0131 y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 20. HD., E. 2017\/830 K. 2017\/4368 T. 15.5.2017<\/p>\n
Toplu y\u00f6netime ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f olmas\u0131, her parselin kendine ait y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 olmas\u0131na engel de\u011fildir. Bu durumda, birden fazla y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, ortak kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131na dair k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 veya engelleyici h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin neler oldu\u011fu tespit edilmelidir. Ayr\u0131ca, tescilli y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmamas\u0131na veya ayr\u0131lmaya ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemeler ile iptali istenen plan\u0131n \u00e7eli\u015fen h\u00fck\u00fcmleri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 ve bu kapsamda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 inceleme yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Toplu y\u00f6netime ge\u00e7ilmemi\u015fse, her parselin kendi y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 esas al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay HGK., E. 2023\/572 K. 2024\/351 T. 3.7.2024<\/p>\n
D\u00f6rt ayr\u0131 parselde ortak bir y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 yoksa, sadece ortak alanlarla ilgili kararlar al\u0131nabilir. Her parsel kendi y\u00f6netim plan\u0131na g\u00f6re hareket eder. Bu durumda, parseller aras\u0131 ortak y\u00f6netim kurulmadan yap\u0131lan toplant\u0131lar ve al\u0131nan kararlar ge\u00e7ersiz say\u0131l\u0131r. Mahkeme bu durumu g\u00f6zetmeden davalar\u0131 reddetmi\u015f, karar bu nedenle bozulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Toplu yap\u0131 kurulmam\u0131\u015fsa, her blok kendi kat malikleriyle y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir. Temsilcilerin kendi aralar\u0131ndaki \u00e7o\u011funluk yeterli de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. HD., E. 2015\/13485 K. 2015\/14650 T. 19.10.2015<\/p>\n
S\u00f6z konusu site birden fazla parsel \u00fczerinde kurulu olmakla birlikte, hen\u00fcz Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu\u2019nun toplu yap\u0131lara ili\u015fkin \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re toplu y\u00f6netim sistemine ge\u00e7ilmemi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle, her blok kendi y\u00f6netim plan\u0131na g\u00f6re hareket etmelidir. Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin ge\u00e7erli olabilmesi i\u00e7in t\u00fcm kat maliklerinin be\u015fte d\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcn onay\u0131 gerekir. Oysa yaln\u0131zca blok y\u00f6neticilerinin kendi aralar\u0131nda sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funlukla yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklik ge\u00e7erli say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, mahkemece bu yanl\u0131\u015f de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Tek parselde kurulu sitelerde, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi i\u00e7in t\u00fcm maliklerin 4\/5 \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu gerekir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. HD., E. 2010\/8986 K. 2010\/15084 T. 11.11.2010<\/p>\n
Toplu yap\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmleri yaln\u0131zca birden fazla parsel \u00fczerinde kurulu, ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 yap\u0131lar i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir. Oysa bu davada konu olan site, tek parsel \u00fczerinde kurulmu\u015f ve toplu yap\u0131ya ge\u00e7i\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mamaktad\u0131r. Bu durumda, 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda olu\u015fturulan mevcut y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilmesi, Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu\u2019nun 28. maddesine g\u00f6re kat maliklerinin be\u015fte d\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcn onay\u0131 ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ancak bu \u00e7o\u011funluk sa\u011flanmadan al\u0131nan kararlar ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
DAVA S\u00dcREC\u0130NE \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130N B\u0130LG\u0130LER<\/p>\n
Kat malikleri, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 veya Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu\u2019na ayk\u0131r\u0131 i\u015flemler nedeniyle 634 say\u0131l\u0131 Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu\u2019nun 33. Maddesi uyar\u0131nca sulh hukuk mahkemesine dava a\u00e7abilirler. Kat malikleri kurulunca verilen kararlar aleyhine, kurul toplant\u0131s\u0131na kat\u0131lan ancak 32 nci madde h\u00fckm\u00fc gere\u011fince ayk\u0131r\u0131 oy kullanan her kat maliki karar tarihinden ba\u015flayarak bir ay i\u00e7inde, toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131lmayan her kat maliki karar\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmesinden ba\u015flayarak bir ay i\u00e7inde ve her halde karar tarihinden ba\u015flayarak alt\u0131 ay i\u00e7inde ana gayrimenkul\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu yerdeki sulh mahkemesine iptal davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilir; kat malikleri kurulu kararlar\u0131n\u0131n yok veya mutlak butlanla h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda s\u00fcre ko\u015fulu aranmaz. Bu maddeye g\u00f6re, kat malikleri, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131ndan veya ortak ya\u015fam kurallar\u0131ndan do\u011fan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klarda mahkemeye ba\u015fvurma hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Mahkeme, dava konusu hususlar\u0131, kanun ve y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmleri do\u011frultusunda inceleyip karar verir.<\/p>\n
Zorunlu Dava Arkada\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 – Taraf Te\u015fkili<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. HD., E. 2015\/18717 K. 2016\/3825 T. 7.3.2016\u2028Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n kanunun emredici h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmas\u0131 halinde, kat malikleri bu maddelerin iptali i\u00e7in her zaman mahkemeye ba\u015fvurabilir. Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 maddelerinin iptali, kat maliklerinin haklar\u0131n\u0131 yak\u0131ndan ilgilendirir. Bu nedenle, t\u00fcm kat maliklerinin davaya mutlaka dahil edilmesi gerekir. \u00d6ncelikle t\u00fcm kat maliklerinin davaya taraf olarak kat\u0131lmas\u0131, taraf te\u015fkilinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gereklidir. Aksi halde, esas hakk\u0131nda karar verilmesi hukuka uygun olmaz.<\/p>\n
Mahkeme Taleple Ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r \u2013 Eski Hale \u0130ade Talebinin Net Olmamas\u0131<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. HD., E. 2013\/19914 K. 2014\/301 T. 14.1.2014<\/p>\n
Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu\u2019nun 28. maddesine g\u00f6re, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 y\u00f6netim tarz\u0131n\u0131, kullan\u0131m amac\u0131n\u0131 ve y\u00f6netici ile denet\u00e7ilerin \u00fccretlerini d\u00fczenleyen, t\u00fcm kat maliklerini ba\u011flayan bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir. Dava konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n 12. maddesinde, kat malikleri kurulunun oybirli\u011fi olmadan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin tapuda kay\u0131tl\u0131 nitelikleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Tapuda b\u00fcro olarak kay\u0131tl\u0131 olan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn, bu maddeye g\u00f6re b\u00fcro d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ama\u00e7larla kullan\u0131m\u0131 yasakt\u0131r. Davac\u0131 ise bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn i\u015fyeri olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesini talep etmemi\u015f, sadece mimari projeye ayk\u0131r\u0131 tadilatlar\u0131n eski hale getirilmesini istemi\u015ftir. Mahkemenin, davac\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k talebi olmadan ofis olarak eski hale getirilmesine karar vermesi do\u011fru de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle verilen h\u00fck\u00fcm usul ve esas y\u00f6n\u00fcnden isabetsiz bulunmu\u015f ve HUMK\u2019nun 428. maddesi gere\u011fince bozma karar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Tapu M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne Kar\u015f\u0131 \u0130dari Dava<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 3. HD., E. 2011\/9592 K. 2011\/20952 T. 19.12.2011 (Y\u00f6netim Plan\u0131n\u0131n Tapu K\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u0130\u015flenmemesi Nedeniyle \u0130dari Dava)\u2028Dava konusu, tadil edilen site y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n tapu k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn beyanlar hanesine i\u015flenmesi talebinin, ilgili Tapu M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan reddedilmesi \u00fczerine a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi i\u015flemlerinin yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 iddias\u0131 \u00fczerine, bu i\u015flem idari bir tasarruf olarak de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Kamu kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klarda ve bu t\u00fcr g\u00f6revlerin yerine getirilip getirilmedi\u011finin tespitinde, 2577 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130dari Yarg\u0131lama Usul\u00fc Kanunu\u2019nun 2. maddesi uyar\u0131nca idari yarg\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revli oldu\u011fu kabul edilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece, Tapu M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc aleyhine a\u00e7\u0131lan dava idari dava kapsam\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u200bGiri\u015f<\/p>\n
Apartman ve site ya\u015fam\u0131, farkl\u0131 insanlar\u0131n bir arada ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren \u00f6zel bir d\u00fczendir. Bu d\u00fczenin sorunsuz i\u015flemesi i\u00e7in herkesin uymas\u0131 gereken baz\u0131 kurallara ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu kurallar\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu belgeye y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 denir.<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131, apartman\u0131n nas\u0131l y\u00f6netilece\u011fini, ortak alanlar\u0131n nas\u0131l kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, y\u00f6neticinin g\u00f6revlerini ve hatta aidatlar\u0131n nas\u0131l belirlenece\u011fini d\u00fczenler. Sadece bir belge de\u011fil, kat maliklerini ba\u011flayan bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme niteli\u011findedir.<\/p>\n
Ancak uygulamada y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu zaman dikkatle okunmadan imzalan\u0131r, y\u0131llarca rafta bekler, anla\u015fmazl\u0131k ya\u015fan\u0131nca hat\u0131rlan\u0131r. Oysa bu belge, hem bireysel haklar\u0131n hem de ortak ya\u015fam\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n
Bu yaz\u0131da, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 hukuki anlam, hangi konular\u0131 kapsayabilece\u011fi, nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015ftirilece\u011fi ve hangi durumlarda ge\u00e7ersiz say\u0131labilece\u011fi Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131 e\u015fli\u011finde incelenecektir.<\/p>\n
634 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanununun \u201cY\u00f6netim pl\u00e2n\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 28. maddesine g\u00f6re Y\u00d6NET\u0130M PL\u00c2NININ N\u0130TEL\u0130KLER\u0130:<\/p>\n
1. S\u00f6zle\u015fme Niteli\u011fi Ta\u015f\u0131r:\u2028Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131, t\u00fcm kat maliklerini ba\u011flayan bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir. Yani, herkes i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli ve zorunlu bir metindir.<\/p>\n
2. Y\u00f6netim Tarz\u0131n\u0131 D\u00fczenler:\u2028Anagayrimenkul\u00fcn nas\u0131l y\u00f6netilece\u011fini, hangi esaslara g\u00f6re y\u00f6netim yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler.<\/p>\n
3. Kullanma Maksat ve \u015eeklini Belirler:\u2028Ortak alanlar\u0131n ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin ne ama\u00e7la ve nas\u0131l kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenler.<\/p>\n
4. Y\u00f6netici ve Denet\u00e7i \u00dccretlerini Belirler:\u2028Y\u00f6netici ve denet\u00e7ilerin alacaklar\u0131 \u00fccret ve hak edi\u015fler a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bu planda yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n
5. Y\u00f6netime Ait Di\u011fer Hususlar\u0131 D\u00fczenler:\u2028Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131, y\u00f6netime ili\u015fkin sair t\u00fcm hususlar\u0131 i\u00e7erebilir (\u00f6rne\u011fin; toplant\u0131 zaman\u0131, aidat belirleme usulleri, oy kullanma usulleri vs.).<\/p>\n
6. Kanun ve Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmlere T\u00e2bidir:\u2028Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmayan hallerde, y\u00f6netimle ilgili ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu ve genel h\u00fck\u00fcmler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
7. De\u011fi\u015fiklik \u0130\u00e7in Nitelikli \u00c7o\u011funluk Gerekir:\u2028Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi, b\u00fct\u00fcn kat maliklerinin be\u015fte d\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcn oyuna ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
8. Mahkemeye Ba\u015fvuru Hakk\u0131 Sakl\u0131d\u0131r:\u2028Kat maliklerinin, 33. madde kapsam\u0131nda mahkemeye ba\u015fvurma hakk\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r (\u00f6rne\u011fin y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n iptali veya d\u00fczeltilmesi i\u00e7in).<\/p>\n
9. Ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Geni\u015ftir:\u2028Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 ve sonradan yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, sadece kat maliklerini de\u011fil, onlar\u0131n k\u00fclli ve c\u00fczi haleflerini, ayr\u0131ca y\u00f6netici ve denet\u00e7ileri de ba\u011flar.<\/p>\n
10. Tescil ve Saklama Zorunlulu\u011fu Vard\u0131r:\u2028Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 ve de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinin tarihi, kat m\u00fclkiyeti k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn beyanlar hanesinde g\u00f6sterilir ve kurulu\u015f belgeleri aras\u0131nda saklan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu madde 18 y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir<\/p>\n
Kat malikleri; ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini, eklentilerini ve ortak alanlar\u0131 kullan\u0131rken do\u011fruluk kurallar\u0131na uymak, birbirlerini rahats\u0131z etmemek, haklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7i\u011fnememek ve y\u00f6netim plan\u0131na uymakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131, kat maliklerini ba\u011flayan bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca, kat maliklerinin bor\u00e7lar\u0131; kirac\u0131lar, oturma hakk\u0131 sahipleri ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcmden devaml\u0131 olarak faydalanan ki\u015filere de uygulan\u0131r. Bu ki\u015filer bor\u00e7lardan kat malikleriyle birlikte m\u00fcteselsilen sorumludur.<\/p>\n
Y\u00d6NET\u0130M PLANI \u0130LE D\u00dcZENLEBEN\u0130LECEK DURUMLARA \u00d6RNEKLER<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim Kurulu Taraf\u0131ndan Para Cezas\u0131 Uygulanabilmesi \u0130\u00e7in Y\u00f6netim Plan\u0131nda A\u00e7\u0131k H\u00fck\u00fcm Bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. Hukuk Dairesi, E: 2010\/7759, K: 2010\/12174<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6neticiye veya y\u00f6netim kuruluna para cezas\u0131 kesme yetkisi istisnai bir yetkidir ve ancak y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yer almas\u0131 h\u00e2linde hukuki ge\u00e7erlilik kazan\u0131r. Ceza uygulanacak fiillerin ve bunlara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen miktarlar\u0131n y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 zorunludur. Aksi durumda, y\u00f6neticinin ya da kurulun ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararlar, apartman panolar\u0131nda ilan edilse veya Whatsapp gruplar\u0131nda duyurulsa bile, hukuki sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmaz. Yarg\u0131tay, bu karar\u0131nda y\u00f6netim plan\u0131na uygun \u015fekilde verilmi\u015f para cezas\u0131 uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 onaylam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim Plan\u0131nda Yer Alan \u201cBek\u00e2ra Kiraya Verilemez\u201d H\u00fckm\u00fc, \u0130ptal Edilmedik\u00e7e Ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. Hukuk Dairesi, E: 2008\/388, K: 2008\/3679, T: 27.03.2018<\/p>\n
Bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn bekar bir ki\u015fiye kiraya verilmesini yasaklayan y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fc, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 ve temel haklara m\u00fcdahale niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131sa da, yarg\u0131 karar\u0131yla iptal edilmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini korur. Yarg\u0131tay, bu karar\u0131nda s\u00f6z konusu d\u00fczenlemenin hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerle \u00e7eli\u015fse bile mevcut haliyle kat maliklerini ba\u011flamaya devam edece\u011fini ifade etmi\u015ftir. Bu i\u00e7tihat, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerle m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 aras\u0131nda nas\u0131l bir denge kurulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dair dikkat \u00e7ekici bir \u00f6rnek te\u015fkil etmektedir.<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim Plan\u0131nda Mesken Kullan\u0131m\u0131na Getirilen S\u0131n\u0131rlama, Ticari Faaliyeti Engeller\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu, E: 2011\/176, K: 2011\/318, T: 18.05.2011<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u201cba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin sadece mesken olarak kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131\u201d d\u00fczenlenmi\u015fse, bu s\u0131n\u0131rlama hem bizzat oturma hem de konut amac\u0131yla kiraya verme s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ge\u00e7erlidir. T\u00fcm maliklerin yaz\u0131l\u0131 izni olmad\u0131k\u00e7a dairelerin ticari faaliyette, \u00f6rne\u011fin doktor muayenehanesi olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Yarg\u0131tay, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n hem eski hem de de\u011fi\u015fiklikten sonraki halini de\u011ferlendirerek, konut d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131 yasaklayan bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 teyit etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Konut Olarak Kay\u0131tl\u0131 Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz, Kat Maliklerinin 4\/5 Onay\u0131 Olmadan Ticari Ama\u00e7la Kullan\u0131lamaz\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 5. Hukuk Dairesi, E: 2024\/12509, K: 2025\/4640, T: 08.04.2025<\/p>\n
Tapuda mesken olarak kay\u0131tl\u0131 bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcm, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda aksi belirtilmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece ve kat maliklerinin be\u015fte d\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcn yaz\u0131l\u0131 izni al\u0131nmaks\u0131z\u0131n ticari ama\u00e7la kullan\u0131lamaz. Bu kararda, konut niteli\u011findeki ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n dans kursu olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netim plan\u0131na ve Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu\u2019na ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim Plan\u0131nda \u00dccret Yoksa, Sonradan Kurul Karar\u0131yla \u00dccret Belirlenemez\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 5. Hukuk Dairesi, E: 1984\/6650, K: 1984\/6726, T: 17.09.1984<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda y\u00f6neticilere \u00fccret \u00f6denmeyece\u011fi yaz\u0131yorsa, kat malikleri kurulu bu karar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiremez; ancak be\u015fte d\u00f6rt \u00e7o\u011funlukla y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirildi\u011fi takdirde \u00f6deme yap\u0131labilir. Yarg\u0131tay, bu karar\u0131yla y\u00f6netim plan\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u015fekilde al\u0131nan kurul karar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7erli olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kat Malikleri Kurulunun G\u00f6rev ve Yetkileri Y\u00f6netim Plan\u0131yla Belirlenebilir<\/p>\n
Kat malikleri kurulunun hangi konularda karar alabilece\u011fi ve nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 ile ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenebilir. Kanun, bu konuda s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 bir engel koymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, kurulun g\u00f6rev ve yetki s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, planla geni\u015fletilebilir ya da daralt\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Yasaklay\u0131c\u0131 Bir H\u00fck\u00fcm Yoksa, D\u0131\u015f Cepheye Tabela As\u0131lmas\u0131 M\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 20. Hukuk Dairesi, E: 2017\/2801, K: 2018\/3966, T: 28.05.2018 \u2013 E: 2017\/3331, K: 2018\/7306, T: 13.11.2018<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015fyerinin bulundu\u011fu ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f cephesine tabela ya da reklam panosu as\u0131lmas\u0131, binan\u0131n mimarisini bozmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve cephe s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece serbesttir. Ancak bu serbesti, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda ya da kat malikleri kurulunun kararlar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k bir yasaklama bulunmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n
Projeye ve Y\u00f6netim Plan\u0131na Ayk\u0131r\u0131 Klima Ortak Alanda B\u0131rak\u0131lamaz\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. Hukuk Dairesi, E: 2010\/3535, K: 2010\/9289, T: 21.06.2010<\/p>\n
Ortak alanlara yerle\u015ftirilen klima gibi cihazlar, projeye ve y\u00f6netim plan\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131ysa orada kalamaz. Yarg\u0131tay, bu karar\u0131nda ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n tespiti h\u00e2linde mahkemenin cihaz\u0131n s\u00f6k\u00fclmesine karar vermesi gerekti\u011fini vurgulam\u0131\u015f, kald\u0131rma talebinin reddini hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur<\/p>\n
Ortak Giderler, Y\u00f6netim Plan\u0131nda Belirtildi\u011fi Gibi Arsa Pay\u0131na G\u00f6re Payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. Hukuk Dairesi, E: 2013\/1384, K: 2013\/3070, T: 05.03.2013<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda ortak giderlerin arsa pay\u0131na g\u00f6re payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015fse, kat malikleri kurulu farkl\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntem belirleyemez. Bu kararda Yarg\u0131tay, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak m\u00b2 esas\u0131na g\u00f6re gider payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik kurul karar\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7ersiz saym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ortak giderlerin payla\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemi, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirilmeden kurul karar\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015ftirilemez; bunun i\u00e7in t\u00fcm kat maliklerinin be\u015fte d\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcn onay\u0131 gereklidir.<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim Plan\u0131nda Belirtilen \u00d6deme Tarihi, \u0130htar Olmaks\u0131z\u0131n Temerr\u00fct Nedeni Say\u0131l\u0131r\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu, E: 2002\/474, K: 2002\/514, T: 12.06.2002<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda aidat veya avans \u00f6demesi i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k bir vade belirlenmi\u015fse, kat maliklerinin ayr\u0131ca yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak uyar\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek yoktur. Her kat maliki, borcunu y\u00f6netim plan\u0131na g\u00f6re belirlenen tarihte kendili\u011finden \u00f6\u011frenip \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu tarihin gelmesiyle birlikte bor\u00e7 muaccel h\u00e2le gelir ve temerr\u00fct ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. Yarg\u0131tay, bu karar\u0131yla y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fme niteli\u011fini ve do\u011frudan temerr\u00fct do\u011furucu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc teyit etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim Plan\u0131nda \u0130zin Varsa, Klima ve Reklam Tabelas\u0131 Ortak Alana Konabilir\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. Hukuk Dairesi, E: 2010\/8614, K: 2010\/13764, T: 25.10.2010<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a izin verilmi\u015fse, klima \u00fcnitesi \u00e7at\u0131ya veya terasa konabilir; reklam tabelas\u0131 bina cephesine ya da yan cephelere yerle\u015ftirilebilir. Bu kullan\u0131m, ortak alan\u0131n m\u00fclkiyetini de\u011fi\u015ftirmez. Yarg\u0131tay, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda belirtilen bu t\u00fcr d\u00fczenlemelerin ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011funu ve di\u011fer maliklerin r\u0131zas\u0131na gerek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim Plan\u0131, Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn Kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 Oybirli\u011fi \u015eart\u0131na Ba\u011flayabilir\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu, E: 2005\/695, K: 2005\/759, T: 21.12.2005<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda, bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn tapuda yaz\u0131l\u0131 niteli\u011fi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kullan\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in t\u00fcm kat maliklerinin oybirli\u011fiyle karar almas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmi\u015fse, bu h\u00fck\u00fcm ge\u00e7erlidir ve ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Yarg\u0131tay, \u201cm\u00fc\u015favirlik b\u00fcrosu\u201d gibi konut d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131mlar\u0131n da bu yasak kapsam\u0131nda oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015f, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncelikle dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131, Kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece h\u00e2kim i\u00e7in ilk ba\u015fvuru kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim Plan\u0131nda Yasak Varsa Evcil Hayvan Beslenemez\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu, E: 2017\/3018, K: 2022\/6, T: 18.01.2022<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda y\u00fcksek katl\u0131 binalarda evcil hayvan beslenemeyece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, bu kurala herkes uymak zorundad\u0131r. Yarg\u0131tay, k\u00f6pek beslenmesini yasaklayan bu h\u00fckme ra\u011fmen davan\u0131n reddedilmesini do\u011fru bulmam\u0131\u015f ve y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekerek karar\u0131 bozmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim Plan\u0131, Y\u00f6neticinin Nas\u0131l Se\u00e7ilece\u011fini Belirleyebilir\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. Hukuk Dairesi, E: 2013\/3037, K: 2013\/6047, T: 11.04.2013<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda, blok y\u00f6neticisi ve denet\u00e7isinin ancak ada\/parsel kat malikleri kurulunun onay\u0131yla se\u00e7ilebilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015fse, bu d\u00fczenleme ge\u00e7erlidir. Yarg\u0131tay, bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu\u2019na ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015f ve y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda se\u00e7im usul\u00fcne ili\u015fkin getirilen kurallar\u0131n uygulanabilece\u011fini kabul etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim Plan\u0131nda \u201cMesken\u201d Denmi\u015fse B\u00fcro Dahi A\u00e7\u0131lamaz\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu, E: 2010\/617, K: 2010\/637, T: 08.12.2010<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin sadece mesken olarak kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131yorsa, bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmler avukatl\u0131k b\u00fcrosu gibi ama\u00e7larla da kullan\u0131lamaz. Yarg\u0131tay, b\u00f6yle bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik i\u00e7in t\u00fcm kat maliklerinin oybirli\u011fi gerekti\u011fini belirterek, mesken d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131 hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim Plan\u0131yla Ortak Alan Tahsisi M\u00fcmk\u00fcn M\u00fcd\u00fcr?<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 ile ortak yerlerin baz\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcmler lehine kullan\u0131m\u0131na izin verilebilir. Ancak bu tahsis, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 vermez, yaln\u0131zca kullanma yetkisi tan\u0131r. Kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131 devredilemez, de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lamaz ve ortak yer niteli\u011fi ortadan kalkmaz. S\u0131\u011f\u0131nak, tesisat odas\u0131 gibi mutlak ortak yerler ise hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde \u00f6zel kullan\u0131ma b\u0131rak\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n
Karar \u00d6zetleri<\/p>\n
Kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131 verilebilir ama yap\u0131lamaz \u2013 Tahsis, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 do\u011furmaz\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. HD, E: 2013\/1897, K: 2013\/3127, T: 05.03.2013\u2028Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda ortak bir yerin belirli bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcm lehine kullan\u0131m\u0131na izin verildiyse, bu alan de\u011fi\u015ftirilemeden oldu\u011fu gibi kullan\u0131labilir. Ancak bu hak malikine o alanda in\u015faat yapma veya tasarrufta bulunma yetkisi vermez.<\/p>\n
Tahsis yap\u0131lsa da yerin ortak alan niteli\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fmez\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. HD, E: 2002\/6, K: 2004\/722, T: 10.02.2004\u2028Ortak bir yerin y\u00f6netim plan\u0131yla bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcme tahsis edilmesi, buras\u0131n\u0131n ortak yer olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez. M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 do\u011fmaz, yaln\u0131zca kullan\u0131m izni verilir.<\/p>\n
S\u0131\u011f\u0131nak gibi alanlar hi\u00e7bir suretle tahsis edilemez\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. HD, E: 2009\/12939, K: 2010\/5919, T: 13.04.2010\u2028Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131yla ortak alanlardan baz\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmler belirli ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcmler lehine tahsis edilebilir. Ancak s\u0131\u011f\u0131nak gibi mutlak ortak alanlar hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde \u00f6zel kullan\u0131ma konu edilemez. Bu y\u00f6ndeki h\u00fck\u00fcm yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r ve iptal edilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 20. HD, E: 2019\/1113, K: 2019\/2029, T: 21.03.2019\u2028S\u0131\u011f\u0131nak, tesisat odas\u0131 gibi \u00f6zel amaca tahsisli yerler hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere, kalan ortak alanlar\u0131n bir veya birka\u00e7 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcme kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ancak y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k \u015fekilde belirtilmi\u015f olmal\u0131 ve \u00f6zel alanlar d\u0131\u015far\u0131da tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bah\u00e7enin sadece bir malik lehine tahsisi e\u015fitlik ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fildir\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 5. HD, E: 1982\/5476, K: 1982\/5580, T: 31.05.1982\u2028Bah\u00e7enin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcme tahsis edilmi\u015fse ve bu durum y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda yer al\u0131yorsa, bu d\u00fczenleme e\u015fitlik ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 kabul edilmemi\u015ftir. Dava reddedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Daha \u00f6nce muvafakat verilen tahsis i\u00e7in sonradan dava a\u00e7\u0131lamaz\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay HGK, E: 2010\/269, K: 2010\/268, T: 12.05.2010\u2028Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131yla bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131 bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcme verildiyse ve di\u011fer kat malikleri buna \u00f6nceden muvafakat ettiyse, daha sonra bu kullan\u0131ma itiraz etmek d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Y\u00d6NET\u0130M PLANI DE\u011e\u0130\u015e\u0130KL\u0130\u011e\u0130<\/p>\n
De\u011fi\u015fiklik i\u00e7in be\u015fte d\u00f6rt \u00e7o\u011funluk gerekir\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. HD, E: 2012\/29, K: 2012\/2554, T: 12.03.2012\u2028Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu\u2019nun 28. maddesi uyar\u0131nca, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilmesi i\u00e7in t\u00fcm kat maliklerinin be\u015fte d\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcn yaz\u0131l\u0131 onay\u0131 gerekir. Toplant\u0131ya 387 ki\u015filik siteden yaln\u0131zca 203 ki\u015fi kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve yeterli \u00e7o\u011funluk sa\u011flanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle al\u0131nan de\u011fi\u015fiklik kararlar\u0131n\u0131n iptali gerekirken davan\u0131n reddi hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi genel kurulda al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r; mahkeme de\u011fi\u015ftiremez\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. HD, E: 2008\/9229, K: 2008\/12777, T: 01.12.2008\u2028Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yaln\u0131zca kat malikleri kurulu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131labilir. Bu de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin tapuya tescili de maliklerin sorumlulu\u011fundad\u0131r. Mahkemenin, maliklerin yerine ge\u00e7erek y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapmas\u0131 ve tapuya tesciline karar vermesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Y\u00d6NET\u0130M PLANI H\u00dcK\u00dcMLER\u0130N\u0130N \u0130PTAL\u0130 VE GE\u00c7ERS\u0130ZL\u0130\u011e\u0130<\/p>\n
Kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler yeni maliklere uygulanamaz\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. HD, E: 1997\/3003, K: 1997\/4118, T: 01.05.1997\u2028Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda, yasada yer almayan ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcmle ilgili olmayan d\u00fczenlemeler varsa, bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler sonradan gelen maliklere uygulanamaz. Mahkeme bu gibi maddelerin kanuna uygunlu\u011funu ara\u015ft\u0131rmadan karar veremez.<\/p>\n
Mimari projeye ayk\u0131r\u0131 ya da di\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131 ilgilendiren maddeler ge\u00e7ersizdir\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. HD, E: 1996\/7360, K: 1996\/8323, T: 08.10.1996\u2028Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 sadece ana ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n i\u00e7 y\u00f6netimiyle ilgili konular\u0131 kapsayabilir. Kom\u015fu parsellerle birle\u015fik kullan\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan maddeler ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olamaz.<\/p>\n
Gelecekte imar de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi olursa kat maliklerinin \u00f6nceden muvafakat etti\u011fine dair h\u00fck\u00fcm ge\u00e7ersizdir\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. HD, E: 2004\/8944, K: 2005\/639, T: 10.02.2005\u2028\u0130mar yasas\u0131 de\u011fi\u015firse kat maliklerinin otomatik olarak izin verece\u011fine dair d\u00fczenleme, t\u00fcm maliklerin r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren konularda ge\u00e7erli say\u0131lmaz.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zel Kullan\u0131ml\u0131 Ortak alanlar bir ki\u015fiye s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z \u015fekilde tahsis edilemez\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. HD., E. 1999\/6211, K. 1999\/7670, T. 14.06.1999<\/p>\n
Bir apartman\u0131n bodrum kat\u0131ndaki kap\u0131c\u0131 dairesi, kalorifer dairesi ve s\u0131\u011f\u0131nak gibi alanlar\u0131n bir bankaya tamamen ve s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z \u015fekilde b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131, Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu\u2019na ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu alanlar yasa gere\u011fi \u201cortak yer\u201d olarak kabul edilir ve t\u00fcm kat maliklerinin ortak kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r. Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 ile dahi bu yerler bir ki\u015fiye devredilemez.<\/p>\n
Ortak alanda tesis ve de\u011fi\u015fiklik i\u00e7in be\u015fte d\u00f6rt \u00e7o\u011funluk gerekir\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. HD, E: 2010\/9333, K: 2010\/13806, T: 25.10.2010\u2028Kat maliklerinden biri ortak alanda tadilat yapmak istiyorsa, be\u015fte d\u00f6rt \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun yaz\u0131l\u0131 izni gerekir. Bu kural hem yasa hem y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 ile g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 iptal davas\u0131 t\u00fcm kat maliklerine y\u00f6neltilmelidir\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 5. HD., E. 2021\/9801, K. 2021\/13191, T. 15.11.2021<\/p>\n
Kat maliklerinden biri, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 maddelerinin yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrerek iptalini isteyebilir. Ancak bu dava, t\u00fcm kat maliklerini do\u011frudan ilgilendirdi\u011finden, davan\u0131n t\u00fcm maliklere y\u00f6neltilmesi zorunludur. T\u00fcm taraflar davaya d\u00e2hil edilmeden karar verilmesi do\u011fru de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Kat m\u00fclkiyetine ge\u00e7i\u015fte mahkeme y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131 kendili\u011finden tamamlayabilir\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. HD., E. 1993\/140, K. 1993\/2851, T. 05.03.1993<\/p>\n
Normalde y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 t\u00fcm kat maliklerinin imzas\u0131yla olu\u015fturulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak e\u011fer kat m\u00fclkiyetine ge\u00e7i\u015f i\u00e7in ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa ve taraflar gerekli belgeleri sunmazsa, mahkeme y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131 kendisi tamamlayabilir ve imzalamayan maliklerin yerine ge\u00e7erek bu belgeyi ge\u00e7erli sayabilir. Bu durum, sadece Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu\u2019nun 10. maddesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00f6zel davalarda m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Her durumda mahkeme y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131 iptal edemez\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. HD., E. 2014\/14018, K. 2014\/15014, T. 28.10.2014<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda ortak alan kullan\u0131mlar\u0131na dair d\u00fczenlemeler varsa ve bu d\u00fczenlemeler Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu\u2019na ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7ermiyorsa, bu t\u00fcr planlar\u0131n iptali mahkeme yoluyla istenemez. E\u011fer maliklerin plan\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi isteniyorsa, bu ancak be\u015fte d\u00f6rt \u00e7o\u011funlukla al\u0131nacak bir karar ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Mahkeme do\u011frudan maliklerin yerine ge\u00e7erek bu karar\u0131 veremez.<\/p>\n
TOPLU Y\u00d6NET\u0130MLERDE Y\u00d6NET\u0130M PLANI<\/p>\n
Yasa \u00f6ncesi toplu yap\u0131larda ilk y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi i\u00e7in salt \u00e7o\u011funluk yeterlidir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 20. HD., E. 2019\/6460 K. 2020\/373 T. 3.2.2020<\/p>\n
634 say\u0131l\u0131 Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu\u2019na 5912 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile eklenen Ge\u00e7ici 2. maddeye g\u00f6re, 14.11.2007 tarihinden \u00f6nce kurulmu\u015f toplu yap\u0131larda, ilk y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi salt \u00e7o\u011funlukla yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Bu kararda, F1 Bankal\u0131lar Sitesi\u2019nde 30 y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u00fcren ortak y\u00f6netim uygulamas\u0131 ve mevcut y\u00f6netim plan\u0131ndaki h\u00fck\u00fcmler dikkate al\u0131narak, sitenin toplu yap\u0131 say\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 20. HD., E. 2018\/109 K. 2018\/1200 T. 20.2.2018<\/p>\n
Davaya konu site, 30 y\u0131ld\u0131r devam eden fiili y\u00f6netim uygulamas\u0131, g\u00fcvenlik, bah\u00e7e d\u00fczeni ve site i\u00e7i ula\u015f\u0131m gibi fiziki ko\u015fullar\u0131yla toplu yap\u0131 olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
5912 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un Ge\u00e7ici 2. maddesi uyar\u0131nca, 14.11.2007 tarihinden \u00f6nce kurulan toplu yap\u0131larda, mevcut y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 ge\u00e7erli olup, yeni y\u00f6netim se\u00e7ilene kadar y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri salt \u00e7o\u011funlukla yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Toplu y\u00f6netime ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f olsa da her parselin ayr\u0131 y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 20. HD., E. 2017\/830 K. 2017\/4368 T. 15.5.2017<\/p>\n
Toplu y\u00f6netime ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f olmas\u0131, her parselin kendine ait y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 olmas\u0131na engel de\u011fildir. Bu durumda, birden fazla y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, ortak kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131na dair k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 veya engelleyici h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin neler oldu\u011fu tespit edilmelidir. Ayr\u0131ca, tescilli y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmamas\u0131na veya ayr\u0131lmaya ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemeler ile iptali istenen plan\u0131n \u00e7eli\u015fen h\u00fck\u00fcmleri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 ve bu kapsamda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 inceleme yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Toplu y\u00f6netime ge\u00e7ilmemi\u015fse, her parselin kendi y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 esas al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay HGK., E. 2023\/572 K. 2024\/351 T. 3.7.2024<\/p>\n
D\u00f6rt ayr\u0131 parselde ortak bir y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 yoksa, sadece ortak alanlarla ilgili kararlar al\u0131nabilir. Her parsel kendi y\u00f6netim plan\u0131na g\u00f6re hareket eder. Bu durumda, parseller aras\u0131 ortak y\u00f6netim kurulmadan yap\u0131lan toplant\u0131lar ve al\u0131nan kararlar ge\u00e7ersiz say\u0131l\u0131r. Mahkeme bu durumu g\u00f6zetmeden davalar\u0131 reddetmi\u015f, karar bu nedenle bozulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Toplu yap\u0131 kurulmam\u0131\u015fsa, her blok kendi kat malikleriyle y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir. Temsilcilerin kendi aralar\u0131ndaki \u00e7o\u011funluk yeterli de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. HD., E. 2015\/13485 K. 2015\/14650 T. 19.10.2015<\/p>\n
S\u00f6z konusu site birden fazla parsel \u00fczerinde kurulu olmakla birlikte, hen\u00fcz Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu\u2019nun toplu yap\u0131lara ili\u015fkin \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re toplu y\u00f6netim sistemine ge\u00e7ilmemi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle, her blok kendi y\u00f6netim plan\u0131na g\u00f6re hareket etmelidir. Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131nda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin ge\u00e7erli olabilmesi i\u00e7in t\u00fcm kat maliklerinin be\u015fte d\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcn onay\u0131 gerekir. Oysa yaln\u0131zca blok y\u00f6neticilerinin kendi aralar\u0131nda sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funlukla yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklik ge\u00e7erli say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, mahkemece bu yanl\u0131\u015f de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Tek parselde kurulu sitelerde, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi i\u00e7in t\u00fcm maliklerin 4\/5 \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu gerekir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. HD., E. 2010\/8986 K. 2010\/15084 T. 11.11.2010<\/p>\n
Toplu yap\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmleri yaln\u0131zca birden fazla parsel \u00fczerinde kurulu, ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 yap\u0131lar i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir. Oysa bu davada konu olan site, tek parsel \u00fczerinde kurulmu\u015f ve toplu yap\u0131ya ge\u00e7i\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mamaktad\u0131r. Bu durumda, 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda olu\u015fturulan mevcut y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilmesi, Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu\u2019nun 28. maddesine g\u00f6re kat maliklerinin be\u015fte d\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcn onay\u0131 ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ancak bu \u00e7o\u011funluk sa\u011flanmadan al\u0131nan kararlar ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
DAVA S\u00dcREC\u0130NE \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130N B\u0130LG\u0130LER<\/p>\n
Kat malikleri, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 veya Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu\u2019na ayk\u0131r\u0131 i\u015flemler nedeniyle 634 say\u0131l\u0131 Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu\u2019nun 33. Maddesi uyar\u0131nca sulh hukuk mahkemesine dava a\u00e7abilirler. Kat malikleri kurulunca verilen kararlar aleyhine, kurul toplant\u0131s\u0131na kat\u0131lan ancak 32 nci madde h\u00fckm\u00fc gere\u011fince ayk\u0131r\u0131 oy kullanan her kat maliki karar tarihinden ba\u015flayarak bir ay i\u00e7inde, toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131lmayan her kat maliki karar\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmesinden ba\u015flayarak bir ay i\u00e7inde ve her halde karar tarihinden ba\u015flayarak alt\u0131 ay i\u00e7inde ana gayrimenkul\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu yerdeki sulh mahkemesine iptal davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilir; kat malikleri kurulu kararlar\u0131n\u0131n yok veya mutlak butlanla h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda s\u00fcre ko\u015fulu aranmaz. Bu maddeye g\u00f6re, kat malikleri, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131ndan veya ortak ya\u015fam kurallar\u0131ndan do\u011fan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klarda mahkemeye ba\u015fvurma hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Mahkeme, dava konusu hususlar\u0131, kanun ve y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmleri do\u011frultusunda inceleyip karar verir.<\/p>\n
Zorunlu Dava Arkada\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 – Taraf Te\u015fkili<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. HD., E. 2015\/18717 K. 2016\/3825 T. 7.3.2016\u2028Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n kanunun emredici h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmas\u0131 halinde, kat malikleri bu maddelerin iptali i\u00e7in her zaman mahkemeye ba\u015fvurabilir. Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 maddelerinin iptali, kat maliklerinin haklar\u0131n\u0131 yak\u0131ndan ilgilendirir. Bu nedenle, t\u00fcm kat maliklerinin davaya mutlaka dahil edilmesi gerekir. \u00d6ncelikle t\u00fcm kat maliklerinin davaya taraf olarak kat\u0131lmas\u0131, taraf te\u015fkilinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gereklidir. Aksi halde, esas hakk\u0131nda karar verilmesi hukuka uygun olmaz.<\/p>\n
Mahkeme Taleple Ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r \u2013 Eski Hale \u0130ade Talebinin Net Olmamas\u0131<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 18. HD., E. 2013\/19914 K. 2014\/301 T. 14.1.2014<\/p>\n
Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu\u2019nun 28. maddesine g\u00f6re, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 y\u00f6netim tarz\u0131n\u0131, kullan\u0131m amac\u0131n\u0131 ve y\u00f6netici ile denet\u00e7ilerin \u00fccretlerini d\u00fczenleyen, t\u00fcm kat maliklerini ba\u011flayan bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir. Dava konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n 12. maddesinde, kat malikleri kurulunun oybirli\u011fi olmadan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin tapuda kay\u0131tl\u0131 nitelikleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Tapuda b\u00fcro olarak kay\u0131tl\u0131 olan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn, bu maddeye g\u00f6re b\u00fcro d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ama\u00e7larla kullan\u0131m\u0131 yasakt\u0131r. Davac\u0131 ise bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn i\u015fyeri olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesini talep etmemi\u015f, sadece mimari projeye ayk\u0131r\u0131 tadilatlar\u0131n eski hale getirilmesini istemi\u015ftir. Mahkemenin, davac\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k talebi olmadan ofis olarak eski hale getirilmesine karar vermesi do\u011fru de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle verilen h\u00fck\u00fcm usul ve esas y\u00f6n\u00fcnden isabetsiz bulunmu\u015f ve HUMK\u2019nun 428. maddesi gere\u011fince bozma karar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Tapu M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne Kar\u015f\u0131 \u0130dari Dava<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 3. HD., E. 2011\/9592 K. 2011\/20952 T. 19.12.2011 (Y\u00f6netim Plan\u0131n\u0131n Tapu K\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u0130\u015flenmemesi Nedeniyle \u0130dari Dava)\u2028Dava konusu, tadil edilen site y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n tapu k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn beyanlar hanesine i\u015flenmesi talebinin, ilgili Tapu M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan reddedilmesi \u00fczerine a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi i\u015flemlerinin yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 iddias\u0131 \u00fczerine, bu i\u015flem idari bir tasarruf olarak de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Kamu kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klarda ve bu t\u00fcr g\u00f6revlerin yerine getirilip getirilmedi\u011finin tespitinde, 2577 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130dari Yarg\u0131lama Usul\u00fc Kanunu\u2019nun 2. maddesi uyar\u0131nca idari yarg\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revli oldu\u011fu kabul edilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece, Tapu M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc aleyhine a\u00e7\u0131lan dava idari dava kapsam\u0131ndad\u0131r.\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Giri\u015f Apartman ve site ya\u015fam\u0131, farkl\u0131 insanlar\u0131n bir arada ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren \u00f6zel bir d\u00fczendir. Bu d\u00fczenin sorunsuz i\u015flemesi i\u00e7in herkesin uymas\u0131 gereken baz\u0131 kurallara ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu kurallar\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu belgeye y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 denir. Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131, apartman\u0131n nas\u0131l y\u00f6netilece\u011fini, ortak alanlar\u0131n nas\u0131l kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, y\u00f6neticinin g\u00f6revlerini ve hatta aidatlar\u0131n nas\u0131l belirlenece\u011fini d\u00fczenler. Sadece bir belge de\u011fil, kat maliklerini ba\u011flayan bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme niteli\u011findedir. Ancak uygulamada y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu zaman dikkatle okunmadan imzalan\u0131r, y\u0131llarca rafta bekler, anla\u015fmazl\u0131k ya\u015fan\u0131nca hat\u0131rlan\u0131r. Oysa bu belge, hem bireysel haklar\u0131n hem de ortak ya\u015fam\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturur. Bu yaz\u0131da, y\u00f6netim plan\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 hukuki anlam, hangi konular\u0131 kapsayabilece\u011fi, nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015ftirilece\u011fi ve hangi durumlarda ge\u00e7ersiz say\u0131labilece\u011fi Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131 e\u015fli\u011finde incelenecektir. 634 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanununun \u201cY\u00f6netim pl\u00e2n\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 28. maddesine g\u00f6re Y\u00d6NET\u0130M PL\u00c2NININ N\u0130TEL\u0130KLER\u0130: 1. S\u00f6zle\u015fme Niteli\u011fi Ta\u015f\u0131r:\u2028Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131, t\u00fcm kat maliklerini ba\u011flayan bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir. Yani, herkes i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli ve zorunlu bir metindir. 2. Y\u00f6netim Tarz\u0131n\u0131 D\u00fczenler:\u2028Anagayrimenkul\u00fcn nas\u0131l y\u00f6netilece\u011fini, hangi esaslara g\u00f6re y\u00f6netim yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler. 3. Kullanma Maksat ve \u015eeklini Belirler:\u2028Ortak alanlar\u0131n ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin ne ama\u00e7la ve nas\u0131l kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenler. 4. Y\u00f6netici ve Denet\u00e7i \u00dccretlerini Belirler:\u2028Y\u00f6netici ve denet\u00e7ilerin alacaklar\u0131 \u00fccret ve hak edi\u015fler a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bu planda yer al\u0131r. 5. Y\u00f6netime Ait Di\u011fer Hususlar\u0131 D\u00fczenler:\u2028Y\u00f6netim plan\u0131, y\u00f6netime ili\u015fkin sair …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-126365","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n