G\u0130R\u0130\u015e\u2028<\/p>\n
El atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ve ecrimisil davalar\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz m\u00fclkiyetine y\u00f6nelen haks\u0131z m\u00fcdahalelere kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan en temel hukuk\u00ee ba\u015fvuru yollar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Bu davalarda, yaln\u0131zca fiili kullan\u0131ma de\u011fil, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na, payda\u015fl\u0131k ili\u015fkilerine, aile hukukuna, kamu m\u00fcdahalesine ve hatta ki\u015fisel haklara kadar uzanan geni\u015f bir yelpazede de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131, bu alandaki yerle\u015fik ilkeleri belirlemekle kalmaz; ayn\u0131 zamanda hangi davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n hukuka uygun say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hangi durumlar\u0131n haks\u0131z m\u00fcdahale te\u015fkil edece\u011fini somut \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerle ortaya koyar. \u00d6zellikle fiili taksim, payda\u015flar aras\u0131 r\u0131za, ifraz sonras\u0131 hak sahipli\u011fi, kirac\u0131l\u0131k savunular\u0131 ve kamu kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n plan d\u0131\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcdahaleleri gibi ihtilafl\u0131 alanlarda verilen kararlar, uygulay\u0131c\u0131lara yol g\u00f6sterici niteliktedir.<\/p>\n
Bu derlemede, el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ve ecrimisil taleplerine konu olan farkl\u0131 ihtilaf t\u00fcrleri sistematik bir \u015fekilde grupland\u0131r\u0131larak sunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
DAVA A\u00c7MA S\u00dcREC\u0130NE \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130N USUL\u00ce B\u0130LG\u0130LER<\/p>\n
– El atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davas\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131na izinsiz \u015fekilde m\u00fcdahale edilen malik veya zilyet taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
– Tapulu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda yaln\u0131zca malik ya da onun yasal temsilcisi, tapusuz ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda ise \u00fcst\u00fcn zilyet konumunda olan ki\u015fi dava a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>\n
– Dava, m\u00fcdahalede bulunan ger\u00e7ek veya t\u00fczel ki\u015filere y\u00f6neltilmelidir ve yetkili mahkeme ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yer mahkemesidir.<\/p>\n
– El atman\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispat y\u00fck\u00fc davac\u0131ya aittir. Mahkeme genellikle ke\u015fif ve bilirki\u015fi incelemesi yaparak ta\u015f\u0131nmazdaki fiili durumu de\u011ferlendirir.<\/p>\n
– E\u011fer m\u00fcdahale yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda sona ermi\u015fse, dava reddedilmez; “karar verilmesine yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na” h\u00fckmedilir.<\/p>\n
– Ayr\u0131ca ecrimisil talebi varsa, bu talep be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na tabidir ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fe d\u00f6n\u00fck olarak dava tarihinden geriye do\u011fru hesaplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
El atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ve ecrimisil davalar\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131 \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in baz\u0131 temel hususlara dikkat edilmelidir:<\/p>\n
– Daval\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaza fiilen m\u00fcdahale etti\u011finin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ispatlanmas\u0131 gerekir; yaln\u0131zca ge\u00e7mi\u015fte kalan ya da soyut iddialar yeterli de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
– Kullan\u0131m\u0131n ne zaman haks\u0131z h\u00e2le geldi\u011fi do\u011fru tespit edilmeli; malik \u00f6nceden r\u0131za g\u00f6stermi\u015fse, ecrimisil ancak r\u0131zan\u0131n geri al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren talep edilebilir.<\/p>\n
– Payda\u015flar aras\u0131nda fiili taksim varsa, buna ayk\u0131r\u0131 kullan\u0131m el atma say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
– Ecrimisil isteniyorsa, emsal kira bedelleri, kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 ve bilirki\u015fi raporlar\u0131 net olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
– Hapis hakk\u0131 veya kirac\u0131l\u0131k savunular\u0131 ise s\u00fcresinde ve ge\u00e7erli delillerle ispatlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
– Dava a\u00e7madan \u00f6nce ihtar \u00e7ekilmesi, hem s\u00fcreci sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r hem de ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 tarihi konusunda delil olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n
– Davac\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, tapuda malik veya payda\u015f s\u0131fat\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131p ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kontrol edilmeli, m\u00fclkiyeti sona eren ki\u015filerin dava a\u00e7amayaca\u011f\u0131 unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
I. PAYDAS\u0327 I\u0307L\u0130S\u0327K\u0130L\u0130 EL ATMALAR VE FI\u0307I\u0307LI\u0307 KULLANIMLAR<\/p>\n
\u2022 Fiilen Kullan\u0131lan Paya I\u0307lis\u0327kin El Atman\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesi Talebi<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 8. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2018\/6707, K. 2018\/18313 – T. 07.11.2018<\/p>\n
Payda\u015f, pay\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k fiilen \u00e7eki\u015fmesiz olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yer varsa el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davas\u0131 a\u00e7amaz.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc fiili taksim durumunda, kullan\u0131m s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ge\u00e7ici olarak korunmal\u0131 ve el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi de\u011fil, ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi veya resmi taksim yolu tercih edilmelidir.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Paydas\u0327\u0131n Fiili Kullan\u0131m Alan\u0131na Yap\u0131lan M\u00fcdahale<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2014\/16171, K. 2016\/4820 – T. 19.04.2016\u2028Fiili kullan\u0131mda davac\u0131n\u0131n pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen alan i\u015fgal ediliyorsa el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi talebi kabul edilir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc fiilen kullan\u0131lan ve taraflar aras\u0131nda z\u0131mni olarak payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f alana y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahale, payda\u015f\u0131n kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihlal eder ve bu ihlal yarg\u0131 m\u00fcdahalesini hakl\u0131 k\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Paydas\u0327 R\u0131zas\u0131 Olmadan Yap\u0131lan Kiralama ve Haks\u0131z Kullan\u0131m<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 8. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2018\/3161, K. 2018\/19827 – T. 06.12.2018\u2028Payda\u015flardan biri, di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131 olmadan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye kiralayamaz; bu durumda el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ve ecrimisil talebi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tamam\u0131 \u00fczerinde ortak m\u00fclkiyet s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fundan, r\u0131za d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kiralama i\u015flemleri di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal eder ve haks\u0131z el atma te\u015fkil eder.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Paydas\u0327 I\u0307zni Olmadan \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Kis\u0327iye Kulland\u0131rma<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 8. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2018\/3161, K. 2018\/19827 – T. 06.12.2018\u2028Payda\u015flardan biri, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131n izni olmadan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere kulland\u0131r\u0131rsa, bu kullan\u0131m haks\u0131z say\u0131l\u0131r ve el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ile ecrimisil istenebilir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette her payda\u015f, ortak ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tamam\u0131 \u00fczerinde pay\u0131 oran\u0131nda hak sahibidir; di\u011ferlerinin r\u0131zas\u0131 al\u0131nmaks\u0131z\u0131n yap\u0131lan tahsis, ortak kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihlal eder.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Paydan Fazla Kullan\u0131mda El Atma ve Ecrimisil<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2014\/16357, K. 2016\/4690 – T. 18.04.2016\u2028Payda\u015f\u0131n pay\u0131ndan fazla yer kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilirse, el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesine ve fazla kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in ecrimisile karar verilir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her payda\u015f, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tamam\u0131 \u00fczerinde pay\u0131 oran\u0131nda hak sahibidir; bu oran\u0131 a\u015fan kullan\u0131mlar di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131n hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihlal eder ve m\u00fcdahale niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Fiili Taksim Yoksa ve Davac\u0131 Yer Kullanam\u0131yorsa El Atma Vard\u0131r<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2015\/8104, K. 2015\/9014 – T. 17.06.2015\u2028Payda\u015flar aras\u0131nda fiili taksim yoksa ve davac\u0131 pay\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k yer kullanam\u0131yorsa, el atma ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc fiili taksim bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131nmazdan t\u00fcm payda\u015flar\u0131n e\u015fit \u015fekilde yararlanmas\u0131 esast\u0131r; bu hakk\u0131n engellenmesi fiili el atma say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Taksim Davas\u0131 Teblig\u0306i I\u0307ntifadan Men Tarihidir<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2014\/13940, K. 2014\/18257 – T. 24.11.2014\u2028Payda\u015flar aras\u0131nda taksim davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, dava dilek\u00e7esinin tebli\u011fi intifadan men tarihidir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu tarihten itibaren di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131n ortak kullan\u0131m\u0131 engellenmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r ve haks\u0131z kullan\u0131ma kar\u015f\u0131 ecrimisil talep hakk\u0131 do\u011far.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Fiili Taksime Ayk\u0131r\u0131 Kullan\u0131m El Atmad\u0131r<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2014\/16171, K. 2016\/4820 – T. 19.04.2016\u2028Fiili taksim varsa, taraflar buna uymal\u0131d\u0131r. Kullan\u0131m anla\u015fmas\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 m\u00fcdahale el atmad\u0131r.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc fiili taksim z\u0131mni bir kullan\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi niteli\u011findedir; buna ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar di\u011fer payda\u015f\u0131n hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihlal eder.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Uzun S\u00fcreli Fiili Kullan\u0131m Ahde Vefa ile Korunur<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu – E. 2017\/1-1200, K. 2017\/890 – T. 03.05.2017\u2028Fiili taksim veya uzun s\u00fcreli fiili kullan\u0131m varsa, iyi niyet ve ahde vefa ilkesi gere\u011fi bu durum korunur.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yerle\u015fmi\u015f kullan\u0131m d\u00fczeni taraflar aras\u0131nda g\u00fcven ili\u015fkisi olu\u015fturur; buna ayk\u0131r\u0131 m\u00fcdahale, hakk\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131m\u0131 te\u015fkil eder.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Fiili Taksimli Alandaki Y\u0131k\u0131m Talebi Tek Paydas\u0327 Taraf\u0131ndan da A\u00e7\u0131labilir<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2014\/14086, K. 2016\/2003 – T. 22.02.2016\u2028Y\u0131k\u0131m istenen yap\u0131, fiili taksimli alandaysa ve yaln\u0131zca bir payda\u015f dava a\u00e7m\u0131\u015fsa, husumet nedeniyle reddedilmez. Esasa girilmelidir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her payda\u015f, kendi hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelen m\u00fcdahaleye kar\u015f\u0131 bireysel dava a\u00e7ma yetkisine sahiptir; ortak dava zorunlulu\u011fu yoktur.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Tas\u0327\u0131nmazda Kullan\u0131m Varsa ve Davac\u0131ya Yer B\u0131rak\u0131lmam\u0131s\u0327sa El Atma Vard\u0131r<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2014\/16357, K. 2016\/4690 – T. 18.04.2016\u2028El atma fiili, ta\u015f\u0131nmazda fiilen kullan\u0131m varsa ve davac\u0131ya terk edilmi\u015f alan bulunmuyorsa kabul edilir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ortak ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tamam\u0131 di\u011fer payda\u015f\u0131n fiili tasarrufunda olup davac\u0131 kullan\u0131m d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, bu durum m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlali anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n
II. BOS\u0327ANMA VE AI\u0307LE KONUTU I\u0307LI\u0307S\u0327KI\u0307SI\u0307NDE EL ATMA<\/p>\n
\u2022 Bos\u0327anma Sonras\u0131 Malik Olmayan Es\u0327in Kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n Haks\u0131zl\u0131g\u0306\u0131<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2014\/16769, K. 2016\/5022 – T. 25.04.2016\u2028Bo\u015fanma sonras\u0131 malik olmayan e\u015f ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 kullanmaya devam ediyorsa, el atma haks\u0131zd\u0131r ve ecrimisil istenebilir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bo\u015fanma ile birlikte aile konutu olma niteli\u011fi sona erer ve malik olmayan e\u015fin m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131 haks\u0131z hale gelir.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Bos\u0327anma Sonras\u0131 Tahliye Etmeyen Es\u0327e Kars\u0327\u0131 Ecrimisil ve Tahliye Talebi<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2014\/8156, K. 2015\/7962 – T. 01.06.2015\u2028Bo\u015fanma sonras\u0131 malik olan e\u015fin, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 tahliye etmeyen eski e\u015fe kar\u015f\u0131 ecrimisil ve tahliye talebi hakl\u0131d\u0131r.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bo\u015fanma karar\u0131yla birlikte m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 tam anlam\u0131yla malik e\u015fe ge\u00e7er ve eski e\u015fin kullan\u0131m\u0131na dayanak olacak me\u015fru bir zemin kalmaz.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Bos\u0327anma Sonras\u0131 H\u00e2kimiyetin Devam\u0131 ve El Atma<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2014\/16769, K. 2016\/5022 – T. 25.04.2016\u2028Eski e\u015fin bo\u015fanma sonras\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 fiilen terk etmemesi h\u00e2linde h\u00e2kimiyet devam eder ve el atma olu\u015fur.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bo\u015fanma ile aile konutu vasf\u0131 sona erdi\u011finden, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerindeki fiili h\u00e2kimiyetin sonlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in anahtar\u0131n teslimi gibi fiziki tasarruflar\u0131n b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir; aksi takdirde kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131 kalmayan ki\u015fi haks\u0131z zilyet durumuna d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n
III. M\u00dcLKI\u0307YET VE TEMSI\u0307L HAKKI BA\u011eLAMINDA EL ATMA<\/p>\n
\u2022 El Atman\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesinde Malik Olmayan Kis\u0327inin Dava A\u00e7ma Ehliyeti<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 14. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2016\/9509, K. 2017\/1199 – T. 20.02.2017\u2028M\u00fclkiyete dayal\u0131 el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davalar\u0131nda, davay\u0131 ancak tapu maliki veya onun yetkilisi a\u00e7abilir. Malik olmayan ki\u015fi ad\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131lan dava, aktif husumet yoklu\u011fu nedeniyle reddedilir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na dayal\u0131 bir talepte bulunmak, yaln\u0131zca bu hakk\u0131n sahibi olan ya da onun hukuken yetkilendirdi\u011fi ki\u015filer arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr; aksi takdirde dava taraf ehliyeti bak\u0131m\u0131ndan dinlenemez.<\/p>\n
\u2022 I\u0307fraz Sonras\u0131 M\u00fclkiyeti Kalmayan Kis\u0327i El Atman\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesi ve Ecrimisil Talebinde Bulunamaz<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi \u2013 E. 2016\/5405, K. 2016\/5148 \u2013 T. 26.04.2016\u2028\u0130frazdan sonra ta\u015f\u0131nmazda m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 sona eren ki\u015fi, el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi veya ecrimisil talebinde bulunamaz.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc el atma ve ecrimisil talepleri, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na dayan\u0131r; bu hak sona erdi\u011finde, ki\u015fi art\u0131k dava ehliyetini kaybeder. Yaln\u0131zca ifrazdan sonra da m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 s\u00fcregelen ki\u015filer bu t\u00fcr taleplerde bulunabilir. Ayr\u0131ca ecrimisil, ancak ki\u015finin hak sahibi oldu\u011fu d\u00f6neme ili\u015fkin olarak, pay oran\u0131 g\u00f6zetilerek hesaplanabilir.<\/p>\n
\u2022 I\u0307fraz Sonras\u0131 Sadece M\u00fclkiyeti Devam Eden Paydas\u0327 El Atman\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesini Talep Edebilir<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi \u2013 E. 2016\/5405, K. 2016\/5148 \u2013 T. 26.04.2016\u2028Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz davadan \u00f6nce ifraza tabi tutulmu\u015fsa, sadece ifraz sonras\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 devam eden payda\u015flar, el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ve ecrimisil talebinde bulunabilir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131, el atma ve ecrimisil davalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n ko\u015fuludur. \u0130frazla birlikte m\u00fclkiyet sona ermi\u015fse, ki\u015fi art\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131nmazla ilgili bu t\u00fcr taleplerde bulunamaz. Ecrimisil de yaln\u0131zca m\u00fclkiyeti s\u00fcren payda\u015f lehine ve ifraz ile dava tarihi aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nemle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak h\u00fckmedilebilir.<\/p>\n
\u2022 M\u00fclkiyet Hakk\u0131, \u00dczerinde I\u0307ntifa Hakk\u0131 Bulunsa Dahi El Atmaya Kars\u0327\u0131 Korunur<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu \u2013 E. 2014\/1-1425, K. 2016\/1039 \u2013 T. 09.11.2016\u2028M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 sahibi, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerinde intifa hakk\u0131 kurulmu\u015f olsa bile el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesini talep edebilir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc intifa hakk\u0131, kullan\u0131m yetkisini devretse de, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 sona ermez ve malik h\u00e2len ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 talep edebilir. \u0130ntifa hakk\u0131 sahibinin dava a\u00e7mam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, malikin bu y\u00f6ndeki dava hakk\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmaz.\u2028Ancak fiili kullan\u0131m malik iznine dayan\u0131yorsa, bu d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in ecrimisil talep edilemez. Dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte malik muvafakatini geri alm\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r; bu tarihten itibaren el atma haks\u0131z h\u00e2le gelir. Daval\u0131n\u0131n, intifa hakk\u0131 sahibinden kaynaklanan bir kirac\u0131l\u0131k ili\u015fkisini ispat etmesi h\u00e2linde ise el atma hukuka uygun say\u0131labilir. Bu nedenle kirac\u0131l\u0131k ili\u015fkisi titizlikle ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
IV. HAKSIZ FI\u0307I\u0307LI\u0307 EL ATMALAR VE KAMUSAL M\u00dcDAHALELER<\/p>\n
\u2022 Kullan\u0131m I\u0307zninin Geri Al\u0131nmas\u0131 Sonras\u0131 Haks\u0131z El Atma<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu – E. 2009\/1-401, K. 2009\/473 – T. 04.11.2009\u2028M\u00fclk sahibinin verdi\u011fi kullan\u0131m izni geri al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra el atma haks\u0131z h\u00e2le gelir ve ecrimisil talep edilebilir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc art\u0131k m\u00fclkiyet sahibinin r\u0131zas\u0131 ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015f olur ve bu tarihten sonraki kullan\u0131m, hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 hale gelir.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Plan D\u0131s\u0327\u0131 Kamu M\u00fcdahalesi Haks\u0131z Fiildir ve Adli Yarg\u0131 G\u00f6revlidir<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 4. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2016\/15911, K. 2017\/426 – T. 13.01.2017\u2028El atma kamu hizmeti s\u0131ras\u0131nda plan d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015fse, eylem adli yarg\u0131da de\u011ferlendirilir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc plan ve projeye dayanmayan kamu m\u00fcdahalesi, hizmet kusurundan ziyade haks\u0131z fiil niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131r ve \u00f6zel hukuk h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Tapusuz Tas\u0327\u0131nmazlarda Zilyetlig\u0306e Dayal\u0131 El Atman\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesi Davas\u0131 A\u00e7\u0131labilir; \u00dcst\u00fcn Zilyetlik Aras\u0327t\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu \u2013 E. 2014\/64, K. 2015\/1485 \u2013 T. 03.06.2015\u2028Tapusuz ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi ad\u0131na tapulu yerlerde, \u00fcst\u00fcn zilyetlik kime aitse el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davas\u0131n\u0131 o ki\u015fi a\u00e7abilir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc zilyetli\u011fe dayal\u0131 el atma davalar\u0131nda m\u00fclkiyet de\u011fil, fiil\u00ee h\u00e2kimiyet esas al\u0131n\u0131r. Mahkeme, taraflar\u0131n t\u00fcm delillerini toplayarak, tan\u0131klar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz ba\u015f\u0131nda dinleyerek ve \u00fcst\u00fcn zilyetli\u011fi teredd\u00fcts\u00fcz belirleyerek karar vermelidir. Bu yap\u0131lmadan verilen ret karar\u0131 do\u011fru de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
V. H\u0130CAR VE KI\u0307RA I\u0307LI\u0307S\u0327KI\u0307LERI\u0307NDEKI\u0307 EL ATMA DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RMES\u0130<\/p>\n
\u2022 Ecrimisil Talebinde \u00c7elis\u0327kili Bilirkis\u0327i Raporlar\u0131 Giderilmeli, Fiili Kullan\u0131m ve Projeye Uygunluk Netles\u0327tirilmelidir<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2014\/11542, K. 2015\/13875 – T. 30.11.2015<\/p>\n
Ecrimisil talebinin de\u011ferlendirilmesi i\u00e7in, bilirki\u015fi raporlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fki giderilmeli, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin fiili kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve projeye uygunlu\u011fu netle\u015ftirilmelidir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ecrimisil, fiili el atmaya ve kullan\u0131m\u0131n hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r; bu durumun tespiti \u00e7eli\u015fkisiz ve teknik olarak a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturulmu\u015f bilirki\u015fi raporlar\u0131na dayanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u2022 I\u0307cra Sat\u0131s\u0327\u0131 Sonras\u0131 Ecrimisil Talebinde Tahliye S\u00fcresi ve I\u0307s\u0327galin S\u00fcreklilig\u0306i Deg\u0306erlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2019\/1534, K. 2019\/2933 – T. 13.05.2019<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 8. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2018\/15175, K. 2018\/19714 – T. 05.12.2018<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2014\/15856, K. 2015\/566 – T. 19.01.2015<\/p>\n
\u0130cra ihalelerinde ecrimisil talebi i\u00e7in 15 g\u00fcnl\u00fck tahliye s\u00fcresi verilip verilmedi\u011fi ve i\u015fgalin bu s\u00fcreden sonra devam edip etmedi\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130\u0130K m.135\/2 gere\u011fi, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n teslimi i\u00e7in bor\u00e7luya ya da \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye verilen 15 g\u00fcnl\u00fck tahliye s\u00fcresi dolmadan ecrimisil istenemez; ancak i\u015fgalci sat\u0131\u015ftan haberdarsa veya ihale taraf\u0131ysa bu s\u00fcre beklenmeden de ecrimisil talep edilebilir.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Elatman\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesi Davas\u0131 Reddedildiyse, Ecrimisil Talebi de Reddedilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 8. Hukuk Dairesi \u2013 E. 2018\/9649, K. 2018\/13297 \u2013 T. 28.05.2018\u2028Elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davas\u0131 kesinle\u015fmi\u015f \u015fekilde reddedilmi\u015fse, ayn\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaza y\u00f6nelik ecrimisil talebi de reddedilmelidir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ecrimisil, haks\u0131z el atmaya ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak talep edilebilen bir tazminat t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. El atman\u0131n hukuken sabit olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya daha \u00f6nce a\u00e7\u0131lan elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davas\u0131nda reddedildi\u011fi durumlarda, ecrimisil talebi hukuki dayanaktan yoksun kal\u0131r. Yarg\u0131tay, ayn\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz i\u00e7in el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davas\u0131 reddedilen davac\u0131n\u0131n, ecrimisil talebinde de bulunamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Pay\u0131na Kars\u0327\u0131l\u0131k Belirli B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Kullanan Paydas\u0327a Ecrimisil Talep Edilemez; Tas\u0327\u0131nmaz\u0131n Tamam\u0131na M\u00fcdahale Olursa Ecrimisil Dog\u0306ar<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi \u2013 E. 2015\/10187, K. 2015\/11551 \u2013 T. 08.10.2015\u2028Payda\u015f\u0131n, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 fiilen kullanmas\u0131 veya di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131n pay\u0131na do\u011frudan m\u00fcdahalesi varsa ecrimisil do\u011fabilir. Ancak sadece kendi pay\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc kullanan payda\u015fa kar\u015f\u0131 ecrimisil talep edilemez.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ecrimisil, haks\u0131z ve fazlaya ili\u015fkin kullan\u0131ma dayan\u0131r. Yarg\u0131tay, ecrimisil taleplerinde harici veya fiili taksimin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, kat m\u00fclkiyeti kurulup kurulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, kullan\u0131m oranlar\u0131n\u0131n ve emsal kira bedellerinin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir.\u2028Ayr\u0131ca, t\u00fcm payda\u015flar\u0131 ba\u011flayan bir kullan\u0131m plan\u0131 veya s\u00f6zle\u015fme yoksa, her somut kullan\u0131m durumu dikkatle irdelenmelidir. Belirsiz alacak davas\u0131nda zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ise \u0131slah tarihine g\u00f6re de\u011fil, fiili el atma tarihine g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Elatman\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesi ve Ecrimisil Davas\u0131nda Kirac\u0131l\u0131k Savunusunun I\u0307spat Y\u00fck\u00fc Daval\u0131dad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi \u2013 E. 2014\/16670, K. 2016\/4758 \u2013 T. 19.04.2016\u2028Elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ve ecrimisil davas\u0131nda, kirac\u0131l\u0131k savunusunda bulunan daval\u0131, bu iddias\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7erli delillerle ispatlamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc delille ispat m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kira ili\u015fkisi, bir hukuki i\u015flem niteli\u011findedir ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme, tan\u0131k beyan\u0131 veya benzeri hukuken ge\u00e7erli delillerle ispatlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u2028Yarg\u0131tay, kira ili\u015fkisini do\u011frulayan herhangi bir belge bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kullan\u0131m\u0131n davac\u0131n\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131na dayal\u0131 say\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu nedenle elatman\u0131n haks\u0131z oldu\u011funu ve ecrimisile h\u00fckmedilmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. Kirac\u0131l\u0131k ispat edilemedi\u011fi h\u00e2lde davan\u0131n reddi hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Dava Konusuz Kalm\u0131s\u0327sa Reddine Deg\u0306il, “Karar Verilmesine Yer Olmad\u0131g\u0306\u0131na” H\u00fckmedilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 14. Hukuk Dairesi \u2013 E. 2014\/15401, K. 2016\/493 \u2013 T. 19.01.2016\u2028El atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davas\u0131 yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda konusuz kal\u0131rsa, mahkeme davay\u0131 reddetmemeli, \u201ckarar verilmesine yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na\u201d h\u00fckmetmelidir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc dava a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra m\u00fcdahale sona ermi\u015fse, art\u0131k yarg\u0131lama konusu kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Reddine karar verilmesi, davac\u0131y\u0131 haks\u0131z \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Yarg\u0131tay bu t\u00fcr durumlarda \u201ckonusuz kalan dava hakk\u0131nda karar verilmesine yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na\u201d karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
VI. HAR\u0130C\u0130 SATI\u015e, K\u0130\u015e\u0130SEL HAKLAR VE HAP\u0130S HAKKI<\/p>\n
\u2022 Harici Sat\u0131s\u0327a Dayal\u0131 Fiili Kullan\u0131mda TMK 994’e G\u00f6re Hapis Hakk\u0131<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 8. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2018\/10871, K. 2018\/14007 – T. 12.06.2018\u2028Harici sat\u0131\u015fa dayal\u0131 fiili kullan\u0131m varsa, \u00f6denen bedele g\u00f6re TMK 994\u2019e g\u00f6re hapis hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nabilir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc zilyet, iyi niyetli olarak ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 devralm\u0131\u015f ve bedel \u00f6demi\u015fse, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 terk etmeden \u00f6nce yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 harcama veya \u00f6demenin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 almadan m\u00fclkiyet sahibine iade etmek zorunda de\u011fildir; bu durumda hapis hakk\u0131 do\u011far.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Hapis Hakk\u0131 Def\u2019inin Usule Uygun S\u00fcrede I\u0307leri S\u00fcr\u00fclmesi Zorunludur.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 8. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2018\/6294, K. 2018\/13903 – T. 11.06.2018\u2028Hapis hakk\u0131 savunmas\u0131 (def\u2019i) s\u00fcresinde ve usule uygun olarak ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmelidir; aksi h\u00e2lde dinlenemez.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc TMK 994\u2019e dayanan hapis hakk\u0131, bir def\u2019i niteli\u011findedir ve bu t\u00fcr savunmalar, \u00f6n inceleme a\u015famas\u0131nda ve s\u00fcresinde yap\u0131lmazsa, mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirilemez; yarg\u0131laman\u0131n ilerleyen safhalar\u0131nda ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclemez.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Harici Sat\u0131n Alma Ki\u015fisel Hak Sag\u0306lar, M\u00fclkiyet Sahibinin El Atman\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesini Talep Hakk\u0131 Vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 8. Hukuk Dairesi \u2013 E. 2018\/6044, K. 2018\/12011 \u2013 T. 02.05.2018\u2028Harici sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesiyle ta\u015f\u0131nmaz kullanan ki\u015fi, tapuda malik olmayan biri say\u0131l\u0131r; bu durumda malik, el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesini talep edebilir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc tapulu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 ancak resmi \u015fekilde devredilebilir. Haricen yap\u0131lan sat\u0131\u015flar ki\u015fisel hak do\u011furur; ayni hak sa\u011flamaz. Bu nedenle daval\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 iyi niyetli de olsa haks\u0131z \u015fekilde kullanmaktad\u0131r. Yarg\u0131tay, el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi talebinin kabul\u00fc gerekti\u011fi h\u00e2lde reddini hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
VII. KA\u00c7AK YAPI VE EKONOM\u0130K DE\u011eER<\/p>\n
\u2022 Ka\u00e7ak Yap\u0131lar \u00dczerindeki Fiili Kullan\u0131m da El Atma ve Ecrimisil Davas\u0131na Konu Olabilir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi \u2013 E. 2014\/20623, K. 2017\/3198 \u2013 T. 06.06.2017\u2028Ka\u00e7ak veya hakk\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131m karar\u0131 bulunan yap\u0131lar, ekonomik de\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece, bu yap\u0131lar \u00fczerindeki fiili kullan\u0131mlar el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ve ecrimisil davalar\u0131na konu edilebilir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 sadece hukuken tan\u0131nan yap\u0131lara de\u011fil, fiilen kullan\u0131lan ve ekonomik de\u011feri bulunan yap\u0131lara da koruma sa\u011flar. Pay\u0131na denk d\u00fc\u015fen bir kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131 bulunmayan payda\u015f, di\u011fer payda\u015f\u0131n fiili m\u00fcdahalesine kar\u015f\u0131 dava a\u00e7abilir. Harici taksim veya fiili kullan\u0131m anla\u015fmalar\u0131 varsa, bu durum \u201cahde vefa\u201d ve iyi niyet ilkeleri kapsam\u0131nda dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Mahkeme, bu anla\u015fmalar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve fiili kullan\u0131m\u0131 detayl\u0131 \u015fekilde ara\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
VIII. KAT M\u00dcLK\u0130YET\u0130NDE EL ATMANIN \u00d6NLENMES\u0130<\/p>\n
Kat Malikinin Ortak Bah\u00e7eyi \u00c7itle \u00c7evirmesi\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 20. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2017\/2359, K. 2018\/7850 – T. 04.12.2018\u2028<\/p>\n
Kat malikinin ortak alana kal\u0131c\u0131 yap\u0131 veya s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rma getirebilmesi i\u00e7in di\u011fer maliklerin be\u015fte d\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcn yaz\u0131l\u0131 r\u0131zas\u0131 gerekir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu\u2019nun 19. maddesi gere\u011fince, ortak alanlarda yap\u0131lacak in\u015faat, tesis ve benzeri m\u00fcdahaleler, yeterli \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun yaz\u0131l\u0131 iznine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Aksi h\u00e2lde yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahale hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r ve kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
Ortak Alan Olan \u00c7at\u0131ya Projeye Ayk\u0131r\u0131 M\u00fcdahale\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu – E. 2011\/563, K. 2011\/733 – T. 28.09.2011\u2028<\/p>\n
Ortak alanlara yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahaleler, yap\u0131 projesine ve y\u00f6netim plan\u0131na uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu\u2019nun 33. maddesi uyar\u0131nca projeye ayk\u0131r\u0131 m\u00fcdahaleler giderilmelidir; maliklere bu m\u00fcdahalenin d\u00fczeltilmesi i\u00e7in uygun bir s\u00fcre verilerek projeye uygunluk sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ortak Alan Bodrum Kat\u0131n Y\u00f6netim Ofisi Olarak Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 20. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2017\/4066, K. 2017\/9508 – T. 16.11.2017\u2028<\/p>\n
Ortak alanlar, di\u011fer maliklerin r\u0131zas\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6zel kullan\u0131m amac\u0131yla tahsis edilemez.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Ortak m\u00fclkiyete konu alanlar\u0131n m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran bir kat maliki taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131labilmesi, di\u011fer maliklerin r\u0131zas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. R\u0131za olmadan yap\u0131lan kullan\u0131m, el atma niteli\u011findedir ve mahkemece m\u00fcdahalenin \u00f6nlenmesine karar verilir.<\/p>\n
IX. SINIR UYU\u015eMAZLIKLARI<\/p>\n
S\u0131n\u0131r Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131nda Tapu Haritas\u0131 ve Krokinin Esas Al\u0131nmas\u0131
\nYarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu, E. 2023\/1032, K. 2023\/1208, T. 06.12.2023
\nS\u0131n\u0131r uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131nda, tapu kay\u0131tlar\u0131na dayanak olan harita, plan veya kroki zemine uygulanabiliyorsa, s\u0131n\u0131r tespiti bu belgelere g\u00f6re yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Yarg\u0131tay\u2019a g\u00f6re, s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n belirlenmesinde tapu kayd\u0131yla birlikte dayana\u011f\u0131 olan harita ve krokilerin de zemine tatbik edilebilir olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fer bu belgeler a\u00e7\u0131k ve belirginse, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 bu belgelere g\u00f6re tespit edilir. Bu durum, s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n objektif ve teknik verilere dayal\u0131 bi\u00e7imde belirlenmesini sa\u011flayarak, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n yerinde ve do\u011fru bi\u00e7imde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesine imk\u00e2n tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u200bG\u0130R\u0130\u015e\u2028<\/p>\n
El atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ve ecrimisil davalar\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz m\u00fclkiyetine y\u00f6nelen haks\u0131z m\u00fcdahalelere kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan en temel hukuk\u00ee ba\u015fvuru yollar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Bu davalarda, yaln\u0131zca fiili kullan\u0131ma de\u011fil, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na, payda\u015fl\u0131k ili\u015fkilerine, aile hukukuna, kamu m\u00fcdahalesine ve hatta ki\u015fisel haklara kadar uzanan geni\u015f bir yelpazede de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131, bu alandaki yerle\u015fik ilkeleri belirlemekle kalmaz; ayn\u0131 zamanda hangi davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n hukuka uygun say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hangi durumlar\u0131n haks\u0131z m\u00fcdahale te\u015fkil edece\u011fini somut \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerle ortaya koyar. \u00d6zellikle fiili taksim, payda\u015flar aras\u0131 r\u0131za, ifraz sonras\u0131 hak sahipli\u011fi, kirac\u0131l\u0131k savunular\u0131 ve kamu kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n plan d\u0131\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcdahaleleri gibi ihtilafl\u0131 alanlarda verilen kararlar, uygulay\u0131c\u0131lara yol g\u00f6sterici niteliktedir.<\/p>\n
Bu derlemede, el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ve ecrimisil taleplerine konu olan farkl\u0131 ihtilaf t\u00fcrleri sistematik bir \u015fekilde grupland\u0131r\u0131larak sunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
DAVA A\u00c7MA S\u00dcREC\u0130NE \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130N USUL\u00ce B\u0130LG\u0130LER<\/p>\n
– El atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davas\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131na izinsiz \u015fekilde m\u00fcdahale edilen malik veya zilyet taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
– Tapulu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda yaln\u0131zca malik ya da onun yasal temsilcisi, tapusuz ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda ise \u00fcst\u00fcn zilyet konumunda olan ki\u015fi dava a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>\n
– Dava, m\u00fcdahalede bulunan ger\u00e7ek veya t\u00fczel ki\u015filere y\u00f6neltilmelidir ve yetkili mahkeme ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yer mahkemesidir.<\/p>\n
– El atman\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispat y\u00fck\u00fc davac\u0131ya aittir. Mahkeme genellikle ke\u015fif ve bilirki\u015fi incelemesi yaparak ta\u015f\u0131nmazdaki fiili durumu de\u011ferlendirir.<\/p>\n
– E\u011fer m\u00fcdahale yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda sona ermi\u015fse, dava reddedilmez; “karar verilmesine yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na” h\u00fckmedilir.<\/p>\n
– Ayr\u0131ca ecrimisil talebi varsa, bu talep be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na tabidir ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fe d\u00f6n\u00fck olarak dava tarihinden geriye do\u011fru hesaplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
El atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ve ecrimisil davalar\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131 \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in baz\u0131 temel hususlara dikkat edilmelidir:<\/p>\n
– Daval\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaza fiilen m\u00fcdahale etti\u011finin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ispatlanmas\u0131 gerekir; yaln\u0131zca ge\u00e7mi\u015fte kalan ya da soyut iddialar yeterli de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
– Kullan\u0131m\u0131n ne zaman haks\u0131z h\u00e2le geldi\u011fi do\u011fru tespit edilmeli; malik \u00f6nceden r\u0131za g\u00f6stermi\u015fse, ecrimisil ancak r\u0131zan\u0131n geri al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren talep edilebilir.<\/p>\n
– Payda\u015flar aras\u0131nda fiili taksim varsa, buna ayk\u0131r\u0131 kullan\u0131m el atma say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
– Ecrimisil isteniyorsa, emsal kira bedelleri, kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 ve bilirki\u015fi raporlar\u0131 net olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
– Hapis hakk\u0131 veya kirac\u0131l\u0131k savunular\u0131 ise s\u00fcresinde ve ge\u00e7erli delillerle ispatlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
– Dava a\u00e7madan \u00f6nce ihtar \u00e7ekilmesi, hem s\u00fcreci sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r hem de ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 tarihi konusunda delil olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n
– Davac\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, tapuda malik veya payda\u015f s\u0131fat\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131p ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kontrol edilmeli, m\u00fclkiyeti sona eren ki\u015filerin dava a\u00e7amayaca\u011f\u0131 unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
I. PAYDAS\u0327 I\u0307L\u0130S\u0327K\u0130L\u0130 EL ATMALAR VE FI\u0307I\u0307LI\u0307 KULLANIMLAR<\/p>\n
\u2022 Fiilen Kullan\u0131lan Paya I\u0307lis\u0327kin El Atman\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesi Talebi<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 8. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2018\/6707, K. 2018\/18313 – T. 07.11.2018<\/p>\n
Payda\u015f, pay\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k fiilen \u00e7eki\u015fmesiz olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yer varsa el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davas\u0131 a\u00e7amaz.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc fiili taksim durumunda, kullan\u0131m s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ge\u00e7ici olarak korunmal\u0131 ve el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi de\u011fil, ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi veya resmi taksim yolu tercih edilmelidir.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Paydas\u0327\u0131n Fiili Kullan\u0131m Alan\u0131na Yap\u0131lan M\u00fcdahale<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2014\/16171, K. 2016\/4820 – T. 19.04.2016\u2028Fiili kullan\u0131mda davac\u0131n\u0131n pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen alan i\u015fgal ediliyorsa el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi talebi kabul edilir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc fiilen kullan\u0131lan ve taraflar aras\u0131nda z\u0131mni olarak payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f alana y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahale, payda\u015f\u0131n kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihlal eder ve bu ihlal yarg\u0131 m\u00fcdahalesini hakl\u0131 k\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Paydas\u0327 R\u0131zas\u0131 Olmadan Yap\u0131lan Kiralama ve Haks\u0131z Kullan\u0131m<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 8. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2018\/3161, K. 2018\/19827 – T. 06.12.2018\u2028Payda\u015flardan biri, di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131 olmadan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye kiralayamaz; bu durumda el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ve ecrimisil talebi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tamam\u0131 \u00fczerinde ortak m\u00fclkiyet s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fundan, r\u0131za d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kiralama i\u015flemleri di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal eder ve haks\u0131z el atma te\u015fkil eder.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Paydas\u0327 I\u0307zni Olmadan \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Kis\u0327iye Kulland\u0131rma<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 8. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2018\/3161, K. 2018\/19827 – T. 06.12.2018\u2028Payda\u015flardan biri, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131n izni olmadan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere kulland\u0131r\u0131rsa, bu kullan\u0131m haks\u0131z say\u0131l\u0131r ve el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ile ecrimisil istenebilir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette her payda\u015f, ortak ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tamam\u0131 \u00fczerinde pay\u0131 oran\u0131nda hak sahibidir; di\u011ferlerinin r\u0131zas\u0131 al\u0131nmaks\u0131z\u0131n yap\u0131lan tahsis, ortak kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihlal eder.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Paydan Fazla Kullan\u0131mda El Atma ve Ecrimisil<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2014\/16357, K. 2016\/4690 – T. 18.04.2016\u2028Payda\u015f\u0131n pay\u0131ndan fazla yer kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilirse, el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesine ve fazla kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in ecrimisile karar verilir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her payda\u015f, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tamam\u0131 \u00fczerinde pay\u0131 oran\u0131nda hak sahibidir; bu oran\u0131 a\u015fan kullan\u0131mlar di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131n hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihlal eder ve m\u00fcdahale niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Fiili Taksim Yoksa ve Davac\u0131 Yer Kullanam\u0131yorsa El Atma Vard\u0131r<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2015\/8104, K. 2015\/9014 – T. 17.06.2015\u2028Payda\u015flar aras\u0131nda fiili taksim yoksa ve davac\u0131 pay\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k yer kullanam\u0131yorsa, el atma ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc fiili taksim bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131nmazdan t\u00fcm payda\u015flar\u0131n e\u015fit \u015fekilde yararlanmas\u0131 esast\u0131r; bu hakk\u0131n engellenmesi fiili el atma say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Taksim Davas\u0131 Teblig\u0306i I\u0307ntifadan Men Tarihidir<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2014\/13940, K. 2014\/18257 – T. 24.11.2014\u2028Payda\u015flar aras\u0131nda taksim davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, dava dilek\u00e7esinin tebli\u011fi intifadan men tarihidir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu tarihten itibaren di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131n ortak kullan\u0131m\u0131 engellenmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r ve haks\u0131z kullan\u0131ma kar\u015f\u0131 ecrimisil talep hakk\u0131 do\u011far.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Fiili Taksime Ayk\u0131r\u0131 Kullan\u0131m El Atmad\u0131r<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2014\/16171, K. 2016\/4820 – T. 19.04.2016\u2028Fiili taksim varsa, taraflar buna uymal\u0131d\u0131r. Kullan\u0131m anla\u015fmas\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 m\u00fcdahale el atmad\u0131r.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc fiili taksim z\u0131mni bir kullan\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi niteli\u011findedir; buna ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar di\u011fer payda\u015f\u0131n hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihlal eder.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Uzun S\u00fcreli Fiili Kullan\u0131m Ahde Vefa ile Korunur<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu – E. 2017\/1-1200, K. 2017\/890 – T. 03.05.2017\u2028Fiili taksim veya uzun s\u00fcreli fiili kullan\u0131m varsa, iyi niyet ve ahde vefa ilkesi gere\u011fi bu durum korunur.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yerle\u015fmi\u015f kullan\u0131m d\u00fczeni taraflar aras\u0131nda g\u00fcven ili\u015fkisi olu\u015fturur; buna ayk\u0131r\u0131 m\u00fcdahale, hakk\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131m\u0131 te\u015fkil eder.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Fiili Taksimli Alandaki Y\u0131k\u0131m Talebi Tek Paydas\u0327 Taraf\u0131ndan da A\u00e7\u0131labilir<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2014\/14086, K. 2016\/2003 – T. 22.02.2016\u2028Y\u0131k\u0131m istenen yap\u0131, fiili taksimli alandaysa ve yaln\u0131zca bir payda\u015f dava a\u00e7m\u0131\u015fsa, husumet nedeniyle reddedilmez. Esasa girilmelidir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her payda\u015f, kendi hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelen m\u00fcdahaleye kar\u015f\u0131 bireysel dava a\u00e7ma yetkisine sahiptir; ortak dava zorunlulu\u011fu yoktur.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Tas\u0327\u0131nmazda Kullan\u0131m Varsa ve Davac\u0131ya Yer B\u0131rak\u0131lmam\u0131s\u0327sa El Atma Vard\u0131r<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2014\/16357, K. 2016\/4690 – T. 18.04.2016\u2028El atma fiili, ta\u015f\u0131nmazda fiilen kullan\u0131m varsa ve davac\u0131ya terk edilmi\u015f alan bulunmuyorsa kabul edilir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ortak ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tamam\u0131 di\u011fer payda\u015f\u0131n fiili tasarrufunda olup davac\u0131 kullan\u0131m d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, bu durum m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlali anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n
II. BOS\u0327ANMA VE AI\u0307LE KONUTU I\u0307LI\u0307S\u0327KI\u0307SI\u0307NDE EL ATMA<\/p>\n
\u2022 Bos\u0327anma Sonras\u0131 Malik Olmayan Es\u0327in Kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n Haks\u0131zl\u0131g\u0306\u0131<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2014\/16769, K. 2016\/5022 – T. 25.04.2016\u2028Bo\u015fanma sonras\u0131 malik olmayan e\u015f ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 kullanmaya devam ediyorsa, el atma haks\u0131zd\u0131r ve ecrimisil istenebilir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bo\u015fanma ile birlikte aile konutu olma niteli\u011fi sona erer ve malik olmayan e\u015fin m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131 haks\u0131z hale gelir.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Bos\u0327anma Sonras\u0131 Tahliye Etmeyen Es\u0327e Kars\u0327\u0131 Ecrimisil ve Tahliye Talebi<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2014\/8156, K. 2015\/7962 – T. 01.06.2015\u2028Bo\u015fanma sonras\u0131 malik olan e\u015fin, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 tahliye etmeyen eski e\u015fe kar\u015f\u0131 ecrimisil ve tahliye talebi hakl\u0131d\u0131r.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bo\u015fanma karar\u0131yla birlikte m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 tam anlam\u0131yla malik e\u015fe ge\u00e7er ve eski e\u015fin kullan\u0131m\u0131na dayanak olacak me\u015fru bir zemin kalmaz.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Bos\u0327anma Sonras\u0131 H\u00e2kimiyetin Devam\u0131 ve El Atma<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2014\/16769, K. 2016\/5022 – T. 25.04.2016\u2028Eski e\u015fin bo\u015fanma sonras\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 fiilen terk etmemesi h\u00e2linde h\u00e2kimiyet devam eder ve el atma olu\u015fur.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bo\u015fanma ile aile konutu vasf\u0131 sona erdi\u011finden, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerindeki fiili h\u00e2kimiyetin sonlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in anahtar\u0131n teslimi gibi fiziki tasarruflar\u0131n b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir; aksi takdirde kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131 kalmayan ki\u015fi haks\u0131z zilyet durumuna d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n
III. M\u00dcLKI\u0307YET VE TEMSI\u0307L HAKKI BA\u011eLAMINDA EL ATMA<\/p>\n
\u2022 El Atman\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesinde Malik Olmayan Kis\u0327inin Dava A\u00e7ma Ehliyeti<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 14. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2016\/9509, K. 2017\/1199 – T. 20.02.2017\u2028M\u00fclkiyete dayal\u0131 el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davalar\u0131nda, davay\u0131 ancak tapu maliki veya onun yetkilisi a\u00e7abilir. Malik olmayan ki\u015fi ad\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131lan dava, aktif husumet yoklu\u011fu nedeniyle reddedilir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na dayal\u0131 bir talepte bulunmak, yaln\u0131zca bu hakk\u0131n sahibi olan ya da onun hukuken yetkilendirdi\u011fi ki\u015filer arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr; aksi takdirde dava taraf ehliyeti bak\u0131m\u0131ndan dinlenemez.<\/p>\n
\u2022 I\u0307fraz Sonras\u0131 M\u00fclkiyeti Kalmayan Kis\u0327i El Atman\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesi ve Ecrimisil Talebinde Bulunamaz<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi \u2013 E. 2016\/5405, K. 2016\/5148 \u2013 T. 26.04.2016\u2028\u0130frazdan sonra ta\u015f\u0131nmazda m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 sona eren ki\u015fi, el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi veya ecrimisil talebinde bulunamaz.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc el atma ve ecrimisil talepleri, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na dayan\u0131r; bu hak sona erdi\u011finde, ki\u015fi art\u0131k dava ehliyetini kaybeder. Yaln\u0131zca ifrazdan sonra da m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 s\u00fcregelen ki\u015filer bu t\u00fcr taleplerde bulunabilir. Ayr\u0131ca ecrimisil, ancak ki\u015finin hak sahibi oldu\u011fu d\u00f6neme ili\u015fkin olarak, pay oran\u0131 g\u00f6zetilerek hesaplanabilir.<\/p>\n
\u2022 I\u0307fraz Sonras\u0131 Sadece M\u00fclkiyeti Devam Eden Paydas\u0327 El Atman\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesini Talep Edebilir<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi \u2013 E. 2016\/5405, K. 2016\/5148 \u2013 T. 26.04.2016\u2028Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz davadan \u00f6nce ifraza tabi tutulmu\u015fsa, sadece ifraz sonras\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 devam eden payda\u015flar, el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ve ecrimisil talebinde bulunabilir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131, el atma ve ecrimisil davalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n ko\u015fuludur. \u0130frazla birlikte m\u00fclkiyet sona ermi\u015fse, ki\u015fi art\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131nmazla ilgili bu t\u00fcr taleplerde bulunamaz. Ecrimisil de yaln\u0131zca m\u00fclkiyeti s\u00fcren payda\u015f lehine ve ifraz ile dava tarihi aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nemle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak h\u00fckmedilebilir.<\/p>\n
\u2022 M\u00fclkiyet Hakk\u0131, \u00dczerinde I\u0307ntifa Hakk\u0131 Bulunsa Dahi El Atmaya Kars\u0327\u0131 Korunur<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu \u2013 E. 2014\/1-1425, K. 2016\/1039 \u2013 T. 09.11.2016\u2028M\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 sahibi, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerinde intifa hakk\u0131 kurulmu\u015f olsa bile el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesini talep edebilir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc intifa hakk\u0131, kullan\u0131m yetkisini devretse de, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 sona ermez ve malik h\u00e2len ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 talep edebilir. \u0130ntifa hakk\u0131 sahibinin dava a\u00e7mam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, malikin bu y\u00f6ndeki dava hakk\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmaz.\u2028Ancak fiili kullan\u0131m malik iznine dayan\u0131yorsa, bu d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in ecrimisil talep edilemez. Dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte malik muvafakatini geri alm\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r; bu tarihten itibaren el atma haks\u0131z h\u00e2le gelir. Daval\u0131n\u0131n, intifa hakk\u0131 sahibinden kaynaklanan bir kirac\u0131l\u0131k ili\u015fkisini ispat etmesi h\u00e2linde ise el atma hukuka uygun say\u0131labilir. Bu nedenle kirac\u0131l\u0131k ili\u015fkisi titizlikle ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
IV. HAKSIZ FI\u0307I\u0307LI\u0307 EL ATMALAR VE KAMUSAL M\u00dcDAHALELER<\/p>\n
\u2022 Kullan\u0131m I\u0307zninin Geri Al\u0131nmas\u0131 Sonras\u0131 Haks\u0131z El Atma<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu – E. 2009\/1-401, K. 2009\/473 – T. 04.11.2009\u2028M\u00fclk sahibinin verdi\u011fi kullan\u0131m izni geri al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra el atma haks\u0131z h\u00e2le gelir ve ecrimisil talep edilebilir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc art\u0131k m\u00fclkiyet sahibinin r\u0131zas\u0131 ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015f olur ve bu tarihten sonraki kullan\u0131m, hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 hale gelir.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Plan D\u0131s\u0327\u0131 Kamu M\u00fcdahalesi Haks\u0131z Fiildir ve Adli Yarg\u0131 G\u00f6revlidir<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 4. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2016\/15911, K. 2017\/426 – T. 13.01.2017\u2028El atma kamu hizmeti s\u0131ras\u0131nda plan d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015fse, eylem adli yarg\u0131da de\u011ferlendirilir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc plan ve projeye dayanmayan kamu m\u00fcdahalesi, hizmet kusurundan ziyade haks\u0131z fiil niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131r ve \u00f6zel hukuk h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Tapusuz Tas\u0327\u0131nmazlarda Zilyetlig\u0306e Dayal\u0131 El Atman\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesi Davas\u0131 A\u00e7\u0131labilir; \u00dcst\u00fcn Zilyetlik Aras\u0327t\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu \u2013 E. 2014\/64, K. 2015\/1485 \u2013 T. 03.06.2015\u2028Tapusuz ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi ad\u0131na tapulu yerlerde, \u00fcst\u00fcn zilyetlik kime aitse el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davas\u0131n\u0131 o ki\u015fi a\u00e7abilir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc zilyetli\u011fe dayal\u0131 el atma davalar\u0131nda m\u00fclkiyet de\u011fil, fiil\u00ee h\u00e2kimiyet esas al\u0131n\u0131r. Mahkeme, taraflar\u0131n t\u00fcm delillerini toplayarak, tan\u0131klar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz ba\u015f\u0131nda dinleyerek ve \u00fcst\u00fcn zilyetli\u011fi teredd\u00fcts\u00fcz belirleyerek karar vermelidir. Bu yap\u0131lmadan verilen ret karar\u0131 do\u011fru de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
V. H\u0130CAR VE KI\u0307RA I\u0307LI\u0307S\u0327KI\u0307LERI\u0307NDEKI\u0307 EL ATMA DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RMES\u0130<\/p>\n
\u2022 Ecrimisil Talebinde \u00c7elis\u0327kili Bilirkis\u0327i Raporlar\u0131 Giderilmeli, Fiili Kullan\u0131m ve Projeye Uygunluk Netles\u0327tirilmelidir<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2014\/11542, K. 2015\/13875 – T. 30.11.2015<\/p>\n
Ecrimisil talebinin de\u011ferlendirilmesi i\u00e7in, bilirki\u015fi raporlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fki giderilmeli, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin fiili kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve projeye uygunlu\u011fu netle\u015ftirilmelidir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ecrimisil, fiili el atmaya ve kullan\u0131m\u0131n hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r; bu durumun tespiti \u00e7eli\u015fkisiz ve teknik olarak a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturulmu\u015f bilirki\u015fi raporlar\u0131na dayanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u2022 I\u0307cra Sat\u0131s\u0327\u0131 Sonras\u0131 Ecrimisil Talebinde Tahliye S\u00fcresi ve I\u0307s\u0327galin S\u00fcreklilig\u0306i Deg\u0306erlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2019\/1534, K. 2019\/2933 – T. 13.05.2019<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 8. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2018\/15175, K. 2018\/19714 – T. 05.12.2018<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2014\/15856, K. 2015\/566 – T. 19.01.2015<\/p>\n
\u0130cra ihalelerinde ecrimisil talebi i\u00e7in 15 g\u00fcnl\u00fck tahliye s\u00fcresi verilip verilmedi\u011fi ve i\u015fgalin bu s\u00fcreden sonra devam edip etmedi\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130\u0130K m.135\/2 gere\u011fi, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n teslimi i\u00e7in bor\u00e7luya ya da \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye verilen 15 g\u00fcnl\u00fck tahliye s\u00fcresi dolmadan ecrimisil istenemez; ancak i\u015fgalci sat\u0131\u015ftan haberdarsa veya ihale taraf\u0131ysa bu s\u00fcre beklenmeden de ecrimisil talep edilebilir.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Elatman\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesi Davas\u0131 Reddedildiyse, Ecrimisil Talebi de Reddedilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 8. Hukuk Dairesi \u2013 E. 2018\/9649, K. 2018\/13297 \u2013 T. 28.05.2018\u2028Elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davas\u0131 kesinle\u015fmi\u015f \u015fekilde reddedilmi\u015fse, ayn\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaza y\u00f6nelik ecrimisil talebi de reddedilmelidir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ecrimisil, haks\u0131z el atmaya ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak talep edilebilen bir tazminat t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. El atman\u0131n hukuken sabit olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya daha \u00f6nce a\u00e7\u0131lan elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davas\u0131nda reddedildi\u011fi durumlarda, ecrimisil talebi hukuki dayanaktan yoksun kal\u0131r. Yarg\u0131tay, ayn\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz i\u00e7in el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davas\u0131 reddedilen davac\u0131n\u0131n, ecrimisil talebinde de bulunamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Pay\u0131na Kars\u0327\u0131l\u0131k Belirli B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Kullanan Paydas\u0327a Ecrimisil Talep Edilemez; Tas\u0327\u0131nmaz\u0131n Tamam\u0131na M\u00fcdahale Olursa Ecrimisil Dog\u0306ar<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi \u2013 E. 2015\/10187, K. 2015\/11551 \u2013 T. 08.10.2015\u2028Payda\u015f\u0131n, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 fiilen kullanmas\u0131 veya di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131n pay\u0131na do\u011frudan m\u00fcdahalesi varsa ecrimisil do\u011fabilir. Ancak sadece kendi pay\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc kullanan payda\u015fa kar\u015f\u0131 ecrimisil talep edilemez.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ecrimisil, haks\u0131z ve fazlaya ili\u015fkin kullan\u0131ma dayan\u0131r. Yarg\u0131tay, ecrimisil taleplerinde harici veya fiili taksimin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, kat m\u00fclkiyeti kurulup kurulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, kullan\u0131m oranlar\u0131n\u0131n ve emsal kira bedellerinin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir.\u2028Ayr\u0131ca, t\u00fcm payda\u015flar\u0131 ba\u011flayan bir kullan\u0131m plan\u0131 veya s\u00f6zle\u015fme yoksa, her somut kullan\u0131m durumu dikkatle irdelenmelidir. Belirsiz alacak davas\u0131nda zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ise \u0131slah tarihine g\u00f6re de\u011fil, fiili el atma tarihine g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Elatman\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesi ve Ecrimisil Davas\u0131nda Kirac\u0131l\u0131k Savunusunun I\u0307spat Y\u00fck\u00fc Daval\u0131dad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi \u2013 E. 2014\/16670, K. 2016\/4758 \u2013 T. 19.04.2016\u2028Elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ve ecrimisil davas\u0131nda, kirac\u0131l\u0131k savunusunda bulunan daval\u0131, bu iddias\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7erli delillerle ispatlamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc delille ispat m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kira ili\u015fkisi, bir hukuki i\u015flem niteli\u011findedir ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme, tan\u0131k beyan\u0131 veya benzeri hukuken ge\u00e7erli delillerle ispatlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u2028Yarg\u0131tay, kira ili\u015fkisini do\u011frulayan herhangi bir belge bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kullan\u0131m\u0131n davac\u0131n\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131na dayal\u0131 say\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu nedenle elatman\u0131n haks\u0131z oldu\u011funu ve ecrimisile h\u00fckmedilmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. Kirac\u0131l\u0131k ispat edilemedi\u011fi h\u00e2lde davan\u0131n reddi hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Dava Konusuz Kalm\u0131s\u0327sa Reddine Deg\u0306il, “Karar Verilmesine Yer Olmad\u0131g\u0306\u0131na” H\u00fckmedilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 14. Hukuk Dairesi \u2013 E. 2014\/15401, K. 2016\/493 \u2013 T. 19.01.2016\u2028El atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davas\u0131 yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda konusuz kal\u0131rsa, mahkeme davay\u0131 reddetmemeli, \u201ckarar verilmesine yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na\u201d h\u00fckmetmelidir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc dava a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra m\u00fcdahale sona ermi\u015fse, art\u0131k yarg\u0131lama konusu kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Reddine karar verilmesi, davac\u0131y\u0131 haks\u0131z \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Yarg\u0131tay bu t\u00fcr durumlarda \u201ckonusuz kalan dava hakk\u0131nda karar verilmesine yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na\u201d karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
VI. HAR\u0130C\u0130 SATI\u015e, K\u0130\u015e\u0130SEL HAKLAR VE HAP\u0130S HAKKI<\/p>\n
\u2022 Harici Sat\u0131s\u0327a Dayal\u0131 Fiili Kullan\u0131mda TMK 994’e G\u00f6re Hapis Hakk\u0131<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 8. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2018\/10871, K. 2018\/14007 – T. 12.06.2018\u2028Harici sat\u0131\u015fa dayal\u0131 fiili kullan\u0131m varsa, \u00f6denen bedele g\u00f6re TMK 994\u2019e g\u00f6re hapis hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nabilir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc zilyet, iyi niyetli olarak ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 devralm\u0131\u015f ve bedel \u00f6demi\u015fse, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 terk etmeden \u00f6nce yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 harcama veya \u00f6demenin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 almadan m\u00fclkiyet sahibine iade etmek zorunda de\u011fildir; bu durumda hapis hakk\u0131 do\u011far.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Hapis Hakk\u0131 Def\u2019inin Usule Uygun S\u00fcrede I\u0307leri S\u00fcr\u00fclmesi Zorunludur.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 8. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2018\/6294, K. 2018\/13903 – T. 11.06.2018\u2028Hapis hakk\u0131 savunmas\u0131 (def\u2019i) s\u00fcresinde ve usule uygun olarak ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmelidir; aksi h\u00e2lde dinlenemez.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc TMK 994\u2019e dayanan hapis hakk\u0131, bir def\u2019i niteli\u011findedir ve bu t\u00fcr savunmalar, \u00f6n inceleme a\u015famas\u0131nda ve s\u00fcresinde yap\u0131lmazsa, mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirilemez; yarg\u0131laman\u0131n ilerleyen safhalar\u0131nda ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclemez.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Harici Sat\u0131n Alma Ki\u015fisel Hak Sag\u0306lar, M\u00fclkiyet Sahibinin El Atman\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesini Talep Hakk\u0131 Vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 8. Hukuk Dairesi \u2013 E. 2018\/6044, K. 2018\/12011 \u2013 T. 02.05.2018\u2028Harici sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesiyle ta\u015f\u0131nmaz kullanan ki\u015fi, tapuda malik olmayan biri say\u0131l\u0131r; bu durumda malik, el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesini talep edebilir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc tapulu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 ancak resmi \u015fekilde devredilebilir. Haricen yap\u0131lan sat\u0131\u015flar ki\u015fisel hak do\u011furur; ayni hak sa\u011flamaz. Bu nedenle daval\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 iyi niyetli de olsa haks\u0131z \u015fekilde kullanmaktad\u0131r. Yarg\u0131tay, el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi talebinin kabul\u00fc gerekti\u011fi h\u00e2lde reddini hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
VII. KA\u00c7AK YAPI VE EKONOM\u0130K DE\u011eER<\/p>\n
\u2022 Ka\u00e7ak Yap\u0131lar \u00dczerindeki Fiili Kullan\u0131m da El Atma ve Ecrimisil Davas\u0131na Konu Olabilir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesi \u2013 E. 2014\/20623, K. 2017\/3198 \u2013 T. 06.06.2017\u2028Ka\u00e7ak veya hakk\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131m karar\u0131 bulunan yap\u0131lar, ekonomik de\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece, bu yap\u0131lar \u00fczerindeki fiili kullan\u0131mlar el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ve ecrimisil davalar\u0131na konu edilebilir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 sadece hukuken tan\u0131nan yap\u0131lara de\u011fil, fiilen kullan\u0131lan ve ekonomik de\u011feri bulunan yap\u0131lara da koruma sa\u011flar. Pay\u0131na denk d\u00fc\u015fen bir kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131 bulunmayan payda\u015f, di\u011fer payda\u015f\u0131n fiili m\u00fcdahalesine kar\u015f\u0131 dava a\u00e7abilir. Harici taksim veya fiili kullan\u0131m anla\u015fmalar\u0131 varsa, bu durum \u201cahde vefa\u201d ve iyi niyet ilkeleri kapsam\u0131nda dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Mahkeme, bu anla\u015fmalar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve fiili kullan\u0131m\u0131 detayl\u0131 \u015fekilde ara\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
VIII. KAT M\u00dcLK\u0130YET\u0130NDE EL ATMANIN \u00d6NLENMES\u0130<\/p>\n
Kat Malikinin Ortak Bah\u00e7eyi \u00c7itle \u00c7evirmesi\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 20. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2017\/2359, K. 2018\/7850 – T. 04.12.2018\u2028<\/p>\n
Kat malikinin ortak alana kal\u0131c\u0131 yap\u0131 veya s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rma getirebilmesi i\u00e7in di\u011fer maliklerin be\u015fte d\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcn yaz\u0131l\u0131 r\u0131zas\u0131 gerekir.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu\u2019nun 19. maddesi gere\u011fince, ortak alanlarda yap\u0131lacak in\u015faat, tesis ve benzeri m\u00fcdahaleler, yeterli \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun yaz\u0131l\u0131 iznine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Aksi h\u00e2lde yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahale hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r ve kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
Ortak Alan Olan \u00c7at\u0131ya Projeye Ayk\u0131r\u0131 M\u00fcdahale\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu – E. 2011\/563, K. 2011\/733 – T. 28.09.2011\u2028<\/p>\n
Ortak alanlara yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahaleler, yap\u0131 projesine ve y\u00f6netim plan\u0131na uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunu\u2019nun 33. maddesi uyar\u0131nca projeye ayk\u0131r\u0131 m\u00fcdahaleler giderilmelidir; maliklere bu m\u00fcdahalenin d\u00fczeltilmesi i\u00e7in uygun bir s\u00fcre verilerek projeye uygunluk sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ortak Alan Bodrum Kat\u0131n Y\u00f6netim Ofisi Olarak Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131\u2028<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131tay 20. Hukuk Dairesi – E. 2017\/4066, K. 2017\/9508 – T. 16.11.2017\u2028<\/p>\n
Ortak alanlar, di\u011fer maliklerin r\u0131zas\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6zel kullan\u0131m amac\u0131yla tahsis edilemez.\u2028\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Ortak m\u00fclkiyete konu alanlar\u0131n m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran bir kat maliki taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131labilmesi, di\u011fer maliklerin r\u0131zas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. R\u0131za olmadan yap\u0131lan kullan\u0131m, el atma niteli\u011findedir ve mahkemece m\u00fcdahalenin \u00f6nlenmesine karar verilir.<\/p>\n
IX. SINIR UYU\u015eMAZLIKLARI<\/p>\n
S\u0131n\u0131r Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131nda Tapu Haritas\u0131 ve Krokinin Esas Al\u0131nmas\u0131
\nYarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu, E. 2023\/1032, K. 2023\/1208, T. 06.12.2023
\nS\u0131n\u0131r uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131nda, tapu kay\u0131tlar\u0131na dayanak olan harita, plan veya kroki zemine uygulanabiliyorsa, s\u0131n\u0131r tespiti bu belgelere g\u00f6re yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Yarg\u0131tay\u2019a g\u00f6re, s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n belirlenmesinde tapu kayd\u0131yla birlikte dayana\u011f\u0131 olan harita ve krokilerin de zemine tatbik edilebilir olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fer bu belgeler a\u00e7\u0131k ve belirginse, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 bu belgelere g\u00f6re tespit edilir. Bu durum, s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n objektif ve teknik verilere dayal\u0131 bi\u00e7imde belirlenmesini sa\u011flayarak, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n yerinde ve do\u011fru bi\u00e7imde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesine imk\u00e2n tan\u0131r.\u00a0Hukuki Haber<\/p>\n
Haberin Al\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kaynak: www.hukukihaber.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
G\u0130R\u0130\u015e\u2028 El atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ve ecrimisil davalar\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz m\u00fclkiyetine y\u00f6nelen haks\u0131z m\u00fcdahalelere kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan en temel hukuk\u00ee ba\u015fvuru yollar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Bu davalarda, yaln\u0131zca fiili kullan\u0131ma de\u011fil, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na, payda\u015fl\u0131k ili\u015fkilerine, aile hukukuna, kamu m\u00fcdahalesine ve hatta ki\u015fisel haklara kadar uzanan geni\u015f bir yelpazede de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131, bu alandaki yerle\u015fik ilkeleri belirlemekle kalmaz; ayn\u0131 zamanda hangi davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n hukuka uygun say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hangi durumlar\u0131n haks\u0131z m\u00fcdahale te\u015fkil edece\u011fini somut \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerle ortaya koyar. \u00d6zellikle fiili taksim, payda\u015flar aras\u0131 r\u0131za, ifraz sonras\u0131 hak sahipli\u011fi, kirac\u0131l\u0131k savunular\u0131 ve kamu kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n plan d\u0131\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcdahaleleri gibi ihtilafl\u0131 alanlarda verilen kararlar, uygulay\u0131c\u0131lara yol g\u00f6sterici niteliktedir. Bu derlemede, el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ve ecrimisil taleplerine konu olan farkl\u0131 ihtilaf t\u00fcrleri sistematik bir \u015fekilde grupland\u0131r\u0131larak sunulmu\u015ftur. DAVA A\u00c7MA S\u00dcREC\u0130NE \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130N USUL\u00ce B\u0130LG\u0130LER – El atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davas\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131na izinsiz \u015fekilde m\u00fcdahale edilen malik veya zilyet taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131labilir. – Tapulu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda yaln\u0131zca malik ya da onun yasal temsilcisi, tapusuz ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda ise \u00fcst\u00fcn zilyet konumunda olan ki\u015fi dava a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131na sahiptir. – Dava, m\u00fcdahalede bulunan ger\u00e7ek veya t\u00fczel ki\u015filere y\u00f6neltilmelidir ve yetkili mahkeme ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yer mahkemesidir. – El atman\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispat y\u00fck\u00fc davac\u0131ya aittir. Mahkeme genellikle ke\u015fif ve bilirki\u015fi incelemesi yaparak ta\u015f\u0131nmazdaki fiili durumu de\u011ferlendirir. – E\u011fer m\u00fcdahale yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-101230","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukukihaber"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n