{"id":8262,"date":"2024-10-26T15:05:08","date_gmt":"2024-10-26T12:05:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/denizcankizil.tr\/?page_id=8262"},"modified":"2024-10-26T15:15:30","modified_gmt":"2024-10-26T12:15:30","slug":"turk-borclar-kanunu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/denizcankizil.tr\/de\/turk-borclar-kanunu\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkisches Obligationenrecht (Gesetz Nr. 6098)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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T\u00dcRK BOR\u00c7LAR KANUNU<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 KISIM<\/h6>
Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler<\/h6>
B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/h6>
Bor\u00e7 \u0130li\u015fkisinin Kaynaklar\u0131<\/h6>
B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 AYIRIM<\/h6>
S\u00f6zle\u015fmeden Do\u011fan Bor\u00e7 \u0130li\u015fkileri<\/h6>

A. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131<\/p>

I. \u0130rade a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131<\/p>

1. Genel olarak<\/p>

MADDE 1-<\/strong>\u00a0S\u00f6zle\u015fme, taraflar\u0131n iradelerini kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ve birbirine uygun olarak a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131yla kurulur.<\/p>

\u0130rade a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131k veya \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc olabilir.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

2. \u0130kinci derecedeki noktalar<\/p>

MADDE 2-<\/strong>\u00a0Taraflar s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin esasl\u0131 noktalar\u0131nda uyu\u015fmu\u015flarsa, ikinci derecedeki noktalar \u00fczerinde durulmam\u0131\u015f olsa bile, s\u00f6zle\u015fme kurulmu\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

\u0130kinci derecedeki noktalarda uyu\u015fulamazsa h\u00e2kim, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fin \u00f6zelli\u011fine bakarak karara ba\u011flar.<\/p>

S\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin \u015fekline ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/h2>

II. \u00d6neri ve kabul<\/h2>

1. S\u00fcreli \u00f6neri<\/h2>

MADDE 3-<\/strong>\u00a0Kabul i\u00e7in s\u00fcre belirleyerek bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6neren, bu s\u00fcrenin sona ermesine kadar \u00f6nerisiyle ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

Kabul bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde kendisine ula\u015fmazsa; \u00f6neren, \u00f6nerisiyle ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131ktan kurtulur.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/h2>

2. S\u00fcresiz \u00f6neri<\/h2>

a. Haz\u0131r olanlar aras\u0131nda<\/h2>

MADDE 4-<\/strong>\u00a0Kabul i\u00e7in s\u00fcre belirlenmeksizin haz\u0131r olan bir ki\u015fiye yap\u0131lan \u00f6neri hemen kabul edilmezse; \u00f6neren, \u00f6nerisiyle ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131ktan kurtulur.<\/p>

Telefon, bilgisayar gibi ileti\u015fim sa\u011flayabilen ara\u00e7larla do\u011frudan ileti\u015fim s\u0131ras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u00f6neri, haz\u0131r olanlar aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/h2>

b. Haz\u0131r olmayanlar aras\u0131nda<\/h2>

MADDE 5-<\/strong>\u00a0Kabul i\u00e7in s\u00fcre belirlenmeksizin haz\u0131r olmayan bir ki\u015fiye yap\u0131lan \u00f6neri, zaman\u0131nda ve usul\u00fcne uygun olarak g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f bir yan\u0131t\u0131n ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n beklenebilece\u011fi ana kadar, \u00f6nereni ba\u011flar.<\/p>

\u00d6neren, \u00f6nerisini zaman\u0131nda ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f sayabilir.<\/p>

Zaman\u0131nda g\u00f6nderilen kabul, \u00f6nerene ge\u00e7 ula\u015f\u0131r ve \u00f6neren onunla ba\u011fl\u0131 olmak istemezse, durumu hemen kabul edene bildirmek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/h2>

3. \u00d6rt\u00fcl\u00fc kabul<\/h2>

MADDE 6-<\/strong>\u00a0\u00d6neren, kanun veya i\u015fin \u00f6zelli\u011fi ya da durumun gere\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k bir kabul\u00fc beklemek zorunda de\u011filse, \u00f6neri uygun bir s\u00fcrede reddedilmedi\u011fi takdirde, s\u00f6zle\u015fme kurulmu\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/h2>

4. Ismarlanmayan \u015feyin g\u00f6nderilmesi<\/h2>

MADDE 7-\u00a0<\/strong>Ismarlanmam\u0131\u015f bir \u015feyin g\u00f6nderilmesi \u00f6neri say\u0131lmaz. Bu \u015feyi alan ki\u015fi, onu geri g\u00f6ndermek veya saklamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc de\u011fildir.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/h2>

5. Ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olmayan \u00f6neri ve herkese a\u00e7\u0131k \u00f6neri<\/h2>

MADDE 8-\u00a0<\/strong>\u00d6neren, \u00f6nerisi ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olmama hakk\u0131n\u0131n sakl\u0131 oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtirse veya i\u015fin \u00f6zelli\u011finden ya da durumun gere\u011finden ba\u011flanma niyetinde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rsa, \u00f6nerisi kendisini ba\u011flamaz.<\/p>

Fiyat\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stererek mal sergilenmesi veya tarife, fiyat listesi ya da benzerlerinin g\u00f6nderilmesi, aksi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ve kolayl\u0131kla anla\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a \u00f6neri say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/h2>

\u00a0<\/h2>

6. \u0130lan yoluyla \u00f6d\u00fcl s\u00f6z\u00fc verme<\/h2>

MADDE 9-\u00a0<\/strong>Bir sonucun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6d\u00fcl verece\u011fini ilan yoluyla duyuran kimse, s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc yerine getirmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

\u00d6d\u00fcl s\u00f6z\u00fc veren, sonucun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesinden \u00f6nce s\u00f6z\u00fcnden cayarsa veya sonucun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini engellerse, d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131na uygun olarak yap\u0131lan giderleri \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ancak, bir ya da birden \u00e7ok ki\u015fiye \u00f6denecek giderlerin toplam\u0131, \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn de\u011ferini a\u015famaz.<\/p>

\u00d6d\u00fcl s\u00f6z\u00fc veren, giderlerinin \u00f6denmesini isteyenlerin beklenen sonucu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiremeyeceklerini ispat ederse, giderleri \u00f6deme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden kurtulur.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

7. \u00d6nerinin ve kabul\u00fcn geri al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/p>

MADDE 10-\u00a0Geri alma a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131, di\u011fer tarafa \u00f6neriden \u00f6nce veya ayn\u0131 anda ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f ya da daha sonra ula\u015fmakla birlikte di\u011fer taraf\u00e7a \u00f6neriden \u00f6nce \u00f6\u011frenilmi\u015f olursa, \u00f6neri yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

Bu kural, kabul\u00fcn geri al\u0131nmas\u0131nda da uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

III. Haz\u0131r olmayanlar aras\u0131nda kurulan s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin h\u00fck\u00fcm an\u0131<\/h2>

MADDE 11-\u00a0<\/strong>Haz\u0131r olmayanlar aras\u0131nda kurulan s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler, kabul\u00fcn g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi andan ba\u015flayarak h\u00fck\u00fcm do\u011furur.<\/p>

A\u00e7\u0131k bir kabul\u00fcn gerekli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda, s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6nerinin ula\u015fma an\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak h\u00fck\u00fcm do\u011furur.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/h2>

B. S\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin \u015fekli<\/h2>

I. Genel kural<\/h2>

MADDE 12-\u00a0<\/strong>S\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi, kanunda aksi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmedik\u00e7e, hi\u00e7bir \u015fekle ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>

Kanunda s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u015fekil, kural olarak ge\u00e7erlilik \u015feklidir. \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u015fekle uyulmaks\u0131z\u0131n kurulan s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler h\u00fck\u00fcm do\u011furmaz.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/h2>

II. Yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekil<\/h2>

1. Yasal \u015fekil<\/h2>

a. Kapsam\u0131<\/h2>

MADDE 13-\u00a0<\/strong>Kanunda yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinde de yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekle uyulmas\u0131 zorunludur. Ancak, s\u00f6zle\u015fme metniyle \u00e7eli\u015fmeyen tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 yan h\u00fck\u00fcmler bu kural\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>

Bu kural, yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekil d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ge\u00e7erlilik \u015fekilleri hakk\u0131nda da uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/h2>

b. Unsurlar\u0131<\/h2>

MADDE 14-\u00a0<\/strong>Yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde bor\u00e7 alt\u0131na girenlerin imzalar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 zorunludur.<\/p>

Kanunda aksi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmedik\u00e7e,\u00a0imzal\u0131 bir mektup, as\u0131llar\u0131 bor\u00e7 alt\u0131na girenlerce imzalanm\u0131\u015f telgraf, teyit edilmi\u015f olmalar\u0131 kayd\u0131yla faks veya buna benzer ileti\u015fim ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ya da g\u00fcvenli elektronik imza ile g\u00f6nderilip saklanabilen metinler de yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekil yerine ge\u00e7er.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/h2>

c. \u0130mza<\/h2>

MADDE 15-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0130mzan\u0131n, bor\u00e7 alt\u0131na girenin el yaz\u0131s\u0131yla at\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunludur. G\u00fcvenli elektronik imza da, el yaz\u0131s\u0131yla at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f imzan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011furur.<\/p>

\u0130mzan\u0131n el yaz\u0131s\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir ara\u00e7la at\u0131lmas\u0131, ancak \u00f6rf ve \u00e2det\u00e7e kabul edilen durumlarda ve \u00f6zellikle \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan k\u0131ymetli evrak\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131nda yeterli say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

(De\u011fi\u015fik f\u0131kra: 13\/2\/2011-6111\/213 md.)<\/strong>\u00a0G\u00f6rme engellilerin talepleri halinde imzalar\u0131nda \u015fahit aran\u0131r. Aksi takdirde g\u00f6rme engellilerin imzalar\u0131n\u0131 el yaz\u0131s\u0131 ile atmalar\u0131 yeterlidir.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>

d. \u0130mza yerine ge\u00e7en i\u015faretler<\/p>

MADDE 16-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0130mza atamayanlar, imza yerine usul\u00fcne g\u00f6re onaylanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ko\u015fuluyla, parmak izi, el ile yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir i\u015faret ya da m\u00fch\u00fcr kullanabilirler.<\/p>

Kambiyo senetlerine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

2. \u0130radi \u015fekil<\/h2>

MADDE 17-\u00a0<\/strong>Kanunda \u015fekle ba\u011flanmam\u0131\u015f bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin taraflarca belirli bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, belirlenen \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmayan s\u00f6zle\u015fme taraflar\u0131 ba\u011flamaz.<\/p>

Herhangi bir belirleme olmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekil kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, yasal yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekle ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/h2>

C. Bor\u00e7 tan\u0131mas\u0131<\/h2>

MADDE 18-\u00a0Borcun sebebini i\u00e7ermemi\u015f olsa bile bor\u00e7 tan\u0131mas\u0131 ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

D. S\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin yorumu, muvazaal\u0131 i\u015flemler<\/h2>

MADDE 19-\u00a0<\/strong>Bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ve i\u00e7eri\u011finin belirlenmesinde ve yorumlanmas\u0131nda, taraflar\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla veya ger\u00e7ek ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 gizlemek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fcklere bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n, ger\u00e7ek ve ortak iradeleri esas al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>

Bor\u00e7lu, yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir bor\u00e7 tan\u0131mas\u0131na g\u00fcvenerek alaca\u011f\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015f olan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye kar\u015f\u0131, bu i\u015flemin muvazaal\u0131 oldu\u011fu savunmas\u0131nda bulunamaz.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/h2>

E. Genel i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131<\/h2>

I. Genel olarak<\/h2>

MADDE 20-<\/strong>\u00a0Genel i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131, bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme yap\u0131l\u0131rken d\u00fczenleyenin, ileride \u00e7ok say\u0131daki benzer s\u00f6zle\u015fmede kullanmak amac\u0131yla, \u00f6nceden, tek ba\u015f\u0131na haz\u0131rlayarak kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa sundu\u011fu s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmleridir. Bu ko\u015fullar\u0131n, s\u00f6zle\u015fme metninde veya ekinde yer almas\u0131, kapsam\u0131, yaz\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc ve \u015fekli, nitelendirmede \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maz.<\/p>

Ayn\u0131 ama\u00e7la d\u00fczenlenen s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin metinlerinin \u00f6zde\u015f olmamas\u0131, bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin i\u00e7erdi\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin, genel i\u015flem ko\u015fulu say\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemez.<\/p>

Genel i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131 i\u00e7eren s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye veya ayr\u0131 bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye konulan bu ko\u015fullar\u0131n her birinin tart\u0131\u015f\u0131larak kabul edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin kay\u0131tlar, tek ba\u015f\u0131na, onlar\u0131 genel i\u015flem ko\u015fulu olmaktan \u00e7\u0131karmaz.<\/p>

Genel i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131yla ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmler, sunduklar\u0131 hizmetleri kanun veya yetkili makamlar taraf\u0131ndan verilen izinle y\u00fcr\u00fctmekte olan ki\u015fi ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n haz\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelere de, niteliklerine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/h2>

II. Kapsam\u0131<\/h2>

1. Yaz\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131lma<\/h2>

MADDE 21-\u00a0<\/strong>Kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n menfaatine ayk\u0131r\u0131 genel i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kapsam\u0131na girmesi, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda d\u00fczenleyenin kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa, bu ko\u015fullar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bilgi verip, bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenme imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131na ve kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n da bu ko\u015fullar\u0131 kabul etmesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Aksi takdirde, genel i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131 yaz\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin niteli\u011fine ve i\u015fin \u00f6zelli\u011fine yabanc\u0131 olan genel i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131 da yaz\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

2. Yaz\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131lman\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye etkisi<\/h2>

MADDE 22<\/strong>– S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yaz\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131lan genel i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini korur. Bu durumda d\u00fczenleyen, yaz\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131lan ko\u015fullar olmasayd\u0131 di\u011fer h\u00fck\u00fcmlerle s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi yapmayacak oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcremez.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/h2>

III. Yorumlanmas\u0131<\/h2>

MADDE 23-\u00a0Genel i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131nda yer alan bir h\u00fck\u00fcm, a\u00e7\u0131k ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r de\u011filse veya birden \u00e7ok anlama geliyorsa, d\u00fczenleyenin aleyhine ve kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n lehine yorumlan\u0131r.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/h2>

IV. De\u011fi\u015ftirme yasa\u011f\u0131<\/h2>

MADDE 24-\u00a0Genel i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmede veya ayr\u0131 bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmede yer alan ve d\u00fczenleyene tek yanl\u0131 olarak kar\u015f\u0131 taraf aleyhine genel i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131 i\u00e7eren s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin bir h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftirme ya da yeni d\u00fczenleme getirme yetkisi veren kay\u0131tlar yaz\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/h2>

V. \u0130\u00e7erik denetimi<\/h2>

MADDE 25-\u00a0Genel i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131na, d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n aleyhine veya onun durumunu a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 nitelikte h\u00fck\u00fcmler konulamaz.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/h2>

F. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin i\u00e7eri\u011fi<\/h2>

I. S\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/h2>

MADDE 26-\u00a0Taraflar, bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin i\u00e7eri\u011fini kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde \u00f6zg\u00fcrce belirleyebilirler.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/h2>

II. Kesin h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fck<\/h2>

MADDE 27-\u00a0<\/strong>Kanunun emredici h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine, ahlaka, kamu d\u00fczenine, ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 veya konusu imk\u00e2ns\u0131z olan s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler kesin olarak h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczd\u00fcr.<\/p>

S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin i\u00e7erdi\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerden bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz olmas\u0131, di\u011ferlerinin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini etkilemez. Ancak, bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler olmaks\u0131z\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yap\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rsa, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin tamam\u0131 kesin olarak h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz olur.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/h2>

III. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 yararlanma<\/h2>

MADDE 28-\u00a0Bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmede kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 edimler aras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k bir orans\u0131zl\u0131k varsa, bu orans\u0131zl\u0131k, zarar g\u00f6renin zor durumda kalmas\u0131ndan veya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesizli\u011finden ya da deneyimsizli\u011finden yararlan\u0131lmak suretiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi takdirde, zarar g\u00f6ren, durumun \u00f6zelli\u011fine g\u00f6re ya s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 di\u011fer tarafa bildirerek ediminin geri verilmesini ya da s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ba\u011fl\u0131 kalarak edimler aras\u0131ndaki orans\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesini isteyebilir.<\/p>

Zarar g\u00f6ren bu hakk\u0131n\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesizlik veya deneyimsizli\u011fini \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi; zor durumda kalmada ise, bu durumun ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten ba\u015flayarak bir y\u0131l ve her h\u00e2lde s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kuruldu\u011fu tarihten ba\u015flayarak be\u015f y\u0131l i\u00e7inde kullanabilir.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

IV. \u00d6ns\u00f6zle\u015fme<\/h2>

MADDE 29-\u00a0<\/strong>Bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ileride kurulmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>

Kanunlarda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen istisnalar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, \u00f6ns\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi, ileride kurulacak s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin \u015fekline ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/h2>

G. \u0130rade bozukluklar\u0131<\/h2>

I. Yan\u0131lma<\/h2>

1. Yan\u0131lman\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/h2>

MADDE 30-\u00a0S\u00f6zle\u015fme kurulurken esasl\u0131 yan\u0131lmaya d\u00fc\u015fen taraf, s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olmaz.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/h2>

2. Yan\u0131lma h\u00e2lleri<\/h2>

a. A\u00e7\u0131klamada yan\u0131lma<\/h2>

MADDE 31-\u00a0<\/strong>\u00d6zellikle a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da say\u0131lan yan\u0131lma h\u00e2lleri esasl\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>

1. Yan\u0131lan, kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi\u011fi s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden ba\u015fka bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme i\u00e7in iradesini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015fsa.<\/p>

  1. Yan\u0131lan, istedi\u011finden ba\u015fka bir konu i\u00e7in iradesini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015fsa.<\/li>
  2. Yan\u0131lan, s\u00f6zle\u015fme yapma iradesini, ger\u00e7ekte s\u00f6zle\u015fme yapmak istedi\u011fi ki\u015fiden ba\u015fkas\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015fsa.<\/li>
  3. Yan\u0131lan, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi yaparken belirli nitelikleri olan bir ki\u015fiyi dikkate almas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n ba\u015fka bir ki\u015fi i\u00e7in iradesini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015fsa.<\/li>
  4. Yan\u0131lan, ger\u00e7ekte \u00fcstlenmek istedi\u011finden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde fazla bir edim i\u00e7in veya ger\u00e7ekte istedi\u011finden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde az bir kar\u015f\u0131 edim i\u00e7in iradesini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015fsa.<\/li><\/ol>

    Basit hesap yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini etkilemez; bunlar\u0131n d\u00fczeltilmesi ile yetinilir.<\/p>

    \u00a0<\/h2>

    b. Saikte yan\u0131lma<\/h2>

    MADDE 32-\u00a0<\/strong>Saikte yan\u0131lma, esasl\u0131 yan\u0131lma say\u0131lmaz. Yan\u0131lan\u0131n, yan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 saiki s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin temeli saymas\u0131 ve bunun da i\u015f ili\u015fkilerinde ge\u00e7erli d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131na uygun olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde yan\u0131lma esasl\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak bu durumun kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u00e7a da bilinebilir olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>

    \u00a0<\/h2>

    c. \u0130letmede yan\u0131lma<\/h2>

    MADDE 33-\u00a0S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik iradenin haberci veya \u00e7evirmen gibi bir arac\u0131 ya da bir ara\u00e7 taraf\u0131ndan yanl\u0131\u015f iletilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde de yan\u0131lma h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

    \u00a0<\/h2>

    3. Yan\u0131lmada d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131<\/h2>

    MADDE 34-\u00a0<\/strong>Yan\u0131lan, yan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak ileri s\u00fcremez.<\/p>

    \u00d6zellikle di\u011fer taraf\u0131n, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yan\u0131lan\u0131n kasdetti\u011fi anlamda kurulmas\u0131na raz\u0131 oldu\u011funu bildirmesi durumunda, s\u00f6zle\u015fme bu anlamda kurulmu\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

    4. Yan\u0131lmada kusur<\/h2>

    MADDE 35-\u00a0<\/strong>Yan\u0131lan, yan\u0131lmas\u0131nda kusurlu ise, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden do\u011fan zarar\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ancak, di\u011fer taraf yan\u0131lmay\u0131 biliyor veya bilmesi gerekiyorsa, tazminat istenemez.<\/p>

    H\u00e2kim, hakkaniyetin gerektirdi\u011fi durumlarda, ifadan beklenen yarar\u0131 a\u015fmamak kayd\u0131yla, daha fazla tazminata h\u00fckmedebilir.<\/p>

    \u00a0<\/h2>

    II. Aldatma<\/h2>

    MADDE 36-\u00a0<\/strong>Taraflardan biri, di\u011ferinin aldatmas\u0131 sonucu bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme yapm\u0131\u015fsa, yan\u0131lmas\u0131 esasl\u0131 olmasa bile, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>

    \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015finin aldatmas\u0131 sonucu bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme yapan taraf, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n aldatmay\u0131 bilmesi veya bilecek durumda olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>

    \u00a0<\/h2>

    III. Korkutma<\/h2>

    1. H\u00fckm\u00fc<\/h2>

    MADDE 37-\u00a0<\/strong>Taraflardan biri, di\u011ferinin veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015finin korkutmas\u0131 sonucu bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme yapm\u0131\u015fsa, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>

    Korkutan bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi olup da di\u011fer taraf korkutmay\u0131 bilmiyorsa veya bilecek durumda de\u011filse, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmak istemeyen korkutulan, hakkaniyet gerektiriyorsa, di\u011fer tarafa tazminat \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

    \u00a0<\/h2>

    2. Ko\u015fullar\u0131<\/h2>

    MADDE 38-\u00a0<\/strong>Korkutulan, i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu durum bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kendisinin veya yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndan birinin ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na ya da malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik a\u011f\u0131r ve yak\u0131n bir zarar tehlikesinin do\u011fdu\u011funa inanmakta hakl\u0131 ise, korkutma ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

    Bir hakk\u0131n veya kanundan do\u011fan bir yetkinin kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 korkutmas\u0131yla s\u00f6zle\u015fme yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu hakk\u0131 veya yetkiyi kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayan\u0131n, di\u011fer taraf\u0131n zor durumda kalmas\u0131ndan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir menfaat sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, korkutman\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilir.<\/p>

    \u00a0<\/h2>

    IV. \u0130rade bozuklu\u011funun giderilmesi<\/h2>

    MADDE 39-\u00a0<\/strong>Yan\u0131lma veya aldatma sebebiyle ya da korkutulma sonucunda s\u00f6zle\u015fme yapan taraf, yan\u0131lma veya aldatmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi ya da korkutman\u0131n etkisinin ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 andan ba\u015flayarak bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirmez veya verdi\u011fi \u015feyi geri istemezse, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi onam\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

    Aldatma veya korkutmadan dolay\u0131 ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmayan bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin onanm\u0131\u015f say\u0131lmas\u0131, tazminat hakk\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmaz.<\/p>

    \u00a0<\/h2>

    H. Temsil<\/h2>

    I. Yetkili temsil<\/h2>

    1. Genel olarak<\/h2>

    a. Temsilin h\u00fckm\u00fc<\/h2>

    MADDE 40-\u00a0<\/strong>Yetkili bir temsilci taraf\u0131ndan bir ba\u015fkas\u0131 ad\u0131na ve hesab\u0131na yap\u0131lan hukuki i\u015flemin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya temsil olunan\u0131 ba\u011flar.<\/p>

    Temsilci, hukuki i\u015flemi yaparken bu s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 bildirmezse, hukuki i\u015flemin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 kendisine ait olur. Ancak, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf bir temsil ili\u015fkisinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 durumdan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor veya \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 gerekiyor ya da hukuki i\u015flemi temsilci veya temsil olunandan biri ile yapmas\u0131 farks\u0131z ise, hukuki i\u015flemin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011frudan do\u011fruya temsil olunana ait olur.<\/p>

    Di\u011fer durumlarda alaca\u011f\u0131n devri veya borcun \u00fcstlenilmesine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

    \u00a0<\/h2>

    b. Temsil yetkisinin i\u00e7eri\u011fi ve derecesi<\/h2>

    MADDE 41-\u00a0<\/strong>Ba\u015fkas\u0131 ad\u0131na ve hesab\u0131na temsil kamu hukukundan do\u011fmu\u015fsa, temsil yetkisinin i\u00e7eri\u011fi ve derecesi bu konudaki yasal h\u00fck\u00fcmlere; temsil hukuksal bir i\u015flemden do\u011fmu\u015fsa, temsil yetkisinin i\u00e7eri\u011fi ve derecesi o hukuksal i\u015fleme g\u00f6re belirlenir.<\/p>

    Temsil yetkisi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere bildirilmi\u015fse temsil yetkisinin i\u00e7eri\u011fi ve derecesi, bu bildirime g\u00f6re belirlenir.<\/p>

    \u00a0<\/h2>

    2. Hukuki i\u015flemden do\u011fan yetki<\/h2>

    a. Yetkinin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ve geri al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/h2>

    MADDE 42-\u00a0<\/strong>Temsil olunan, hukuki bir i\u015flemden do\u011fan temsil yetkisini her zaman s\u0131n\u0131rlayabilir veya geri alabilir. Ancak, taraflar aras\u0131ndaki hizmet, vek\u00e2let veya ortakl\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri gibi hukuki ili\u015fkilerden do\u011fabilecek haklar sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

    Temsil olunan, bu hakk\u0131ndan \u00f6nceden feragat edemez.<\/p>

    Temsil olunan verdi\u011fi yetkiyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a veya dolayl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde bildirmi\u015fse, bu yetkiyi tamamen veya k\u0131smen geri ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 onlara bildirmedi\u011fi takdirde, yetkinin geri al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iyiniyetli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcremez.<\/p>

    \u00a0<\/h2>

    b. \u00d6l\u00fcm, ehliyetsizlik ve di\u011fer durumlar<\/h2>

    MADDE 43-\u00a0<\/strong>Hukuki i\u015flemden do\u011fan temsil yetkisi, aksi taraflarca kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a veya i\u015fin \u00f6zelli\u011finden anla\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a, temsil olunan\u0131n veya temsilcinin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, gaipli\u011fine karar verilmesi, fiil ehliyetini kaybetmesi veya iflas etmesi durumlar\u0131nda sona erer.<\/p>

    Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, bir t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fin sona ermesi durumunda da uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

    Taraflar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ki\u015fisel haklar\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

    \u00a0<\/h2>

    c. Yetki belgesinin geri verilmesi<\/h2>

    MADDE 44-\u00a0<\/strong>Temsilciye yetki belgesi verilmi\u015fse, yetkinin sona ermesi durumunda temsilci, bu belgeyi temsil olunana geri vermekle veya h\u00e2kimin belirleyece\u011fi yere b\u0131rakmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

    Temsil olunan veya halefleri, temsilcinin belgeyi geri vermesi i\u00e7in gerekeni yapmazlarsa, bundan dolay\u0131 iyiniyetli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin zarar\u0131n\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcrler.<\/p>

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

    d. Yetkinin sona erdi\u011finin ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclememesi<\/h2>

    MADDE 45-\u00a0<\/strong>Temsilci, yetkisinin sona ermi\u015f oldu\u011funu bilmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece, temsil olunan veya halefleri, temsilcinin yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu hukuki i\u015flemlerin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131rlar.<\/p>

    Bu kural, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin yetkinin sona ermi\u015f oldu\u011funu bildikleri durumlarda uygulanmaz.<\/p>

    \u00a0<\/h2>

    II. Yetkisiz temsil<\/h2>

    1. Onama h\u00e2linde<\/h2>

    MADDE 46-\u00a0<\/strong>Bir kimse yetkisi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2lde temsilci olarak bir hukuki i\u015flem yaparsa, bu i\u015flem ancak onad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde temsil olunan\u0131 ba\u011flar.<\/p>

    Yetkisiz temsilcinin kendisiyle i\u015flem yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer taraf, temsil olunandan, uygun bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde bu hukuki i\u015flemi onay\u0131p onamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirmesini isteyebilir. Bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde i\u015flemin onanmamas\u0131 durumunda, di\u011fer taraf bu i\u015flemle ba\u011fl\u0131 olmaktan kurtulur.<\/p>

    \u00a0<\/h2>

    2. Onamama h\u00e2linde<\/h2>

    MADDE 47-<\/strong>\u00a0Temsil olunan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k veya \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc olarak hukuki i\u015flemi onamamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, bu i\u015flemin ge\u00e7ersiz olmas\u0131ndan do\u011fan zarar\u0131n giderilmesi, yetkisiz temsilciden istenebilir. Ancak, yetkisiz temsilci, i\u015flemin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n, kendisinin yetkisiz oldu\u011funu bildi\u011fini veya bilmesi gerekti\u011fini ispat ederse, kendisinden zarar\u0131n giderilmesi istenemez.<\/p>

    Hakkaniyet gerektiriyorsa, kusurlu yetkisiz temsilciden di\u011fer zararlar\u0131n giderilmesi de istenebilir.<\/p>

    Sebepsiz zenginle\u015fmeden do\u011fan haklar sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

    \u00a0<\/h2>

    III. Sakl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler<\/h2>

    MADDE 48-\u00a0<\/strong>Ortakl\u0131k temsilcileri ile organlar\u0131n\u0131n ve ticari vekillerin yetkisine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

    \u00a0<\/p>

    \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 AYIRIM<\/h2>

    Haks\u0131z Fiillerden Do\u011fan Bor\u00e7 \u0130li\u015fkileri<\/h2>

    A. Sorumluluk<\/h2>

    I. Genel olarak<\/h2>

    MADDE 49-\u00a0<\/strong>Kusurlu ve hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir fiille ba\u015fkas\u0131na zarar veren, bu zarar\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

    Zarar verici fiili yasaklayan bir hukuk kural\u0131 bulunmasa bile, ahlaka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir fiille ba\u015fkas\u0131na kasten zarar veren de, bu zarar\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

    II. Zarar\u0131n ve kusurun ispat\u0131<\/h2>

    MADDE 50-\u00a0<\/strong>Zarar g\u00f6ren, zarar\u0131n\u0131 ve zarar verenin kusurunu ispat y\u00fck\u00fc alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>

    U\u011fran\u0131lan zarar\u0131n miktar\u0131 tam olarak ispat edilemiyorsa h\u00e2kim, olaylar\u0131n ola\u011fan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve zarar g\u00f6renin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nlemleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutarak, zarar\u0131n miktar\u0131n\u0131 hakkaniyete uygun olarak belirler.<\/p>

    \u00a0<\/h2>

    III. Tazminat<\/h2>

    1. Belirlenmesi<\/h2>

    MADDE 51-\u00a0<\/strong>H\u00e2kim, tazminat\u0131n kapsam\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6denme bi\u00e7imini, durumun gere\u011fini ve \u00f6zellikle kusurun a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne alarak belirler.<\/p>

    Tazminat\u0131n irat bi\u00e7iminde \u00f6denmesine h\u00fckmedilirse, bor\u00e7lu g\u00fcvence g\u00f6stermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

    \u00a0<\/h2>

    2. \u0130ndirilmesi<\/h2>

    MADDE 52-\u00a0<\/strong>Zarar g\u00f6ren, zarar\u0131 do\u011furan fiile raz\u0131 olmu\u015f veya zarar\u0131n do\u011fmas\u0131nda ya da artmas\u0131nda etkili olmu\u015f yahut tazminat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00a0durumunu a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ise h\u00e2kim,\u00a0tazminat\u0131 indirebilir veya tamamen kald\u0131rabilir.<\/p>

    Zarara hafif kusuruyla sebep olan tazminat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcs\u00fc, tazminat\u0131 \u00f6dedi\u011finde yoksullu\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fecek olur ve hakkaniyet de gerektirirse h\u00e2kim, tazminat\u0131 indirebilir.<\/p>

    \u00a0<\/h2>

    IV. \u00d6zel durumlar<\/h2>

    1. \u00d6l\u00fcm ve bedensel zarar<\/h2>
    1. \u00d6l\u00fcm<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

      MADDE 53-<\/strong>\u00a0\u00d6l\u00fcm h\u00e2linde u\u011fran\u0131lan zararlar \u00f6zellikle \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>

      1. Cenaze giderleri.<\/li>
      2. \u00d6l\u00fcm hemen ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemi\u015fse tedavi giderleri ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn azalmas\u0131ndan ya da yitirilmesinden do\u011fan kay\u0131plar.<\/li><\/ol>

        3. \u00d6lenin deste\u011finden yoksun kalan ki\u015filerin bu sebeple u\u011frad\u0131klar\u0131 kay\u0131plar.<\/p>

        \u00a0<\/h2>

        b. Bedensel zarar<\/h2>

        MADDE 54-\u00a0<\/strong>Bedensel zararlar \u00f6zellikle \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>

        1. Tedavi giderleri.<\/li>
        2. Kazan\u00e7 kayb\u0131.<\/li>
        3. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn azalmas\u0131ndan ya da yitirilmesinden do\u011fan kay\u0131plar.<\/li>
        4. Ekonomik gelece\u011fin sars\u0131lmas\u0131ndan do\u011fan kay\u0131plar.<\/li><\/ol>

          \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

          1. Belirlenmesi<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

            MADDE 55-\u00a0<\/strong>Destekten yoksun kalma zararlar\u0131 ile bedensel zararlar, bu Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ve sorumluluk hukuku ilkelerine g\u00f6re hesaplan\u0131r. K\u0131smen veya tamamen r\u00fccu edilemeyen sosyal g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6demeleri ile ifa amac\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mayan \u00f6demeler, bu t\u00fcr zararlar\u0131n belirlenmesinde g\u00f6zetilemez; zarar veya tazminattan indirilemez. Hesaplanan tazminat, miktar esas al\u0131narak hakkaniyet d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ile art\u0131r\u0131lamaz veya azalt\u0131lamaz.<\/p>

            Bu Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc idari eylem ve i\u015flemler ile idarenin sorumlu oldu\u011fu di\u011fer sebeplerin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u00fccut b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u0131smen veya tamamen yitirilmesine ya da ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 zararlara ili\u015fkin istem ve davalarda da uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

            \u00a0<\/p>

            d. Manevi tazminat<\/h2>

            MADDE 56-<\/strong>\u00a0H\u00e2kim, bir kimsenin bedensel b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn zedelenmesi durumunda, olay\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutarak, zarar g\u00f6rene uygun bir miktar paran\u0131n manevi tazminat olarak \u00f6denmesine karar verebilir.<\/p>

            A\u011f\u0131r bedensel zarar veya \u00f6l\u00fcm h\u00e2linde, zarar g\u00f6renin veya \u00f6lenin yak\u0131nlar\u0131na da manevi tazminat olarak uygun bir miktar paran\u0131n \u00f6denmesine karar verilebilir.<\/h2>

            \u00a0<\/h2>

            2. Haks\u0131z rekabet<\/h2>

            MADDE 57-\u00a0<\/strong>Ger\u00e7ek olmayan haberlerin yay\u0131lmas\u0131 veya bu t\u00fcr ilanlar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ya da d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 di\u011fer davran\u0131\u015flarda bulunulmas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden m\u00fc\u015fterileri azalan veya onlar\u0131 kaybetme tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fan ki\u015fi, bu davran\u0131\u015flara son verilmesini ve kusurun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2linde zarar\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesini isteyebilir.<\/p>

            Ticari i\u015flere ait haks\u0131z rekabet hakk\u0131nda T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmleri sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

            \u00a0<\/h2>

            3. Ki\u015filik hakk\u0131n\u0131n zedelenmesi<\/h2>

            MADDE 58-<\/strong>\u00a0Ki\u015filik hakk\u0131n\u0131n zedelenmesinden zarar g\u00f6ren, u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 manevi zarara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k manevi tazminat ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda bir miktar para \u00f6denmesini isteyebilir.<\/p>

            H\u00e2kim, bu tazminat\u0131n \u00f6denmesi yerine, di\u011fer bir giderim bi\u00e7imi kararla\u015ft\u0131rabilir veya bu tazminata ekleyebilir; \u00f6zellikle sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 k\u0131nayan bir karar verebilir ve bu karar\u0131n yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131na h\u00fckmedebilir.<\/h2>

            \u00a0<\/h2>

            4. Ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn ge\u00e7ici kayb\u0131<\/h2>

            MADDE 59-\u00a0Ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ge\u00e7ici olarak kaybeden ki\u015fi, bu s\u0131rada verdi\u011fi zararlar\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ancak, ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kaybetmede kusuru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispat ederse, sorumluluktan kurtulur.<\/h2>

            \u00a0<\/h2>

            V. Sorumluluk sebeplerinin \u00e7oklu\u011fu<\/h2>

            1. Sebeplerin yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/h2>

            MADDE 60-\u00a0Bir ki\u015finin sorumlulu\u011fu, birden \u00e7ok sebebe dayand\u0131r\u0131labiliyorsa h\u00e2kim, zarar g\u00f6ren aksini istemi\u015f olmad\u0131k\u00e7a veya kanunda aksi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmedik\u00e7e, zarar g\u00f6rene en iyi giderim imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flayan sorumluluk sebebine g\u00f6re karar verir.<\/h2>

            \u00a0<\/h2>

            2. M\u00fcteselsil sorumluluk<\/h2>

            a. D\u0131\u015f ili\u015fkide<\/h2>

            MADDE 61-<\/strong>\u00a0Birden \u00e7ok ki\u015fi birlikte bir zarara sebebiyet verdikleri veya ayn\u0131 zarardan \u00e7e\u015fitli sebeplerden dolay\u0131 sorumlu olduklar\u0131 takdirde, haklar\u0131nda m\u00fcteselsil sorumlulu\u011fa ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

            \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

            b. \u0130\u00e7 ili\u015fkide<\/h2>

            MADDE 62-\u00a0<\/strong>Tazminat\u0131n ayn\u0131 zarardan sorumlu m\u00fcteselsil bor\u00e7lular aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda, b\u00fct\u00fcn durum ve ko\u015fullar, \u00f6zellikle onlardan her birine y\u00fcklenebilecek kusurun a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 tehlikenin yo\u011funlu\u011fu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulur.<\/p>

            Tazminat\u0131n kendi pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015feninden fazlas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6deyen ki\u015fi, bu fazla \u00f6demesi i\u00e7in, di\u011fer m\u00fcteselsil sorumlulara kar\u015f\u0131 r\u00fccu hakk\u0131na sahip ve zarar g\u00f6renin haklar\u0131na halef olur.<\/h2>

            \u00a0<\/h2>

            VI. Hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kald\u0131ran h\u00e2ller<\/h2>
            1. Genel olarak<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

              MADDE 63-<\/strong>\u00a0Kanunun verdi\u011fi yetkiye dayanan ve bu yetkinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalan bir fiil, zarara yol a\u00e7sa bile, hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131lmaz.<\/p>

              Zarar g\u00f6renin r\u0131zas\u0131, daha \u00fcst\u00fcn nitelikte \u00f6zel veya kamusal yarar, zarar verenin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n hakl\u0131 savunma niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131, yetkili kamu makamlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdahalesinin zaman\u0131nda sa\u011flanamayacak olmas\u0131 durumunda ki\u015finin hakk\u0131n\u0131 kendi g\u00fcc\u00fcyle korumas\u0131 veya zorunluluk h\u00e2llerinde de fiil, hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131lmaz.<\/p>

              \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

              1. Sorumluluk<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                MADDE 64-\u00a0<\/strong>Hakl\u0131 savunmada bulunan, sald\u0131ran\u0131n \u015fahs\u0131na veya mallar\u0131na verdi\u011fi zarardan sorumlu tutulamaz.<\/p>

                Kendisini veya ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k ya da yak\u0131n bir zarar tehlikesinden korumak i\u00e7in di\u011fer bir ki\u015finin mallar\u0131na zarar verenin, bu zarar\u0131 giderim y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc h\u00e2kim hakkaniyete g\u00f6re belirler.<\/h2>

                Hakk\u0131n\u0131 kendi g\u00fcc\u00fcyle koruma durumunda kalan ki\u015fi, durum ve ko\u015fullara g\u00f6re o s\u0131rada kolluk g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 zaman\u0131nda sa\u011flayamayacak ise ve hakk\u0131n\u0131n kayba u\u011framas\u0131n\u0131 ya da kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde zorla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyecek ba\u015fka bir yol da yoksa, verdi\u011fi zarardan sorumlu tutulamaz.<\/p>

                \u00a0<\/p>

                B. Kusursuz sorumluluk<\/h2>

                I. Hakkaniyet sorumlulu\u011fu<\/h2>

                MADDE 65-<\/strong>\u00a0Hakkaniyet gerektiriyorsa; h\u00e2kim, ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc bulunmayan ki\u015finin verdi\u011fi zarar\u0131n, tamamen veya k\u0131smen giderilmesine karar verir.<\/p>

                \u00a0<\/p>

                II. \u00d6zen sorumlulu\u011fu<\/h2>

                1. Adam \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu<\/h2>

                MADDE 66-<\/strong>\u00a0Adam \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n, kendisine verilen i\u015fin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ba\u015fkalar\u0131na verdi\u011fi zarar\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                Adam \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7erken, i\u015fiyle ilgili talimat verirken, g\u00f6zetim ve denetimde bulunurken, zarar\u0131n do\u011fmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in gerekli \u00f6zeni g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini ispat ederse, sorumlu olmaz.<\/p>

                Bir i\u015fletmede adam \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran, i\u015fletmenin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeninin zarar\u0131n do\u011fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye elveri\u015fli oldu\u011funu ispat etmedik\u00e7e, o i\u015fletmenin faaliyetleri dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sebep olunan zarar\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                Adam \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran, \u00f6dedi\u011fi tazminat i\u00e7in, zarar veren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana, ancak onun bizzat sorumlu oldu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde r\u00fccu hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>

                \u00a0<\/p>

                2. Hayvan bulunduran\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu<\/h2>

                a. Giderim y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/h2>

                MADDE 67-<\/strong>\u00a0Bir hayvan\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve y\u00f6netimini s\u00fcrekli veya ge\u00e7ici olarak \u00fcstlenen ki\u015fi, hayvan\u0131n verdi\u011fi zarar\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                Hayvan bulunduran, bu zarar\u0131n do\u011fmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in gerekli \u00f6zeni g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini ispat ederse\u00a0<\/strong>sorumlu olmaz.<\/p>

                Hayvan, bir ba\u015fkas\u0131 veya bir ba\u015fkas\u0131na ait hayvan taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olursa, hayvan\u0131 bulunduran\u0131n, bu ki\u015filere r\u00fccu hakk\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                \u00a0<\/p>

                b. Al\u0131koyma hakk\u0131<\/h2>

                MADDE 68-\u00a0<\/strong>Bir ki\u015finin hayvan\u0131, ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 \u00fczerinde bir zarar verdi\u011fi takdirde, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n zilyedi, o hayvan\u0131 yakalayabilir, zarar\u0131 giderilinceye kadar al\u0131koyabilir; hatta durum ve ko\u015fullar hakl\u0131 g\u00f6steriyorsa hayvan\u0131 di\u011fer yollarla etkisiz h\u00e2le getirebilir.<\/p>

                Bu durumda, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n zilyedi derh\u00e2l hayvan sahibine bilgi vermek ve sahibini bilmiyorsa, onun bulunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli giri\u015fimleri yapmak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                \u00a0<\/h2>

                3. Yap\u0131 malikinin sorumlulu\u011fu<\/h2>

                a. Giderim y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/h2>

                MADDE 69-<\/strong>\u00a0Bir binan\u0131n veya di\u011fer yap\u0131 eserlerinin maliki, bunlar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131ndaki bozukluklardan veya bak\u0131m\u0131ndaki eksikliklerden do\u011fan zarar\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                \u0130ntifa ve oturma hakk\u0131 sahipleri de, binan\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131ndaki eksikliklerden do\u011fan zararlardan, malikle birlikte m\u00fcteselsilen sorumludurlar.<\/p>

                Sorumlular\u0131n, bu sebeplerle kendilerine kar\u015f\u0131 sorumlu olan di\u011fer ki\u015filere r\u00fccu hakk\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                \u00a0<\/p>

                b. Zarar tehlikesini \u00f6nleme<\/h2>

                MADDE 70-<\/strong>\u00a0Bir ba\u015fkas\u0131na ait bina\u00a0veya di\u011fer yap\u0131 eserlerinden zarar g\u00f6rme tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fan\u00a0ki\u015fi, bu tehlikenin giderilmesi i\u00e7in gerekli \u00f6nlemlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 hak sahiplerinden isteyebilir.<\/p>

                Ki\u015filerin ve mallar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki kamu hukuku kurallar\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                \u00a0<\/p>

                III. Tehlike sorumlulu\u011fu ve denkle\u015ftirme<\/h2>

                MADDE 71-<\/strong>\u00a0\u00d6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tehlike arzeden bir i\u015fletmenin faaliyetinden zarar do\u011fdu\u011fu takdirde, bu zarardan i\u015fletme sahibi ve varsa i\u015fleten m\u00fcteselsilen sorumludur.<\/p>

                Bir i\u015fletmenin, mahiyeti veya faaliyette kullan\u0131lan malzeme, ara\u00e7lar ya da g\u00fc\u00e7ler g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutuldu\u011funda, bu i\u015flerde uzman bir ki\u015fiden beklenen t\u00fcm \u00f6zenin g\u00f6sterilmesi durumunda bile s\u0131k\u00e7a veya a\u011f\u0131r zararlar do\u011furmaya elveri\u015fli oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131l\u0131rsa, bunun \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tehlike arzeden bir i\u015fletme oldu\u011fu kabul edilir. \u00d6zellikle, herhangi bir kanunda benzeri tehlikeler arzeden i\u015fletmeler i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir tehlike sorumlulu\u011fu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fse, bu i\u015fletme de \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tehlike arzeden i\u015fletme say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                Belirli bir tehlike h\u00e2li i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00f6zel sorumluluk h\u00fck\u00fcmleri sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                \u00d6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tehlike arzeden bir i\u015fletmenin bu t\u00fcr faaliyetine hukuk d\u00fczenince izin verilmi\u015f olsa bile, zarar\u00a0g\u00f6renler, bu i\u015fletmenin faaliyetinin\u00a0sebep oldu\u011fu zararlar\u0131n\u0131n uygun bir bedelle denkle\u015ftirilmesini isteyebilirler.<\/p>

                \u00a0<\/p>

                C. Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>

                I. Kural<\/h2>

                MADDE 72-<\/strong>\u00a0Tazminat istemi, zarar g\u00f6renin zarar\u0131 ve tazminat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi tarihten ba\u015flayarak iki y\u0131l\u0131n ve her h\u00e2lde fiilin i\u015flendi\u011fi tarihten ba\u015flayarak on y\u0131l\u0131n ge\u00e7mesiyle zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011frar. Ancak, tazminat ceza kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n daha uzun bir zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc cezay\u0131 gerektiren bir fiilden do\u011fmu\u015fsa, bu zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                Haks\u0131z fiil dolay\u0131s\u0131yla zarar g\u00f6ren bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bir bor\u00e7 do\u011fmu\u015fsa zarar g\u00f6ren, haks\u0131z fiilden do\u011fan tazminat istemi zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015f olsa bile, her zaman bu borcu ifadan ka\u00e7\u0131nabilir.<\/p>

                \u00a0<\/p>

                II. R\u00fccu isteminde<\/h2>

                MADDE 73-<\/strong>\u00a0R\u00fccu istemi, tazminat\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6dendi\u011fi ve birlikte sorumlu ki\u015finin \u00f6\u011frenildi\u011fi tarihten ba\u015flayarak iki y\u0131l\u0131n ve her h\u00e2lde tazminat\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6dendi\u011fi tarihten ba\u015flayarak on y\u0131l\u0131n ge\u00e7mesiyle zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011frar.<\/p>

                Tazminat\u0131n \u00f6denmesi kendisinden istenilen ki\u015fi, durumu birlikte sorumlu oldu\u011fu ki\u015filere bildirmek zorundad\u0131r. Aksi takdirde zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131, bu bildirimin d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131na g\u00f6re yap\u0131labilece\u011fi tarihte i\u015flemeye ba\u015flar.<\/p>

                \u00a0<\/h2>

                D. Yarg\u0131lama<\/h2>

                I. Ceza hukuku ile ili\u015fkisinde<\/h2>

                MADDE 74-<\/strong>\u00a0H\u00e2kim, zarar verenin kusurunun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda karar verirken, ceza hukukunun sorumlulukla ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmleriyle ba\u011fl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, ceza h\u00e2kimi taraf\u0131ndan verilen beraat karar\u0131yla da ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>

                Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, ceza h\u00e2kiminin kusurun de\u011ferlendirilmesine ve zarar\u0131n belirlenmesine ili\u015fkin karar\u0131 da, hukuk h\u00e2kimini ba\u011flamaz.<\/p>

                \u00a0<\/p>

                II. Tazminat h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi<\/h2>

                MADDE 75-\u00a0<\/strong>Bedensel zarar\u0131n kapsam\u0131,\u00a0karar verme s\u0131ras\u0131nda tam olarak\u00a0belirlenemiyorsa h\u00e2kim, karar\u0131n kesinle\u015fmesinden ba\u015flayarak iki y\u0131l i\u00e7inde, tazminat h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftirme yetkisini sakl\u0131 tutabilir.<\/p>

                \u00a0<\/p>

                III. Ge\u00e7ici \u00f6demeler<\/h2>

                MADDE 76-<\/strong>\u00a0Zarar g\u00f6ren, iddias\u0131n\u0131n hakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 kan\u0131tlar sundu\u011fu ve ekonomik durumu da gerektirdi\u011fi takdirde h\u00e2kim, istem \u00fczerine daval\u0131n\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rene ge\u00e7ici \u00f6deme yapmas\u0131na karar verebilir.<\/p>

                Daval\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7ici \u00f6demeler, h\u00fckmedilen tazminata mahsup edilir; tazminata h\u00fckmedilmezse h\u00e2kim, davac\u0131n\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7ici \u00f6demeleri, yasal faizi ile birlikte geri vermesine karar verir.<\/p>

                \u00a0<\/h2>

                \u00dc\u00c7\u00dcNC\u00dc AYIRIM<\/h2>

                Sebepsiz Zenginle\u015fmeden Do\u011fan Bor\u00e7 \u0130li\u015fkileri<\/h2>

                A. Ko\u015fullar\u0131<\/h2>

                I. Genel olarak<\/h2>

                MADDE 77-\u00a0<\/strong>Hakl\u0131 bir sebep olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan veya eme\u011finden\u00a0<\/strong>zenginle\u015fen, bu zenginle\u015fmeyi geri vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                Bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck, \u00f6zellikle zenginle\u015fmenin ge\u00e7erli olmayan veya ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemi\u015f ya da sona ermi\u015f bir sebebe dayanmas\u0131 durumunda do\u011fmu\u015f olur.<\/p>

                \u00a0<\/p>

                II. Bor\u00e7lan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f edimin ifas\u0131<\/h2>

                MADDE 78-<\/strong>\u00a0Bor\u00e7lanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 edimi kendi iste\u011fiyle yerine getiren kimse, bunu ancak, kendisini bor\u00e7lu sanarak yerine getirdi\u011fini ispat ederse geri isteyebilir.<\/p>

                Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015f bir borcun\u00a0ifas\u0131ndan veya ahlaki bir \u00f6devin yerine\u00a0getirilmi\u015f olmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan zenginle\u015fmeler geri istenemez.<\/p>

                Bor\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2lde \u00f6denmi\u015f olan edimin geri istenmesine ili\u015fkin di\u011fer kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                \u00a0<\/p>

                B. Geri vermenin kapsam\u0131<\/h2>

                I. Zenginle\u015fenin y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/h2>

                MADDE 79-\u00a0<\/strong>Sebepsiz zenginle\u015fen, zenginle\u015fmenin geri istenmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda elinden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu ispat etti\u011fi k\u0131sm\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan\u0131 geri vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                Zenginle\u015fen, zenginle\u015fmeyi iyiniyetli olmaks\u0131z\u0131n elden \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015fsa veya elden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rken ileride geri vermek zorunda kalabilece\u011fini hesaba katmas\u0131 gerekiyorsa, zenginle\u015fmenin tamam\u0131n\u0131 geri vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                \u00a0<\/p>

                II. Giderleri isteme hakk\u0131<\/h2>

                MADDE 80-\u00a0<\/strong>Zenginle\u015fen iyiniyetli ise, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorunlu ve yararl\u0131 giderleri, geri verme isteminde bulunandan isteyebilir.<\/p>

                Zenginle\u015fen iyiniyetli de\u011filse, zorunlu giderlerinin ve yararl\u0131 giderlerinden sadece geri verme zaman\u0131nda mevcut olan de\u011fer art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6denmesini isteyebilir.<\/p>

                Zenginle\u015fen, iyiniyetli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n, di\u011fer giderlerinin \u00f6denmesini isteyemez. Ancak, kendisine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6nerilmezse, o \u015fey ile birle\u015ftirdi\u011fi ve zarars\u0131zca ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn bulunan eklemeleri geri vermeden \u00f6nce ay\u0131r\u0131p alabilir.<\/p>

                \u00a0<\/p>

                C. Geri istenememe<\/h2>

                MADDE 81-\u00a0Hukuka veya ahlaka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir sonucun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi amac\u0131yla verilen \u015fey geri istenemez. Ancak, a\u00e7\u0131lan davada h\u00e2kim, bu \u015feyin Devlete mal edilmesine karar verebilir.<\/p>

                \u00a0<\/p>

                D. Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>

                MADDE 82-<\/strong>\u00a0Sebepsiz zenginle\u015fmeden do\u011fan istem hakk\u0131, hak sahibinin geri isteme hakk\u0131 oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi tarihten ba\u015flayarak iki y\u0131l\u0131n ve her h\u00e2lde zenginle\u015fmenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi tarihten ba\u015flayarak on y\u0131l\u0131n ge\u00e7mesiyle zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011frar.<\/p>

                Zenginle\u015fme, zenginle\u015fenin bir alacak hakk\u0131 kazanmas\u0131 suretiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015fse di\u011fer taraf, istem hakk\u0131 zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015f olsa bile, her zaman bu\u00a0borcunu ifadan ka\u00e7\u0131nabilir.<\/p>

                \u00a0<\/h2>

                \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/h2>

                Bor\u00e7 \u0130li\u015fkisinin H\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/h2>

                \u00a0<\/h2>

                B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 AYIRIM<\/h2>

                Bor\u00e7lar\u0131n \u0130fas\u0131<\/h2>

                A. Genel olarak<\/h2>

                I. \u015eahsen ifa zorunlulu\u011funun olmamas\u0131<\/h2>

                MADDE 83-\u00a0Borcun, bizzat bor\u00e7lu taraf\u0131ndan ifa edilmesinde alacakl\u0131n\u0131n menfaati bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a bor\u00e7lu, borcunu \u015fahsen ifa etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc de\u011fildir.<\/p>

                \u00a0<\/p>

                II. \u0130fan\u0131n konusu<\/h2>

                1. K\u0131smen ifa<\/h2>

                MADDE 84-\u00a0<\/strong>Borcun tamam\u0131 belli ve muaccel ise, alacakl\u0131 k\u0131smen ifay\u0131 reddedebilir.<\/p>

                Alacakl\u0131 k\u0131smen ifay\u0131 kabul ederse bor\u00e7lu, borcun kendisi taraf\u0131ndan ikrar olunan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ifadan ka\u00e7\u0131namaz.<\/p>

                \u00a0<\/p>

                2. B\u00f6l\u00fcnemeyen bor\u00e7<\/h2>

                MADDE 85-\u00a0<\/strong>B\u00f6l\u00fcnemeyen bir borcun birden \u00e7ok alacakl\u0131s\u0131 varsa, alacakl\u0131lardan her biri, borcun alacakl\u0131lar\u0131n tamam\u0131na\u00a0<\/strong>ifas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilir. Bor\u00e7lu, edimini alacakl\u0131lar\u0131n hepsine birden ifa etmek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                B\u00f6l\u00fcnemeyen borcun birden \u00e7ok bor\u00e7lusu varsa, bor\u00e7lulardan her biri borcun tamam\u0131n\u0131 ifa etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                Durumun gere\u011finden aksi anla\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a, ifada bulunan bor\u00e7lu, alacakl\u0131ya halef olur ve di\u011fer bor\u00e7lulardan paylar\u0131 oran\u0131nda alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilir.<\/p>

                \u00a0<\/h2>

                3. \u00c7e\u015fit borcu<\/h2>

                MADDE 86-\u00a0<\/strong>\u00c7e\u015fit bor\u00e7lar\u0131nda hukuki ili\u015fkiden ve i\u015fin \u00f6zelli\u011finden aksi anla\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a, edimin se\u00e7imi bor\u00e7luya aittir. Ancak bor\u00e7lunun se\u00e7ece\u011fi edim, ortalama nitelikten daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olamaz.<\/p>

                \u00a0<\/p>

                4. Se\u00e7imlik bor\u00e7<\/h2>

                MADDE 87-\u00a0<\/strong>Se\u00e7imlik bor\u00e7larda, hukuki ili\u015fkiden ve i\u015fin \u00f6zelli\u011finden aksi anla\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a, edimlerden birinin se\u00e7imi bor\u00e7luya aittir.<\/p>

                \u00a0<\/p>

                5. Faiz<\/h2>

                MADDE 88-\u00a0<\/strong>Faiz \u00f6deme borcunda uygulanacak y\u0131ll\u0131k faiz oran\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fmede kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa faiz borcunun do\u011fdu\u011fu tarihte y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan mevzuat h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re belirlenir.<\/p>

                S\u00f6zle\u015fme ile kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak y\u0131ll\u0131k faiz oran\u0131, birinci f\u0131kra uyar\u0131nca belirlenen y\u0131ll\u0131k faiz oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde elli fazlas\u0131n\u0131 a\u015famaz.<\/p>

                \u00a0<\/p>

                1. \u0130fa yeri<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                  MADDE 89-<\/strong>\u00a0Borcun ifa yeri, taraflar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k veya \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc iradelerine g\u00f6re belirlenir. Aksine bir anla\u015fma yoksa, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki h\u00fck\u00fcmler uygulan\u0131r;<\/p>

                  1. Para bor\u00e7lar\u0131, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6deme zaman\u0131ndaki yerle\u015fim yerinde,<\/li>
                  2. Par\u00e7a bor\u00e7lar\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kuruldu\u011fu s\u0131rada bor\u00e7 konusunun bulundu\u011fu yerde,<\/li>
                  3. Bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcn bor\u00e7lar, do\u011fumlar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda bor\u00e7lunun yerle\u015fim yerinde,<\/li><\/ol>

                    ifa edilir.<\/p>

                    Alacakl\u0131n\u0131n yerle\u015fim yerinde ifas\u0131 gereken bir borcun do\u011fumundan sonra alacakl\u0131n\u0131n yerle\u015fim yerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi sebebiyle ifa \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015fmi\u015fse bor\u00e7, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nceki yerle\u015fim yerinde ifa edilebilir.<\/p>

                    \u00a0<\/p>

                    C. \u0130fa zaman\u0131<\/h2>

                    I. S\u00fcreye ba\u011flanmam\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7<\/h2>

                    MADDE 90-<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130fa zaman\u0131 taraflarca kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a veya hukuki ili\u015fkinin \u00f6zelli\u011finden anla\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a her bor\u00e7, do\u011fumu an\u0131nda muaccel olur.<\/p>

                    \u00a0<\/p>

                    II. S\u00fcreye ba\u011fl\u0131 bor\u00e7<\/h2>

                    1. Aya ili\u015fkin s\u00fcrelerde vade<\/h2>

                    MADDE 91-<\/strong>\u00a0Borcun ifas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir ay\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 veya sonu belirlenmi\u015fse, bundan ay\u0131n birinci ve sonuncu g\u00fcn\u00fc; ay\u0131n ortas\u0131 belirlenmi\u015fse, bundan da ay\u0131n onbe\u015finci g\u00fcn\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                    Borcun ifas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fcn belirtilmeksizin sadece ay belirlenmi\u015fse, bundan o ay\u0131n son g\u00fcn\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                    \u00a0<\/p>

                    2. Di\u011fer s\u00fcrelerde vade<\/h2>

                    MADDE 92-\u00a0<\/strong>Bir borcun veya taraflardan birine d\u00fc\u015fen herhangi bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak belli bir s\u00fcrenin sonunda ifas\u0131 gerekiyorsa, ifa zaman\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki bi\u00e7imde belirlenir:<\/p>

                    1. G\u00fcn olarak belirlenmi\u015f s\u00fcre, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kuruldu\u011fu g\u00fcn say\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n, bu s\u00fcrenin son g\u00fcn\u00fc dolmu\u015f olur. Sekiz veya onbe\u015f g\u00fcn olarak belirlenmi\u015f s\u00fcre ise, bir veya iki haftay\u0131 de\u011fil, tam sekiz veya onbe\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc ifade eder.<\/li>
                    2. Hafta olarak belirlenmi\u015f s\u00fcre, son haftan\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kuruldu\u011fu g\u00fcne ismen uyan g\u00fcn\u00fcnde dolmu\u015f olur.<\/li>
                    3. Ay olarak veya y\u0131l, yar\u0131y\u0131l ve y\u0131l\u0131n d\u00f6rtte biri gibi birden \u00e7ok ay\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir zaman olarak belirlenmi\u015f s\u00fcre, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kuruldu\u011fu g\u00fcn ay\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131nc\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc ise, son ay\u0131n bunu kar\u015f\u0131layan g\u00fcn\u00fcnde dolmu\u015f olur. Son ayda bunu kar\u015f\u0131layan g\u00fcn yoksa s\u00fcre, bu ay\u0131n son g\u00fcn\u00fc dolmu\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>
                    4. Yar\u0131m aydan onbe\u015f g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcre anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Bir veya birden \u00e7ok ay ve yar\u0131m ay olarak belirlenmi\u015f s\u00fcrenin doldu\u011fu g\u00fcn, son aya onbe\u015f g\u00fcn eklenerek belirlenir.<\/li><\/ol>

                      Bu kurallar, s\u00fcrenin s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir andan i\u015flemeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda da uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                      Bor\u00e7lu, belirli bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde yerine getirilmesi gereken bir borcu, bu s\u00fcrenin dolmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce ifa etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                      \u00a0<\/p>

                      3. Tatil g\u00fcnleri<\/h2>

                      MADDE 93-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0130fa zaman\u0131 veya s\u00fcrenin son g\u00fcn\u00fc, kanunlarda tatil olarak kabul edilen bir g\u00fcne rastlarsa, kendili\u011finden bu g\u00fcn\u00fc izleyen ve tatil olmayan ilk g\u00fcne ge\u00e7er.<\/p>

                      Aksine anla\u015fma ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>

                      \u00a0<\/p>

                      III. \u0130\u015f saatlerinde ifa<\/h2>

                      MADDE 94-<\/strong>\u00a0Bor\u00e7, al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f i\u015f saatlerinde ifa ve kabul edilir.<\/p>

                      \u00a0<\/p>

                      IV. S\u00fcrenin uzat\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h2>

                      MADDE 95-\u00a0S\u00fcre uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise yeni s\u00fcre, aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, \u00f6nceki s\u00fcrenin sona ermesini izleyen birinci g\u00fcnden ba\u015flar.<\/p>

                      \u00a0<\/p>

                      V. Erken ifa<\/h2>

                      MADDE 96-<\/strong>\u00a0S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden veya \u00f6zelli\u011finden ya da durumun gere\u011finden taraflar\u0131n aksini kastettikleri anla\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a bor\u00e7lu, edimini s\u00fcrenin sona ermesinden\u00a0<\/strong>\u00f6nce ifa edebilir. Ancak, kanun veya s\u00f6zle\u015fme ya da \u00e2det gere\u011fi olmad\u0131k\u00e7a bor\u00e7lu, erken ifada bulunmas\u0131 sebebiyle indirim yapamaz.<\/p>

                      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                      VI. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 bor\u00e7 y\u00fckleyen s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde<\/h2>

                      1. \u0130fada s\u0131ra<\/h2>

                      MADDE 97-\u00a0<\/strong>Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 bor\u00e7 y\u00fckleyen\u00a0<\/strong>bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ifas\u0131 isteminde bulunan taraf\u0131n, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ko\u015fullar\u0131na ve \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re daha sonra ifa etme hakk\u0131 olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, kendi borcunu ifa etmi\u015f ya da ifas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nermi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>

                      \u00a0<\/p>

                      2. \u0130fa g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/h2>

                      MADDE 98-<\/strong>\u00a0Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 bor\u00e7 y\u00fckleyen bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmede, taraflardan birinin borcunu ifada g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fc\u011fe d\u00fc\u015fmesi ve \u00f6zellikle iflas etmesi ya da hakk\u0131ndaki haciz i\u015fleminin sonu\u00e7suz kalmas\u0131 sebebiyle di\u011fer taraf\u0131n hakk\u0131 tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015ferse bu taraf, kar\u015f\u0131 edimin ifas\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131ncaya kadar kendi ediminin ifas\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131nabilir.<\/p>

                      Hakk\u0131 tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015fen taraf, ayr\u0131ca uygun bir s\u00fcrede istedi\u011fi g\u00fcvence verilmezse s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nebilir.<\/p>

                      \u00a0<\/h2>

                      D. \u00d6deme<\/h2>

                      I. \u00dclke paras\u0131 ile<\/h2>

                      MADDE 99-<\/strong>\u00a0Konusu para olan bor\u00e7 \u00dclke paras\u0131yla \u00f6denir.<\/p>

                      \u00dclke paras\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir para birimiyle \u00f6deme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, s\u00f6zle\u015fmede aynen \u00f6deme veya bu anlama gelen bir ifade bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a bor\u00e7, \u00f6deme g\u00fcn\u00fcndeki rayi\u00e7 \u00fczerinden \u00dclke paras\u0131yla da \u00f6denebilir.<\/p>

                      \u00dclke paras\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir para birimiyle belirlenmi\u015f ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmede aynen \u00f6deme ya da bu anlama gelen bir ifade de bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a, borcun \u00f6deme g\u00fcn\u00fcnde \u00f6denmemesi \u00fczerine alacakl\u0131, bu alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n aynen veya vade ya da fiil\u00ee \u00f6deme g\u00fcn\u00fcndeki rayi\u00e7 \u00fczerinden \u00dclke paras\u0131 ile \u00f6denmesini isteyebilir.<\/p>

                      \u00a0<\/p>

                      II. Mahsup<\/h2>

                      1. K\u0131smen \u00f6demede<\/h2>

                      MADDE 100-<\/strong>\u00a0Bor\u00e7lu, faiz veya giderleri \u00f6demede gecikmemi\u015f ise, k\u0131smen yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6demeyi ana bor\u00e7tan d\u00fc\u015fme hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Aksine anla\u015fma yap\u0131lamaz.<\/p>

                      Alacakl\u0131, alaca\u011f\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 i\u00e7in kefalet, rehin veya ba\u015fka bir g\u00fcvence alm\u0131\u015f ise, bor\u00e7lu k\u0131smen yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6demeyi, g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan veya g\u00fcvencesi daha iyi olan k\u0131sma mahsup etme hakk\u0131na sahip de\u011fildir.<\/p>

                      \u00a0<\/p>

                      2. Birden \u00e7ok bor\u00e7ta<\/h2>

                      a. Bor\u00e7lu ve alacakl\u0131n\u0131n bildirimine g\u00f6re<\/h2>

                      MADDE 101-<\/strong>\u00a0Birden \u00e7ok borcu bulunan bor\u00e7lu, \u00f6deme g\u00fcn\u00fcnde bu bor\u00e7lardan hangisini \u00f6demek istedi\u011fini alacakl\u0131ya bildirebilir.<\/p>

                      Bor\u00e7lu bildirimde bulunmazsa, yap\u0131lan \u00f6deme, kendisi taraf\u0131ndan derh\u00e2l itiraz edilmi\u015f olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n makbuzda g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi bor\u00e7 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                      b. Kanuna g\u00f6re<\/h2>

                      MADDE 102-<\/strong>\u00a0Kanunen ge\u00e7erli bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya makbuzda bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumda \u00f6deme, muaccel bor\u00e7 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. Birden \u00e7ok bor\u00e7 muaccel ise \u00f6demenin, bor\u00e7luya kar\u015f\u0131 ilk olarak takip edilen bor\u00e7 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu kabul edilir. Takip yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ise \u00f6deme, vadesi ilk \u00f6nce gelmi\u015f olan bor\u00e7 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>

                      Birden \u00e7ok borcun vadesi ayn\u0131 zamanda gelmi\u015fse, mahsup orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak; bor\u00e7lardan hi\u00e7birinin vadesi gelmemi\u015fse \u00f6deme, g\u00fcvencesi en az olan bor\u00e7 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                      \u00a0<\/p>

                      III. Makbuz ve senetlerin geri verilmesi<\/h2>

                      1. Bor\u00e7lunun hakk\u0131<\/h2>

                      MADDE 103-<\/strong>\u00a0Borcu \u00f6deyen bor\u00e7lu, bir makbuz ve borcun tamam\u0131 \u00f6denmi\u015fse, buna ili\u015fkin bor\u00e7 senedinin geri verilmesini veya iptalini isteyebilir.<\/p>

                      Borcun tamam\u0131 \u00f6denmemi\u015f veya bor\u00e7 senedi alacakl\u0131ya ba\u015fkaca haklar da vermekte ise bor\u00e7lu, ancak makbuz verilmesini ve \u00f6demenin bor\u00e7 senedine i\u015flenmesini isteyebilir.<\/p>

                      \u00a0<\/p>

                      2. H\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/h2>

                      MADDE 104-\u00a0<\/strong>Faiz veya kira bedeli gibi d\u00f6nemsel edimlerden biri i\u00e7in, alacakl\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ekince belirtilmeksizin makbuz verilmi\u015fse, \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemlere ait edimler de ifa edilmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                      Alacakl\u0131 anaparan\u0131n tamam\u0131 i\u00e7in makbuz vermi\u015fse, faizlerini de alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu kabul edilir.<\/p>

                      Bor\u00e7 senedi bor\u00e7luya geri verilmi\u015fse, bor\u00e7 sona ermi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                      \u00a0<\/h2>

                      3. Senedin geri verilememesi<\/h2>

                      MADDE 105-\u00a0<\/strong>Alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7 senedini kaybetti\u011fini iddia ederse, bor\u00e7lunun istemi \u00fczerine, borcu \u00f6deme s\u0131ras\u0131nda, kendisine bor\u00e7 senedinin iptalini ve borcun sona ermi\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren resmen d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f veya usul\u00fcne g\u00f6re onaylanm\u0131\u015f bir belge vermek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                      K\u0131ymetli evrak\u0131n iptaline ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                      \u00a0<\/p>

                      E. Alacakl\u0131n\u0131n temerr\u00fcd\u00fc<\/h2>

                      I. Ko\u015fullar\u0131<\/h2>

                      MADDE 106-\u00a0<\/strong>Yapma veya verme\u00a0edimi gere\u011fi gibi kendisine \u00f6nerilen\u00a0alacakl\u0131, hakl\u0131 bir sebep olmaks\u0131z\u0131n onu kabulden veya bor\u00e7lunun borcunu ifa edebilmesi i\u00e7in kendisi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken haz\u0131rl\u0131k fiillerini yapmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131rsa, temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olur.<\/p>

                      Alacakl\u0131, m\u00fcteselsil bor\u00e7lulardan birine kar\u015f\u0131 temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015ferse, di\u011ferlerine kar\u015f\u0131 da temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olur.<\/p>

                      \u00a0<\/p>

                      II. H\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/h2>

                      1. Bir \u015feyin teslimine ili\u015fkin edimlerde<\/h2>

                      a. Tevdi hakk\u0131<\/h2>

                      MADDE 107-<\/strong>\u00a0Alacakl\u0131n\u0131n temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fmesi durumunda bor\u00e7lu, hasar ve giderleri alacakl\u0131ya ait olmak \u00fczere, teslim edece\u011fi \u015feyi tevdi ederek borcundan kurtulabilir.<\/p>

                      Tevdi yerini, ifa yerindeki h\u00e2kim belirler. Bununla birlikte ticari mallar, h\u00e2kim karar\u0131 olmadan da bir ardiyeye tevdi edilebilir.<\/p>

                      \u00a0<\/p>

                      b. Satma hakk\u0131<\/h2>

                      MADDE 108-\u00a0<\/strong>S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin konusu olan \u015feyin niteli\u011fi veya i\u015fin \u00f6zelli\u011fi tevdi edilmesine uygun d\u00fc\u015fmez veya teslim edilecek \u015fey bozulabilir ya da bak\u0131m\u0131, korunmas\u0131 veya tevdi edilmesi \u00f6nemli bir gideri gerektirir ise, bor\u00e7lu, alacakl\u0131ya \u00f6nceden ihtarda bulunmas\u0131 ko\u015fuluyla, h\u00e2kimin izniyle onu a\u00e7\u0131k art\u0131rma yoluyla satt\u0131r\u0131p bedelini tevdi edebilir.<\/p>

                      Teslim edilecek \u015fey, borsada kay\u0131tl\u0131ysa veya piyasa fiyat\u0131 varsa ya da yap\u0131lacak gidere oranla de\u011feri az ise, sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k art\u0131rma yoluyla yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, h\u00e2kim, \u00f6nceden ihtarda bulunma ko\u015fulunu aramaks\u0131z\u0131n sat\u0131\u015fa izin verebilir.<\/p>

                      \u00a0<\/p>

                      c. Tevdi konusunu geri alma<\/h2>

                      MADDE 109-\u00a0<\/strong>Alacakl\u0131, tevdi edilen \u015feyi kabul etti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015f veya tevdi bir rehnin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furmu\u015f olmad\u0131k\u00e7a bor\u00e7lu, tevdi edilen \u015feyi geri alabilir.<\/p>

                      Tevdi edilen \u015fey geri al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda alacak, b\u00fct\u00fcn yan haklar\u0131yla birlikte varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>

                      \u00a0<\/p>

                      2. Di\u011fer edimlerde<\/h2>

                      MADDE 110-\u00a0<\/strong>Borcun konusu bir \u015feyin teslimini gerektirmiyorsa, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n temerr\u00fcd\u00fc h\u00e2linde bor\u00e7lu, bor\u00e7lunun temerr\u00fcd\u00fcne ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nebilir.<\/p>

                      \u00a0<\/p>

                      1. Di\u011fer ifa engelleri<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                        MADDE 111-<\/strong>\u00a0Bor\u00e7lunun kusuru olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, alaca\u011f\u0131n kime ait oldu\u011funda veya alacakl\u0131n\u0131n kimli\u011finde duraksama sebebiyle ya da alacakl\u0131dan kaynaklanan di\u011fer ki\u015fisel bir sebeple bor\u00e7, alacakl\u0131ya veya temsilcisine ifa edilemezse bor\u00e7lu, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n temerr\u00fcd\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu gibi, tevdi ya da s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nme hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilir.<\/p>

                        \u00a0<\/h2>

                        \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 AYIRIM<\/h2>

                        Bor\u00e7lar\u0131n \u0130fa Edilmemesinin Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>

                        A. Borcun ifa edilmemesi<\/h2>

                        I. Giderim borcu<\/h2>

                        1. Genel olarak<\/h2>

                        MADDE 112-\u00a0Bor\u00e7 hi\u00e7 veya gere\u011fi gibi ifa edilmezse bor\u00e7lu, kendisine hi\u00e7bir kusurun y\u00fcklenemeyece\u011fini ispat etmedik\u00e7e, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n bundan do\u011fan zarar\u0131n\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                        \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                        2. Yapma ve yapmama bor\u00e7lar\u0131nda<\/h2>

                        MADDE 113-\u00a0<\/strong>Yapma borcu, bor\u00e7lu taraf\u0131ndan ifa edilmedi\u011fi takdirde alacakl\u0131, masraf\u0131 bor\u00e7luya ait olmak \u00fczere edimin kendisi veya ba\u015fkas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ifas\u0131na\u00a0<\/strong>izin verilmesini isteyebilir; her t\u00fcrl\u00fc giderim isteme hakk\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                        Yapmama borcuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranan bor\u00e7lu, bu ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011furdu\u011fu zarar\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                        Alacakl\u0131, ayr\u0131ca borca ayk\u0131r\u0131 durumun ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 veya bu konuda masraf\u0131 bor\u00e7luya ait olmak \u00fczere kendisinin yetkili k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilir.<\/p>

                        \u00a0<\/p>

                        II. Sorumlulu\u011fun ve giderim borcunun kapsam\u0131<\/h2>

                        1. Genel olarak<\/h2>

                        MADDE 114-\u00a0<\/strong>Bor\u00e7lu, genel olarak her t\u00fcrl\u00fc kusurdan sorumludur. Bor\u00e7lunun sorumlulu\u011funun kapsam\u0131, i\u015fin \u00f6zel niteli\u011fine g\u00f6re belirlenir. \u0130\u015f \u00f6zellikle bor\u00e7lu i\u00e7in bir yarar sa\u011flam\u0131yorsa, sorumluluk daha hafif olarak de\u011ferlendirilir.<\/p>

                        Haks\u0131z fiil sorumlulu\u011funa ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler, k\u0131yas yoluyla s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k h\u00e2llerine de uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                        \u00a0<\/p>

                        2. Sorumsuzluk anla\u015fmas\u0131<\/h2>

                        MADDE 115-\u00a0<\/strong>Bor\u00e7lunun a\u011f\u0131r kusurundan sorumlu olmayaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00f6nceden yap\u0131lan anla\u015fma kesin olarak h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                        Bor\u00e7lunun alacakl\u0131 ile hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden kaynaklanan herhangi bir bor\u00e7 sebebiyle sorumlu olmayaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak \u00f6nceden yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc anla\u015fma kesin olarak h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                        Uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerektiren bir hizmet, meslek veya sanat, ancak kanun ya da yetkili makamlar taraf\u0131ndan verilen izinle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclebiliyorsa, bor\u00e7lunun hafif kusurundan sorumlu olmayaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00f6nceden yap\u0131lan anla\u015fma kesin olarak h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                        \u00a0<\/p>

                        3. Yard\u0131mc\u0131 ki\u015filerin fiillerinden sorumluluk<\/h2>

                        MADDE 116-\u00a0<\/strong>Bor\u00e7lu, borcun ifas\u0131n\u0131 veya bir bor\u00e7 ili\u015fkisinden do\u011fan hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ki\u015filer ya da yan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar gibi yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131na kanuna uygun surette b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f olsa bile, onlar\u0131n i\u015fi y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fckleri s\u0131rada di\u011fer tarafa verdikleri zarar\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                        Yard\u0131mc\u0131 ki\u015filerin fiilinden do\u011fan sorumluluk, \u00f6nceden yap\u0131lan bir anla\u015fmayla tamamen veya k\u0131smen kald\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>

                        Uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerektiren bir hizmet, meslek veya sanat, ancak kanun veya yetkili makamlar taraf\u0131ndan verilen izinle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclebiliyorsa, bor\u00e7lunun yard\u0131mc\u0131 ki\u015filerin fiillerinden sorumlu olmayaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin anla\u015fma kesin olarak h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                        \u00a0<\/p>

                        B. Bor\u00e7lunun temerr\u00fcd\u00fc<\/h2>

                        I. Ko\u015fullar\u0131<\/h2>

                        MADDE 117-<\/strong>\u00a0Muaccel bir borcun bor\u00e7lusu, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n ihtar\u0131yla temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>

                        Borcun ifa edilece\u011fi g\u00fcn, birlikte belirlenmi\u015f veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmede sakl\u0131 tutulan bir hakka dayanarak taraflardan biri usul\u00fcne uygun bir bildirimde bulunmak suretiyle belirlemi\u015fse, bu g\u00fcn\u00fcn ge\u00e7mesiyle; haks\u0131z fiilde fiilin i\u015flendi\u011fi, sebepsiz zenginle\u015fmede ise zenginle\u015fmenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi tarihte bor\u00e7lu temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olur. Ancak sebepsiz zenginle\u015fenin iyiniyetli oldu\u011fu h\u00e2llerde temerr\u00fct i\u00e7in bildirim \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/p>

                        \u00a0<\/p>

                        II. H\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/h2>

                        1. Genel olarak<\/h2>

                        a. Gecikme tazminat\u0131<\/h2>

                        MADDE 118-<\/strong>\u00a0Temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fen bor\u00e7lu, temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fmekte kusuru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispat etmedik\u00e7e,\u00a0<\/strong>borcun ge\u00e7 ifas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 alacakl\u0131n\u0131n u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarar\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                        \u00a0<\/p>

                        b. Beklenmedik h\u00e2lden sorumluluk<\/h2>

                        MADDE 119-<\/strong>\u00a0Temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fen bor\u00e7lu, beklenmedik h\u00e2l sebebiyle do\u011facak zarardan sorumludur.<\/p>

                        Bor\u00e7lu, temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fmekte kusuru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 veya borcunu zaman\u0131nda ifa etmi\u015f olsayd\u0131 bile beklenmedik h\u00e2lin ifa konusu \u015feye zarar verece\u011fini ispat ederek bu sorumluluktan kurtulabilir.<\/p>

                        \u00a0<\/p>

                        2. Temerr\u00fct faizi<\/h2>

                        a. Genel olarak<\/h2>

                        MADDE 120-\u00a0<\/strong>Uygulanacak y\u0131ll\u0131k temerr\u00fct faizi oran\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fmede kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa, faiz borcunun do\u011fdu\u011fu tarihte y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan mevzuat h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re belirlenir.<\/p>

                        S\u00f6zle\u015fme ile kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak y\u0131ll\u0131k temerr\u00fct faizi oran\u0131, birinci f\u0131kra uyar\u0131nca belirlenen y\u0131ll\u0131k faiz oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde y\u00fcz fazlas\u0131n\u0131 a\u015famaz.<\/p>

                        Akd\u00ee faiz oran\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmakla birlikte s\u00f6zle\u015fmede temerr\u00fct faizi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa ve y\u0131ll\u0131k akd\u00ee faiz oran\u0131 da birinci f\u0131krada belirtilen faiz oran\u0131ndan fazla ise, temerr\u00fct faizi oran\u0131 hakk\u0131nda akd\u00ee faiz oran\u0131 ge\u00e7erli olur.<\/p>

                        \u00a0<\/p>

                        b. Faizlerde, iratlarda ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamada temerr\u00fct faizi<\/h2>

                        MADDE 121-\u00a0<\/strong>Faiz veya irat borcunu ya da ba\u011f\u0131\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir miktar paray\u0131 \u00f6demekte temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fen bor\u00e7lu, icra takibine giri\u015fildi\u011fi veya dava a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnden ba\u015flayarak, temerr\u00fct faizi \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                        Buna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lan anla\u015fmalar, ceza ko\u015fulu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine tabi olur.<\/p>

                        Temerr\u00fct faizine, ayr\u0131ca temerr\u00fct faizi y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclemez.<\/p>

                        \u00a0<\/p>

                        3. A\u015fk\u0131n zarar<\/h2>

                        MADDE 122-<\/strong>\u00a0Alacakl\u0131, temerr\u00fct faizini a\u015fan bir zarara u\u011fram\u0131\u015f olursa, bor\u00e7lu kendisinin hi\u00e7bir kusuru bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispat etmedik\u00e7e, bu zarar\u0131 da gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                        Temerr\u00fct faizini a\u015fan zarar miktar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte olan davada belirlenebiliyorsa, davac\u0131n\u0131n istemi \u00fczerine h\u00e2kim, esas hakk\u0131nda karar verirken bu zarar\u0131n miktar\u0131na da h\u00fckmeder.<\/p>

                        \u00a0<\/h2>

                        4. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 bor\u00e7 y\u00fckleyen s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde<\/h2>

                        a. S\u00fcre verilmesi<\/h2>

                        MADDE 123-<\/strong>\u00a0Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 bor\u00e7 y\u00fckleyen s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde, taraflardan biri temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc takdirde di\u011feri, borcun ifa edilmesi i\u00e7in uygun bir s\u00fcre verebilir veya uygun bir s\u00fcre verilmesini h\u00e2kimden isteyebilir.<\/p>

                        \u00a0<\/p>

                        b. S\u00fcre verilmesini gerektirmeyen durumlar<\/h2>

                        MADDE 124-<\/strong>\u00a0A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki durumlarda s\u00fcre verilmesine gerek yoktur:<\/p>

                        1. Bor\u00e7lunun i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu durumdan veya tutumundan s\u00fcre verilmesinin etkisiz olaca\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yorsa.<\/p>

                        1. Bor\u00e7lunun temerr\u00fcd\u00fc sonucunda borcun ifas\u0131 alacakl\u0131 i\u00e7in yarars\u0131z kalm\u0131\u015fsa.<\/li><\/ol>

                          3. Borcun ifas\u0131n\u0131n, belirli bir zamanda veya belirli bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemesi \u00fczerine, ifan\u0131n art\u0131k kabul edilmeyece\u011fi s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yorsa.<\/p>

                          \u00a0<\/p>

                          c. Se\u00e7imlik haklar<\/h2>

                          MADDE 125-<\/strong>\u00a0Temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fen\u00a0<\/strong>bor\u00e7lu, verilen s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde, borcunu ifa etmemi\u015fse veya s\u00fcre verilmesini gerektirmeyen bir durum s\u00f6z konusu ise alacakl\u0131, her zaman borcun ifas\u0131n\u0131 ve gecikme sebebiyle tazminat isteme hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>

                          Alacakl\u0131, ayr\u0131ca borcun ifas\u0131ndan ve gecikme tazminat\u0131 isteme hakk\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7ti\u011fini hemen bildirerek, borcun ifa edilmemesinden do\u011fan zarar\u0131n giderilmesini isteyebilir veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nebilir.<\/p>

                          S\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nme h\u00e2linde taraflar, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak ifa y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden kurtulurlar ve daha \u00f6nce ifa ettikleri edimleri geri isteyebilirler. Bu durumda\u00a0<\/strong>bor\u00e7lu, temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fmekte kusuru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u00a0<\/strong>ispat edemezse alacakl\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kalmas\u0131 sebebiyle u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarar\u0131n giderilmesini de\u00a0<\/strong>isteyebilir.<\/p>

                          \u00a0<\/p>

                          d. S\u00fcrekli edimli s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde<\/h2>

                          MADDE 126-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0130fas\u0131na ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrekli edimli s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde, bor\u00e7lunun temerr\u00fcd\u00fc h\u00e2linde alacakl\u0131, ifa ve gecikme tazminat\u0131 isteyebilece\u011fi gibi, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi feshederek, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin s\u00fcresinden \u00f6nce sona ermesi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarar\u0131n giderilmesini de isteyebilir.<\/p>

                          \u00a0<\/h2>

                          \u00dc\u00c7\u00dcNC\u00dc AYIRIM<\/h2>

                          Bor\u00e7 \u0130li\u015fkilerinin \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Ki\u015filere Etkisi<\/h2>

                          A. Alacakl\u0131ya halef olma<\/h2>

                          MADDE 127-<\/strong>\u00a0Alacakl\u0131ya ifada bulunan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki h\u00e2llerde ifas\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde alacakl\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131na halef olur:<\/p>

                          1. Ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n borcu i\u00e7in rehnedilen bir \u015feyi rehinden kurtard\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu \u015fey \u00fczerinde m\u00fclkiyet veya ba\u015fka bir ayni hakk\u0131 bulundu\u011fu takdirde.<\/li>
                          2. Alacakl\u0131ya ifada bulunan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015finin ona halef olaca\u011f\u0131, bor\u00e7lu taraf\u0131ndan ifadan \u00f6nce alacakl\u0131ya bildirildi\u011fi takdirde.<\/li><\/ol>

                            Di\u011fer halefiyet h\u00e2llerine ili\u015fkin kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                            \u00a0<\/h2>

                            B. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015finin fiilini \u00fcstlenme<\/h2>

                            MADDE 128-<\/strong>\u00a0\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015finin fiilini ba\u015fkas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00fcstlenen, bu fiilin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemesinden do\u011fan zarar\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                            Belirli bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan \u00fcstlenmede, s\u00fcrenin bitimine kadar \u00fcstlenene edimini ifa etmesi i\u00e7in yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak ba\u015fvurulmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, \u00fcstlenenin sorumlulu\u011funun sona erece\u011fi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>

                            \u00a0<\/p>

                            C. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi yarar\u0131na s\u00f6zle\u015fme<\/h2>

                            I. Genel olarak<\/h2>

                            MADDE 129-<\/strong>\u00a0Kendi ad\u0131na s\u00f6zle\u015fme yapan ki\u015fi, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi yarar\u0131na bir edim y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc koydurmu\u015fsa, edimin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye ifa edilmesini isteyebilir.<\/p>

                            \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye halef\u00a0<\/strong>olanlar da, taraflar\u0131n amac\u0131na veya \u00f6rf ve \u00e2dete uygun d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc takdirde edimin ifas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilirler. Bu durumda, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi veya ona halef olanlar bu hakk\u0131 kullanmak istediklerini bor\u00e7luya bildirdikten sonra, alacakl\u0131 bor\u00e7luyu ibra edemeyece\u011fi gibi, borcun nitelik ve kapsam\u0131n\u0131 da de\u011fi\u015ftiremez.<\/p>

                            \u00a0<\/p>

                            II. Sorumluluk sigortalar\u0131nda<\/h2>

                            MADDE 130-<\/strong>\u00a0Ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran ki\u015fi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ki\u015fiye kar\u015f\u0131 hukuki sorumlulu\u011funu g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak \u00fczere sigorta yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015fsa, sigortadan do\u011fan haklar do\u011frudan do\u011fruya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana ait olur.<\/p>

                            Ancak, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana \u00f6denecek sigorta tazminat\u0131, genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re \u00f6denecek tazminattan indirilir.<\/p>

                            Di\u011fer hukuki sorumluluk sigortalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                            \u00a0<\/p>

                            \u00dc\u00c7\u00dcNC\u00dc B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/strong><\/p>

                            Bor\u00e7lar\u0131n ve Bor\u00e7 \u0130li\u015fkilerinin Sona Ermesi, Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/p>

                            \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                            B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 AYIRIM<\/strong><\/p>

                            Sona Erme H\u00e2lleri<\/strong><\/p>

                            A. As\u0131l borca ba\u011fl\u0131 hak ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131n sona ermesi<\/h2>

                            MADDE 131-<\/strong>\u00a0As\u0131l bor\u00e7 ifa ya da di\u011fer bir sebeple sona erdi\u011fi takdirde, rehin, kefalet, faiz ve ceza ko\u015fulu gibi buna ba\u011fl\u0131 hak ve bor\u00e7lar da sona ermi\u015f olur.<\/p>

                            \u0130\u015flemi\u015f faizin ve ceza ko\u015fulunun ifas\u0131n\u0131 isteme hakk\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle veya ifa an\u0131na kadar yap\u0131lacak bir bildirimle sakl\u0131 tutulmu\u015f ise ya da durum ve ko\u015fullardan sakl\u0131 tutuldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktaysa, bu faizler ve ceza ko\u015fulu istenebilir.<\/p>

                            Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz rehnine, k\u0131ymetli evraka ve konkordatoya ili\u015fkin \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmler sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                            \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                            B. \u0130bra<\/h2>

                            MADDE 132-<\/strong>\u00a0Borcu do\u011furan i\u015flem kanunen veya taraflarca belli bir \u015fekle ba\u011fl\u0131 tutulmu\u015f olsa bile bor\u00e7, taraflar\u0131n \u015fekle ba\u011fl\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n yapacaklar\u0131 ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesiyle tamamen veya k\u0131smen ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>

                            \u00a0<\/p>

                            C. Yenileme<\/h2>

                            I. Genel olarak<\/h2>

                            MADDE 133-\u00a0<\/strong>Yeni bir bor\u00e7la mevcut bir borcun sona erdirilmesi, ancak taraflar\u0131n bu y\u00f6ndeki a\u00e7\u0131k iradesi ile olur.<\/p>

                            \u00d6zellikle\u00a0<\/strong>mevcut bor\u00e7 i\u00e7in kambiyo taahh\u00fcd\u00fcnde bulunulmas\u0131 veya yeni bir alacak senedi ya da yeni\u00a0<\/strong>bir kefalet senedi\u00a0<\/strong>d\u00fczenlenmesi, taraflar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k yenileme iradeleri olmad\u0131k\u00e7a yenileme say\u0131lmaz.<\/p>

                            \u00a0<\/p>

                            II. Cari hesaplarda<\/h2>

                            MADDE 134-<\/strong>\u00a0\u00c7e\u015fitli kalemlerin bir cari hesaba sadece kaydedilmi\u015f olmas\u0131, borcun yenilenmi\u015f oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmez.<\/p>

                            Ancak, hesab\u0131n kesilmi\u015f ve hesap sonucu di\u011fer taraf\u00e7a kabul edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 durumunda, bor\u00e7 yenilenmi\u015f olur.<\/p>

                            Kalemlerden birinin g\u00fcvencesi varsa, aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a, hesap kesilip sonucun kabul edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131, g\u00fcvenceyi sona erdirmez.<\/p>

                            \u00a0<\/p>

                            D. Birle\u015fme<\/h2>

                            MADDE 135-\u00a0<\/strong>Alacakl\u0131 ve bor\u00e7lu s\u0131fatlar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 ki\u015fide birle\u015fmesiyle bor\u00e7 sona erer. Ancak, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin alacak \u00fczerinde \u00f6nceden mevcut\u00a0<\/strong>olan haklar\u0131 birle\u015fmeden etkilenmez.<\/p>

                            Birle\u015fme ge\u00e7mi\u015fe etkili olarak\u00a0<\/strong>ortadan kalkarsa, bor\u00e7 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>

                            Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz rehni ve k\u0131ymetli evraka ili\u015fkin \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmler sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                            \u00a0<\/p>

                            1. \u0130fa imk\u00e2ns\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/li>
                            2. Genel olarak<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                              MADDE 136-<\/strong>\u00a0Borcun ifas\u0131 bor\u00e7lunun sorumlu tutulamayaca\u011f\u0131 sebeplerle imk\u00e2ns\u0131zla\u015f\u0131rsa, bor\u00e7 sona erer.<\/p>

                              Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 bor\u00e7 y\u00fckleyen s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde imk\u00e2ns\u0131zl\u0131k sebebiyle bor\u00e7tan kurtulan bor\u00e7lu, kar\u015f\u0131 taraftan alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu edimi sebepsiz zenginle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca geri vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olup, hen\u00fcz kendisine ifa edilmemi\u015f olan edimi isteme hakk\u0131n\u0131 kaybeder. Kanun veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle borcun ifas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce do\u011fan hasar\u0131n alacakl\u0131ya y\u00fckletilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu durumlar, bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>

                              Bor\u00e7lu ifan\u0131n imk\u00e2ns\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 alacakl\u0131ya gecikmeksizin bildirmez ve zarar\u0131n artmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli \u00f6nlemleri almazsa, bundan do\u011fan zararlar\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                              \u00a0<\/p>

                              1. K\u0131smi ifa imk\u00e2ns\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                MADDE 137-<\/strong>\u00a0Borcun ifas\u0131 bor\u00e7lunun sorumlu tutulamayaca\u011f\u0131 sebeplerle k\u0131smen imk\u00e2ns\u0131zla\u015f\u0131rsa bor\u00e7lu, borcunun sadece imk\u00e2ns\u0131zla\u015fan k\u0131sm\u0131ndan kurtulur. Ancak, bu k\u0131smi ifa imk\u00e2ns\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nceden \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclseydi taraflarca b\u00f6yle bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yap\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rsa, borcun tamam\u0131 sona erer.<\/p>

                                Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 bor\u00e7 y\u00fckleyen s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde, bir taraf\u0131n borcu k\u0131smen imk\u00e2ns\u0131zla\u015f\u0131r ve alacakl\u0131 k\u0131smi ifaya raz\u0131 olursa, kar\u015f\u0131 edim de o oranda ifa edilir. Alacakl\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6yle bir ifaya raz\u0131 olmamas\u0131 veya kar\u015f\u0131 edimin b\u00f6l\u00fcnemeyen nitelikte olmas\u0131 durumunda, tam imk\u00e2ns\u0131zl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                III. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ifa g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/h2>

                                MADDE 138-<\/strong>\u00a0S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada taraflarca \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesi de beklenmeyen ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir durum, bor\u00e7ludan kaynaklanmayan bir sebeple ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada mevcut olgular\u0131, kendisinden ifan\u0131n istenmesini d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fecek derecede bor\u00e7lu aleyhine de\u011fi\u015ftirir ve bor\u00e7lu da borcunu hen\u00fcz ifa etmemi\u015f veya ifan\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015fmesinden do\u011fan haklar\u0131n\u0131 sakl\u0131 tutarak ifa etmi\u015f olursa bor\u00e7lu, h\u00e2kimden s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yeni ko\u015fullara uyarlanmas\u0131n\u0131 isteme, bu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nme hakk\u0131na sahiptir. S\u00fcrekli edimli s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde bor\u00e7lu, kural olarak d\u00f6nme hakk\u0131n\u0131n yerine fesih hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                Bu madde h\u00fckm\u00fc yabanc\u0131 para bor\u00e7lar\u0131nda da uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                1. Takas<\/strong><\/li>
                                2. Ko\u015fullar\u0131<\/strong><\/li>
                                3. Genel olarak<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                  MADDE 139-<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130ki ki\u015fi, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak bir miktar para veya \u00f6zde\u015f di\u011fer edimleri birbirine bor\u00e7lu olduklar\u0131 takdirde, her iki bor\u00e7 muaccel ise her biri alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 borcuyla takas edebilir.<\/p>

                                  Alacaklardan biri \u00e7eki\u015fmeli olsa bile takas ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir.<\/p>

                                  Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015f bir alaca\u011f\u0131n takas\u0131, ancak takas edilebilece\u011fi anda hen\u00fcz zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011framam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ko\u015fuluyla ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir.<\/p>

                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                  2. Kefalet h\u00e2linde<\/h2>

                                  MADDE 140-\u00a0As\u0131l bor\u00e7lunun takas\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrme hakk\u0131 bulunduk\u00e7a, kefili\u00a0de alacakl\u0131ya ifada bulunmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nabilir.<\/p>

                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                  3. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi yarar\u0131na s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00e2linde<\/h2>

                                  MADDE 141-<\/strong>\u00a0\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi yarar\u0131na bor\u00e7lanan ki\u015fi, bu borcu ile\u00a0<\/strong>s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin di\u011fer taraf\u0131ndan\u00a0<\/strong>olan alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 takas edemez.<\/p>

                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                  4. Bor\u00e7lunun iflas\u0131 h\u00e2linde<\/h2>

                                  MADDE 142-\u00a0<\/strong>Bor\u00e7lunun iflas\u0131 h\u00e2linde alacakl\u0131lar, muaccel olmasalar bile, alacaklar\u0131n\u0131, m\u00fcflise olan bor\u00e7lar\u0131 ile\u00a0<\/strong>takas edebilirler.<\/p>

                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                  II. H\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/h2>

                                  MADDE 143-\u00a0<\/strong>Takas, ancak bor\u00e7lunun takas iradesini alacakl\u0131ya bildirmesiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Bu durumda her iki bor\u00e7, takas edilebilecekleri anda daha az olan bor\u00e7 tutar\u0131nca sona erer.<\/p>

                                  Cari hesapla ilgili ticarete ili\u015fkin \u00f6zel team\u00fcller sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                  III. Alacakl\u0131n\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131yla takas edilebilir alacaklar<\/h2>

                                  MADDE 144-\u00a0<\/strong>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki alacaklar takas haklar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fumundan sonra, ancak\u00a0<\/strong>alacakl\u0131lar\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131yla takas edilebilir:<\/p>

                                  1. Tevdi edilmi\u015f e\u015fyan\u0131n geri verilmesine veya bedeline ili\u015fkin alacaklar.<\/li>
                                  2. Haks\u0131z olarak al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f veya aldatma sonucundaal\u0131konulmu\u015f e\u015fyan\u0131n geri verilmesine veya bedeline ili\u015fkin alacaklar.<\/li><\/ol>

                                    3. Nafaka ve i\u015f\u00e7i \u00fccreti gibi, bor\u00e7lunun ve ailesinin bak\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in zorunlu olup, \u00f6zel niteli\u011fi gere\u011fi, do\u011frudan alacakl\u0131ya verilmesi gereken alacaklar.<\/p>

                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                    IV. Takastan feragat<\/h2>

                                    MADDE 145-\u00a0<\/strong>Bor\u00e7lu, takas hakk\u0131ndan \u00f6nceden de feragat edebilir.<\/p>

                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                    \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 AYIRIM<\/h2>

                                    Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/p>

                                    A. S\u00fcreler<\/h2>

                                    I. On y\u0131ll\u0131k zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>

                                    MADDE 146-\u00a0Kanunda aksine bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a, her alacak on y\u0131ll\u0131k zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na tabidir.<\/p>

                                    \u00a0<\/h2>

                                    II. Be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>

                                    MADDE 147-<\/strong>\u00a0A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki alacaklar i\u00e7in be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 uygulan\u0131r:<\/p>

                                    1. Kira bedelleri, anapara faizleri ve \u00fccret gibi di\u011fer d\u00f6nemsel edimler.<\/li>
                                    2. Otel, motel, pansiyon ve tatil k\u00f6y\u00fc gibi yerlerdeki konaklama bedelleri ile lokanta ve benzeri yerlerdeki yeme i\u00e7me bedelleri.<\/li>
                                    3. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck sanat i\u015flerinden ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7apta perakende sat\u0131\u015flardan do\u011fan alacaklar.<\/li>
                                    4. Bir ortakl\u0131kta, ortakl\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden do\u011fan ve ortaklar\u0131n birbirleri veya kendileri ile ortakl\u0131k aras\u0131ndaki; bir ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n m\u00fcd\u00fcrleri, temsilcileri, denet\u00e7ileri ile ortakl\u0131k veya ortaklar aras\u0131ndaki alacaklar.<\/li>
                                    5. Vek\u00e2let, komisyon ve acental\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinden, ticari simsarl\u0131k \u00fccreti alaca\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, simsarl\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden do\u011fan alacaklar.<\/li>
                                    6. Y\u00fcklenicinin y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini a\u011f\u0131r kusuruyla hi\u00e7 ya da gere\u011fi gibi ifa etmemesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, eser s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden do\u011fan alacaklar.<\/li><\/ol>

                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                      III. S\u00fcrelerin kesinli\u011fi<\/h2>

                                      MADDE 148-<\/strong>\u00a0Bu ay\u0131r\u0131mda belirlenen zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcreleri, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilemez.<\/p>

                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                      IV. Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131<\/h2>

                                      1. Genel olarak<\/h2>

                                      MADDE 149-\u00a0<\/strong>Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131, alaca\u011f\u0131n muaccel olmas\u0131yla i\u015flemeye ba\u015flar.<\/p>

                                      Alaca\u011f\u0131n muaccel olmas\u0131n\u0131n bir bildirime ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu h\u00e2llerde, zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 bu bildirimin yap\u0131labilece\u011fi g\u00fcnden i\u015flemeye ba\u015flar.<\/p>

                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                      2. D\u00f6nemsel edimlerde<\/h2>

                                      MADDE 150-\u00a0<\/strong>\u00d6m\u00fcr boyunca gelir ve benzeri d\u00f6nemsel edimlerde, alaca\u011f\u0131n tamam\u0131 i\u00e7in zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131, ifa edilmemi\u015f ilk d\u00f6nemsel edimin muaccel oldu\u011fu g\u00fcnde i\u015flemeye ba\u015flar.<\/p>

                                      Alaca\u011f\u0131n tamam\u0131 zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015fsa, ifa edilmemi\u015f d\u00f6nemsel edimler de zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>

                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                      1. S\u00fcrelerin hesaplanmas\u0131<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                        MADDE 151-\u00a0<\/strong>S\u00fcreler hesaplan\u0131rken zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn say\u0131lmaz ve zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ancak s\u00fcrenin son g\u00fcn\u00fc de hak kullan\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n ge\u00e7ince ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olur.<\/p>

                                        Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcrelerinin hesaplanmas\u0131nda da, bor\u00e7lar\u0131n ifas\u0131ndaki s\u00fcrelerin hesaplanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                        B. Ba\u011fl\u0131 alacaklarda zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>

                                        MADDE 152-\u00a0As\u0131l alacak zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011fray\u0131nca, ona ba\u011fl\u0131 faiz ve di\u011fer alacaklar da zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015f olur.<\/h2>

                                        \u00a0<\/h2>

                                        C. Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n durmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                        MADDE 153-\u00a0<\/strong>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki durumlarda zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 i\u015flemeye ba\u015flamaz, ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fsa durur:<\/p>

                                        1. Velayet s\u00fcresince, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ana ve babalar\u0131ndan olan alacaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in.<\/li>
                                        2. Vesayet s\u00fcresince, vesayet alt\u0131nda bulunanlar\u0131n vasiden veya vesayet i\u015flemleri sebebiyle Devletten olan alacaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in.<\/li>
                                        3. Evlilik devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcrece, e\u015flerin di\u011ferinden olan alacaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in.<\/li>
                                        4. Hizmet ili\u015fkisi s\u00fcresince, ev hizmetlilerinin onlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ranlardan olan alacaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in.<\/li>
                                        5. Bor\u00e7lu, alacak \u00fczerinde intifa hakk\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu s\u00fcrece.<\/li>
                                        6. Alaca\u011f\u0131, T\u00fcrk mahkemelerinde ileri s\u00fcrme imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece.<\/li>
                                        7. Alacakl\u0131 ve bor\u00e7lu s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 ki\u015fide birle\u015fmesinde, birle\u015fmenin ileride ge\u00e7mi\u015fe etkili olarak ortadan kalkmas\u0131 durumunda, bu durumun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na kadar ge\u00e7ecek s\u00fcrece.<\/li><\/ol>

                                          Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 durduran sebeplerin ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcn bitiminde zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 i\u015flemeye ba\u015flar veya durmadan \u00f6nce ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olan i\u015flemesini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                          \u00a0<\/p>

                                          D. Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kesilmesi<\/h2>

                                          I. Sebepleri<\/h2>

                                          MADDE 154-\u00a0<\/strong>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki durumlarda zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 kesilir:<\/p>

                                          1. Bor\u00e7lu borcu ikrar etmi\u015fse, \u00f6zellikle faiz \u00f6demi\u015f veya k\u0131smen ifada bulunmu\u015fsa ya da rehin vermi\u015f veya kefil g\u00f6stermi\u015fse.<\/p>

                                          1. Alacakl\u0131, dava veya def\u2019i yoluyla mahkemeye veya hakeme ba\u015fvurmu\u015fsa, icra takibinde bulunmu\u015fsa ya da iflas masas\u0131na ba\u015fvurmu\u015fsa.<\/li><\/ol>

                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                            II. Birlikte bor\u00e7lulara etkisi<\/h2>

                                            MADDE 155-\u00a0<\/strong>Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fcteselsil bor\u00e7lulardan veya b\u00f6l\u00fcnemeyen borcun bor\u00e7lular\u0131ndan birine kar\u015f\u0131 kesilince, di\u011ferlerine kar\u015f\u0131 da kesilmi\u015f olur.<\/p>

                                            Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 as\u0131l bor\u00e7luya kar\u015f\u0131 kesilince, kefile kar\u015f\u0131 da kesilmi\u015f olur.<\/p>

                                            Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 kefile kar\u015f\u0131 kesilince, as\u0131l bor\u00e7luya kar\u015f\u0131 kesilmi\u015f olmaz.<\/p>

                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                            III. Yeni s\u00fcrenin ba\u015flamas\u0131<\/h2>

                                            1. Borcun ikrar edilmesi veya karara ba\u011flanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde<\/h2>

                                            MADDE 156-\u00a0<\/strong>Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kesilmesiyle, yeni bir s\u00fcre i\u015flemeye ba\u015flar.<\/p>

                                            Bor\u00e7 bir senetle ikrar edilmi\u015f veya bir mahkeme ya da hakem karar\u0131na ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f ise, yeni s\u00fcre her zaman on y\u0131ld\u0131r.<\/p>

                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                            2. Alacakl\u0131n\u0131n fiili h\u00e2linde<\/h2>

                                            MADDE 157-\u00a0<\/strong>Bir dava veya def\u2019i yoluyla kesilmi\u015f olan zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131, dava s\u00fcresince taraflar\u0131n yarg\u0131lamaya ili\u015fkin her i\u015fleminden veya h\u00e2kimin her karar\u0131ndan sonra yeniden i\u015flemeye ba\u015flar.<\/p>

                                            Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131, icra takibiyle kesilmi\u015fse, alaca\u011f\u0131n takibine ili\u015fkin her i\u015flemden sonra yeniden i\u015flemeye ba\u015flar.<\/p>

                                            Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131, iflas masas\u0131na\u00a0ba\u015fvurma sebebiyle kesilmi\u015fse, iflasa ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re alaca\u011f\u0131n yeniden istenmesi imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fumundan itibaren yeniden i\u015flemeye ba\u015flar.<\/p>

                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                            E. Davan\u0131n reddinde ek s\u00fcre<\/h2>

                                            MADDE 158-\u00a0<\/strong>Dava veya def\u2019i; mahkemenin yetkili\u00a0veya g\u00f6revli olmamas\u0131 ya da d\u00fczeltilebilecek bir yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131k yap\u0131lmas\u0131 yahut\u00a0vaktinden \u00f6nce a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle reddedilmi\u015f olup da o arada zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 veya hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcre dolmu\u015fsa, alacakl\u0131 altm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcnl\u00fck ek s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilir.<\/p>

                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                            F. Ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r rehni ile g\u00fcvenceye ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f alacakta<\/h2>

                                            MADDE 159-<\/strong>\u00a0Alaca\u011f\u0131n bir ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r rehniyle g\u00fcvenceye ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, bu alacak i\u00e7in zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flemesine engel olmaz; bununla birlikte alacakl\u0131n\u0131n, hakk\u0131n\u0131 rehinden alma yetkisi devam eder.<\/p>

                                            \u00a0<\/h2>

                                            G. Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan feragat<\/h2>

                                            MADDE 160-<\/strong>\u00a0Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nceden feragat edilemez.<\/p>

                                            M\u00fcteselsil bor\u00e7lulardan birinin feragat etmi\u015f olmas\u0131, di\u011ferlerine kar\u015f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclemez.<\/p>

                                            B\u00f6l\u00fcnemez bir borcun bor\u00e7lular\u0131ndan birinin feragat etmi\u015f olmas\u0131 durumunda da ayn\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                            As\u0131l bor\u00e7lunun\u00a0feragati\u00a0de kefile kar\u015f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclemez.<\/p>

                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                            H. \u0130leri s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi<\/h2>

                                            MADDE 161-\u00a0Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmedik\u00e7e, h\u00e2kim bunu kendili\u011finden g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne alamaz.<\/p>

                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                            D\u00d6RD\u00dcNC\u00dc B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/h2>

                                            Bor\u00e7 \u0130li\u015fkilerinde \u00d6zel Durumlar<\/h2>

                                            \u00a0<\/h2>

                                            B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 AYIRIM<\/h2>

                                            Tesels\u00fcl<\/h2>

                                            A. M\u00fcteselsil bor\u00e7luluk<\/h2>

                                            I. Do\u011fu\u015fu<\/h2>

                                            MADDE 162-<\/strong>\u00a0Birden \u00e7ok bor\u00e7ludan her biri, alacakl\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 borcun tamam\u0131ndan sorumlu olmay\u0131 kabul etti\u011fini bildirirse, m\u00fcteselsil bor\u00e7luluk do\u011far.<\/p>

                                            B\u00f6yle bir bildirim yoksa, m\u00fcteselsil bor\u00e7luluk ancak kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen h\u00e2llerde do\u011far.<\/p>

                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                            II. D\u0131\u015f ili\u015fki<\/h2>

                                            1. H\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/h2>

                                            a. Bor\u00e7lular\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu<\/h2>

                                            MADDE 163-<\/strong>\u00a0Alacakl\u0131, borcun tamam\u0131n\u0131n veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ifas\u0131n\u0131, dilerse bor\u00e7lular\u0131n hepsinden, dilerse yaln\u0131z birinden isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                            Bor\u00e7lular\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu, borcun\u00a0tamam\u0131 \u00f6deninceye kadar devam eder.<\/p>

                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                            1. Bor\u00e7lular\u0131n savunmalar\u0131<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                              MADDE 164-<\/strong>\u00a0M\u00fcteselsil bor\u00e7lulardan biri, alacakl\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131, ancak onunla kendi aras\u0131ndaki ki\u015fisel ili\u015fkilerden veya m\u00fcteselsil borcun sebep ya da konusundan do\u011fan def\u2019i ve itirazlar\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrebilir.<\/p>

                                              M\u00fcteselsil bor\u00e7lulardan biri ortak def\u2019i ve itirazlar\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrmezse, di\u011ferlerine kar\u015f\u0131 sorumlu olur.<\/p>

                                              \u00a0<\/p>

                                              c. Bor\u00e7lular\u0131n bireysel davran\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/h2>

                                              MADDE 165-\u00a0<\/strong>Kanun veya s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile aksi belirlenmedik\u00e7e, bor\u00e7lulardan biri kendi davran\u0131\u015f\u0131yla di\u011fer bor\u00e7lular\u0131n durumunu a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131ramaz.<\/p>

                                              \u00a0<\/p>

                                              1. Borcun sona ermesi<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                MADDE 166-<\/strong>\u00a0Bor\u00e7lulardan biri, ifa veya takasla borcun tamam\u0131n\u0131 veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 sona erdirmi\u015fse, bu oranda di\u011fer bor\u00e7lular\u0131 da bor\u00e7tan kurtarm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>

                                                Bor\u00e7lulardan biri, alacakl\u0131ya ifada bulunmaks\u0131z\u0131n bor\u00e7tan kurtulmu\u015fsa, di\u011fer bor\u00e7lular bundan, ancak durumun veya borcun niteli\u011finin elverdi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yararlanabilirler.<\/p>

                                                Alacakl\u0131n\u0131n bor\u00e7lulardan biriyle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, di\u011fer bor\u00e7lular\u0131 da ibra edilen bor\u00e7lunun i\u00e7 ili\u015fkideki borca kat\u0131lma pay\u0131 oran\u0131nda bor\u00e7tan kurtar\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                III. \u0130\u00e7 ili\u015fki<\/h2>

                                                1. Payla\u015f\u0131m<\/h2>

                                                MADDE 167-\u00a0<\/strong>Aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a veya bor\u00e7lular aras\u0131ndaki hukuki ili\u015fkinin niteli\u011finden anla\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a, bor\u00e7lulardan her biri, alacakl\u0131ya yap\u0131lan ifadan, birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 e\u015fit paylarla sorumludurlar.<\/p>

                                                Kendisine d\u00fc\u015fen paydan fazla ifada bulunan bor\u00e7lunun, \u00f6dedi\u011fi fazla miktar\u0131 di\u011fer bor\u00e7lulardan isteme hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu durumda bor\u00e7lu, her bir bor\u00e7luya ancak pay\u0131 oran\u0131nda r\u00fccu edebilir.<\/p>

                                                Bor\u00e7lulardan birinden al\u0131namayan miktar\u0131, di\u011fer bor\u00e7lular e\u015fit olarak \u00fcstlenmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcrler.<\/p>

                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                2. Alacakl\u0131ya halef olma<\/h2>

                                                MADDE 168-\u00a0<\/strong>Di\u011ferlerine r\u00fccu hakk\u0131na sahip olan bor\u00e7lulardan her biri, ifa etti\u011fi miktar oran\u0131nda alacakl\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131na halef\u00a0<\/strong>olur.<\/p>

                                                Alacakl\u0131 di\u011ferlerinin zarar\u0131na olarak bor\u00e7lulardan birinin durumunu iyile\u015ftirirse, bunun sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na katlan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                B. M\u00fcteselsil alacakl\u0131l\u0131k<\/h2>

                                                MADDE 169-\u00a0<\/strong>M\u00fcteselsil alacakl\u0131l\u0131k, bor\u00e7lunun, alacakl\u0131lardan her birine borcun tamam\u0131n\u0131 isteme hakk\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya kanunun belirledi\u011fi durumlarda do\u011far.<\/p>

                                                Bor\u00e7lu, alacakl\u0131lardan birine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifayla, b\u00fct\u00fcn alacakl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 borcundan kurtulmu\u015f olur.<\/p>

                                                Alacakl\u0131lardan birinin icraya veya mahkemeye ba\u015fvurmu\u015f oldu\u011fu kendisine bildirilmedik\u00e7e, bor\u00e7lu onlardan diledi\u011fi birine ifada bulunabilir.<\/p>

                                                Aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a veya alacakl\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki hukuki ili\u015fkinin niteli\u011finden anla\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a, alacakl\u0131lardan her birinin edim \u00fczerindeki haklar\u0131 e\u015fittir.<\/p>

                                                Kendisine d\u00fc\u015fen paydan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 elde eden alacakl\u0131, bu fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131 pay\u0131n\u0131 alamam\u0131\u015f olan di\u011fer alacakl\u0131lara \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 AYIRIM<\/h2>

                                                Ko\u015fullar<\/h2>

                                                A. Geciktirici ko\u015ful<\/h2>

                                                I. Genel olarak<\/h2>

                                                MADDE 170-\u00a0<\/strong>Bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade etmesi, ger\u00e7ekle\u015fip ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeyece\u011fi bilinmeyen bir olguya b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, s\u00f6zle\u015fme geciktirici ko\u015fula ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>

                                                Aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa, geciktirici\u00a0<\/strong>ko\u015fula ba\u011fl\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme, ancak ko\u015fulun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi andan ba\u015flayarak h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade eder.<\/p>

                                                \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                II. Ko\u015fulun ask\u0131da oldu\u011fu s\u0131radaki durum<\/h2>

                                                MADDE 171-\u00a0Ko\u015ful ger\u00e7ekle\u015finceye kadar bor\u00e7lu, borcun gere\u011fi gibi ifas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyecek her t\u00fcrl\u00fc davran\u0131\u015ftan ka\u00e7\u0131nmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/h2>

                                                Ko\u015fula ba\u011fl\u0131 hakk\u0131 tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclen alacakl\u0131, alaca\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fula ba\u011fl\u0131 olmayan alacakl\u0131lar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 korumak \u00fczere ba\u015fvurabilecekleri \u00f6nlemleri alabilir.<\/p>

                                                Ko\u015fulun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesinden \u00f6nce yap\u0131lan tasarruflar, ko\u015fulun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini zedeledi\u011fi oranda ge\u00e7ersiz olur.<\/p>

                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                III. Ko\u015ful ger\u00e7ekle\u015finceye kadar elde edilen yararlar<\/h2>

                                                MADDE 172-\u00a0<\/strong>Borcun konusunu olu\u015fturan \u015fey, ko\u015fulun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesinden \u00f6nce kendisine verilen alacakl\u0131, ko\u015ful ger\u00e7ekle\u015firse, ko\u015fulun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesine kadar elde etti\u011fi yararlar\u0131n sahibi olur.<\/p>

                                                Ko\u015ful ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmezse alacakl\u0131, elde etti\u011fi yararlar\u0131 geri vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                B. Bozucu ko\u015ful<\/h2>

                                                MADDE 173-\u00a0<\/strong>Sona ermesi \u00f6nceden ger\u00e7ekle\u015fip ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeyece\u011fi bilinmeyen bir olguya b\u0131rak\u0131lan s\u00f6zle\u015fme, bozucu ko\u015fula ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>

                                                Bozucu ko\u015fula ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, ko\u015fulun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi anda ortadan kalkar.<\/p>

                                                Aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a veya i\u015fin niteli\u011finden anla\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a sona erme, ge\u00e7mi\u015fe etkili olmaz.<\/p>

                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                C. Ortak h\u00fck\u00fcmler<\/h2>

                                                I. Ko\u015fulun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi<\/h2>

                                                MADDE 174-<\/strong>\u00a0Ko\u015ful, taraflardan birinin bizzat yerine getirmesi gerekli bir davran\u0131\u015f de\u011filse, o taraf\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc h\u00e2linde miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 onun yerine ge\u00e7ebilir.<\/p>

                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                II. D\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 engelleme<\/h2>

                                                MADDE 175-<\/strong>\u00a0Taraflardan biri, ko\u015fulun\u00a0ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesine d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131na\u00a0ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak engel olursa, ko\u015ful ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                Taraflardan biri, ko\u015fulun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 bi\u00e7imde sa\u011flarsa, ko\u015ful ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                III. Yasak ko\u015fullar<\/h2>

                                                MADDE 176-<\/strong>\u00a0Bir ko\u015ful, hukuka veya ahlaka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir yapma veya yapmama fiilini sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla konulmu\u015fsa, bu ko\u015fula ba\u011fl\u0131 hukuki i\u015flem kesin olarak h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                \u00dc\u00c7\u00dcNC\u00dc AYIRIM<\/h2>

                                                Ba\u011flanma Paras\u0131, Cayma Paras\u0131 ve Ceza Ko\u015fulu<\/h2>

                                                A. Ba\u011flanma paras\u0131<\/h2>

                                                MADDE 177-\u00a0<\/strong>S\u00f6zle\u015fme yap\u0131l\u0131rken bir kimsenin vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu bir miktar para, cayma paras\u0131 olarak de\u011fil s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na kan\u0131t olarak verilmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                Aksine s\u00f6zle\u015fme veya yerel \u00e2det olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, ba\u011flanma paras\u0131 esas alacaktan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                B. Cayma paras\u0131<\/h2>

                                                MADDE 178-\u00a0<\/strong>Cayma paras\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, taraflardan her biri s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden caymaya yetkili say\u0131l\u0131r; bu durumda paray\u0131 vermi\u015f olan cayarsa verdi\u011fini b\u0131rak\u0131r; alm\u0131\u015f olan cayarsa ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n iki kat\u0131n\u0131 geri verir.<\/p>

                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                C. Ceza ko\u015fulu<\/h2>

                                                I. Alacakl\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                1. Cezan\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ifas\u0131 ile ili\u015fkisi<\/h2>

                                                MADDE 179-<\/strong>\u00a0Bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin hi\u00e7 veya gere\u011fi gibi ifa edilmemesi durumu i\u00e7in bir ceza kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, aksi s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden anla\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a alacakl\u0131, ya borcun ya da cezan\u0131n ifas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                Ceza, borcun belirlenen zaman veya yerde ifa edilmemesi durumu i\u00e7in kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa alacakl\u0131, hakk\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a feragat etmi\u015f veya ifay\u0131 \u00e7ekincesiz olarak kabul etmi\u015f olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, as\u0131l bor\u00e7la birlikte cezan\u0131n ifas\u0131n\u0131 da isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                Bor\u00e7lunun, kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan cezay\u0131 ifa ederek s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi, d\u00f6nme veya fesih suretiyle sona erdirmeye yetkili oldu\u011funu ispat etme hakk\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                2. Ceza ile zarar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki<\/h2>

                                                MADDE 180-\u00a0<\/strong>Alacakl\u0131 hi\u00e7bir zarara u\u011framam\u0131\u015f olsa bile, kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan cezan\u0131n ifas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>

                                                Alacakl\u0131n\u0131n u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarar kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan ceza tutar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131yorsa alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7lunun kusuru bulundu\u011funu ispat etmedik\u00e7e a\u015fan miktar\u0131 isteyemez.<\/p>

                                                \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                3. K\u0131smi ifan\u0131n yanmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                MADDE 181-<\/strong>\u00a0Ceza ko\u015fuluna ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler, d\u00f6nme durumunda ifa edilmi\u015f olan k\u0131sm\u0131n alacakl\u0131ya kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren s\u00f6zle\u015fmelere de uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                Taksitle sat\u0131\u015fa ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                II. Cezan\u0131n miktar\u0131, ge\u00e7ersizli\u011fi ve indirilmesi<\/h2>

                                                MADDE 182-\u00a0<\/strong>Taraflar, cezan\u0131n miktar\u0131n\u0131 serbest\u00e7e belirleyebilirler.<\/p>

                                                As\u0131l bor\u00e7 herhangi bir sebeple ge\u00e7ersiz ise veya aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a sonradan bor\u00e7lunun sorumlu tutulamayaca\u011f\u0131 bir sebeple imk\u00e2ns\u0131z h\u00e2le gelmi\u015fse, cezan\u0131n ifas\u0131 istenemez. Ceza ko\u015fulunun ge\u00e7ersiz olmas\u0131 veya bor\u00e7lunun sorumlu tutulamayaca\u011f\u0131 bir sebeple sonradan imk\u00e2ns\u0131z h\u00e2le gelmesi, as\u0131l borcun ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini etkilemez.<\/p>

                                                H\u00e2kim, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ceza ko\u015fulunu kendili\u011finden indirir.<\/p>

                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                BE\u015e\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/h2>

                                                Bor\u00e7 \u0130li\u015fkilerinde Taraf De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri<\/h2>

                                                \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 AYIRIM<\/h2>

                                                Alaca\u011f\u0131n Devri<\/h2>

                                                A. Ko\u015fullar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                I. \u0130radi devir<\/h2>

                                                1. Genel olarak<\/h2>

                                                MADDE 183-\u00a0<\/strong>Kanun, s\u00f6zle\u015fme veya i\u015fin niteli\u011fi engel olmad\u0131k\u00e7a alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7lunun r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 aramaks\u0131z\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015fiye devredebilir.<\/p>

                                                Bor\u00e7lu, devir yasa\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7ermeyen yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir bor\u00e7 tan\u0131mas\u0131na g\u00fcvenerek alaca\u011f\u0131 devralm\u0131\u015f olan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye kar\u015f\u0131, alaca\u011f\u0131n devredilemeyece\u011finin kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulundu\u011fu savunmas\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcremez.<\/p>

                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                2. \u015eekli<\/h2>

                                                MADDE 184-<\/strong>\u00a0Alaca\u011f\u0131n devrinin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi, yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                Alaca\u011f\u0131n devri s\u00f6z\u00fc verme, \u015fekle ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>

                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                II. Yasal veya yarg\u0131sal devir ve etkisi<\/h2>

                                                MADDE 185-<\/strong>\u00a0Alaca\u011f\u0131n devri kanun veya mahkeme karar\u0131 gere\u011fince ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015fse, bu devir \u00f6zel bir \u015fekle ve \u00f6nceki alacakl\u0131n\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na gerek olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir.<\/p>

                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                B. Devrin h\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/h2>

                                                I. Bor\u00e7lunun durumu<\/h2>

                                                1. \u0130yiniyetle yap\u0131lan ifa<\/h2>

                                                MADDE 186\u2013\u00a0<\/strong>Bor\u00e7lu, alaca\u011f\u0131n devredildi\u011fi, devreden veya devralan taraf\u0131ndan kendisine bildirilmemi\u015fse, \u00f6nceki alacakl\u0131ya; alacak birka\u00e7 kez devredilmi\u015fse, son devralan yerine \u00f6nceki devralanlardan birine iyiniyetle ifada bulunarak borcundan kurtulur.<\/p>

                                                \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                2. \u0130fadan ka\u00e7\u0131nma ve tevdi<\/h2>

                                                MADDE 187-<\/strong>\u00a0Kime ait oldu\u011fu \u00e7eki\u015fmeli bulunan bir alaca\u011f\u0131n bor\u00e7lusu, ifadan ka\u00e7\u0131nabilir ve alaca\u011f\u0131n konusunu h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen yere tevdi etmekle bor\u00e7tan kurtulur.<\/p>

                                                Bor\u00e7lu, alaca\u011f\u0131n \u00e7eki\u015fmeli oldu\u011funu bildi\u011fi h\u00e2lde ifada bulunursa, bundan do\u011facak sonu\u00e7lardan sorumlu olur.<\/p>

                                                Dava konusu olan \u00e7eki\u015fme mahkemece hen\u00fcz sonuca ba\u011flanmam\u0131\u015f ve bor\u00e7 da muaccel ise, taraflardan her biri bor\u00e7luyu, edimi tevdi etmeye zorlayabilir.<\/p>

                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                3. Bor\u00e7luya ait savunmalar<\/h2>

                                                MADDE 188-<\/strong>\u00a0Bor\u00e7lu, devri \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi s\u0131rada devredene kar\u015f\u0131 sahip oldu\u011fu savunmalar\u0131, devralana kar\u015f\u0131 da ileri s\u00fcrebilir.<\/p>

                                                Bor\u00e7lu, devri \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi anda muaccel olmayan alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, devredilen alacaktan \u00f6nce veya onunla ayn\u0131 anda muaccel olmas\u0131 ko\u015fuluyla borcu ile takas edebilir.<\/p>

                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                II. \u00d6ncelik haklar\u0131 ve ba\u011fl\u0131 haklar\u0131n ge\u00e7i\u015fi<\/h2>

                                                MADDE 189-<\/strong>\u00a0Alaca\u011f\u0131n devri ile devredenin ki\u015fili\u011fine \u00f6zg\u00fc olanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00f6ncelik haklar\u0131 ve ba\u011fl\u0131 haklar da devralana ge\u00e7er.<\/p>

                                                As\u0131l alacakla birlikte i\u015flemi\u015f faizler de devredilmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                III. Senet ve belgelerin teslimi ve bilgi verilmesi<\/h2>

                                                MADDE 190-<\/strong>\u00a0Devreden, devralana alacak senedi ile elinde bulunan ispatla ilgili di\u011fer belgeleri teslim etmek ve alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrebilmesi i\u00e7in gerekli bilgileri vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                IV. Garanti<\/h2>

                                                1. Genel olarak<\/h2>

                                                MADDE 191-<\/strong>\u00a0Alacak, bir edim kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda devredilmi\u015fse devreden, devir s\u0131ras\u0131nda alaca\u011f\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bor\u00e7lunun \u00f6deme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip oldu\u011funu garanti etmi\u015f olur.<\/p>

                                                Alacak bir edim kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n devredilmi\u015f ya da kanun gere\u011fince ba\u015fkas\u0131na ge\u00e7mi\u015fse, devreden veya \u00f6nceki alacakl\u0131, alaca\u011f\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve bor\u00e7lunun \u00f6deme g\u00fcc\u00fcnden sorumlu de\u011fildir.<\/p>

                                                \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                2. \u0130faya y\u00f6nelik devir<\/h2>

                                                MADDE 192-\u00a0<\/strong>Alacakl\u0131, alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 borcu ifaya y\u00f6nelik olarak devretmekle birlikte borca mahsup edilecek miktar\u0131 belirlememi\u015fse devralan, ancak bor\u00e7ludan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya gereken \u00f6zeni g\u00f6sterseydi alabilecek oldu\u011fu miktar\u0131, kendi alaca\u011f\u0131na mahsup etmek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                3. Sorumlulu\u011fun kapsam\u0131<\/h2>

                                                MADDE 193-<\/strong>\u00a0Devralan garanti ile y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olan devredenden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki istemlerde bulunabilir:<\/p>

                                                1. \u0130fa etti\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131 edimin faizi ile birlikte geri verilmesini.<\/li>
                                                2. Devrin sebep oldu\u011fu giderleri.<\/li>
                                                3. Bor\u00e7luya kar\u015f\u0131 devrald\u0131\u011f\u0131 alaca\u011f\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7suz giri\u015fimlerin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 giderleri.<\/li>
                                                4. Devreden kusursuzlu\u011funu ispat etmedik\u00e7e u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer zararlar\u0131n\u0131.<\/li><\/ol>

                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                  C. \u00d6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin sakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h2>

                                                  MADDE 194-<\/strong>\u00a0Baz\u0131 haklar\u0131n devrine \u00f6zg\u00fc olarak kanunla konulmu\u015f bulunan h\u00fck\u00fcmler sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                  \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 AYIRIM<\/h2>

                                                  Borcun \u00dcstlenilmesi<\/h2>

                                                  A. \u0130\u00e7 \u00fcstlenme s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/h2>

                                                  MADDE 195-\u00a0<\/strong>Bor\u00e7lu ile i\u00e7 \u00fcstlenme s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yapan ki\u015fi, borcu bizzat ifa ederek veya alacakl\u0131n\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131yla borcu \u00fcstlenerek, bor\u00e7luyu borcundan kurtarma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc alt\u0131na girmi\u015f olur.<\/p>

                                                  Bor\u00e7lu, i\u00e7 \u00fcstlenme s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden do\u011fan bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ifa etmedik\u00e7e, di\u011fer taraftan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yerine getirmesini isteyemez.<\/p>

                                                  Bor\u00e7lu, borcundan kurtar\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa, di\u011fer taraftan g\u00fcvence isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                  B. D\u0131\u015f \u00fcstlenme s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/h2>

                                                  I. \u00d6neri ve kabul<\/h2>

                                                  MADDE 196-<\/strong>\u00a0Bor\u00e7lunun yerine yenisinin ge\u00e7mesi ve borcundan kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131, borcu \u00fcstlenen ile alacakl\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle olur.<\/p>

                                                  \u0130\u00e7 \u00fcstlenme s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin, \u00fcstlenen veya onun izni ile bor\u00e7lu taraf\u0131ndan alacakl\u0131ya bildirilmesi, d\u0131\u015f \u00fcstlenme s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00f6neri anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>

                                                  Alacakl\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k veya \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc olabilir. Alacakl\u0131, \u00e7ekince ileri s\u00fcrmeksizin \u00fcstlenenin ifas\u0131n\u0131 kabul eder veya onun bor\u00e7lu s\u0131fat\u0131 ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer herhangi bir i\u015fleme r\u0131za g\u00f6sterirse, borcun \u00fcstlenilmesini kabul etmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                  II. \u00d6nerinin ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h2>

                                                  MADDE 197-\u00a0<\/strong>Borcun \u00fcstlenilmesine ili\u015fkin\u00a0<\/strong>\u00f6neri alacakl\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan her zaman kabul edilebilir. Ancak, \u00fcstlenen veya \u00f6nceki bor\u00e7lu, kabul i\u00e7in bir s\u00fcre koyabilir. Alacakl\u0131 bu s\u00fcrenin bitimine kadar susarsa, \u00f6neri reddedilmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                  \u00d6nerinin alacakl\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmesinden \u00f6nce yeni bir i\u00e7 \u00fcstlenme s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yap\u0131l\u0131r ve bu ikinci \u00fcstlenmeye ili\u015fkin olarak alacakl\u0131ya \u00f6neride bulunulursa, ilk \u00f6neride bulunan, \u00f6nerisi ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olmaktan kurtulur.<\/p>

                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                  C. Bor\u00e7lunun de\u011fi\u015fmesinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                  I. Ba\u011fl\u0131 hak ve bor\u00e7lar<\/h2>

                                                  MADDE 198-\u00a0<\/strong>Bor\u00e7lu de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f olsa bile, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n bor\u00e7lunun ki\u015fili\u011fine \u00f6zg\u00fc olanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ba\u011fl\u0131 haklar\u0131 sakl\u0131 kal\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                  Bununla birlikte borcun g\u00fcvencesi olarak rehin veren \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015finin ve kefilin sorumluluklar\u0131, ancak onlar\u0131n borcun \u00fcstlenilmesine yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak r\u0131za g\u00f6stermeleri h\u00e2linde devam eder.<\/p>

                                                  \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                  II. Savunmalar<\/h2>

                                                  MADDE 199-\u00a0<\/strong>\u00dcstlenilen borca ili\u015fkin savunmalar\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrme hakk\u0131, yeni bor\u00e7luya ge\u00e7er.<\/p>

                                                  D\u0131\u015f \u00fcstlenme s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden aksi anla\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a yeni bor\u00e7lu, alacakl\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nceki bor\u00e7lunun ileri s\u00fcrebilece\u011fi ki\u015fisel savunmalarda bulunamaz.<\/p>

                                                  Yeni bor\u00e7lu, i\u00e7 \u00fcstlenme s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden kaynaklanan savunmalar\u0131 alacakl\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcremez.<\/p>

                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                  D. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/h2>

                                                  MADDE 200-<\/strong>\u00a0D\u0131\u015f \u00fcstlenme s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz h\u00e2le gelirse, iyiniyetli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin haklar\u0131 sakl\u0131 kalmak \u00fczere, eski bor\u00e7 b\u00fct\u00fcn ba\u011fl\u0131 bor\u00e7lar\u0131yla birlikte varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                  Bundan ba\u015fka, borcu \u00fcstlenen \u00fcstlenme s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz h\u00e2le gelmesinde ve alacakl\u0131n\u0131n zarara u\u011framas\u0131nda kendisine bir kusur y\u00fcklenemeyece\u011fini ispat etmedik\u00e7e alacakl\u0131, \u00f6nceden sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcvenceyi yitirmesi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden veya ba\u015fka herhangi bir sebeple u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarar\u0131n giderilmesini \u00fcstlenenden isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                  E. Borca kat\u0131lma<\/h2>

                                                  MADDE 201-\u00a0Borca kat\u0131lma, mevcut bir borca bor\u00e7lunun yan\u0131nda yer almak \u00fczere, kat\u0131lan ile alacakl\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ve kat\u0131lan\u0131n, bor\u00e7lu ile birlikte bor\u00e7tan sorumlu olmas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furan bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir.<\/p>

                                                  Borca kat\u0131lan ile bor\u00e7lu, alacakl\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcteselsilen sorumlu olurlar.<\/p>

                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                  F. Malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n veya i\u015fletmenin devral\u0131nmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                  MADDE 202-<\/strong>\u00a0Bir malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 veya bir i\u015fletmeyi aktif ve pasifleri ile birlikte devralan, bunu alacakl\u0131lara bildirdi\u011fi veya ticari i\u015fletmeler i\u00e7in Ticaret Sicili Gazetesinde, di\u011ferleri i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye genelinde da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lan gazetelerden birinde yay\u0131mlanacak ilanla duyurdu\u011fu tarihten ba\u015flayarak, onlara kar\u015f\u0131 malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki veya i\u015fletmedeki bor\u00e7lardan sorumlu olur.<\/p>

                                                  Bununla birlikte, iki y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle \u00f6nceki bor\u00e7lu da devralanla birlikte m\u00fcteselsil bor\u00e7lu olarak sorumlu kal\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre, muaccel bor\u00e7lar i\u00e7in, bildirme veya duyuru tarihinden; daha sonra muaccel olacak bor\u00e7lar i\u00e7in ise, muacceliyet tarihinden i\u015flemeye ba\u015flar.<\/p>

                                                  Bor\u00e7lar\u0131n bu yoldan \u00fcstlenilmesinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, d\u0131\u015f \u00fcstlenme s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden do\u011fan sonu\u00e7larla \u00f6zde\u015ftir.<\/p>

                                                  Bildirme veya ilanla duyurma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc devralan taraf\u0131ndan yerine getirilmedik\u00e7e, ikinci f\u0131krada \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen iki y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u015flemeye ba\u015flamaz.<\/p>

                                                  \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                  G. \u0130\u015fletmelerin birle\u015fmesi ve \u015fekil de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi<\/h2>

                                                  MADDE 203-\u00a0<\/strong>Bir i\u015fletme, ba\u015fka bir i\u015fletme ile aktif ve pasiflerin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak devral\u0131nmas\u0131 ya da birinin di\u011ferine kat\u0131lmas\u0131 yoluyla birle\u015ftirilirse, her iki i\u015fletmenin alacakl\u0131lar\u0131, bir malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n devral\u0131nmas\u0131ndan do\u011fan haklara sahip olup, b\u00fct\u00fcn alacaklar\u0131n\u0131 yeni i\u015fletmeden alabilirler.<\/p>

                                                  Bir tek ki\u015fiye ait olup da, kollektif veya komandit ortakl\u0131k h\u00e2line d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclen bir i\u015fletmenin bor\u00e7lar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                  H. \u00d6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin sakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h2>

                                                  MADDE 204-\u00a0Miras\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve rehinli ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n devri konusundaki borcun \u00fcstlenilmesine ili\u015fkin \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmler sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                  \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                  \u00dc\u00c7\u00dcNC\u00dc AYIRIM<\/h2>

                                                  S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin Devri ve S\u00f6zle\u015fmeye Kat\u0131lma<\/h2>

                                                  A. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin devri<\/h2>

                                                  MADDE 205-\u00a0S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin devri, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi devralan ile devreden ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmede kalan taraf aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ve devredenin bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan taraf olma s\u0131fat\u0131 ile birlikte b\u00fct\u00fcn hak ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 devralana ge\u00e7iren bir anla\u015fmad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                  S\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi devralan ile devreden aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmede kalan di\u011fer taraf\u00e7a \u00f6nceden verilen izne dayanan veya sonradan onaylanan anla\u015fma da, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin devri h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine tabidir.<\/p>

                                                  S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin devrinin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi, devredilen s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin \u015fekline ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                  Kanundan do\u011fan halefiyet h\u00e2lleri ile di\u011fer \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmler sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                  B. S\u00f6zle\u015fmeye kat\u0131lma<\/h2>

                                                  MADDE 206-\u00a0S\u00f6zle\u015fmeye kat\u0131lma, mevcut bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye taraflardan birinin yan\u0131nda yer almak \u00fczere, kat\u0131lan ile bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin taraflar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ve kat\u0131lan\u0131n, yan\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarafla birlikte, onun hak ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furan bir anla\u015fmad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                  Anla\u015fmada aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye kat\u0131lan ile yan\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin di\u011fer taraf\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcteselsilen alacakl\u0131 ve bor\u00e7lu olurlar.<\/p>

                                                  S\u00f6zle\u015fmeye kat\u0131lman\u0131n ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi, kat\u0131lma konusu s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin \u015fekline ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                  \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 KISIM<\/h2>

                                                  \u00d6zel Bor\u00e7 \u0130li\u015fkileri<\/h2>

                                                  \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                  B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/h2>

                                                  Sat\u0131\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/h2>

                                                  \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                  B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 AYIRIM<\/h2>

                                                  Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler<\/h2>

                                                  A. Tan\u0131m\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/h2>

                                                  MADDE 207-\u00a0<\/strong>Sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n,\u00a0<\/strong>sat\u0131lan\u0131n\u00a0<\/strong>zilyetlik ve m\u00fclkiyetini al\u0131c\u0131ya\u00a0<\/strong>devretme, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ise buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bir bedel \u00f6deme borcunu \u00fcstlendi\u011fi s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir.<\/p>

                                                  S\u00f6zle\u015fme ile aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a veya aksine bir \u00e2det bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a, sat\u0131c\u0131 ve al\u0131c\u0131 bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ayn\u0131 anda ifa etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcrler.<\/p>

                                                  Durum ve ko\u015fullara g\u00f6re belirlenmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan bedel, kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bedel h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir.<\/p>

                                                  \u00a0<\/span><\/p>

                                                  1. Yarar ve hasar<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                    MADDE 208-<\/strong>\u00a0Kanundan, durumun gere\u011finden veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmede \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00f6zel ko\u015fullardan do\u011fan ayr\u0131k h\u00e2ller d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, sat\u0131lan\u0131n yarar ve hasar\u0131; ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda zilyetli\u011fin devri, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda ise tescil an\u0131na kadar sat\u0131c\u0131ya aittir.<\/p>

                                                    Ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131lan\u0131n zilyetli\u011fini devralmada temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fmesi durumunda zilyetli\u011fin devri ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f\u00e7esine sat\u0131lan\u0131n yarar ve hasar\u0131 al\u0131c\u0131ya ge\u00e7er.<\/p>

                                                    Sat\u0131c\u0131 al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n iste\u011fi \u00fczerine sat\u0131lan\u0131 ifa yerinden ba\u015fka bir yere g\u00f6nderirse, yarar ve hasar, sat\u0131lan\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131ya teslim edildi\u011fi anda al\u0131c\u0131ya ge\u00e7er.<\/p>

                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                    \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 AYIRIM<\/h2>

                                                    Ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r Sat\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/h2>

                                                    A. Konusu<\/h2>

                                                    MADDE 209-\u00a0<\/strong>Ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r sat\u0131\u015f\u0131, T\u00fcrk Meden\u00ee Kanunu uyar\u0131nca ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u00a0say\u0131lanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ve di\u011fer kanunlarda ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r olarak belirtilen \u015feylerin sat\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                    \u00dcr\u00fcnler, bir yap\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ve ta\u015f oca\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak ta\u015flar gibi, ta\u015f\u0131nmazdan ayr\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra m\u00fclkiyeti devredilecek b\u00fct\u00fcnleyici par\u00e7alar\u0131n sat\u0131lmas\u0131 da ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r sat\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                    B. Sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n bor\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                    I. Zilyetli\u011fin devri<\/h2>

                                                    1. Kural<\/h2>

                                                    MADDE 210-\u00a0<\/strong>Sat\u0131c\u0131, sat\u0131lan\u0131n m\u00fclkiyetini ge\u00e7irmek amac\u0131yla, zilyetli\u011fini al\u0131c\u0131ya devretmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                    2. Devir ve ta\u015f\u0131ma giderleri<\/h2>

                                                    MADDE 211-\u00a0<\/strong>Aksine s\u00f6zle\u015fme veya \u00e2det yoksa, \u00f6l\u00e7me ve tartma gibi devir giderleri sat\u0131c\u0131ya, sat\u0131lan\u0131 devralmak \u00fczere yap\u0131lan giderler ve sat\u0131lan\u0131n ifa yerinden ba\u015fka yere ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finde, ta\u015f\u0131ma giderleri al\u0131c\u0131ya aittir.<\/p>

                                                    Gidersiz devir kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, sat\u0131c\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131ma giderlerini \u00fcstlenmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                    Liman ve g\u00fcmr\u00fck giderleri olmaks\u0131z\u0131n devir kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa sat\u0131c\u0131, d\u0131\u015f sat\u0131m, transit ve d\u0131\u015f al\u0131m vergilerini \u00fcstlenmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r; ancak sat\u0131lan\u0131n al\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan devral\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada \u00f6denmi\u015f olan t\u00fcketim vergilerini \u00fcstlenmi\u015f say\u0131lmaz.<\/p>

                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                    3. Sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n temerr\u00fcd\u00fc<\/h2>

                                                    a. Kural ve ayr\u0131k durum<\/h2>

                                                    MADDE 212-\u00a0<\/strong>Sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n temerr\u00fcd\u00fc h\u00e2linde, bor\u00e7lunun temerr\u00fcd\u00fcne ili\u015fkin genel h\u00fck\u00fcmler uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                    Zilyetli\u011fin devri i\u00e7in belirli bir s\u00fcre konulmu\u015f olan ticari sat\u0131\u015flarda, sat\u0131c\u0131 temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015ferse al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n, devir isteminden vazge\u00e7erek borcun ifa edilmemesinden do\u011fan zarar\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesini istedi\u011fi kabul edilir.<\/p>

                                                    Al\u0131c\u0131, sat\u0131lan\u0131n devredilmesini isteme niyetinde ise, belirlenen s\u00fcrenin bitiminde bunu sat\u0131c\u0131ya hemen bildirmek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                    b. Giderim borcu ve kapsam\u0131<\/h2>

                                                    MADDE 213-\u00a0<\/strong>Borcunu ifa etmeyen sat\u0131c\u0131, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n bu y\u00fczden u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarar\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                    Sat\u0131c\u0131 borcunu ifa etmezse al\u0131c\u0131, sat\u0131\u015f bedeli ile kendisine devredilmeyen sat\u0131lan\u0131n yerine, bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n almak i\u00e7in d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131na uygun olarak \u00f6dedi\u011fi bedel aras\u0131ndaki farka g\u00f6re hesaplanacak zarar\u0131n giderilmesini isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                    Sat\u0131lan, borsada kay\u0131tl\u0131 veya piyasa fiyat\u0131 bulunan mallardan ise al\u0131c\u0131, onun yerine bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n alma zorunda olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, sat\u0131\u015f bedeli ile belirlenmi\u015f ifa g\u00fcn\u00fcndeki piyasa fiyat\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki farka g\u00f6re hesaplanacak zarar\u0131n giderilmesini isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                    II. Zapttan sorumluluk<\/h2>

                                                    1. Konusu<\/h2>

                                                    MADDE 214-\u00a0<\/strong>Sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin kuruldu\u011fu s\u0131rada var olan bir hak dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, sat\u0131lan\u0131n tamam\u0131 veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131 bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n elinden al\u0131n\u0131rsa sat\u0131c\u0131, bundan dolay\u0131 al\u0131c\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 sorumlu olur.<\/p>

                                                    Al\u0131c\u0131, elinden al\u0131nma tehlikesini s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kuruldu\u011fu s\u0131rada biliyor idiyse sat\u0131c\u0131, ayr\u0131ca \u00fcstlenmi\u015f olmad\u0131k\u00e7a bundan dolay\u0131 sorumlu olmaz.<\/p>

                                                    Sat\u0131c\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015finin hakk\u0131n\u0131 gizlemi\u015fse, sorumlulu\u011funu kald\u0131rma veya s\u0131n\u0131rlama konusunda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan anla\u015fma kesin olarak h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                    2. Yarg\u0131lama usul\u00fc<\/h2>

                                                    a. Davan\u0131n bildirimi<\/h2>

                                                    MADDE 215-<\/strong>\u00a0Sat\u0131lan\u0131n elinden al\u0131nmas\u0131 tehlikesi ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fan al\u0131c\u0131, kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan davay\u0131 sat\u0131c\u0131ya bildirdi\u011fi zaman sat\u0131c\u0131, durumun gere\u011fine g\u00f6re ve yarg\u0131lama usul\u00fc uyar\u0131nca ya al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda davaya kat\u0131lmak ya da al\u0131c\u0131 yerine ge\u00e7erek \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye kar\u015f\u0131 davay\u0131 takip etmek ve savunmak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                    Bildirme, davaya kat\u0131lmaya ve savunmaya elveri\u015fli bir zamanda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n aleyhinde verilen h\u00fck\u00fcm, onun a\u011f\u0131r kusuru y\u00fcz\u00fcnden verildi\u011fi ispat edilmedik\u00e7e, sat\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7in de sonu\u00e7 do\u011furur.<\/p>

                                                    Dava, kendisine y\u00fcklenilemeyen sebeplerden dolay\u0131 sat\u0131c\u0131ya bildirilmemi\u015fse sat\u0131c\u0131, zaman\u0131nda bildirilmi\u015f olsayd\u0131 daha elveri\u015fli bir h\u00fck\u00fcm elde edilebilece\u011fini ispatlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde sorumluluktan kurtulur.<\/p>

                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                    b. Mahkeme karar\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n sat\u0131lan\u0131 verme<\/h2>

                                                    MADDE 216-\u00a0<\/strong>Sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n zapttan sorumlulu\u011fu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki h\u00e2llerde devam eder:<\/p>

                                                    1. Al\u0131c\u0131, bir mahkeme karar\u0131 beklemeksizin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015finin hakk\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131na uygun olarak tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f ve sat\u0131lan\u0131 ona vermi\u015fse.<\/li>
                                                    2. Al\u0131c\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015finin kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 dava a\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131 beklemeden, sat\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 sat\u0131lan \u00fczerindeki hak iddias\u0131na ili\u015fkin uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dava yoluyla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesi, aksi takdirde tahkim yoluna ba\u015fvuraca\u011f\u0131 konusunda gecikmeksizin uyarm\u0131\u015f ve bundan sonu\u00e7 alamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in tahkim yoluna ba\u015fvurmu\u015fsa.<\/li><\/ol>

                                                      Sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131lan\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011funu ispat etmesi durumunda da devam eder.<\/p>

                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                      3. Al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                      a. Tam zapt h\u00e2linde<\/h2>

                                                      MADDE 217-<\/strong>\u00a0Sat\u0131lan\u0131n tamam\u0131 al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n elinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fsa, sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kendili\u011finden sona ermi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r ve al\u0131c\u0131 sat\u0131c\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki istemlerde bulunabilir:<\/p>

                                                      1. Sat\u0131landan elde etti\u011fi veya elde etmeyi ihmal eyledi\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin de\u011feri indirilerek, \u00f6demi\u015f oldu\u011fu sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin faizi ile birlikte geri verilmesini.<\/li>
                                                      2. Sat\u0131lan\u0131 elinden alan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiden isteyemeyece\u011fi giderleri.<\/li>
                                                      3. Davay\u0131 sat\u0131c\u0131ya bildirmekle ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131labilecek olanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan b\u00fct\u00fcn yarg\u0131lama giderleri ile yarg\u0131lama d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki giderleri.<\/li>
                                                      4. Sat\u0131lan\u0131n tamamen elinden al\u0131nmas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden do\u011frudan do\u011fruya u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer zararlar\u0131.<\/li><\/ol>

                                                        Sat\u0131c\u0131, kendisine hi\u00e7bir kusur y\u00fcklenemeyece\u011fini ispat etmedik\u00e7e, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131lan\u0131n elinden al\u0131nmas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden u\u011fram\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu di\u011fer zararlar\u0131 da gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                        b. K\u0131smi zapt h\u00e2linde<\/h2>

                                                        MADDE 218-\u00a0<\/strong>Sat\u0131lan\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 elinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f veya sat\u0131lan s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni bir hakla y\u00fcklenmi\u015fse al\u0131c\u0131, sadece bu y\u00fczden u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarar\u0131n giderilmesini isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                        Ancak al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n, sat\u0131landaki bu durumu bilseydi onu sat\u0131n almayaca\u011f\u0131 durum ve ko\u015fullardan anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yorsa, al\u0131c\u0131 h\u00e2kimden s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona ermesine karar vermesini isteyebilir. Bu durumda al\u0131c\u0131, sat\u0131lan\u0131n elinde kalm\u0131\u015f olan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 o zamana kadar elde etmi\u015f oldu\u011fu yararlarla birlikte, sat\u0131c\u0131ya geri vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                        III. Ay\u0131ptan sorumluluk<\/h2>

                                                        1. Konusu<\/h2>

                                                        a. Genel olarak<\/h2>

                                                        MADDE 219-\u00a0<\/strong>Sat\u0131c\u0131, al\u0131c\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 herhangi bir surette bildirdi\u011fi niteliklerin sat\u0131landa bulunmamas\u0131 sebebiyle sorumlu oldu\u011fu gibi, nitelik veya niteli\u011fi etkileyen niceli\u011fine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olan, kullan\u0131m amac\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan de\u011ferini ve al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ondan bekledi\u011fi faydalar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131ran veya \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azaltan maddi, hukuki ya da ekonomik ay\u0131plar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131ndan da sorumlu olur.<\/p>

                                                        Sat\u0131c\u0131, bu ay\u0131plar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmese bile onlardan sorumludur.<\/p>

                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                        b. Hayvan sat\u0131\u015f\u0131nda<\/h2>

                                                        MADDE 220-\u00a0Hayvan sat\u0131\u015f\u0131nda sat\u0131c\u0131, yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak \u00fcstlenmedik\u00e7e veya a\u011f\u0131r kusuru olmad\u0131k\u00e7a ay\u0131ptan sorumlu olmaz.<\/p>

                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                        2. Sorumsuzluk anla\u015fmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                        MADDE 221-<\/strong>\u00a0Sat\u0131c\u0131 sat\u0131lan\u0131 ay\u0131pl\u0131 olarak devretmekte a\u011f\u0131r kusurlu ise, ay\u0131ptan sorumlulu\u011funu kald\u0131ran veya s\u0131n\u0131rlayan her anla\u015fma kesin olarak h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                        3. Al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n bildi\u011fi ay\u0131plar<\/h2>

                                                        MADDE 222-\u00a0<\/strong>Sat\u0131c\u0131, sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin kuruldu\u011fu s\u0131rada al\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bilinen ay\u0131plardan sorumlu de\u011fildir.<\/p>

                                                        Sat\u0131c\u0131, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131lan\u0131 yeterince g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmekle g\u00f6rebilece\u011fi ay\u0131plardan da, ancak b\u00f6yle bir ay\u0131b\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131ca \u00fcstlenmi\u015fse sorumlu olur.<\/p>

                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                        4. G\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irme ve sat\u0131c\u0131ya bildirme<\/h2>

                                                        a. Genel olarak<\/h2>

                                                        MADDE 223-\u00a0Al\u0131c\u0131, devrald\u0131\u011f\u0131 sat\u0131lan\u0131n durumunu i\u015flerin ola\u011fan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re imk\u00e2n bulunur bulunmaz g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmek ve sat\u0131landa sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funu gerektiren bir ay\u0131p g\u00f6r\u00fcrse, bunu uygun bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde ona bildirmek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                        Al\u0131c\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmeyi ve bildirimde bulunmay\u0131 ihmal ederse, sat\u0131lan\u0131 kabul etmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak, sat\u0131landa ola\u011fan bir g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmeyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamayacak bir ay\u0131p bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, bu h\u00fck\u00fcm uygulanmaz. Bu t\u00fcr bir ay\u0131b\u0131n bulundu\u011fu sonradan anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rsa, hemen sat\u0131c\u0131ya bildirilmelidir; bildirilmezse sat\u0131lan bu ay\u0131pla birlikte kabul edilmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                        \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                        b. Hayvan sat\u0131\u015f\u0131nda<\/h2>

                                                        MADDE 224-\u00a0<\/strong>Hayvan sat\u0131\u015f\u0131nda sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sorumlu olaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak belirlenmemi\u015f ve ay\u0131p da hayvan\u0131n gebeli\u011fine ili\u015fkin de\u011filse sat\u0131c\u0131, ancak ay\u0131b\u0131n devrin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n devralmada temerr\u00fcd\u00fcn\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi g\u00fcnden ba\u015flayarak dokuz g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde kendisine bildirilmesi ve ayr\u0131ca, hayvan\u0131n bilirki\u015filerce g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesinin ayn\u0131 s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde yetkili makamdan istenmesi h\u00e2linde sorumlu olur.<\/p>

                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                        5. Sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r kusurunun sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                        MADDE 225-\u00a0<\/strong>A\u011f\u0131r kusurlu olan sat\u0131c\u0131, sat\u0131landaki ay\u0131b\u0131n kendisine s\u00fcresinde bildirilmemi\u015f oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrerek sorumluluktan k\u0131smen de olsa kurtulamaz.<\/p>

                                                        Sat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 meslek edinmi\u015f ki\u015filerin bilmesi gereken ay\u0131plar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da ayn\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>

                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                        6. Sat\u0131lan\u0131n ba\u015fka yerden g\u00f6nderilmesi<\/h2>

                                                        MADDE 226-\u00a0<\/strong>Ba\u015fka yerden g\u00f6nderilen sat\u0131lan\u0131n ay\u0131pl\u0131 oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcren al\u0131c\u0131, bulundu\u011fu yerde sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n temsilcisi yoksa, sat\u0131lan\u0131n korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli \u00f6nlemleri ge\u00e7ici olarak almakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Al\u0131c\u0131, ay\u0131pl\u0131 oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sat\u0131lan\u0131n korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli \u00f6nlemleri almaks\u0131z\u0131n onu sat\u0131c\u0131ya geri g\u00f6nderemez.<\/p>

                                                        Al\u0131c\u0131, sat\u0131lan\u0131n durumunu gecikmeksizin usul\u00fcne g\u00f6re tespit ettirmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bunu yapt\u0131rmazsa, ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ay\u0131b\u0131n, sat\u0131lan\u0131n kendisine ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanda var oldu\u011funu ispat y\u00fck\u00fc al\u0131c\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>

                                                        Sat\u0131lan\u0131n k\u0131sa zamanda bozulma tehlikesi varsa, al\u0131c\u0131 onu bulundu\u011fu yerdeki mahkeme arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla satt\u0131rmaya yetkili, hatta sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n yarar\u0131 gerektiriyorsa satt\u0131rmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Al\u0131c\u0131, durumu sat\u0131c\u0131ya en k\u0131sa zamanda bildirmezse, bundan do\u011fan zarardan sorumlu olur.<\/p>

                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                        7. Al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7imlik haklar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                        a. Genel olarak<\/h2>

                                                        MADDE 227-\u00a0<\/strong>Sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131lan\u0131n ay\u0131plar\u0131ndan sorumlu oldu\u011fu h\u00e2llerde al\u0131c\u0131, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki se\u00e7imlik haklardan birini kullanabilir:<\/p>

                                                        1. Sat\u0131lan\u0131 geri vermeye haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu bildirerek s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nme.<\/li>
                                                        2. Sat\u0131lan\u0131 al\u0131koyup ay\u0131p oran\u0131nda sat\u0131\u015f bedelinde indirim isteme.<\/li>
                                                        3. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir masraf\u0131 gerektirmedi\u011fi takdirde, b\u00fct\u00fcn masraflar\u0131 sat\u0131c\u0131ya ait olmak \u00fczere sat\u0131lan\u0131n \u00fccretsiz onar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteme.<\/li>
                                                        4. \u0130mk\u00e2n varsa, sat\u0131lan\u0131n ay\u0131ps\u0131z bir benzeri ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini isteme.<\/li><\/ol>

                                                          Al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re tazminat isteme hakk\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                          Sat\u0131c\u0131, al\u0131c\u0131ya ayn\u0131 mal\u0131n ay\u0131ps\u0131z bir benzerini hemen vererek ve u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarar\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 gidererek se\u00e7imlik haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyebilir.<\/p>

                                                          Al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nme hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, durum bunu hakl\u0131 g\u00f6stermiyorsa h\u00e2kim, sat\u0131lan\u0131n onar\u0131lmas\u0131na veya sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin indirilmesine karar verebilir.<\/p>

                                                          Sat\u0131lan\u0131n de\u011ferindeki eksiklik sat\u0131\u015f bedeline \u00e7ok yak\u0131n ise al\u0131c\u0131, ancak s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nme veya sat\u0131lan\u0131n ay\u0131ps\u0131z bir benzeriyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini isteme haklar\u0131ndan birini kullanabilir.<\/p>

                                                          \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                          b. Sat\u0131lan\u0131n yok olmas\u0131 veya a\u011f\u0131r bi\u00e7imde zarara u\u011framas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                          MADDE 228-\u00a0Al\u0131c\u0131ya ay\u0131pl\u0131 olarak devredilmi\u015f olan sat\u0131lan\u0131n ay\u0131ptan, beklenmedik h\u00e2lden veya m\u00fccbir sebepten dolay\u0131 yok olmas\u0131 veya a\u011f\u0131r bi\u00e7imde zarara u\u011framas\u0131, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nme hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemez. Bu durumda al\u0131c\u0131, sat\u0131landan elinde ne kalm\u0131\u015fsa onu geri vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                          Sat\u0131lan al\u0131c\u0131ya y\u00fcklenebilen bir sebep y\u00fcz\u00fcnden yok olmu\u015fsa veya al\u0131c\u0131 onu ba\u015fkas\u0131na devretmi\u015fse ya da bi\u00e7imini de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015fse al\u0131c\u0131, ancak de\u011ferindeki eksiklik kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f bedelinden indirilmesini isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                          \u00a0<\/p>

                                                          8. D\u00f6nmenin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                          a. Genel olarak<\/h2>

                                                          MADDE 229-\u00a0<\/strong>Sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden d\u00f6nen al\u0131c\u0131, sat\u0131lan\u0131, ondan elde etti\u011fi yararlar\u0131 ile birlikte sat\u0131c\u0131ya geri vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k al\u0131c\u0131 da, sat\u0131c\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki istemlerde bulunabilir:<\/p>

                                                          1. \u00d6demi\u015f oldu\u011fu sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin, faiziyle birlikte geri verilmesi.<\/li>
                                                          2. Sat\u0131lan\u0131n tamamen zapt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, yarg\u0131lama giderleri ile sat\u0131lan i\u00e7in yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu giderlerin \u00f6denmesi.<\/li>
                                                          3. Ay\u0131pl\u0131 maldan do\u011fan do\u011frudan zarar\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesi.<\/li><\/ol>

                                                            Sat\u0131c\u0131, kendisine hi\u00e7bir kusur y\u00fcklenemeyece\u011fini ispat etmedik\u00e7e, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer zararlar\u0131n\u0131 da gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                            b. Birden \u00e7ok mal sat\u0131\u015f\u0131nda<\/h2>

                                                            MADDE 230-\u00a0<\/strong>Birden \u00e7ok mal veya birden \u00e7ok par\u00e7adan olu\u015fan bir mal, birlikte sat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup da bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 ay\u0131pl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karsa, d\u00f6nme hakk\u0131 bunlardan ancak ay\u0131pl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kanlar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. Ancak, al\u0131c\u0131ya veya sat\u0131c\u0131ya \u00f6nemli bir zarar vermeksizin ay\u0131pl\u0131 par\u00e7an\u0131n di\u011ferinden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n yoksa, d\u00f6nme hakk\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131lan\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 kapsamas\u0131 zorunludur.<\/p>

                                                            Sat\u0131lan\u0131n asl\u0131 i\u00e7in sat\u0131\u015ftan d\u00f6n\u00fclmesi, ayr\u0131 sat\u0131\u015f bedeli g\u00f6sterilerek sat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsalar bile, eklentilerini de kapsar; fakat eklentiler i\u00e7in d\u00f6nme, sat\u0131lan\u0131n asl\u0131n\u0131 kapsamaz.<\/p>

                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                            9. Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>

                                                            MADDE 231-<\/strong>\u00a0Sat\u0131c\u0131 daha uzun bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in \u00fcstlenmi\u015f olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, sat\u0131lan\u0131n ay\u0131b\u0131ndan do\u011fan sorumlulu\u011fa ili\u015fkin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc dava, sat\u0131landaki ay\u0131p daha sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131ksa bile, sat\u0131lan\u0131n al\u0131c\u0131ya devrinden ba\u015flayarak iki y\u0131l ge\u00e7mekle zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011frar. Al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131lan\u0131n kendisine devrinden ba\u015flayarak iki y\u0131l i\u00e7inde bildirdi\u011fi ay\u0131ptan do\u011fan def\u2019i hakk\u0131, bu s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131yla ortadan kalkmaz.<\/p>

                                                            Sat\u0131c\u0131, sat\u0131lan\u0131 ay\u0131pl\u0131 olarak devretmekte a\u011f\u0131r kusurlu ise, iki y\u0131ll\u0131k zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresinden yararlanamaz.<\/p>

                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                            C. Al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n bor\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                            I. Sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin \u00f6denmesi ve sat\u0131lan\u0131n devral\u0131nmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                            MADDE 232-\u00a0<\/strong>Al\u0131c\u0131, sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bi\u00e7imde sat\u0131\u015f bedelini \u00f6demek ve kendisine sunulan sat\u0131lan\u0131 devralmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                            Aksine yerel\u00a0<\/strong>\u00e2det veya anla\u015fma yoksa, sat\u0131lan\u0131n hemen devral\u0131nmas\u0131 gereklidir.<\/p>

                                                            \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                            II. Sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin belirlenmesi<\/h2>

                                                            MADDE 233-\u00a0<\/strong>Al\u0131c\u0131, sat\u0131\u015f bedelini belirtmeksizin, mal\u0131 alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kesin olarak bildirmi\u015fse sat\u0131\u015f, ifa yeri ve zaman\u0131ndaki ortalama piyasa fiyat\u0131 \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                            Sat\u0131\u015f bedeli, sat\u0131lan\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re hesaplan\u0131yorsa, daras\u0131 indirilir.<\/p>

                                                            Baz\u0131 ticari mallar\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, daral\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131ktan miktar olarak ya da y\u00fczde hesab\u0131yla bir indirim yap\u0131lmas\u0131na veya bedelin, daral\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k \u00fczerinden belirlenmesine ili\u015fkin ticari team\u00fcller sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                            III. Sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin muacceliyeti ve faizi<\/h2>

                                                            MADDE 234-\u00a0<\/strong>Aksine s\u00f6zle\u015fme yoksa, sat\u0131lan al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n zilyetli\u011fine girince sat\u0131\u015f bedeli muaccel olur.<\/p>

                                                            Faiz istenebilece\u011fi konusunda bir team\u00fcl varsa veya al\u0131c\u0131 maldan \u00fcr\u00fcn ya da di\u011fer verimler elde etme imk\u00e2n\u0131na sahip ise ya da belirli g\u00fcn\u00fcn ge\u00e7mesiyle temerr\u00fcd\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi durumunda, ayr\u0131ca bir ihtara gerek olmaks\u0131z\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f bedeline faiz istenebilir.<\/p>

                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                            IV. Al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n temerr\u00fcd\u00fc<\/h2>

                                                            1. Sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6nme hakk\u0131<\/h2>

                                                            MADDE 235-\u00a0<\/strong>Sat\u0131lan\u0131n, ancak sat\u0131\u015f bedeli \u00f6dendikten sonra veya \u00f6denme an\u0131nda devredilmesi gereken durumlarda al\u0131c\u0131 temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015ferse sat\u0131c\u0131, herhangi bir i\u015flem gerekmeksizin sat\u0131\u015ftan d\u00f6nebilir.<\/p>

                                                            Bu hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak isteyen sat\u0131c\u0131, durumu gecikmeksizin al\u0131c\u0131ya bildirmek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                            Sat\u0131lan\u0131n zilyetli\u011fi sat\u0131\u015f bedeli \u00f6denmeden al\u0131c\u0131ya devredilmi\u015fse, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0temerr\u00fcd\u00fc sebebiyle sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6nme hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak sat\u0131lan\u0131 geri almas\u0131, bu hakk\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmede a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a sakl\u0131 tutulmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                            2. Zarar\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131 ve giderimi<\/h2>

                                                            MADDE 236-\u00a0<\/strong>Borcunu ifa etmeyen al\u0131c\u0131, sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n bu y\u00fczden u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarar\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                            Sat\u0131c\u0131, sat\u0131\u015f bedelini \u00f6demede temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olan al\u0131c\u0131dan, bu bedel ile sat\u0131lan\u0131n ba\u015fkas\u0131na d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131na uygun olarak sat\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan elde etti\u011fi bedel aras\u0131ndaki farka g\u00f6re hesaplanacak zarar\u0131n giderilmesini isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                            Sat\u0131lan, borsada kay\u0131tl\u0131 veya piyasa fiyat\u0131 bulunan mallardan ise sat\u0131c\u0131, b\u00f6yle bir sat\u0131\u015fa gerek kalmaks\u0131z\u0131n al\u0131c\u0131dan, sat\u0131\u015f bedeli ile mal\u0131n belirlenmi\u015f \u00f6deme g\u00fcn\u00fcndeki fiyat\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki farka g\u00f6re hesaplanacak zarar\u0131n giderilmesini isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                            \u00dc\u00c7\u00dcNC\u00dc AYIRIM<\/h2>

                                                            Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz Sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve Sat\u0131\u015f \u0130li\u015fkisi Do\u011furan Haklar<\/h2>

                                                            A. \u015eekil<\/h2>

                                                            MADDE 237-\u00a0<\/strong>Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7erli olabilmesi i\u00e7in, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin resm\u00ee \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmesi \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                            Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 vaadi, geri al\u0131m ve al\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri,\u00a0<\/strong>resm\u00ee\u00a0<\/strong>\u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmedik\u00e7e ge\u00e7erli olmaz.<\/p>

                                                            \u00d6nal\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi, yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                            \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                            B. Sat\u0131\u015f ili\u015fkisi do\u011furan haklar<\/h2>

                                                            I. S\u00fcresi ve \u015ferhi<\/h2>

                                                            MADDE 238-\u00a0<\/strong>\u00d6nal\u0131m, geri al\u0131m ve al\u0131m haklar\u0131 en \u00e7ok on y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7in kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir ve kanunlarda belirlenen s\u00fcreyle tapu siciline \u015ferh edilebilir.<\/p>

                                                            \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                            II. Devredilmesi ve miras yoluyla ge\u00e7mesi<\/h2>

                                                            MADDE 239-\u00a0<\/strong>Aksine anla\u015fma olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan \u00f6nal\u0131m, al\u0131m ve geri al\u0131m haklar\u0131 devredilemez, ancak miras yoluyla ge\u00e7er.<\/p>

                                                            Bu haklar\u0131n\u00a0<\/strong>devredilebilece\u011fi s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle\u00a0<\/strong>kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, devir i\u015flemi hakk\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a ge\u00e7erli olmaz.<\/p>

                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                            III. \u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131<\/h2>

                                                            1. \u0130leri s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi<\/h2>

                                                            MADDE 240-\u00a0<\/strong>\u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 ya da ekonomik bak\u0131mdan sat\u0131\u015fa e\u015fde\u011fer her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015flemin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00e2llerinde kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>

                                                            Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n, miras\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda miras\u00e7\u0131lardan birine \u00f6zg\u00fclenmesi, cebr\u00ee art\u0131rma yoluyla sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve kamu hizmetlerinin yerine getirilmesi ve bunlara benzer ama\u00e7larla edinilmesi h\u00e2llerinde \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 kullan\u0131lamaz.<\/p>

                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                            2. Ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/h2>

                                                            MADDE 241-\u00a0<\/strong>Sat\u0131c\u0131 veya al\u0131c\u0131, sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve i\u00e7eri\u011fini \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 sahibine noter arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bildirmek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                            \u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 kullan\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa ya da al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n \u015fahs\u0131ndan kaynaklanan sebeplerle onaylanmazsa, bu durum \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 sahibine kar\u015f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclemez.<\/p>

                                                            \u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kuran s\u00f6zle\u015fmede aksi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015fse, \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 sahibi ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131, sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiyle kararla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 sat\u0131\u015fa ili\u015fkin ko\u015fullarla kazan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                            Ekonomik bak\u0131mdan sat\u0131\u015fa e\u015fde\u011fer i\u015flemlerde de yukar\u0131daki h\u00fck\u00fcmler uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                            3. Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/h2>

                                                            MADDE 242-\u00a0<\/strong>S\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak isteyen hak sahibi, bu hak \u015ferhedilmi\u015f ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n m\u00fclkiyeti al\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131na tescil edilmi\u015fse al\u0131c\u0131ya; aksi takdirde sat\u0131c\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131, sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n veya ekonomik bak\u0131mdan sat\u0131\u015fa e\u015fde\u011fer ba\u015fka bir i\u015flemin kendisine bildirildi\u011fi tarihten ba\u015flayarak \u00fc\u00e7 ay ve her h\u00e2lde sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak iki y\u0131l i\u00e7inde dava a\u00e7mak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                            C. Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz sat\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/h2>

                                                            I. Ko\u015fullu sat\u0131\u015f ve m\u00fclkiyetin sakl\u0131 tutulmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                            MADDE 243-\u00a0<\/strong>Bir ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n ko\u015fula ba\u011fl\u0131 sat\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, ko\u015ful ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedik\u00e7e tapu siciline tescil yap\u0131lamaz.<\/p>

                                                            Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz sat\u0131\u015f\u0131nda m\u00fclkiyeti sakl\u0131 tutma ko\u015fulu da tescil edilemez.<\/p>

                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                            II. Sorumluluk<\/h2>

                                                            MADDE 244-\u00a0<\/strong>Aksine s\u00f6zle\u015fme olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, sat\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz, sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc tutar\u0131n\u0131 kapsam\u0131yorsa sat\u0131c\u0131, eksi\u011fi i\u00e7in al\u0131c\u0131ya tazminat \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                            Sat\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz, resm\u00ee bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcme dayan\u0131larak tapu siciline yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc tutar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ermiyorsa sat\u0131c\u0131, \u00f6zellikle \u00fcstlenmi\u015f olmad\u0131k\u00e7a tazminat ile y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc de\u011fildir.<\/p>

                                                            Bir yap\u0131n\u0131n ay\u0131pl\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan do\u011fan davalar, m\u00fclkiyetin ge\u00e7mesinden ba\u015flayarak be\u015f y\u0131l\u0131n ve sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r kusuru varsa yirmi y\u0131l\u0131n ge\u00e7mesiyle zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011frar.<\/p>

                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                            III. Yarar ve hasar<\/strong><\/p>

                                                            MADDE 245-<\/strong>\u00a0Sat\u0131lan\u0131n tescilden sonraki bir zamanda al\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan teslim al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle bir s\u00fcre belirlenmi\u015fse, onun yarar ve hasar\u0131, al\u0131c\u0131ya teslimle ge\u00e7er. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131lan\u0131 teslim almada temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fmesi durumunda da uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                            Bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi, yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                            IV. Ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r sat\u0131\u015f\u0131na ili\u015fkin kurallar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                            MADDE 246-<\/strong>\u00a0Ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r sat\u0131\u015f\u0131na ili\u015fkin kurallar, k\u0131yas yoluyla ta\u015f\u0131nmaz sat\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                            D\u00d6RD\u00dcNC\u00dc AYIRIM<\/h2>

                                                            Baz\u0131 Sat\u0131\u015f T\u00fcrleri<\/h2>

                                                            A. \u00d6rnek \u00fczerine sat\u0131\u015f<\/h2>

                                                            I. Tan\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>

                                                            MADDE 247-\u00a0<\/strong>\u00d6rnek \u00fczerine sat\u0131\u015f, taraflar\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin konusu olan mal\u0131n al\u0131c\u0131ya veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015fiye b\u0131rak\u0131lan bir \u00f6rne\u011fe ya da tespit ettikleri bir mala uygun olmas\u0131 \u00fczerinde anla\u015fmalar\u0131yla yap\u0131lan sat\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                            II. \u0130spat y\u00fck\u00fc<\/h2>

                                                            MADDE 248-<\/strong>\u00a0\u00d6rnek \u00fczerine sat\u0131\u015fta kendisine \u00f6rnek verilen taraf, elindeki \u00f6rne\u011fin kendisine verilmi\u015f \u00f6rnek oldu\u011funu ispat y\u00fck\u00fc alt\u0131nda olmay\u0131p, \u00f6rne\u011fin bi\u00e7imi de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f olsa bile, bu de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmenin zorunlu bir sonucu ise, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n iddias\u0131 do\u011fru say\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n her h\u00e2lde bunun aksini ispat hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                            \u00d6rnek, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n elindeyken bozulmu\u015f veya yok olmu\u015fsa, kusuru olmasa bile, sat\u0131lan\u0131n \u00f6rne\u011fe uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispat y\u00fck\u00fc al\u0131c\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>

                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                            B. Be\u011fenme ko\u015fuluyla sat\u0131\u015f<\/h2>

                                                            I. Tan\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>

                                                            MADDE 249-\u00a0<\/strong>Be\u011fenme ko\u015fuluyla sat\u0131\u015f, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131lan\u0131 deneyerek veya g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irerek be\u011fenmesi ko\u015fuluyla yap\u0131lan sat\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                            II. H\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/h2>

                                                            MADDE 250-<\/strong>\u00a0Be\u011fenme ko\u015fuluyla sat\u0131\u015fta al\u0131c\u0131, sat\u0131lan\u0131 kabul etmekte veya hi\u00e7bir sebep g\u00f6stermeksizin geri vermekte serbesttir.<\/p>

                                                            Sat\u0131lan, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n zilyetli\u011fine ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile, sat\u0131lan\u0131n m\u00fclkiyeti, be\u011fenme ko\u015fulunun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi ana kadar sat\u0131c\u0131da kal\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                            III. Deneme veya g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irme<\/h2>

                                                            1. Sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda<\/h2>

                                                            MADDE 251-<\/strong>\u00a0Deneme veya g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irme sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda yap\u0131lmak gerekip de al\u0131c\u0131, sat\u0131lan\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme veya \u00e2dete g\u00f6re gerekli s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde\u00a0<\/strong>kabul edip etmedi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klamazsa, sat\u0131c\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131ktan kurtulur.<\/p>

                                                            B\u00f6yle bir s\u00fcre belirlenmemi\u015fse, sat\u0131c\u0131 uygun bir s\u00fcre ge\u00e7tikten sonra, sat\u0131lan\u0131 kabul edip etmedi\u011fini bildirmesi i\u00e7in al\u0131c\u0131ya ihtarda bulunabilir; bu ihtara\u00a0hemen cevap verilmezse sat\u0131c\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131ktan kurtulur.<\/p>

                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                            2. Al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda<\/h2>

                                                            MADDE 252-<\/strong>\u00a0Sat\u0131lan, denenmeksizin veya g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmeksizin al\u0131c\u0131ya verilmi\u015fse, s\u00f6zle\u015fme veya \u00e2dete g\u00f6re gereken s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde veya b\u00f6yle bir s\u00fcre yoksa, sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ihtar\u0131 \u00fczerine al\u0131c\u0131, sat\u0131lan\u0131 be\u011fenmedi\u011fini hemen bildirmez veya onu geri vermezse, be\u011fenme ko\u015fulu ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olur.<\/p>

                                                            Al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n, herhangi bir \u00e7ekince belirtmeksizin sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin tamam\u0131n\u0131 veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demesiyle ya da sat\u0131lan\u0131 deneme veya g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irme amac\u0131n\u0131 a\u015facak bi\u00e7imde kullanmas\u0131yla da be\u011fenme ko\u015fulu ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olur.<\/p>

                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                            C. K\u0131smi \u00f6demeli sat\u0131\u015flar<\/h2>

                                                            I. Taksitle sat\u0131\u015f<\/h2>

                                                            1. Tan\u0131m\u0131, \u015fekli ve i\u00e7eri\u011fi<\/h2>

                                                            MADDE 253-\u00a0<\/strong>Taksitle sat\u0131\u015f, sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n, sat\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 al\u0131c\u0131ya sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin \u00f6denmesinden \u00f6nce teslim etmeyi, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n da sat\u0131\u015f bedelini k\u0131s\u0131m k\u0131s\u0131m \u00f6demeyi \u00fcstlendikleri sat\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                            Taksitle sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a ge\u00e7erli olmaz.<\/p>

                                                            Mal\u0131n sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ticari faaliyeti kapsam\u0131nda sat\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, s\u00f6zle\u015fmede a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki hususlar belirtilir:<\/p>

                                                            1. Taraflar\u0131n ad\u0131 ve yerle\u015fim yeri.<\/li>
                                                            2. Sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n konusu.<\/li>
                                                            3. Sat\u0131lan\u0131n pe\u015fin sat\u0131\u015f bedeli.<\/li>
                                                            4. Taksitle \u00f6deme sebebiyle belirtilecek ilave bedel.<\/li>
                                                            5. Toplam sat\u0131\u015f bedeli.<\/li>
                                                            6. Al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n nakden veya aynen \u00fcstlendi\u011fi di\u011fer b\u00fct\u00fcn edimler.<\/li>
                                                            7. Pe\u015finat ve taksitlerin tutar\u0131 ile vadesi ve ikiden az olmamak \u00fczere taksit say\u0131s\u0131.<\/li>
                                                            8. Al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n yedi g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde s\u00f6zle\u015fme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 konusundaki irade a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 geri alma hakk\u0131.<\/li>
                                                            9. \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fse, m\u00fclkiyetin sakl\u0131 tutulmas\u0131na veya sat\u0131\u015f bedeli alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n devrine ili\u015fkin anla\u015fma kay\u0131tlar\u0131.<\/li>
                                                            10. Temerr\u00fct veya vadenin ertelenmesi durumunda, yasal faiz oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde otuz fazlas\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere \u00f6denecek faiz.<\/li>
                                                            11. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kuruldu\u011fu yer ve tarih.<\/li><\/ol>

                                                              \u00a0<\/p>

                                                              2. Yasal temsilcinin r\u0131zas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                              MADDE 254-\u00a0Ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip bir k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan taksitle sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi, yasal temsilcinin yaz\u0131l\u0131 r\u0131zas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durumda r\u0131zan\u0131n, en ge\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kuruldu\u011fu anda verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/h2>

                                                              \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                              3. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin h\u00fck\u00fcm ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011furmas\u0131 ve geri alma a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                              MADDE 255-\u00a0<\/strong>Taksitle sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, al\u0131c\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, taraflarca imzalanm\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin bir n\u00fcshas\u0131n\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mesinden yedi g\u00fcn sonra h\u00fck\u00fcm ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011furur. Al\u0131c\u0131, bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde irade a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 geri ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131c\u0131ya yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak bildirebilir. Bu haktan \u00f6nceden feragat edilemez. Geri alma bildiriminin s\u00fcrenin son g\u00fcn\u00fcnde postaya verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131, sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterlidir.<\/p>

                                                              Sat\u0131c\u0131 geri alma s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde mal\u0131 al\u0131c\u0131ya devretmi\u015fse al\u0131c\u0131, mal\u0131 ancak ola\u011fan bir g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmenin gerektirdi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kullanabilir; aksi takdirde s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcm ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011furmu\u015f olur.<\/p>

                                                              Al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n geri alma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, kendisinden cayma paras\u0131 istenemez.<\/p>

                                                              \u00a0<\/p>

                                                              4. Taraflar\u0131n hak ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                              a. Pe\u015finat\u0131 \u00f6deme borcu ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin s\u00fcresi<\/h2>

                                                              MADDE 256-\u00a0<\/strong>Al\u0131c\u0131, pe\u015fin sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin en az onda\u00a0<\/strong>birini en ge\u00e7 teslim an\u0131nda pe\u015fin olarak, sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin geri kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 da s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 izleyen \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                              Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131, sat\u0131lan\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re pe\u015finat miktar\u0131 ile yasal \u00f6deme s\u00fcrelerini yar\u0131ya kadar indirebilece\u011fi gibi, iki kat\u0131na kadar \u00e7\u0131kartabilir.<\/a>[1]<\/p>

                                                              Kanunda belirlenen asgari pe\u015finat\u0131 tamamen almaks\u0131z\u0131n, sat\u0131lan\u0131 al\u0131c\u0131ya devreden sat\u0131c\u0131, pe\u015finat\u0131n \u00f6denmeyen k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00fczerinde istem hakk\u0131n\u0131 kaybeder.<\/p>

                                                              Pe\u015finattan vazge\u00e7ilmesi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, sat\u0131\u015f bedelinde yap\u0131lacak art\u0131rma h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                              \u00a0<\/p>

                                                              b. Al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n def\u2019ileri<\/h2>

                                                              MADDE 257-\u00a0<\/strong>Al\u0131c\u0131, sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n taksitle sat\u0131\u015ftan do\u011fan alaca\u011f\u0131 ile kendisinin sat\u0131c\u0131dan olan alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 takas etme hakk\u0131ndan \u00f6nceden feragat edemez.<\/p>

                                                              Alaca\u011f\u0131n devredilmesi durumunda al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n, sat\u0131\u015f bedeli alaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin def\u2019ileri s\u0131n\u0131rlanamaz ve ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lamaz.<\/p>

                                                              \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                              c. Sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin tamamen \u00f6denmesi<\/h2>

                                                              MADDE 258-\u00a0<\/strong>Taksit borcu kambiyo senedine ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, al\u0131c\u0131 sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 her zaman bir defada \u00f6deyerek borcundan kurtulabilir. Bu durumda, pe\u015fin sat\u0131\u015f bedeline ilave edilen bedelin \u00f6denmemi\u015f taksitlere isabet eden k\u0131sm\u0131, yar\u0131s\u0131ndan az olmamak \u00fczere \u00f6deme s\u00fcresinin k\u0131salt\u0131lmas\u0131na uygun olarak indirilir.<\/p>

                                                              \u00a0<\/p>

                                                              5. Al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n temerr\u00fcd\u00fc<\/h2>

                                                              a. Sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7imlik hakk\u0131<\/h2>

                                                              MADDE 259-\u00a0<\/strong>Al\u0131c\u0131 pe\u015finat\u0131 \u00f6demede temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015ferse sat\u0131c\u0131, sadece pe\u015finat\u0131 isteyebilir veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nebilir.<\/p>

                                                              Al\u0131c\u0131 taksitleri \u00f6demede temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015ferse sat\u0131c\u0131, muaccel olmu\u015f taksitlerin veya geri kalan sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin tamam\u0131n\u0131n bir defada \u00f6denmesini isteyebilir ya da s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nebilir. Sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n geri kalan sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin tamam\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilmesi veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nebilmesi, ancak bu hakk\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde sakl\u0131 tutmu\u015f olmas\u0131na ve al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin en az onda birini olu\u015fturan ve birbirini izleyen en az iki taksidi veya en az d\u00f6rtte birini olu\u015fturan bir taksidi ya da en son taksidi \u00f6demede temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak, sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6nme dolay\u0131s\u0131yla isteyebilece\u011fi miktar, \u00f6denmi\u015f olan taksitler tutar\u0131na e\u015fit veya daha fazla ise sat\u0131c\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nemez.<\/p>

                                                              Sat\u0131c\u0131, sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin geri kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n tamamen \u00f6denmesini isteme veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nme haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmadan \u00f6nce, al\u0131c\u0131ya en az onbe\u015f g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir s\u00fcre tan\u0131mak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                              \u00a0<\/p>

                                                              b. S\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nme<\/h2>

                                                              MADDE 260-\u00a0<\/strong>Sat\u0131c\u0131, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n taksitleri \u00f6demede temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fmesi sebebiyle sat\u0131lan\u0131n al\u0131c\u0131ya devrinden sonra s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nerse, her iki taraf ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geri vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Sat\u0131c\u0131, ayr\u0131ca hakkaniyete uygun bir kullan\u0131m bedeli ve sat\u0131lan\u0131n ola\u011fand\u0131\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 sebebiyle de\u011ferinin azalmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde tazminat da isteyebilir. Ancak sat\u0131c\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fme zaman\u0131nda ifa edilmi\u015f olsayd\u0131 elde edecek oldu\u011fundan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 isteyemez.<\/p>

                                                              Sat\u0131c\u0131, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n pe\u015finat\u0131 \u00f6demede temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fmesi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden sat\u0131lan\u0131n devrinden \u00f6nce s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nerse, al\u0131c\u0131dan sadece \u00f6denmeyen pe\u015finat \u00fczerinden, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tarihe kadar i\u015fleyecek yasal faiz ile s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131ndan sonra, sat\u0131lan\u0131n u\u011fram\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu de\u011fer kayb\u0131 sebebiyle tazminat isteyebilir. Ceza ko\u015fulu kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, pe\u015fin sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin y\u00fczde onunu a\u015famaz.<\/p>

                                                              \u00a0<\/p>

                                                              c. H\u00e2kimin m\u00fcdahalesi<\/h2>

                                                              MADDE 261-\u00a0<\/strong>H\u00e2kim, temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fen al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6deyece\u011fi konusunda g\u00fcvence vermesi ve sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n da bu yeni d\u00fczenleme dolay\u0131s\u0131yla herhangi bir zarar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu olmamas\u0131 ko\u015fuluyla, al\u0131c\u0131ya \u00f6deme kolayl\u0131klar\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir ve sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131lan\u0131 geri almas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklayabilir.<\/p>

                                                              \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                              6. Yetkili mahkeme ve tahkim<\/h2>

                                                              MADDE 262-\u00a0<\/strong>Yerle\u015fim yeri T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de olan al\u0131c\u0131, taraf\u0131 oldu\u011fu taksitle sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden do\u011facak uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar konusunda, yerle\u015fim yerindeki mahkemenin yetkisinden \u00f6nceden feragat edemeyece\u011fi gibi, tahkim s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi de yapamaz.<\/p>

                                                              \u00a0<\/p>

                                                              7. Uygulama alan\u0131<\/h2>

                                                              MADDE 263-\u00a0<\/strong>Taksitle sat\u0131\u015fa ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler, ayn\u0131 ekonomik ama\u00e7la yap\u0131lan i\u015flemlere de uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                              Bir ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 edinme amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lan \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n, m\u00fclkiyeti sakl\u0131 tutma kayd\u0131 ile birlikte veya bundan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak sat\u0131\u015f bedeli alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 verene devretmesi veya sat\u0131c\u0131 ile \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 verenin ba\u015fka surette anla\u015farak, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f bedelini daha sonra taksitler h\u00e2linde \u00f6demek\u00a0<\/strong>\u00fczere mal\u0131n teslimini sa\u011flamalar\u0131 durumunda, taksitle sat\u0131\u015fa ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler k\u0131yas yoluyla uygulan\u0131r. \u00d6d\u00fcn\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde, taksitle sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerine konulmas\u0131 zorunlu olan hususlar\u0131n yer almas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. Ancak, bunlardan pe\u015fin sat\u0131\u015f bedeli ile toplam sat\u0131\u015f bedeli yerine, \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 al\u0131nan miktar ile \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 verene \u00f6denecek toplam \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 miktar\u0131 g\u00f6sterilir.<\/p>

                                                              Pe\u015fin sat\u0131\u015fla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 taksitle \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde, \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 verene, yasal asgari pe\u015finat\u0131n \u00f6denmi\u015f ve pe\u015fin sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda herhangi bir ilave yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n tamamen kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, taksitle sat\u0131\u015fa ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler uygulanmaz.<\/p>

                                                              Al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n tacir s\u0131fat\u0131yla hareket etti\u011fi veya mal\u0131n bir ticari i\u015fletmenin ihtiyac\u0131 i\u00e7in ya da meslek\u00ee ama\u00e7larla sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 durumunda, taksitle sat\u0131\u015fa ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerden sadece 259 uncu maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131, 260 \u0131nc\u0131 maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 ve 261 inci maddesi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                              \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                              II. \u00d6n \u00f6demeli taksitle sat\u0131\u015f<\/h2>

                                                              1. Tan\u0131m\u0131, \u015fekli ve i\u00e7eri\u011fi<\/h2>

                                                              MADDE 264-\u00a0<\/strong>\u00d6n \u00f6demeli taksitle sat\u0131\u015f, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r bir mal\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f bedelini \u00f6nceden k\u0131s\u0131m k\u0131s\u0131m \u00f6demeyi, sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n da bedelin tamamen \u00f6denmesinden sonra sat\u0131lan\u0131 al\u0131c\u0131ya devretmeyi \u00fcstlendikleri sat\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                              \u00d6n \u00f6demeli taksitle sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a ge\u00e7erli olmaz. S\u00f6zle\u015fmede a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki hususlar belirtilir:<\/p>

                                                              1. Taraflar\u0131n ad\u0131 ve yerle\u015fim yeri.<\/li>
                                                              2. Sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n konusu.<\/li>
                                                              3. Toplam sat\u0131\u015f bedeli.<\/li>
                                                              4. Taksitlerin say\u0131s\u0131, tutar\u0131, vadesi ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin s\u00fcresi.<\/li>
                                                              5. Taksitleri kabule yetkili banka.<\/li>
                                                              6. Al\u0131c\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 \u00fcstlenilen faiz miktar\u0131.<\/li>
                                                              7. Al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n yedi g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde s\u00f6zle\u015fme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 konusundaki irade a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 geri alma hakk\u0131.<\/li>
                                                              8. Al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden cayma hakk\u0131 ve bu sebeple \u00f6deyece\u011fi cayma paras\u0131.<\/li>
                                                              9. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kuruldu\u011fu yer ve tarih.<\/li><\/ol>

                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                2. Taraflar\u0131n hak ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                a. \u00d6demelerin g\u00fcvenceye ba\u011flanmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                MADDE 265-\u00a0<\/strong>\u00d6deme s\u00fcresi bir y\u0131ldan daha uzun veya belirsiz olan s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde al\u0131c\u0131, \u00f6demeleri s\u00f6zle\u015fmede belirtilen bir bankada kendi ad\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131lacak gelir getiren bir tasarruf veya yat\u0131r\u0131m hesab\u0131na yat\u0131rmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                Banka, her iki taraf\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zetmek zorundad\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131lan hesaptan her iki taraf\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131yla \u00f6deme yap\u0131labilir. Bu r\u0131za \u00f6nceden verilemez.<\/p>

                                                                \u00d6deme s\u00fcresi bir y\u0131ldan daha uzun veya belirsiz olan s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde al\u0131c\u0131, sat\u0131lan\u0131n devrine kadar 269 uncu madde uyar\u0131nca s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden cayarsa sat\u0131c\u0131, bu hesap \u00fczerindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn haklar\u0131n\u0131 kaybeder.<\/p>

                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                1. Al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n mal\u0131n devrini isteme hakk\u0131<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                  MADDE 266-\u00a0<\/strong>Al\u0131c\u0131 sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin tamam\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6dedikten sonra, her zaman mal\u0131n kendisine devredilmesini isteyebilir. Ancak, sat\u0131c\u0131 mal\u0131 ba\u015fkas\u0131ndan sa\u011flayarak devredecek ise al\u0131c\u0131, bunun i\u00e7in kendisine uygun bir s\u00fcre tan\u0131mak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                  Sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n mal\u0131 al\u0131c\u0131ya devredebilmesi i\u00e7in, taksitle sat\u0131\u015fa ili\u015fkin ko\u015fullara uyulmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>

                                                                  Al\u0131c\u0131 birden \u00e7ok \u015fey sat\u0131n alm\u0131\u015f veya se\u00e7im hakk\u0131n\u0131 sakl\u0131 tutmu\u015f ise, sat\u0131lan\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131m k\u0131s\u0131m devredilmesini, ancak 256 nc\u0131 maddede \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen asgari pe\u015finat\u0131 \u00f6dedikten sonra isteyebilir. Sat\u0131lan\u0131n e\u015fya toplulu\u011fu olu\u015fturdu\u011fu h\u00e2llerde bu istemde bulunulamaz. Sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin tamamen \u00f6denmemesi h\u00e2linde, sat\u0131c\u0131dan sat\u0131lan\u0131 k\u0131smen devretmesi, ancak geri kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n y\u00fczde onunun kendisine g\u00fcvence olarak b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 ko\u015fuluyla istenebilir.<\/p>

                                                                  \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                                  c. Sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin \u00f6denmesi<\/h2>

                                                                  MADDE 267-\u00a0\u00d6deme s\u00fcresi bir y\u0131ldan daha uzun veya belirsiz olan s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin, sat\u0131lan\u0131n devri an\u0131nda tamamen \u00f6denmi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir. Sat\u0131lan\u0131n devredilmesini isteyen al\u0131c\u0131, hesab\u0131ndaki bakiyeden, sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin\u00a0en \u00e7ok \u00fc\u00e7te birlik k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131\u00a0sat\u0131c\u0131 lehine serbest b\u0131rakabilir. Ancak, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulu\u015fu s\u0131ras\u0131nda buna ili\u015fkin taahh\u00fctte bulunulamaz.<\/p>

                                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                  d. Sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin belirlenmesi<\/h2>

                                                                  MADDE 268-\u00a0<\/strong>Sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kuruldu\u011fu s\u0131rada belirlenen toplam sat\u0131\u015f bedeline ek bir bedel isteme hakk\u0131n\u0131 sakl\u0131 tutan b\u00fct\u00fcn kay\u0131tlar ge\u00e7ersizdir.<\/p>

                                                                  \u00d6denecek toplam sat\u0131\u015f bedeli s\u00f6zle\u015fmede belirlenmi\u015f olmakla birlikte, devredilecek e\u015fya \u00f6nceden belirlenmemi\u015f ve sat\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bu e\u015fyay\u0131 se\u00e7me hakk\u0131 al\u0131c\u0131ya tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ise sat\u0131c\u0131, pe\u015fin sat\u0131\u015ftaki ola\u011fan bedelleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutmak suretiyle al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n yapaca\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7ime tam olarak uymakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                  Buna ayk\u0131r\u0131 anla\u015fmalar, ancak al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n yarar\u0131na oldu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>

                                                                  \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                  3. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona ermesi<\/h2>

                                                                  a. Cayma hakk\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                  MADDE 269-\u00a0<\/strong>\u00d6deme s\u00fcresi bir y\u0131ldan daha uzun veya belirsiz olan s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde al\u0131c\u0131, mal\u0131n devrine kadar her zaman s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden cayabilir.<\/p>

                                                                  S\u00f6zle\u015fmeden cayma h\u00e2linde al\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6denmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen cayma paras\u0131, durumun \u00f6zelli\u011fine ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131 ile cayma aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en s\u00fcreye bak\u0131larak belirlenir. Ancak, bu miktar sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n toplam alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde ikisinden az ve y\u00fczde be\u015finden fazla olamaz. Al\u0131c\u0131, yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00f6demelerin cayma paras\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n, getirileri ile birlikte kendisine geri verilmesini isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                  Al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6lmesi veya kazan\u00e7 elde etmekten s\u00fcrekli olarak yoksun kalmas\u0131 sebebiyle \u00f6n \u00f6demeleri yapamayacak duruma d\u00fc\u015fmesi ya da s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yerine ola\u011fan ko\u015fullarla yap\u0131lacak bir taksitle sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin konulmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00f6nerisinin sat\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmemesi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden cay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olursa, cayma paras\u0131 istenemez.<\/p>

                                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                  b. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin s\u00fcresi<\/h2>

                                                                  MADDE 270-\u00a0<\/strong>\u00d6n \u00f6demeleri ifa borcu, be\u015f y\u0131l\u0131n ge\u00e7mesiyle sona erer.<\/p>

                                                                  \u00d6deme s\u00fcresi bir y\u0131ldan daha uzun veya belirsiz olan s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde al\u0131c\u0131, sekiz y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti\u011fi h\u00e2lde sat\u0131lan\u0131n devri isteminde bulunmazsa, sat\u0131c\u0131 kendisini uyararak \u00fc\u00e7 ayl\u0131k s\u00fcre tan\u0131r. Al\u0131c\u0131 bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde kay\u0131ts\u0131z kal\u0131rsa sat\u0131c\u0131, al\u0131c\u0131ya s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden cayma h\u00e2linde tan\u0131nan haklara sahip olur.<\/p>

                                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                  c. Al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n temerr\u00fcd\u00fc<\/h2>

                                                                  MADDE 271-<\/strong>\u00a0Al\u0131c\u0131 bir veya daha \u00e7ok \u00f6n \u00f6demede temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015ferse sat\u0131c\u0131, ancak vadesi gelmi\u015f olan \u00f6demeleri isteyebilir. Bununla birlikte, toplam alaca\u011f\u0131n en az onda birini olu\u015fturan ve birbirini izleyen iki \u00f6n \u00f6demenin veya toplam alaca\u011f\u0131n en az d\u00f6rtte birini olu\u015fturan bir tek \u00f6n \u00f6demenin ya da sonuncu \u00f6n \u00f6demenin vadesi gelmi\u015fse sat\u0131c\u0131, ayr\u0131ca al\u0131c\u0131ya tan\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131 bir ayl\u0131k \u00f6deme s\u00fcresinin ge\u00e7mesinden sonra s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nme hakk\u0131na sahip olur.<\/p>

                                                                  Sat\u0131c\u0131, \u00f6deme s\u00fcresi bir y\u0131l veya daha az olan s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nerse, 260 \u0131nc\u0131 maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fc k\u0131yas yoluyla uygulan\u0131r. S\u00fcresi bir y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fan s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde sat\u0131c\u0131, ancak 269 uncu maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen cayma paras\u0131n\u0131 ve al\u0131c\u0131ya \u00f6denmesi gereken ortalama banka mevduat faizini a\u015fan zararlar\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesini isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                  Bir y\u0131ldan daha uzun s\u00fcreli s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olan al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n mal\u0131n devrini istemesi h\u00e2linde sat\u0131c\u0131, yasal anapara faizi ile birlikte, devir isteminden sonra mal\u0131n de\u011ferinde olu\u015facak eksilmelerin giderilmesini isteyebilir. Ceza ko\u015fulu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fse miktar\u0131, sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin y\u00fczde onunu ge\u00e7emez.<\/p>

                                                                  Sat\u0131lan\u0131n devredilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu h\u00e2llerde, d\u00f6nme konusunda 260 \u0131nc\u0131 maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fc uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                  1. Uygulama alan\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                    MADDE 272-\u00a0Al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n tacir s\u0131fat\u0131yla hareket etmesi veya mal\u0131n bir ticari i\u015fletmenin ihtiyac\u0131 i\u00e7in ya da meslek\u00ee ama\u00e7larla sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 durumunda,\u00a0264 il\u00e2 271 inci\u00a0maddeler uygulanmaz.<\/p>

                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                    III. Ortak h\u00fck\u00fcmler<\/h2>

                                                                    MADDE 273-<\/strong>\u00a0Taksitle sat\u0131\u015fa ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerden yasal temsilcinin r\u0131zas\u0131na, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin h\u00fck\u00fcm ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011furmas\u0131na ve geri alma a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n def\u2019ilerine, sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n devrine, h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan \u00f6deme kolayl\u0131klar\u0131na ve yetkili mahkeme ile tahkime ili\u015fkin olanlar, \u00f6n \u00f6demeli taksitle sat\u0131\u015fa da uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                    Sat\u0131lan\u0131 devir s\u00fcresi bir y\u0131ldan daha uzun veya belirsiz olan taksitle sat\u0131\u015fta al\u0131c\u0131, sat\u0131lan\u0131n devrinden \u00f6nce \u00f6demeleri yapmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc ise, \u00f6n \u00f6demeli taksitle sat\u0131\u015fa ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler k\u0131yas yoluyla uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                    D. A\u00e7\u0131k art\u0131rma yoluyla sat\u0131\u015f<\/h2>

                                                                    I. Tan\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                    MADDE 274-\u00a0<\/strong>A\u00e7\u0131k art\u0131rma yoluyla sat\u0131\u015f; yeri, zaman\u0131 ve ko\u015fullar\u0131 \u00f6nceden belirlenerek, haz\u0131r olanlar aras\u0131ndan en y\u00fcksek bedeli \u00f6neren ile yap\u0131lan sat\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                    II. Kurulmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                    MADDE 275-\u00a0<\/strong>Sat\u0131c\u0131 art\u0131rma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda aksi y\u00f6nde bir irade a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda bulunmam\u0131\u015fsa, herkesin kat\u0131labilece\u011fi iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k art\u0131rmalarda sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, art\u0131rmay\u0131 y\u00f6netenin en y\u00fcksek bedeli \u00f6neren ki\u015fiye ihale etmesiyle kurulmu\u015f olur.<\/p>

                                                                    Cebr\u00ee art\u0131rma yoluyla sat\u0131\u015f, art\u0131rmay\u0131 y\u00f6neten memurun en y\u00fcksek bedeli \u00f6neren ki\u015fiye ihale etmesiyle kurulmu\u015f olur.<\/p>

                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                    III. H\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/h2>

                                                                    1. Art\u0131rmaya kat\u0131lan\u0131n ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 an<\/h2>

                                                                    a. Genel olarak<\/h2>

                                                                    MADDE 276-<\/strong>\u00a0Art\u0131rmaya kat\u0131lan ki\u015fi, sat\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in konulmu\u015f olan ko\u015fullar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00f6nerisiyle ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                    Aksine bir ko\u015ful yoksa, \u00f6neride bulunan\u0131n ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, kendisinden daha y\u00fcksek bir \u00f6neri yap\u0131lmas\u0131yla sona erer veya daha y\u00fcksek \u00f6neri olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sorulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine b\u00f6yle bir \u00f6nerinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, \u00f6nerisinin hemen kabul edilmemesiyle ortadan kalkar.<\/p>

                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                    b. Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k art\u0131rma yoluyla sat\u0131\u015f\u0131nda<\/h2>

                                                                    MADDE 277-<\/strong>\u00a0Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k art\u0131rma yoluyla sat\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, ihalenin veya reddinin art\u0131rmadan hemen sonra yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>

                                                                    \u00d6neride bulunan\u0131n ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131rmadan sonra da devam edece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren ko\u015ful ge\u00e7ersizdir. Ancak, bu kural cebr\u00ee art\u0131rmalarda ve ihalenin bir kamu g\u00f6revlisince onaylanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi durumlarda uygulanmaz.<\/p>

                                                                    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                    2. \u00d6demenin pe\u015fin olmas\u0131 gere\u011fi<\/h2>

                                                                    MADDE 278-\u00a0<\/strong>Art\u0131rma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa, ihale bedelinin pe\u015fin \u00f6denmesi gerekir.<\/p>

                                                                    \u0130hale bedeli pe\u015fin olarak veya art\u0131rma ko\u015fullar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca \u00f6denmezse sat\u0131c\u0131, sat\u0131\u015ftan hemen d\u00f6nebilir.<\/p>

                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                    3. M\u00fclkiyetin ge\u00e7mesi<\/h2>

                                                                    MADDE 279-\u00a0<\/strong>Art\u0131rmada ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r bir mal alan ki\u015fi, onun m\u00fclkiyetini ihale an\u0131nda kazan\u0131r. Art\u0131rmadan al\u0131nan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n m\u00fclkiyeti, ancak tapu siciline tescille al\u0131c\u0131ya ge\u00e7er.<\/p>

                                                                    Art\u0131rma g\u00f6revlisi, sat\u0131\u015f tutana\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilen ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n al\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131na tescilini hemen tapu idaresine bildirir.<\/p>

                                                                    Cebr\u00ee art\u0131rma sonucunda yap\u0131lan ihalelerde m\u00fclkiyetin ge\u00e7mesine ili\u015fkin \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmler sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                    \u0130ste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6zel art\u0131rmalarda m\u00fclkiyetin ge\u00e7mesi genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere tabidir.<\/p>

                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                    4. Zapttan ve ay\u0131ptan sorumluluk<\/h2>

                                                                    MADDE 280-<\/strong>\u00a0Cebr\u00ee art\u0131rmalarda zapttan ve ay\u0131ptan sorumlulu\u011fa ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler uygulanmaz.<\/p>

                                                                    Art\u0131rmadan mal alan ki\u015fi, o mala, tapu siciline veya sat\u0131\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131na ya da kanuna g\u00f6re belirli olan durumu, haklar\u0131 ve y\u00fckleri ile birlikte malik olur.<\/p>

                                                                    \u0130ste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k art\u0131rmalarda sat\u0131c\u0131, sat\u0131lan\u0131n zapt\u0131ndan ve ay\u0131plar\u0131ndan sorumludur. Ancak, aldatma durumu d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, art\u0131rma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtip duyurmak suretiyle bu sorumluluktan kurtulabilir.<\/p>

                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                    IV. Art\u0131rman\u0131n iptali<\/h2>

                                                                    MADDE 281-<\/strong>\u00a0Hukuka veya ahlaka ayk\u0131r\u0131 yollara ba\u015fvurularak ihalenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015fsa her ilgili, iptal sebebini \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi g\u00fcnden ba\u015flayarak on g\u00fcn ve her h\u00e2lde ihale tarihini izleyen bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde ihalenin iptalini mahkemeden isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                    Cebr\u00ee art\u0131rmalar hakk\u0131nda \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmler sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                    \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/h2>

                                                                    Mal De\u011fi\u015fim S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/h2>

                                                                    A. Tan\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                    MADDE 282-\u00a0Mal de\u011fi\u015fim s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, taraflardan birinin di\u011fer tarafa bir veya birden \u00e7ok \u015feyin zilyetlik ve m\u00fclkiyetini, di\u011fer taraf\u0131n da kar\u015f\u0131 edim olarak ba\u015fka bir veya birden \u00e7ok \u015feyin zilyetlik ve m\u00fclkiyetini devretmeyi \u00fcstlendi\u011fi s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir.<\/p>

                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                    B. Tabi oldu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcmler<\/h2>

                                                                    MADDE 283-\u00a0Sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler, mal de\u011fi\u015fim s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine de uygulan\u0131r; buna g\u00f6re taraflardan her biri, vermeyi \u00fcstlendi\u011fi \u015fey bak\u0131m\u0131ndan sat\u0131c\u0131, kendisine verilmesi \u00fcstlenilen \u015fey bak\u0131m\u0131ndan al\u0131c\u0131 durumundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                    C. Zapttan ve ay\u0131ptan sorumluluk<\/h2>

                                                                    MADDE 284-\u00a0Sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin zapttan ve ay\u0131ptan sorumlulu\u011fa ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygun d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde, mal de\u011fi\u015fim s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine de uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                    \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                                    \u00dc\u00c7\u00dcNC\u00dc B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/h2>

                                                                    Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/h2>

                                                                    A. Tan\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                    MADDE 285-<\/strong>\u00a0Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayan\u0131n sa\u011flararas\u0131 sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmak \u00fczere, malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanana kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z olarak bir kazand\u0131rma yapmay\u0131 \u00fcstlendi\u011fi s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir.<\/p>

                                                                    Hen\u00fcz edinilmemi\u015f olan bir haktan feragat etmek veya bir miras\u0131 reddetmek, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama de\u011fildir.<\/p>

                                                                    Ahlaki bir \u00f6devin yerine getirilmesi de ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama say\u0131lmaz.<\/p>

                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                    B. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama ehliyeti<\/h2>

                                                                    I. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayan i\u00e7in<\/h2>

                                                                    MADDE 286-<\/strong>\u00a0Fiil ehliyetine sahip olan herkes, e\u015fler aras\u0131ndaki mal rejiminden veya miras hukukundan do\u011fan s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar sakl\u0131 kalmak \u00fczere, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama yapabilir.<\/p>

                                                                    Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamay\u0131 izleyen bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir yarg\u0131lama sonucunda ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayan\u0131n, savurganl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131na karar verilirse, o ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama mahkemece iptal edilebilir.<\/p>

                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                    II. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanan i\u00e7in<\/h2>

                                                                    MADDE 287-<\/strong>\u00a0Fiil ehliyeti bulunmayan ki\u015fi ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahipse, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamay\u0131 kabul edebilir. Ancak, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanan\u0131n yasal temsilcisi bu ki\u015finin ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamay\u0131 kabul\u00fcn\u00fc yasaklar veya ba\u011f\u0131\u015flan\u0131lan \u015feyin geri verilmesini emrederse, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama ortadan kalkar.<\/p>

                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                    C. Kurulmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                    I. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama s\u00f6z\u00fc verme<\/h2>

                                                                    MADDE 288-<\/strong>\u00a0Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama s\u00f6z\u00fc vermenin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi, bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                    Bir ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n veya ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerindeki ayni bir hakk\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fc vermenin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi, ancak resm\u00ee \u015fekilde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                    \u015eekle uyulmamas\u0131 sebebiyle ge\u00e7ersiz olan ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama s\u00f6z\u00fc verme, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayan taraf\u0131ndan yerine getirildi\u011finde, elden ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir. Ancak, ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi resm\u00ee \u015fekle ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olan ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamalarda bu h\u00fck\u00fcm uygulanmaz.<\/p>

                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                    II. Elden ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama<\/h2>

                                                                    MADDE 289-\u00a0Elden ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayan\u0131n bir ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanana teslim etmesiyle kurulmu\u015f olur.<\/p>

                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                    III. Ko\u015fullu ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama<\/h2>

                                                                    MADDE 290-<\/strong>\u00a0Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama, bir ko\u015fula ba\u011flanarak yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>

                                                                    Yerine getirilmesi ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 olan ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamada, vasiyete ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                    IV. Y\u00fcklemeli ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama<\/h2>

                                                                    MADDE 291-<\/strong>\u00a0Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayan ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamas\u0131na y\u00fcklemeler koyabilir.<\/p>

                                                                    Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayan, s\u00f6zle\u015fme gere\u011fince ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanan taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmi\u015f olan y\u00fcklemelerin yerine getirilmesini isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                    Kamu yarar\u0131na olarak ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamaya konulmu\u015f olan bir y\u00fcklemenin yerine getirilmesini isteme yetkisi, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra, ilgili kamu kurumuna ge\u00e7er.<\/p>

                                                                    Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama konusunun de\u011feri, y\u00fcklemenin yerine getirilmesi masraflar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaz ve a\u015fan k\u0131s\u0131m kendisine \u00f6denmezse ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanan, y\u00fcklemeyi yerine getirmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nabilir.<\/p>

                                                                    \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                                    V. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayana d\u00f6nme ko\u015fullu ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama<\/h2>

                                                                    MADDE 292-<\/strong>\u00a0Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayan, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanan\u0131n kendisinden \u00f6nce \u00f6lmesi durumunda, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama konusunun kendisine d\u00f6nmesi ko\u015fulunu koyabilir.<\/p>

                                                                    Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama konusu, ta\u015f\u0131nmaza veya ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerindeki bir ayni hakka ili\u015fkin ise, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayana d\u00f6nme ko\u015fulu tapu siciline \u015ferh verilebilir.<\/p>

                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                    VI. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama \u00f6nerisinin geri al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                    MADDE 293-\u00a0<\/strong>Bir kimse ba\u015fkas\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamay\u0131 \u00f6nerdi\u011fi bir mal\u0131, ba\u015fka mallar\u0131ndan fiilen ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olsa bile, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne kadar, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama \u00f6nerisini geri alabilir.<\/p>

                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                    D. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayan\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu<\/h2>

                                                                    MADDE 294-\u00a0Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayan, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamadan do\u011fan zarardan bu zarara a\u011f\u0131r kusuruyla sebep olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanana kar\u015f\u0131 sorumlu de\u011fildir.<\/p>

                                                                    Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayan, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flan\u0131lan \u015fey veya alacak hakk\u0131nda ayr\u0131ca garanti s\u00f6z\u00fc vermi\u015fse, bununla sorumlu olur.<\/p>

                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                    E. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flaman\u0131n ortadan kalkmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                    I. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flaman\u0131n geri al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                    MADDE 295-\u00a0<\/strong>Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayan, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki durumlardan biri ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015fse, elden ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamay\u0131 veya yerine getirdi\u011fi ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc geri alabilir ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanan\u0131n istem tarihindeki zenginle\u015fmesi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama konusunun geri verilmesini isteyebilir:<\/p>

                                                                    1. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanan, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayana veya yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndan birine kar\u015f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r bir su\u00e7 i\u015flemi\u015fse.<\/li>
                                                                    2. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanan, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayana veya onun ailesinden bir kimseye kar\u015f\u0131 kanundan do\u011fan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerine \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranm\u0131\u015fsa.<\/li>
                                                                    3. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanan, y\u00fcklemeli ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamada hakl\u0131 bir sebep olmaks\u0131z\u0131n y\u00fcklemeyi yerine getirmemi\u015fse.<\/li><\/ol>

                                                                      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                      II. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama s\u00f6z\u00fc vermenin geri al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve ifadan ka\u00e7\u0131nma<\/h2>

                                                                      MADDE 296-\u00a0<\/strong>Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama s\u00f6z\u00fc veren, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki durumlarda s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc geri alabilir ve onu ifadan ka\u00e7\u0131nabilir:<\/p>

                                                                      1. Elden ba\u011f\u0131\u015flan\u0131lan bir mal\u0131n geri verilmesini isteyebilece\u011fi sebeplerden biri varsa.<\/li>
                                                                      2. Mali durumu, sonradan s\u00f6z\u00fcn yerine getirilmesini kendisi i\u00e7in ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc a\u011f\u0131r k\u0131lacak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015fse.<\/li>
                                                                      3. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama s\u00f6z\u00fc verdikten sonra, kendisi i\u00e7in yeni aile y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri do\u011fmu\u015f veya bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fm\u0131\u015fsa.<\/li><\/ol>

                                                                        Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama s\u00f6z\u00fc verenin borcunu \u00f6deme g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc belirlenir veya iflas\u0131na karar verilirse, ifa y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ortadan kalkar.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        III. Geri alma hakk\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresi ve miras\u00e7\u0131lara ge\u00e7mesi<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                        MADDE 297-<\/strong>\u00a0Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayan, geri alma sebebini \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi g\u00fcnden ba\u015flayarak bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamay\u0131 geri alabilir.<\/p>

                                                                        Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayan bir y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre dolmadan \u00f6l\u00fcrse, geri alma hakk\u0131 miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na ge\u00e7er ve miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 bu s\u00fcrenin sona ermesine kadar bu hakk\u0131 kullanabilirler.<\/p>

                                                                        Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayan, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda geri alma sebebini \u00f6\u011frenememi\u015fse, miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden ba\u015flayarak bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamay\u0131 geri alma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilirler.<\/p>

                                                                        Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanan, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayan\u0131 kasten ve hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr veya onun geri alma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 engellerse, miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamay\u0131 geri alabilirler.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                                        IV. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 298-<\/strong>\u00a0Aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa, d\u00f6nemsel edimleri i\u00e7eren ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle sona erer.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        D\u00d6RD\u00dcNC\u00dc B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/h2>

                                                                        Kira S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/h2>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                                        B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 AYIRIM<\/h2>

                                                                        Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler<\/h2>

                                                                        A. Tan\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 299-\u00a0<\/strong>Kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, kiraya verenin bir \u015feyin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 veya kullanmayla birlikte ondan yararlan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kirac\u0131ya b\u0131rakmay\u0131, kirac\u0131n\u0131n da buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan kira bedelini \u00f6demeyi \u00fcstlendi\u011fi s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        B. Kira s\u00fcresi<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 300-\u00a0<\/strong>Kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, belirli ve belirli olmayan bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>

                                                                        Kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mesiyle herhangi bir bildirim olmaks\u0131z\u0131n sona erecek kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi belirli s\u00fcrelidir; di\u011fer kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri belirli olmayan bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                        C. Kiraya verenin bor\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                        I. Teslim borcu<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 301-\u00a0<\/strong>Kiraya veren, kiralanan\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan tarihte, s\u00f6zle\u015fmede ama\u00e7lanan kullan\u0131ma elveri\u015fli bir durumda teslim etmek ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme s\u00fcresince bu durumda bulundurmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, konut ve \u00e7at\u0131l\u0131 i\u015fyeri kiralar\u0131nda kirac\u0131 aleyhine de\u011fi\u015ftirilemez; di\u011fer kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde ise, kirac\u0131 aleyhine genel i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131 yoluyla bu h\u00fckme ayk\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lamaz.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        II. Vergi ve benzeri y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklere katlanma borcu<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 302-\u00a0<\/strong>Kiralananla ilgili zorunlu sigorta, vergi ve benzeri y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklere, aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f veya kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f ise, kiraya veren katlan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        III. Yan giderlere katlanma borcu<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 303-\u00a0<\/strong>Kiraya veren, kiralanan\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131yla ilgili olmak \u00fczere, kendisi veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan yan giderlere katlanmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        IV. Kiraya verenin kiralanan\u0131n ay\u0131plar\u0131ndan sorumlulu\u011fu<\/h2>

                                                                        1. Kiralanan\u0131n teslim an\u0131ndaki ay\u0131plar\u0131ndan sorumluluk<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 304-\u00a0<\/strong>Kiralanan\u0131n \u00f6nemli ay\u0131plarla teslimi h\u00e2linde kirac\u0131, bor\u00e7lunun temerr\u00fcd\u00fcne veya kiraya verenin kiralanan\u0131n sonradan ay\u0131pl\u0131 duruma gelmesinden do\u011fan sorumlulu\u011funa ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmlere ba\u015fvurabilir.<\/p>

                                                                        Kiralanan\u0131n \u00f6nemli olmayan ay\u0131plarla tesliminde ise kirac\u0131, kiralananda sonradan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ay\u0131plardan dolay\u0131 kiraya verenin sorumlulu\u011funa ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmlere ba\u015fvurabilir.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        2. Kiralanan\u0131n sonradan ay\u0131pl\u0131 h\u00e2le gelmesinden sorumluluk<\/h2>

                                                                        a. Genel olarak<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 305-\u00a0<\/strong>Kiralanan sonradan ay\u0131pl\u0131 duruma gelirse kirac\u0131, kiraya verenden ay\u0131plar\u0131n giderilmesini veya kira bedelinden ay\u0131pla orant\u0131l\u0131 bir indirim yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ya da zarar\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesini isteyebilir. Ancak, zarar\u0131n giderilmesi istemi di\u011fer se\u00e7imlik haklar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemez.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00d6nemli ay\u0131p durumunda kirac\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi fesih hakk\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                                        b. Ay\u0131b\u0131n giderilmesini isteme ve fesih<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 306-\u00a0<\/strong>Kirac\u0131, kiraya verenden kiralanandaki ay\u0131b\u0131n uygun bir s\u00fcrede giderilmesini isteyebilir; bu s\u00fcrede ay\u0131p giderilmezse kirac\u0131, ay\u0131b\u0131 kiraya veren hesab\u0131na gidertebilir ve bundan do\u011fan alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kira bedelinden indirebilir veya kiralanan\u0131n ay\u0131ps\u0131z bir benzeri ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                        Ay\u0131b\u0131n, kiralanan\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen kullan\u0131ma elveri\u015flili\u011fini ortadan kald\u0131rmas\u0131 ya da \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde engellemesi ve verilen s\u00fcrede giderilmemesi h\u00e2linde kirac\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi feshedebilir.<\/p>

                                                                        Kiraya veren, kiralanandaki ay\u0131b\u0131 gidermek yerine, uygun bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde ay\u0131ps\u0131z benzeriyle de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir.<\/p>

                                                                        Kiraya veren, kirac\u0131ya ayn\u0131 mal\u0131n ay\u0131ps\u0131z bir benzerini hemen vererek ve u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarar\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 gidererek, onun se\u00e7imlik haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        c. Kira bedelinin indirilmesi<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 307-\u00a0<\/strong>Kirac\u0131, kiralanan\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen ay\u0131plar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2linde, bu ay\u0131plar\u0131n kiraya veren taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frenilmesinden ay\u0131b\u0131n giderilmesine kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre i\u00e7in, kira bedelinden ay\u0131pla orant\u0131l\u0131 bir indirim yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        d. Zarar\u0131n giderimi<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 308-\u00a0<\/strong>Kiraya veren, kusuru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispat etmedik\u00e7e,\u00a0<\/strong>kiralanan\u0131n ay\u0131pl\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan do\u011fan zararlar\u0131 kirac\u0131ya \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        V. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015finin ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc haklar sebebiyle sorumluluk<\/h2>

                                                                        1. Zapttan sorumluluk<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 309-\u00a0<\/strong>Bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015finin kiralananda kirac\u0131n\u0131n hakk\u0131yla ba\u011fda\u015fmayan bir hak ileri s\u00fcrmesi durumunda kiraya veren, kirac\u0131n\u0131n bildirimi \u00fczerine davay\u0131 \u00fcstlenmek ve kirac\u0131n\u0131n u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc zarar\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        2. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015finin s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131ndan sonra \u00fcst\u00fcn hak sahibi olmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                        a. Kiralanan\u0131n el de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 310-\u00a0<\/strong>S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131ndan sonra kiralanan herhangi bir sebeple el de\u011fi\u015ftirirse, yeni malik kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin taraf\u0131 olur.<\/p>

                                                                        Kamula\u015ft\u0131rmaya ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        b. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015finin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak sahibi olmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 311-\u00a0<\/strong>S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131ndan sonra \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015fi, kiralanan \u00fczerinde kirac\u0131n\u0131n hakk\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen bir ayni hak sahibi olursa, kiralanan\u0131n el de\u011fi\u015ftirmesiyle ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmler k\u0131yas yoluyla uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        c. Tapu siciline \u015ferh<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 312-\u00a0<\/strong>Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz kiralar\u0131nda, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle kirac\u0131n\u0131n kirac\u0131l\u0131k hakk\u0131n\u0131n tapu siciline \u015ferhi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        D. Kirac\u0131n\u0131n bor\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                        I. Kira bedelini \u00f6deme borcu<\/h2>

                                                                        1. Genel olarak<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 313-\u00a0<\/strong>Kirac\u0131, kira bedelini \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                        2. \u0130fa zaman\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 314-\u00a0<\/strong>Kirac\u0131, aksine s\u00f6zle\u015fme ve yerel \u00e2det olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, kira bedelini ve gerekiyorsa yan giderleri, her ay\u0131n sonunda ve en ge\u00e7 kira s\u00fcresinin bitiminde \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        3. Kirac\u0131n\u0131n temerr\u00fcd\u00fc<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 315-\u00a0<\/strong>Kirac\u0131, kiralanan\u0131n tesliminden sonra muaccel olan kira bedelini veya yan gideri \u00f6deme borcunu ifa etmezse, kiraya veren kirac\u0131ya yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak bir s\u00fcre verip, bu s\u00fcrede de ifa etmeme durumunda, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi feshedece\u011fini bildirebilir.<\/p>

                                                                        Kirac\u0131ya verilecek s\u00fcre en az on g\u00fcn, konut ve \u00e7at\u0131l\u0131 i\u015fyeri kiralar\u0131nda ise en az otuz g\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu s\u00fcre, kirac\u0131ya yaz\u0131l\u0131 bildirimin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihi izleyen g\u00fcnden itibaren i\u015flemeye ba\u015flar.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        II. \u00d6zenle kullanma ve kom\u015fulara sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterme borcu<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 316-\u00a0<\/strong>Kirac\u0131, kiralanan\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye uygun olarak \u00f6zenle kullanmak ve kiralanan\u0131n bulundu\u011fu ta\u015f\u0131nmazda oturan ki\u015filer ile kom\u015fulara gerekli sayg\u0131y\u0131 g\u00f6stermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                        Kirac\u0131n\u0131n bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranmas\u0131 durumunda kiraya veren, konut ve \u00e7at\u0131l\u0131 i\u015fyeri kiras\u0131nda, en az otuz g\u00fcn s\u00fcre vererek, ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi, aksi takdirde s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi feshedece\u011fi konusunda yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir ihtarda bulunur. Di\u011fer kira ili\u015fkilerinde ise, kiraya veren, kirac\u0131ya \u00f6nceden bir ihtarda bulunmaks\u0131z\u0131n, yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir bildirimle s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi hemen feshedebilir.<\/p>

                                                                        Konut ve \u00e7at\u0131l\u0131 i\u015fyeri kiras\u0131nda, kirac\u0131n\u0131n kiralanana kasten a\u011f\u0131r bir zarar vermesi, kirac\u0131ya verilecek s\u00fcrenin yarars\u0131z olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 veya kirac\u0131n\u0131n bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kiraya veren veya ayn\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmazda oturan ki\u015filer ile kom\u015fular bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilmez olmas\u0131 durumlar\u0131nda kiraya veren, yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir bildirimle s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi hemen feshedebilir.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        III. Temizlik ve bak\u0131m giderlerini \u00f6deme borcu<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 317-<\/strong>\u00a0Kirac\u0131, kiralanan\u0131n ola\u011fan kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli temizlik ve bak\u0131m giderlerini \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu konuda yerel \u00e2dete de bak\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        IV. Ay\u0131plar\u0131 kiraya verene bildirme borcu<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 318-\u00a0<\/strong>Kirac\u0131, kendisinin gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ay\u0131plar\u0131 kiraya verene gecikmeksizin bildirmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr; aksi takdirde bundan do\u011fan zarardan sorumludur.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        V. Ay\u0131plar\u0131n giderilmesine ve kiralanan\u0131n g\u00f6sterilmesine katlanma borcu<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 319-\u00a0<\/strong>Kirac\u0131, kiralanan\u0131n ay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesine ya da zararlar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesine y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara katlanmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                        Kirac\u0131, bak\u0131m, sat\u0131\u015f ya da sonraki kiralama i\u00e7in zorunlu oldu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde, kiraya verenin ve onun belirledi\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015finin kiralanan\u0131 gezip g\u00f6rmesine izin vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                        Kiraya veren, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve kiralanan\u0131n gezilip g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fini uygun bir s\u00fcre\u00a0\u00f6nce kirac\u0131ya bildirmek ve bunlar\u0131n\u00a0yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada kirac\u0131n\u0131n yararlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutmak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                        Kirac\u0131n\u0131n kira bedelinin indirilmesine ve zarar\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesine ili\u015fkin haklar\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        E. \u00d6zel durumlar<\/h2>

                                                                        I. Kiralananda yenilik ve de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                        1. Kiraya veren taraf\u0131ndan<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 320-<\/strong>\u00a0Kiraya veren, kiralananda, kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin feshini gerektirmeyen ve kirac\u0131dan katlanmas\u0131 beklenebilecek olan yenilik ve de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yapabilir.<\/p>

                                                                        Bu yenilik ve de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kiraya veren, kirac\u0131n\u0131n menfaatlerini g\u00f6zetmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Kirac\u0131n\u0131n, kira bedelinin indirilmesine ve zarar\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesine ili\u015fkin haklar\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        2. Kirac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 321-\u00a0<\/strong>Kirac\u0131, kiraya verenin yaz\u0131l\u0131 r\u0131zas\u0131yla kiralananda yenilik ve de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yapabilir.<\/p>

                                                                        Yenilik ve de\u011fi\u015fikliklere r\u0131za g\u00f6steren kiraya veren, yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, kiralanan\u0131n eski durumuyla geri verilmesini isteyemez.<\/p>

                                                                        Kirac\u0131, aksine yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir anla\u015fma yoksa, kiraya verenin r\u0131zas\u0131yla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yenilik ve de\u011fi\u015fiklikler sebebiyle kiralananda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan de\u011fer art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 isteyemez.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        II. Alt kira ve kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n devri<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 322-\u00a0<\/strong>Kirac\u0131, kiraya verene zarar verecek bir de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe yol a\u00e7mamak ko\u015fuluyla, kiralanan\u0131 tamamen veya k\u0131smen ba\u015fkas\u0131na kiraya verebilece\u011fi gibi, kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 da ba\u015fkas\u0131na devredebilir.<\/p>

                                                                        Kirac\u0131, konut ve \u00e7at\u0131l\u0131 i\u015fyeri kiralar\u0131nda, kiraya verenin yaz\u0131l\u0131 r\u0131zas\u0131 olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, kiralanan\u0131 ba\u015fkas\u0131na kiralayamayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 da devredemez.<\/p>

                                                                        Alt kirac\u0131, kiralanan\u0131 kirac\u0131ya tan\u0131nandan ba\u015fka bi\u00e7imde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde kirac\u0131, kiraya verene kar\u015f\u0131 sorumlu olur. Bu durumda kiraya veren, kirac\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 sahip oldu\u011fu haklar\u0131 alt kirac\u0131ya veya kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 devralana kar\u015f\u0131 da kullanabilir.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        III. Kira ili\u015fkisinin devri\u00a0<\/sup><\/strong><\/a>[2]<\/p>

                                                                        MADDE 323-<\/strong>\u00a0Kirac\u0131, kiraya verenin yaz\u0131l\u0131 r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 almad\u0131k\u00e7a, kira ili\u015fkisini ba\u015fkas\u0131na devredemez. Kiraya veren, i\u015fyeri kiralar\u0131nda hakl\u0131 sebep olmad\u0131k\u00e7a bu r\u0131zay\u0131 vermekten ka\u00e7\u0131namaz.<\/p>

                                                                        Kiraya verenin yaz\u0131l\u0131 r\u0131zas\u0131yla kira ili\u015fkisi kendisine devredilen ki\u015fi, kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde kirac\u0131n\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7er ve devreden kirac\u0131, kiraya verene kar\u015f\u0131 bor\u00e7lar\u0131ndan kurtulur.<\/p>

                                                                        \u0130\u015fyeri kiralar\u0131nda devreden kirac\u0131, kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin bitimine kadar ve en fazla iki y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle devralanla birlikte m\u00fcteselsilen sorumlu olur.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        IV. Kiralanan\u0131n kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                        1. Genel olarak<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 324-\u00a0<\/strong>Kullan\u0131ma elveri\u015fli bulunduruldu\u011fu s\u00fcrece kiralanan, kirac\u0131n\u0131n kendisinden kaynaklanan bir sebeple kullan\u0131lmasa veya s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lsa bile kirac\u0131, kira bedelini \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu durumda, kiraya verenin yapmaktan kurtuldu\u011fu giderler kira bedelinden indirilir.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        2. Kiralanan\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin bitiminden \u00f6nce geri verilmesi2<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 325-\u00a0<\/strong>Kirac\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fme s\u00fcresine veya fesih d\u00f6nemine uymaks\u0131z\u0131n kiralanan\u0131 geri verdi\u011fi takdirde, kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden do\u011fan bor\u00e7lar\u0131, kiralanan\u0131n benzer ko\u015fullarla kiraya verilebilece\u011fi makul bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in devam eder. Kirac\u0131n\u0131n bu s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mesinden \u00f6nce kiraya verenden kabul etmesi beklenebilecek, \u00f6deme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip ve kira ili\u015fkisini devralmaya haz\u0131r yeni bir kirac\u0131 bulmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, kirac\u0131n\u0131n kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden do\u011fan bor\u00e7lar\u0131 sona erer.<\/p>

                                                                        Kiraya veren, yapmaktan kurtuldu\u011fu giderler ile kiralanan\u0131 ba\u015fka bi\u00e7imde kullanmakla elde etti\u011fi veya elde etmekten kasten ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yararlar\u0131 kira bedelinden indirmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                                        V. Takastan feragat yasa\u011f\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 326-\u00a0<\/strong>Kirac\u0131 ve kiraya veren, kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden do\u011fan alacaklar\u0131n\u0131 takas etme hakk\u0131ndan \u00f6nceden feragat edemezler.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        F. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona ermesi<\/h2>

                                                                        I. S\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mesi<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 327-\u00a0<\/strong>A\u00e7\u0131k veya \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc bi\u00e7imde bir s\u00fcre belirlenmi\u015fse, kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi bu s\u00fcrenin sonunda kendili\u011finden sona erer.<\/p>

                                                                        Taraflar, bu durumda, a\u00e7\u0131k bir anla\u015fma olmaks\u0131z\u0131n kira ili\u015fkisini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrlerse, kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi belirsiz s\u00fcreli s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        II. Belirsiz s\u00fcreli kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde fesih bildirimi<\/h2>

                                                                        1. Genel olarak<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 328-\u00a0<\/strong>Belirsiz s\u00fcreli kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde taraflardan her biri, daha uzun bir fesih bildirim s\u00fcresi veya ba\u015fka bir fesih d\u00f6nemi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, yasal fesih d\u00f6nemlerine ve fesih bildirim s\u00fcrelerine uyarak s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi feshedebilir. Fesih d\u00f6nemlerinin hesab\u0131nda, kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 tarihi esas al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                        S\u00f6zle\u015fmede veya kanunda belirtilen fesih d\u00f6nemine veya bildirim s\u00fcresine uyulmam\u0131\u015fsa, bildirim bir sonraki fesih d\u00f6nemi i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olur.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        2. Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz ve ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r yap\u0131 kiralar\u0131nda<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 329-\u00a0<\/strong>Taraflardan her biri, bir ta\u015f\u0131nmaza veya ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r bir yap\u0131ya ili\u015fkin kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini yerel \u00e2dette belirlenen kira d\u00f6neminin sonu i\u00e7in veya b\u00f6yle bir \u00e2detin bulunmamas\u0131 durumunda, alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k kira d\u00f6neminin sonu i\u00e7in, \u00fc\u00e7 ayl\u0131k fesih bildirim s\u00fcresine uyarak feshedebilir.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        3. Ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r kiralar\u0131nda<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 330-\u00a0<\/strong>Taraflardan her biri, bir ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131ra ili\u015fkin kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn \u00f6nceden yap\u0131lacak fesih bildirim s\u00fcresine uyarak her zaman feshedebilir.<\/p>

                                                                        Kiraya verenin meslek\u00ee faaliyeti gere\u011fi kiraya verdi\u011fi ve kirac\u0131n\u0131n da \u00f6zel kullan\u0131m\u0131na yarayan ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r bir mal\u0131n kirac\u0131s\u0131, kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini, \u00fc\u00e7 ayl\u0131k kira d\u00f6nemi sonu i\u00e7in en az bir ay \u00f6nceden yapaca\u011f\u0131 bir fesih bildirimiyle sona erdirebilir. Bu durumda kiraya verenin, zarar\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesini isteme hakk\u0131 yoktur.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        III. Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc fesih<\/h2>

                                                                        1. \u00d6nemli sebepler2<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 331-\u00a0<\/strong>Taraflardan her biri, kira ili\u015fkisinin devam\u0131n\u0131 kendisi i\u00e7in \u00e7ekilmez h\u00e2le getiren \u00f6nemli sebeplerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumunda, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi yasal fesih bildirim s\u00fcresine uyarak her zaman feshedebilir.<\/p>

                                                                        H\u00e2kim, durum ve ko\u015fullar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutarak, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc\u00a0<\/strong>fesih bildiriminin parasal sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 karara ba\u011flar.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        2. Kirac\u0131n\u0131n iflas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 332-\u00a0<\/strong>Kirac\u0131, kiralanan\u0131n tesliminden sonra iflas ederse kiraya veren, i\u015fleyecek kira bedelleri i\u00e7in g\u00fcvence verilmesini isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                        Kiraya veren, g\u00fcvence verilmesi i\u00e7in kirac\u0131 ve iflas masas\u0131na yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak uygun bir s\u00fcre verir. Bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde kendisine g\u00fcvence verilmezse kiraya veren, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi herhangi bir fesih bildirim s\u00fcresine uymaks\u0131z\u0131n hemen feshedebilir.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                                        3. Kirac\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 333-\u00a0<\/strong>Kirac\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6lmesi durumunda miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131, yasal fesih bildirim s\u00fcresine uyarak en yak\u0131n fesih d\u00f6nemi sonu i\u00e7in s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi feshedebilirler.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        G. Kiralanan\u0131n geri verilmesi<\/h2>

                                                                        I. Genel olarak<\/h2>

                                                                        MADDE 334-\u00a0<\/strong>Kirac\u0131 kiralanan\u0131 ne durumda teslim alm\u0131\u015fsa, kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin bitiminde o durumda geri vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ancak, kirac\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye uygun kullanma dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kiralananda meydana gelen eskimelerden ve bozulmalardan sorumlu de\u011fildir.<\/p>

                                                                        Kirac\u0131n\u0131n, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona ermesi h\u00e2linde, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ayk\u0131r\u0131 kullanmadan do\u011facak zararlar\u0131 giderme d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, ba\u015fkaca bir tazminat \u00f6deyece\u011fini \u00f6nceden taahh\u00fct etmesine ili\u015fkin anla\u015fmalar ge\u00e7ersizdir.<\/p>

                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                        1. Kiralanan\u0131n g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesi ve kirac\u0131ya bildirme<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                          MADDE 335-<\/strong>\u00a0Kiraya veren, geri verme s\u0131ras\u0131nda kiralanan\u0131n durumunu g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmek ve kirac\u0131n\u0131n sorumlu oldu\u011fu eksiklikleri ve ay\u0131plar\u0131 ona hemen yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak bildirmek zorundad\u0131r. Bu bildirim yap\u0131lmazsa, kirac\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sorumluluktan kurtulur. Ancak, teslim alma s\u0131ras\u0131nda ola\u011fan incelemeyle belirlenemeyecek olan eksikliklerin ve ay\u0131plar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2linde, kirac\u0131n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu devam eder. Kiraya veren, bu t\u00fcr eksiklikleri ve ay\u0131plar\u0131 belirledi\u011finde, kirac\u0131ya hemen yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak bildirmek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                          \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                          H. Kiraya verenin hapis hakk\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                          I. Konusu<\/h2>

                                                                          MADDE 336-\u00a0<\/strong>Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz kiralar\u0131nda kiraya veren, i\u015flemi\u015f bir y\u0131ll\u0131k ve i\u015flemekte olan alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k kira bedelinin g\u00fcvencesi olmak \u00fczere, kiralananda bulunan ve kiralanan\u0131n d\u00f6\u015fenmesine veya kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na yarayan ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rlar \u00fczerinde hapis hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>

                                                                          Kiraya verenin hapis hakk\u0131, alt kirac\u0131n\u0131n as\u0131l kirac\u0131ya olan kira borcunu a\u015fmamak \u00fczere, alt kirac\u0131n\u0131n kiralanana getirdi\u011fi ayn\u0131 nitelikteki ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 da kapsar.<\/p>

                                                                          Hapis hakk\u0131, kirac\u0131n\u0131n haczedilemeyen mallar\u0131 \u00fczerinde kullan\u0131lamaz.<\/p>

                                                                          \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                          II. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere ait olan e\u015fya<\/h2>

                                                                          MADDE 337-\u00a0<\/strong>\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin, kiraya verenin kirac\u0131ya ait olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildi\u011fi veya bilmesi gerekti\u011fi e\u015fya ile \u00e7al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, kaybolmu\u015f veya ba\u015fka bir bi\u00e7imde malikinin elinden iradesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f e\u015fya \u00fczerindeki haklar\u0131, kiraya verenin hapis hakk\u0131ndan \u00f6nce gelir.<\/p>

                                                                          Kiraya veren, kirac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kiralanana getirilmi\u015f olan ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n kirac\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fclkiyetinde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi devam ederken \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi h\u00e2lde, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi en yak\u0131n fesih d\u00f6neminin sonu i\u00e7in feshetmezse, bu e\u015fya \u00fczerindeki hapis hakk\u0131n\u0131 kaybeder.<\/p>

                                                                          \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                          III. Hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                          MADDE 338-\u00a0<\/strong>Kirac\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131nmak veya kiralananda bulunan ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ba\u015fka bir yere ta\u015f\u0131mak istedi\u011fi takdirde, kiraya veren, alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak miktardaki ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r\u0131, sulh h\u00e2kiminin veya icra m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn karar\u0131yla al\u0131koyabilir.<\/p>

                                                                          Al\u0131koyma karar\u0131n\u0131n konusu olan e\u015fya, gizlice veya zorla g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrse, g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclmelerinden ba\u015flayarak on g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde kolluk g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn yard\u0131m\u0131yla kiralanana geri getirilir.<\/p>

                                                                          \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                          \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 AYIRIM<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                          Konut ve \u00c7at\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015fyeri Kiralar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                          A. Uygulama alan\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                          MADDE 339-\u00a0<\/strong>Konut ve \u00e7at\u0131l\u0131 i\u015fyeri kiralar\u0131na ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler, bunlarla birlikte kullan\u0131m\u0131 kirac\u0131ya b\u0131rak\u0131lan e\u015fya hakk\u0131nda da uygulan\u0131r. Ancak bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler, niteli\u011fi gere\u011fi ge\u00e7ici kullan\u0131ma \u00f6zg\u00fclenmi\u015f ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n alt\u0131 ay ve daha k\u0131sa s\u00fcreyle\u00a0<\/strong>kiralanmalar\u0131nda uygulanmaz.<\/p>

                                                                          Kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n, hangi usul ve esaslar i\u00e7inde olursa olsun yapt\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerine de bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                          \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                          B. Ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme2<\/h2>

                                                                          MADDE 340-\u00a0<\/strong>Konut ve \u00e7at\u0131l\u0131 i\u015fyeri kiralar\u0131nda s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131 ya da s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, kirac\u0131n\u0131n yarar\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, kiralanan\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131yla do\u011frudan ili\u015fkisi olmayan bir bor\u00e7 alt\u0131na girmesine ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015fsa, kirayla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme ge\u00e7ersizdir.<\/p>

                                                                          \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                          C. Kullanma giderleri<\/h2>

                                                                          MADDE 341-\u00a0<\/strong>Kirac\u0131, konut ve \u00e7at\u0131l\u0131 i\u015fyeri kiralar\u0131nda, s\u00f6zle\u015fmede aksi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015fse veya aksine yerel \u00e2det yoksa, \u0131s\u0131tma, ayd\u0131nlatma ve su gibi kullanma giderlerine katlanmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                          Giderlere katlanan taraf, bu giderleri ispat edici belgelerin birer \u00f6rne\u011fini, istem \u00fczerine di\u011fer tarafa vermek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                          \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                          D. Kirac\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvence vermesi2<\/h2>

                                                                          MADDE 342-\u00a0<\/strong>Konut ve \u00e7at\u0131l\u0131 i\u015fyeri kiralar\u0131nda s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle kirac\u0131ya g\u00fcvence verme borcu getirilmi\u015fse, bu g\u00fcvence \u00fc\u00e7 ayl\u0131k kira bedelini a\u015famaz.<\/p>

                                                                          G\u00fcvence olarak para veya k\u0131ymetli evrak verilmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa kirac\u0131, kiraya verenin onay\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7ekilmemek \u00fczere, paray\u0131 vadeli bir tasarruf hesab\u0131na yat\u0131r\u0131r, k\u0131ymetli evrak\u0131 ise bir bankaya depo eder. Banka, g\u00fcvenceleri ancak iki taraf\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131yla veya icra takibinin kesinle\u015fmesiyle ya da kesinle\u015fmi\u015f mahkeme karar\u0131na dayanarak geri verebilir.<\/p>

                                                                          Kiraya veren, kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin sona ermesini izleyen \u00fc\u00e7 ay i\u00e7inde kirac\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesiyle ilgili bir dava a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 veya icra ya da iflas yoluyla takibe giri\u015fti\u011fini bankaya yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak bildirmemi\u015fse banka, kirac\u0131n\u0131n istemi \u00fczerine g\u00fcvenceyi geri vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                          \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                          E. Kira bedeli<\/h2>

                                                                          I. Genel olarak2<\/h2>

                                                                          MADDE 343-\u00a0<\/strong>Kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde kira bedelinin belirlenmesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, kirac\u0131 aleyhine de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lamaz.<\/p>

                                                                          \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                          II. Belirlenmesi2<\/a>[3]<\/a>[4]<\/h2>

                                                                          MADDE 344 –<\/strong>\u00a0Taraflar\u0131n yenilenen kira d\u00f6nemlerinde uygulanacak kira bedeline ili\u015fkin anla\u015fmalar\u0131, bir \u00f6nceki kira y\u0131l\u0131nda t\u00fcketici fiyat endeksindeki oniki ayl\u0131k ortalamalara g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fim oran\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7memek ko\u015fuluyla ge\u00e7erlidir. Bu kural, bir y\u0131ldan daha uzun s\u00fcreli kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde de uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                          Taraflarca bu konuda bir anla\u015fma yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa, kira bedeli, bir \u00f6nceki kira y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketici fiyat endeksindeki oniki ayl\u0131k ortalamalara g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fim oran\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7memek ko\u015fuluyla h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan, kiralanan\u0131n durumu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak hakkaniyete g\u00f6re belirlenir.<\/p>

                                                                          Taraflarca bu konuda bir anla\u015fma yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n, be\u015f y\u0131ldan uzun s\u00fcreli veya be\u015f y\u0131ldan sonra yenilenen kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde ve bundan sonraki her be\u015f y\u0131l\u0131n sonunda, yeni kira y\u0131l\u0131nda uygulanacak kira bedeli, h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fcketici fiyat endeksindeki oniki ayl\u0131k ortalamalara g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fim oran\u0131, kiralanan\u0131n durumu ve emsal kira bedelleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutularak hakkaniyete uygun bi\u00e7imde belirlenir. Her be\u015f y\u0131ldan sonraki kira y\u0131l\u0131nda bu bi\u00e7imde belirlenen kira bedeli, \u00f6nceki f\u0131kralarda yer alan ilkelere g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir.<\/p>

                                                                          S\u00f6zle\u015fmede kira bedeli yabanc\u0131 para olarak kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa 20\/2\/1930 tarihli ve 1567 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Paras\u0131n\u0131n K\u0131ymetini Koruma Hakk\u0131nda Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri sakl\u0131 kalmak \u015fart\u0131yla, be\u015f y\u0131l ge\u00e7medik\u00e7e kira bedelinde de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lamaz. Ancak, bu Kanunun, \u201cA\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ifa g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 138 inci maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fc sakl\u0131d\u0131r. Be\u015f y\u0131l ge\u00e7tikten sonra kira bedelinin belirlenmesinde, yabanc\u0131 paran\u0131n de\u011ferindeki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler de g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutularak \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kra h\u00fckm\u00fc uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                          \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                          III. Dava a\u00e7ma s\u00fcresi ve karar\u0131n etkisi<\/h2>

                                                                          MADDE 345-<\/strong>\u00a0Kira bedelinin belirlenmesine ili\u015fkin dava her zaman a\u00e7\u0131labilir.<\/p>

                                                                          Ancak, bu dava, yeni d\u00f6nemin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan en ge\u00e7 otuz g\u00fcn \u00f6nceki bir tarihte a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da kiraya veren taraf\u0131ndan bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde kira bedelinin art\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak kirac\u0131ya yaz\u0131l\u0131 bildirimde bulunulmu\u015f olmas\u0131 ko\u015fuluyla, izleyen yeni kira d\u00f6nemi sonuna kadar a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, mahkemece belirlenecek kira bedeli, bu yeni kira d\u00f6neminin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan itibaren kirac\u0131y\u0131 ba\u011flar.<\/p>

                                                                          S\u00f6zle\u015fmede yeni kira d\u00f6neminde kira bedelinin art\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir h\u00fck\u00fcm varsa, yeni kira d\u00f6neminin sonuna kadar a\u00e7\u0131lacak davada mahkemece belirlenecek kira bedeli de, bu yeni d\u00f6nemin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan itibaren ge\u00e7erli olur.<\/p>

                                                                          \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                          IV. Kirac\u0131 aleyhine d\u00fczenleme yasa\u011f\u01312<\/h2>

                                                                          MADDE 346-\u00a0<\/strong>Kirac\u0131ya, kira bedeli ve yan giderler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir \u00f6deme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc getirilemez. \u00d6zellikle, kira bedelinin zaman\u0131nda \u00f6denmemesi h\u00e2linde ceza\u00a0<\/strong>ko\u015fulu \u00f6denece\u011fine veya sonraki kira bedellerinin muaccel olaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin anla\u015fmalar ge\u00e7ersizdir.<\/p>

                                                                          \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                          F. Konut ve \u00e7at\u0131l\u0131 i\u015fyeri kiralar\u0131nda s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona ermesi<\/h2>

                                                                          I. Bildirim yoluyla<\/h2>

                                                                          1. Genel olarak<\/h2>

                                                                          MADDE 347-\u00a0<\/strong>Konut ve \u00e7at\u0131l\u0131 i\u015fyeri kiralar\u0131nda kirac\u0131, belirli s\u00fcreli s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin s\u00fcresinin bitiminden en az onbe\u015f g\u00fcn \u00f6nce bildirimde bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a, s\u00f6zle\u015fme ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullarla bir y\u0131l i\u00e7in uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. Kiraya veren, s\u00f6zle\u015fme s\u00fcresinin bitimine dayanarak s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi sona erdiremez. Ancak, on y\u0131ll\u0131k uzama s\u00fcresi sonunda kiraya veren, bu s\u00fcreyi izleyen her uzama y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n bitiminden en az \u00fc\u00e7 ay \u00f6nce bildirimde bulunmak ko\u015fuluyla, herhangi bir sebep g\u00f6stermeksizin s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye son verebilir.<\/p>

                                                                          Belirsiz s\u00fcreli kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde, kirac\u0131 her zaman, kiraya veren ise kiran\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan on y\u0131l ge\u00e7tikten sonra, genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re fesih bildirimiyle s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi sona erdirebilirler.<\/p>

                                                                          Genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re fesih hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi durumlarda, kiraya veren veya kirac\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi sona erdirebilir.<\/p>

                                                                          \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                          1. Bildirimin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi<\/strong><\/li>
                                                                          2. \u015eekil<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                            MADDE 348-<\/strong>\u00a0Konut ve \u00e7at\u0131l\u0131 i\u015fyeri kiralar\u0131nda fesih bildiriminin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi, yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                            b. Aile konutu<\/h2>

                                                                            MADDE 349-\u00a0<\/strong>Aile konutu olarak kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere kiralanan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda kirac\u0131, e\u015finin a\u00e7\u0131k r\u0131zas\u0131 olmad\u0131k\u00e7a kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini feshedemez.<\/p>

                                                                            Bu r\u0131zan\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmazsa veya e\u015f hakl\u0131 sebep olmaks\u0131z\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 vermekten ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131rsa kirac\u0131, h\u00e2kimden bu konuda bir karar vermesini isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                            Kirac\u0131 olmayan e\u015fin, kiraya verene bildirimde bulunarak kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin taraf\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 kazanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde kiraya veren, fesih bildirimi ile fesih ihtar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 bir \u00f6deme s\u00fcresini kirac\u0131ya ve e\u015fine ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 bildirmek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                            II. Dava yoluyla<\/h2>

                                                                            1. Kiraya verenden kaynaklanan sebeplerle<\/h2>

                                                                            a. Gereksinim, yeniden in\u015fa ve imar<\/h2>

                                                                            MADDE 350-\u00a0<\/strong>Kiraya veren, kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini;<\/p>

                                                                            1. Kiralanan\u0131 kendisi, e\u015fi, altsoyu, \u00fcstsoyu veya kanun gere\u011fi bakmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu di\u011fer ki\u015filer i\u00e7in konut ya da i\u015fyeri gereksinimi sebebiyle kullanma zorunlulu\u011fu varsa,<\/li>
                                                                            2. Kiralanan\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131 veya imar\u0131 amac\u0131yla esasl\u0131 onar\u0131m\u0131, geni\u015fletilmesi ya da de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi gerekli ve bu i\u015fler s\u0131ras\u0131nda kiralanan\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 imk\u00e2ns\u0131z ise,<\/li><\/ol>

                                                                              belirli s\u00fcreli s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde s\u00fcrenin sonunda, belirsiz s\u00fcreli s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde kiraya ili\u015fkin genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re fesih d\u00f6nemine ve fesih bildirimi i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u00fcrelere uyularak belirlenecek tarihten ba\u015flayarak bir ay i\u00e7inde a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 dava ile sona erdirebilir.<\/p>

                                                                              \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                              b. Yeni malikin gereksinimi<\/h2>

                                                                              MADDE 351-\u00a0<\/strong>Kiralanan\u0131 sonradan edinen ki\u015fi, onu kendisi, e\u015fi, altsoyu, \u00fcstsoyu veya kanun gere\u011fi bakmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu di\u011fer ki\u015filer i\u00e7in konut veya i\u015fyeri gereksinimi sebebiyle kullanma zorunlulu\u011fu varsa, edinme tarihinden ba\u015flayarak bir ay i\u00e7inde durumu kirac\u0131ya yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak bildirmek ko\u015fuluyla, kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini alt\u0131 ay sonra a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 bir davayla sona erdirebilir.<\/p>

                                                                              Kiralanan\u0131 sonradan edinen ki\u015fi, dilerse gereksinim sebebiyle s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi sona erdirme hakk\u0131n\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fme s\u00fcresinin bitiminden ba\u015flayarak bir ay i\u00e7inde a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 dava yoluyla da kullanabilir.<\/p>

                                                                              \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                              2. Kirac\u0131dan kaynaklanan sebeplerle<\/h2>

                                                                              MADDE 352-\u00a0<\/strong>Kirac\u0131, kiralanan\u0131n teslim edilmesinden sonra, kiraya verene kar\u015f\u0131, kiralanan\u0131 belli bir tarihte bo\u015faltmay\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak \u00fcstlendi\u011fi h\u00e2lde bo\u015faltmam\u0131\u015fsa kiraya veren, kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini bu tarihten ba\u015flayarak bir ay i\u00e7inde icraya ba\u015fvurmak veya dava a\u00e7mak suretiyle sona erdirebilir.<\/p>

                                                                              Kirac\u0131, bir y\u0131ldan k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde kira s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde; bir y\u0131l ve daha uzun s\u00fcreli kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde ise bir kira y\u0131l\u0131 veya bir kira y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fan s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde kira bedelini \u00f6demedi\u011fi i\u00e7in kendisine yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak iki hakl\u0131 ihtarda bulunulmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015fsa kiraya veren, kira s\u00fcresinin ve bir y\u0131ldan uzun s\u00fcreli kiralarda ihtarlar\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kira y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n bitiminden ba\u015flayarak bir ay i\u00e7inde, dava yoluyla kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini sona erdirebilir.<\/p>

                                                                              Kirac\u0131n\u0131n veya birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015finin ayn\u0131 il\u00e7e veya belde belediye s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde oturmaya elveri\u015fli bir konutu bulunmas\u0131 durumunda kiraya veren, kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin kurulmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda bunu bilmiyorsa, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin bitiminden ba\u015flayarak bir ay i\u00e7inde s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi dava yoluyla sona erdirebilir.<\/p>

                                                                              \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                                              3. Dava s\u00fcresinin uzamas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                              MADDE 353-\u00a0<\/strong>Kiraya veren, en ge\u00e7 davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u00fcrede dava a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kirac\u0131ya yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak bildirmi\u015fse, dava a\u00e7ma s\u00fcresi bir kira y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in uzam\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                              \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                              4. Dava sebeplerinin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u01312<\/h2>

                                                                              MADDE 354-\u00a0<\/strong>Dava yoluyla kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin sona erdirilmesine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler, kirac\u0131 aleyhine de\u011fi\u015ftirilemez.<\/p>

                                                                              \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                              5. Yeniden kiralama yasa\u011f\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                              MADDE 355-\u00a0<\/strong>Kiraya veren, gereksinim amac\u0131yla kiralanan\u0131n bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, hakl\u0131 sebep olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, kiralanan\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l ge\u00e7medik\u00e7e eski kirac\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015fkas\u0131na kiralayamaz.<\/p>

                                                                              Yeniden in\u015fa ve imar amac\u0131yla bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131 sa\u011flanan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar, eski h\u00e2li ile, hakl\u0131 sebep olmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l ge\u00e7medik\u00e7e ba\u015fkas\u0131na kiralanamaz. Eski kirac\u0131n\u0131n, yeniden in\u015fa ve imar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131, yeni durumu ve yeni kira bedeli ile kiralama konusunda \u00f6ncelik hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu hakk\u0131n, kiraya verenin yapaca\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 bildirimi izleyen bir ay i\u00e7inde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir; bu \u00f6ncelik hakk\u0131 sona erdirilmedik\u00e7e, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l ge\u00e7meden ba\u015fkas\u0131na kiralanamaz.<\/p>

                                                                              Kiraya veren, bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlere ayk\u0131r\u0131 davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, eski kirac\u0131s\u0131na son kira y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6denmi\u015f olan bir y\u0131ll\u0131k kira bedelinden az olmamak \u00fczere tazminat \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                              \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                              6. Kirac\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi<\/h2>

                                                                              MADDE 356-\u00a0<\/strong>\u00d6len kirac\u0131n\u0131n ortaklar\u0131 veya bu ortaklar\u0131n ayn\u0131 meslek ve sanat\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ve \u00f6len kirac\u0131 ile birlikte ayn\u0131 konutta oturanlar, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ve kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine uyduklar\u0131 s\u00fcrece, taraf olarak kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilirler.<\/p>

                                                                              \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                                              \u00dc\u00c7\u00dcNC\u00dc AYIRIM<\/h2>

                                                                              \u00dcr\u00fcn Kiras\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                              A. Tan\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                              MADDE 357-\u00a0<\/strong>\u00dcr\u00fcn kiras\u0131 kiraya verenin, kirac\u0131ya, \u00fcr\u00fcn veren bir \u015feyin veya hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin dev\u015firilmesini bedel kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u0131rakmay\u0131 \u00fcstlendi\u011fi s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir.<\/p>

                                                                              \u00dcr\u00fcne kat\u0131lmal\u0131 kira, kira bedelinin dev\u015firilecek \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn belli bir oran\u0131 olarak kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn kiras\u0131d\u0131r. Bu oran s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa, yerel \u00e2dete g\u00f6re belirlenir.<\/p>

                                                                              \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                              B. Genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin uygulanmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                              MADDE 358-\u00a0<\/strong>Bu ay\u0131r\u0131mda \u00fcr\u00fcn kiras\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a, kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ili\u015fkin genel h\u00fck\u00fcmler uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                              \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                              C. Tutanak d\u00fczenleme<\/h2>

                                                                              MADDE 359-\u00a0<\/strong>Kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, ara\u00e7 ve gere\u00e7leri, hayvanlar\u0131, devredilen e\u015fyay\u0131 veya stoklanm\u0131\u015f mallar\u0131 da i\u00e7eriyorsa taraflar, bunlar\u0131n de\u011ferlerini birlikte takdir ederek iki n\u00fcsha d\u00fczenleyecekleri tutana\u011fa ge\u00e7irip imzalayarak, birbirlerine vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcrler.<\/p>

                                                                              \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                                              D. Kiraya verenin bor\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                              I. Teslim borcu<\/h2>

                                                                              MADDE 360-\u00a0<\/strong>Kiraya veren, birlikte kiralanm\u0131\u015f ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r \u015feyler varsa bunlar da i\u00e7inde olmak \u00fczere, kiralanan\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin amac\u0131na uygun bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131lmaya ve i\u015fletilmeye elveri\u015fli bir durumda kirac\u0131ya teslim etmek ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme s\u00fcresince bu durumda bulundurmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                              \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                              II. Esasl\u0131 onar\u0131mlar<\/h2>

                                                                              MADDE 361-<\/strong>\u00a0Kiraya veren, kira s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlu olan esasl\u0131 onar\u0131mlar\u0131, kirac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bildirilir bildirilmez, gideri kendisine ait olmak \u00fczere yapmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                              \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                              E. Kirac\u0131n\u0131n bor\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                              I. Kira bedelini ve yan giderleri \u00f6deme borcu<\/h2>

                                                                              1. Genel olarak<\/h2>

                                                                              MADDE 362-<\/strong>\u00a0Kirac\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fmede aksine bir h\u00fck\u00fcm veya yerel \u00e2det olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, kira bedelini ve yan giderleri her kira y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ve en ge\u00e7 kira s\u00fcresinin sonunda \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                              Kirac\u0131, kiralanan\u0131n tesliminden sonra vadesi gelmi\u015f kira bedelini veya yan giderleri \u00f6demezse kiraya veren, kirac\u0131ya yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak en az altm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir \u00f6nel verip, bu \u00f6nel i\u00e7inde \u00f6dememesi durumunda s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi feshedece\u011fini bildirebilir.<\/p>

                                                                              \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                              2. Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc durumlarda kira bedelinden indirim<\/h2>

                                                                              MADDE 363-\u00a0<\/strong>Tar\u0131msal bir ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n her zamanki verimi, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc felaket veya do\u011fal olaylar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azal\u0131rsa kirac\u0131, kira bedelinden orant\u0131l\u0131 bir miktar\u0131n indirilmesini isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                              Bu haktan ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta feragat, ancak kira bedelinin belirlenmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda bu gibi durumlar\u0131n meydana gelmesi olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulmu\u015f veya do\u011fan zarar bir sigorta ile kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f ise, ge\u00e7erli olur.<\/p>

                                                                              \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                              II. Kiralanan\u0131 kullanma ve i\u015fletme borcu<\/h2>

                                                                              MADDE 364-\u00a0<\/strong>Kirac\u0131, kiralanan\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fclendi\u011fi amaca uygun\u00a0<\/strong>ve iyi bir bi\u00e7imde i\u015fletmekle, \u00f6zellikle \u00fcr\u00fcn vermeye elveri\u015fli bir durumda bulundurmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                              Kirac\u0131, kiraya verenin izni olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, kiralanan\u0131n i\u015fletme usul\u00fcn\u00fc, kira s\u00fcresinin bitiminden sonra etkisi g\u00f6r\u00fclebilecek bi\u00e7imde\u00a0de\u011fi\u015ftiremez.<\/p>

                                                                              \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                              III. Bak\u0131m borcu<\/h2>

                                                                              MADDE 365-<\/strong>\u00a0Kirac\u0131, kiralanan\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 gere\u011fi gibi sa\u011flamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                              Kirac\u0131, yerel \u00e2dete uygun olarak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck onar\u0131mlar\u0131 yapmak, bozulan veya kullan\u0131lmayla yok olan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck de\u011ferli ara\u00e7 ve gere\u00e7lerin yerine yenilerini koymak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                              \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                              F. Alt kira ve kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 devir yasa\u011f\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                              MADDE 366-<\/strong>\u00a0Kirac\u0131, kiraya verenin r\u0131zas\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n kiralanan\u0131 ba\u015fkas\u0131na kiraya veremeyece\u011fi gibi, kullan\u0131m ve i\u015fletme hakk\u0131n\u0131 da ba\u015fkas\u0131na devredemez. Ancak kirac\u0131, kiralananda bulunan baz\u0131 yerleri, kiraya veren i\u00e7in zarar do\u011furacak bir de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi gerektirmemek ko\u015fuluyla kiraya verebilir.<\/p>

                                                                              Kirac\u0131n\u0131n, ba\u015fkas\u0131yla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerine, alt kiraya ili\u015fkin kurallar, k\u0131yas yoluyla uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                              \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                              G. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona ermesi<\/h2>

                                                                              I. Sona erme sebepleri<\/h2>

                                                                              1. S\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mesi<\/h2>

                                                                              MADDE 367-\u00a0<\/strong>Belirli s\u00fcreli kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, s\u00fcrenin bitiminde kendili\u011finden sona erer.<\/p>

                                                                              Ancak, taraflar\u0131n \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc olarak s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeleri h\u00e2linde, aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a, kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi birer y\u0131l i\u00e7in yenilenmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                              Yenilenen kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yasal bildirim s\u00fcresine uyularak, her kira y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonu i\u00e7in feshedilebilir.<\/p>

                                                                              \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                              2. Fesih bildirimi<\/h2>

                                                                              MADDE 368-\u00a0<\/strong>Belirsiz s\u00fcreli s\u00f6zle\u015fmede, fesih bildirim s\u00fcresi s\u00f6zle\u015fme veya yerel \u00e2detle belirlenmemi\u015fse, en az alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k bir bildirim s\u00fcresine uyulmak ko\u015fuluyla, taraflardan her biri s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi feshedebilir.<\/p>

                                                                              Aksine bir anla\u015fma yoksa, tar\u0131msal ta\u015f\u0131nmazlara ili\u015fkin \u00fcr\u00fcn kiralar\u0131nda yerel \u00e2det\u00e7e uygulanan bahar veya g\u00fcz mevsimleri i\u00e7in; di\u011fer \u00fcr\u00fcn kiralar\u0131nda ise herhangi bir zaman i\u00e7in fesih bildirimi yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>

                                                                              \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                              3. Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc fesih<\/h2>
                                                                              1. \u00d6nemli sebepler<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                MADDE 369-<\/strong>\u00a0Taraflardan biri, kira ili\u015fkisinin devam\u0131n\u0131 kendisi i\u00e7in \u00e7ekilmez h\u00e2le getiren \u00f6nemli sebeplerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumunda, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi yasal fesih bildirim s\u00fcresine uyarak her zaman feshedebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                H\u00e2kim, durum ve ko\u015fullar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutarak, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc fesih bildiriminin parasal sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 karara ba\u011flar.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                b. Kirac\u0131n\u0131n iflas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 370-\u00a0<\/strong>Kirac\u0131n\u0131n iflas\u0131 h\u00e2linde s\u00f6zle\u015fme, iflas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda, kendili\u011finden sona erer. Ancak, kiraya veren, i\u015flemekte olan kira ve tutana\u011fa ge\u00e7irilen e\u015fya i\u00e7in yeterli g\u00fcvence verildi\u011fi takdirde, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi kira y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonuna kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                c. Kirac\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 371-\u00a0<\/strong>Kirac\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc h\u00e2linde, onun miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ve kiraya veren, alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k yasal fesih bildirim s\u00fcrelerine uymak ko\u015fuluyla, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi feshedebilirler.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                II. Sona ermenin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                1. Geri verme<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 372-\u00a0<\/strong>Kira s\u00fcresinin bitiminde kirac\u0131, kiralanan\u0131, tutana\u011fa ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f olan b\u00fct\u00fcn e\u015fyalarla birlikte ve bulunduklar\u0131 durumda geri vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                Kirac\u0131, iyi i\u015fletilme durumunda ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131labilecek olan de\u011fer eksiklikleri i\u00e7in tazminat \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                Kirac\u0131, kiralanana g\u00f6stermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu \u00f6zen \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde meydana gelen de\u011fer art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7in tazminat isteyemez.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                2. Tutana\u011fa ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f e\u015fya<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 373-\u00a0<\/strong>Kiralanan teslim edilirken tutana\u011fa ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f olan e\u015fyalara de\u011fer bi\u00e7ilmi\u015fse kirac\u0131, kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi sona erince, bunlar\u0131 \u00f6zde\u015f t\u00fcr ve de\u011ferde olmak \u00fczere geri vermekle veya de\u011fer eksikliklerini gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                Kirac\u0131, kiraya verenin kusurunu ya da m\u00fccbir sebebin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispat ederek geri vermekten veya tazminat \u00f6demekten kurtulabilir.<\/p>

                                                                                Kirac\u0131, kendisinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 masraflardan veya eme\u011finden do\u011fan de\u011fer art\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in tazminat isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                3. \u00dcr\u00fcn ve yeti\u015fme giderleri<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 374-\u00a0<\/strong>Tar\u0131msal bir ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n kirac\u0131s\u0131, kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin sona erdi\u011fi anda hen\u00fcz dev\u015firilmemi\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnler \u00fczerinde bir hak ileri s\u00fcremez.<\/p>

                                                                                Ancak kirac\u0131, \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yeti\u015fmesi i\u00e7in yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu tar\u0131m giderlerinin h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan belirlenecek miktar\u0131n\u0131, kiraya verenden tazminat olarak isteyebilir ve bu tazminat i\u015flemi\u015f kiralardan indirilir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                4. Saman, g\u00fcbre ve benzerleri<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 375-\u00a0<\/strong>Kiralanan\u0131 geri veren kirac\u0131, d\u00fczenli bir i\u015fletmenin gerektirdi\u011fi\u00a0oranda, son y\u0131l\u0131n samanlar\u0131n\u0131, hayvan\u00a0yataklar\u0131n\u0131, kuru ot ve g\u00fcbrelerini kiralananda b\u0131rakmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                Kirac\u0131, alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fundan daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131yorsa, b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 fazlal\u0131k i\u00e7in tazminat isteme hakk\u0131na sahiptir; ald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan daha az b\u0131rak\u0131yorsa, eksikleri tamamlamak veya de\u011fer eksikli\u011fini gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                H. Hayvan kiras\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                I. Konusu<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 376-<\/strong>\u00a0Tar\u0131msal bir ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n kiras\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olmayan gevi\u015f getirici hayvanlar\u0131n kiras\u0131nda, aksine anla\u015fma veya yerel \u00e2det yoksa, kiralanan hayvanlar\u0131n kira s\u00fcresi i\u00e7indeki b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcr\u00fcnleri kirac\u0131n\u0131n olur.<\/p>

                                                                                Kirac\u0131, kiralanan hayvanlar\u0131 beslemek, onlara iyi bakmak ve kiraya verene para veya hayvanlardan elde etti\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn belli bir pay\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                II. Sorumluluk<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 377-\u00a0<\/strong>Aksine anla\u015fma veya yerel \u00e2det yoksa kirac\u0131, kiralanan hayvanlar\u0131n u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir zarardan, bu zarar\u0131n, korumada dikkat ve \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi h\u00e2lde meydana gelmi\u015f oldu\u011funu ispat etmedik\u00e7e sorumludur.<\/p>

                                                                                Kirac\u0131, kendi kusuruyla sebebiyet vermedi\u011fi ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc koruma giderleri i\u00e7in kiraya verenden tazminat isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                Kirac\u0131, \u00f6nemli kazalar\u0131 ya da hastal\u0131klar\u0131 gecikmeksizin kiraya verene bildirmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                III. Fesih<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 378-\u00a0<\/strong>Aksine anla\u015fma veya yerel \u00e2det yoksa, belirsiz bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi, taraflardan her biri, diledi\u011fi zaman feshedebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                Ancak, fesih d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 ve uygun olmayan bir zamanda yap\u0131lamaz.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                BE\u015e\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                \u00d6d\u00fcn\u00e7 S\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 AYIRIM<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                Kullan\u0131m \u00d6d\u00fcnc\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                A. Tan\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 379-\u00a0<\/strong>Kullan\u0131m \u00f6d\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 verenin bir \u015feyin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alana b\u0131rakmay\u0131 ve \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alan\u0131n da o \u015feyi kulland\u0131ktan sonra geri vermeyi \u00fcstlendi\u011fi s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                                                B. H\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/h2>

                                                                                I. \u00d6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alan\u0131n kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 380-<\/strong>\u00a0\u00d6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alan, \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 konusunu ancak s\u00f6zle\u015fmede kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan \u015fekilde, s\u00f6zle\u015fmede h\u00fck\u00fcm yoksa niteli\u011fine veya \u00f6zg\u00fclendi\u011fi amaca g\u00f6re kullanabilir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00d6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alan, \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 konusunu ba\u015fkas\u0131na kulland\u0131ramaz.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00d6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alan, bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlere ayk\u0131r\u0131 davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda, beklenmedik h\u00e2llerden do\u011fan zararlardan da sorumludur. Ancak, bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlere uymu\u015f olsayd\u0131 bile zarar\u0131n do\u011faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispat ederse sorumluluktan kurtulur.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                II. Bak\u0131m ve koruma giderleri<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 381-<\/strong>\u00a0\u00d6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alan, \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 konusunun ola\u011fan bak\u0131m ve koruma giderlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00d6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alan, \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 verenin yarar\u0131na yapmak zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc giderlerin \u00f6denmesini isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                III. M\u00fcteselsil sorumluluk<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 382-<\/strong>\u00a0Bir \u015feyi birlikte \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alanlar, ondan m\u00fcteselsilen sorumlu olurlar.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                C. Sona ermesi<\/h2>

                                                                                I. Amac\u0131 belirlenmi\u015f kullanmada<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 383-\u00a0Kullanma i\u00e7in belirli bir s\u00fcre \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015fse, \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alan\u0131n, \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 konusunu s\u00f6zle\u015fme uyar\u0131nca kullanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131yla\u00a0veya kullanabilecek kadar bir zaman ge\u00e7mesiyle s\u00f6zle\u015fme sona erer.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00d6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alan, \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 konusunu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131r, onu bozar veya kullanmak i\u00e7in ba\u015fka bir kimseye verirse ya da \u00f6nceden bilinmeyen bir durum y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 verenin ivedi gereksinimi ortaya \u00e7\u0131karsa, \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 veren o \u015feyi daha \u00f6nce geri isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                II. Amac\u0131 belirlenmemi\u015f kullanmada<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 384-\u00a0<\/strong>\u00d6d\u00fcn\u00e7 konusu, kullan\u0131m s\u00fcresi ve hangi ama\u00e7la kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 belirlenmeden verilmi\u015fse, \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 veren onu diledi\u011fi zaman geri isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                III. \u00d6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 385-\u00a0<\/strong>Kullan\u0131m \u00f6d\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alan\u0131n \u00f6lmesiyle kendili\u011finden sona erer.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 AYIRIM<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                T\u00fcketim \u00d6d\u00fcnc\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                A. Tan\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 386-\u00a0<\/strong>T\u00fcketim \u00f6d\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 verenin, bir miktar paray\u0131 ya da t\u00fcketilebilen bir \u015feyi \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alana devretmeyi, \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alan\u0131n da ayn\u0131 nitelik ve miktarda \u015feyi geri vermeyi \u00fcstlendi\u011fi s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                B. H\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/h2>

                                                                                I. Faiz<\/h2>

                                                                                1. Genel olarak<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 387-\u00a0<\/strong>Ticari olmayan t\u00fcketim \u00f6d\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde, taraflarca kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmad\u0131k\u00e7a faiz istenemez.<\/p>

                                                                                Ticari t\u00fcketim \u00f6d\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde, taraflarca kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olsa bile faiz istenebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                                                2. Faize ili\u015fkin \u00f6zel kurallar<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 388-\u00a0<\/strong>T\u00fcketim \u00f6d\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde faiz oran\u0131 belirlenmemi\u015fse, kural olarak \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alma zaman\u0131nda ve yerinde o t\u00fcr \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7lerde ge\u00e7erli olan faiz oran\u0131 uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                S\u00f6zle\u015fmede aksine bir h\u00fck\u00fcm yoksa, belirlenen faiz, y\u0131ll\u0131k olarak \u00f6denir.<\/p>

                                                                                Faizin anaparaya eklenerek birlikte yeniden faiz y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamaz.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                II. Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 389-\u00a0<\/strong>\u00d6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alan\u0131n, \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 konusunun teslimine ve \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 verenin de bu \u015feyin teslim al\u0131nmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin istemleri, di\u011fer taraf\u0131n bu konuda temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fmesinden ba\u015flayarak alt\u0131 ay\u0131n ge\u00e7mesiyle zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011frar.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                III. \u00d6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alan\u0131n \u00f6deme g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 390-\u00a0<\/strong>\u00d6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alan, \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin kurulmas\u0131ndan sonra \u00f6deme g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015ferse \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 veren, \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 konusunun tesliminden ka\u00e7\u0131nabilir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00d6d\u00fcn\u00e7 veren, \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alan\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce \u00f6deme g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011funu daha sonra \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015fse, ayn\u0131 hakka sahiptir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                C. Para yerine verilen \u015feyler<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 391-\u00a0<\/strong>\u00d6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alana, s\u00f6zle\u015fmede kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan para yerine, k\u0131ymetli evrak veya ticari mallar verilirse, borcun tutar\u0131, bunlar\u0131n teslim zaman\u0131 ve yerindeki borsa ya da piyasa de\u011feri \u00fczerinden hesaplan\u0131r; aksine yap\u0131lan s\u00f6zle\u015fme ge\u00e7ersizdir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                D. Geri verme zaman\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 392-\u00a0<\/strong>\u00d6d\u00fcnc\u00fcn geri verilmesi konusunda belirli bir g\u00fcn ya da bildirim s\u00fcresi veya borcun geri istendi\u011fi anda\u00a0muaccel olaca\u011f\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa\u00a0\u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alan, ilk istemden ba\u015flayarak alt\u0131 hafta ge\u00e7medik\u00e7e \u00f6d\u00fcnc\u00fc geri vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc de\u011fildir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                ALTINCI B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                Hizmet S\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 AYIRIM<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                Genel Hizmet S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                A. Tan\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 393-\u00a0<\/strong>Hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fverene ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olarak belirli veya belirli olmayan s\u00fcreyle i\u015fg\u00f6rmeyi ve i\u015fverenin de ona zamana veya yap\u0131lan i\u015fe g\u00f6re \u00fccret \u00f6demeyi \u00fcstlendi\u011fi s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fverene bir hizmeti k\u0131smi s\u00fcreli olarak d\u00fczenli bi\u00e7imde yerine getirmeyi \u00fcstlendi\u011fi s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler de hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesidir.<\/p>

                                                                                Genel hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler, k\u0131yas yoluyla \u00e7\u0131rakl\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine de uygulan\u0131r; \u00f6zel kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                B. Kurulmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 394-<\/strong>\u00a0Hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, kanunda aksine bir h\u00fck\u00fcm olmad\u0131k\u00e7a \u00f6zel bir \u015fekle ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>

                                                                                Bir kimse, durumun gereklerine g\u00f6re ancak \u00fccret kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yap\u0131labilecek bir i\u015fi belli bir zaman i\u00e7in g\u00f6r\u00fcr ve bu i\u015f de i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilirse, aralar\u0131nda hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kurulmu\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                Ge\u00e7ersizli\u011fi sonradan anla\u015f\u0131lan hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, hizmet ili\u015fkisi ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131ncaya kadar, ge\u00e7erli bir hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u00fck\u00fcm ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011furur.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                C. \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin bor\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                I. Bizzat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma borcu<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 395-\u00a0<\/strong>S\u00f6zle\u015fmeden veya durumun gere\u011finden aksi anla\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a, i\u015f\u00e7i y\u00fcklendi\u011fi i\u015fi bizzat yapmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                II. \u00d6zen ve sadakat borcu<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 396-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0130\u015f\u00e7i, y\u00fcklendi\u011fi i\u015fi \u00f6zenle yapmak ve i\u015fverenin hakl\u0131 menfaatinin korunmas\u0131nda sadakatle davranmak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130\u015f\u00e7i, i\u015fverene ait makineleri, ara\u00e7 ve gere\u00e7leri, teknik sistemleri, tesisleri ve ta\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131 usul\u00fcne uygun olarak kullanmak ve bunlarla birlikte i\u015fin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in kendisine teslim edilmi\u015f olan malzemeye \u00f6zen g\u00f6stermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130\u015f\u00e7i, hizmet ili\u015fkisi devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcrece, sadakat borcuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak bir \u00fccret kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye hizmette bulunamaz ve \u00f6zellikle kendi i\u015fvereni ile rekabete giri\u015femez.<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130\u015f\u00e7i, i\u015f g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131rada \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi, \u00f6zellikle \u00fcretim ve i\u015f s\u0131rlar\u0131 gibi bilgileri, hizmet ili\u015fkisinin devam\u0131 s\u00fcresince kendi yarar\u0131na kullanamaz veya ba\u015fkalar\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131klayamaz. \u0130\u015fverenin hakl\u0131 menfaatinin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli oldu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde i\u015f\u00e7i, hizmet ili\u015fkisinin sona ermesinden sonra da s\u0131r saklamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                III. Teslim ve hesap verme borcu<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 397-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0130\u015f\u00e7i, \u00fcstlendi\u011fi i\u015fin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiden i\u015fveren i\u00e7in ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feyleri ve \u00f6zellikle paralar\u0131 derh\u00e2l ona teslim etmek ve bunlar hakk\u0131nda hesap vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130\u015f\u00e7i, hizmetin ifas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 elde etti\u011fi \u015feyleri de derh\u00e2l i\u015fverene teslim etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                IV. Fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma borcu<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 398-\u00a0<\/strong>Fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, ilgili kanunlarda\u00a0<\/strong>belirlenen normal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinin \u00fczerinde ve i\u015f\u00e7inin r\u0131zas\u0131yla yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131r. Ancak, normal s\u00fcreden daha fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 gerektiren bir i\u015fin yerine getirilmesi zorunlulu\u011fu do\u011far, i\u015f\u00e7i bunu yapabilecek durumda bulunur ve ayn\u0131 zamanda ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131 da d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olursa i\u015f\u00e7i, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilmek ko\u015fuluyla, fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 yerine getirmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00d6zel kanunlardaki h\u00fck\u00fcmler sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                V. D\u00fczenlemelere ve talimata uyma borcu<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 399-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0130\u015fveren, i\u015fin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi ve i\u015f\u00e7ilerin i\u015fyerindeki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla ilgili genel d\u00fczenlemeler yapabilir ve onlara \u00f6zel talimat verebilir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler, bunlara d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131n\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde uymak zorundad\u0131rlar.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                VI. \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin sorumlulu\u011fu<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 400-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0130\u015f\u00e7i, i\u015fverene kusuruyla verdi\u011fi her t\u00fcrl\u00fc zarardan sorumludur.<\/p>

                                                                                Bu sorumlulu\u011fun belirlenmesinde; i\u015fin tehlikeli olup olmamas\u0131, uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve e\u011fitimi gerektirip gerektirmemesi ile i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan bilinen veya bilinmesi gereken yetenek ve nitelikleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulur.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                                                D. \u0130\u015fverenin bor\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                I. \u00dccret \u00f6deme borcu<\/h2>

                                                                                1. \u00dccret<\/h2>

                                                                                a. Genel olarak<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 401-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0130\u015fveren, i\u015f\u00e7iye s\u00f6zle\u015fmede veya toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde belirlenen; s\u00f6zle\u015fmede h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmayan h\u00e2llerde ise, asgari \u00fccretten az olmamak \u00fczere emsal \u00fccreti \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                b. Fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00fccreti<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 402-<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130\u015fveren, fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in i\u015f\u00e7iye normal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00fccretini en az y\u00fczde elli fazlas\u0131yla \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130\u015fveren, i\u015f\u00e7inin r\u0131zas\u0131yla fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00fccreti yerine, uygun bir zamanda fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayla orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak izin verebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                c. \u0130\u015fin sonucundan pay alma<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 403-<\/strong>\u00a0S\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle i\u015f\u00e7iye \u00fccretle birlikte \u00fcretilenden, cirodan veya k\u00e2rdan belli bir pay verilmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, hesap d\u00f6nemi sonunda bu pay, yasal h\u00fck\u00fcmler veya genellikle kabul edilmi\u015f ticari esaslar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutularak belirlenir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130\u015f\u00e7iye belli bir pay verilmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan h\u00e2llerde, pay\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131nda uyu\u015fulamazsa i\u015fveren, i\u015f\u00e7iye veya onun yerine, birlikte kararla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 ya da h\u00e2kimin atad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilirki\u015fiye bilgi vermek ve bilginin dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan i\u015fletmeyle ilgili defter ve belgeleri incelemesine sunmak; k\u00e2rdan bir pay verilmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, i\u015fveren i\u015f\u00e7iye, istemi \u00fczerine ayr\u0131ca y\u0131l sonu k\u00e2r zarar cetvelini vermek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                d. Arac\u0131l\u0131k \u00fccreti<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 404-<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130\u015f\u00e7iye belli i\u015flerde arac\u0131l\u0131k yapmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u015fverence bir \u00fccret \u00f6denece\u011fi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, arac\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131lan i\u015flemin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi ile ge\u00e7erli olarak kurulmas\u0131yla i\u015f\u00e7inin istem hakk\u0131 do\u011far.<\/p>

                                                                                Bor\u00e7lar\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131m k\u0131s\u0131m ifa edilece\u011fi s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler ile sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde, her k\u0131sma ili\u015fkin \u00fccret isteminin bu k\u0131sma ili\u015fkin borcun muaccel olmas\u0131yla veya yerine getirilmesiyle do\u011faca\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 suretiyle i\u015fveren ile \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi aras\u0131nda kurulan s\u00f6zle\u015fme, i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan kusuru olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ifa edilmezse veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 yerine getirmezse, \u00fccret istemine y\u00f6nelik hak sona erer. Sadece k\u0131smi ifa h\u00e2linde, \u00fccretten orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak indirim yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                S\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle i\u015f\u00e7iye, kendisine \u00f6denecek arac\u0131l\u0131k \u00fccretinin hesab\u0131n\u0131 tutma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc getirilmemi\u015fse, i\u015fveren i\u015f\u00e7iye \u00fccretin muaccel oldu\u011fu her d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in, bu \u00fccrete tabi i\u015flemleri de i\u00e7eren yaz\u0131l\u0131 hesap vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                Hesab\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irme ihtiyac\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karsa i\u015fveren, i\u015f\u00e7iye veya onun yerine, birlikte kararla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 ya da h\u00e2kimin atad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilirki\u015fiye bilgi vermek ve bilginin dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan i\u015fletmeyle ilgili defter ve belgeleri onun incelemesine sunmak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                e. \u0130kramiye<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 405-<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130\u015fveren, bayram, y\u0131lba\u015f\u0131 ve do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fc gibi belirli g\u00fcnler dolay\u0131s\u0131yla i\u015f\u00e7ilerine \u00f6zel ikramiye verebilir. Ancak, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ikramiyeyi istem haklar\u0131 bu konuda anla\u015fman\u0131n veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n ya da i\u015fverenin tek tarafl\u0131 taahh\u00fcd\u00fcn\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2linde do\u011far.<\/p>

                                                                                Hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ikramiyenin verildi\u011fi d\u00f6nemden \u00f6nce sona ermi\u015fse, ikramiyenin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcreye yans\u0131yan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00f6denir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                                                2. \u00dccretin \u00f6denmesi<\/h2>

                                                                                a. \u00d6deme s\u00fcresi<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 406-<\/strong>\u00a0Aksine \u00e2det olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, i\u015f\u00e7iye \u00fccreti her ay\u0131n sonunda \u00f6denir. Ancak, hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi veya toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesiyle daha k\u0131sa \u00f6deme s\u00fcreleri belirlenebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                Daha k\u0131sa bir \u00f6deme s\u00fcresi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa veya aksine \u00e2det yoksa, arac\u0131l\u0131k \u00fccreti her ay\u0131n sonunda \u00f6denir. Ancak, i\u015flemlerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 alt\u0131 aydan daha uzun bir s\u00fcre gerektirdi\u011fi takdirde, arac\u0131l\u0131k \u00fccreti as\u0131l \u00fccrete ek olarak kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, yaz\u0131l\u0131 anla\u015fmayla \u00f6deme daha ileri bir tarihe b\u0131rak\u0131labilir.<\/p>

                                                                                As\u0131l \u00fccrete ek olarak \u00fcretilenden pay verilmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen h\u00e2llerde, \u00fcr\u00fcn pay\u0131 belirlenir belirlenmez, cirodan veya k\u00e2rdan pay verilmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan h\u00e2llerde ise pay\u0131n, hesap d\u00f6nemini izleyen en ge\u00e7 \u00fc\u00e7 ay i\u00e7inde belirlenerek \u00f6denmesi \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130\u015fveren, i\u015f\u00e7iye zorunlu ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde ve hakkaniyet gere\u011fi \u00f6deyebilecek durumda ise, hizmetiyle orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak avans vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                b. \u00dccretin korunmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 407-\u00a0<\/strong>\u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00fccret, prim, ikramiye ve bu nitelikteki her \u00e7e\u015fit istihkaktan o ay i\u00e7inde \u00f6denenlerin \u00f6zel olarak a\u00e7\u0131lan banka hesab\u0131na yat\u0131r\u0131lmak suretiyle \u00f6denmesi hususunda; tabi oldu\u011fu vergi m\u00fckellefiyeti t\u00fcr\u00fc, i\u015fletme b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131, i\u015fyerinin bulundu\u011fu il ve benzeri unsurlar\u0131 dikkate alarak i\u015f sahiplerini zorunlu tutmaya, banka hesab\u0131na yat\u0131r\u0131lacak \u00fccret, prim, ikramiye ve bu nitelikteki her \u00e7e\u015fit istihkak\u0131n, br\u00fct ya da kanuni kesintiler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra kalan net miktar \u00fczerinden olup olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemeye Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yetkilidir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00fccret, prim, ikramiye ve bu nitelikteki her \u00e7e\u015fit istihkak\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zel olarak a\u00e7\u0131lan banka hesaplar\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla \u00f6deme zorunlulu\u011funa tab\u00ee tutulan i\u015f sahipleri, i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin \u00fccret, prim, ikramiye ve bu nitelikteki her \u00e7e\u015fit istihkak\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zel olarak a\u00e7\u0131lan banka hesaplar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6deyemezler. Her \u00f6deme d\u00f6neminde, i\u015f\u00e7iye hesap pusulas\u0131 verilir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00fccret, prim, ikramiye ve bu nitelikteki her \u00e7e\u015fit istihkaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel olarak a\u00e7\u0131lan banka hesab\u0131na yat\u0131r\u0131lmak suretiyle \u00f6denmesine ili\u015fkin di\u011fer \u00fbsul ve esaslar, an\u0131lan bakanl\u0131klarca m\u00fc\u015ftereken \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak y\u00f6netmelikle d\u00fczenlenir.<\/a>[5]<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130\u015fveren, i\u015f\u00e7iden olan alaca\u011f\u0131 ile \u00fccret borcunu i\u015f\u00e7inin r\u0131zas\u0131 olmad\u0131k\u00e7a takas edemez.\u00a0<\/strong>Ancak, i\u015f\u00e7inin kasten sebebiyet verdi\u011fi yarg\u0131 karar\u0131yla sabit bir zarardan do\u011fan alacaklar, \u00fccretin haczedilebilir k\u0131sm\u0131 kadar takas edilebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00dccretin i\u015fveren lehine kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin anla\u015fmalar ge\u00e7ersizdir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                3. \u0130\u015fg\u00f6rme ediminin ifas\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesi h\u00e2linde \u00fccret<\/h2>

                                                                                a. \u0130\u015fverenin temerr\u00fcd\u00fc h\u00e2linde<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 408-<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130\u015fveren, i\u015fg\u00f6rme ediminin yerine getirilmesini kusuruyla engellerse veya edimi kabulde temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015ferse, i\u015f\u00e7iye \u00fccretini \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olup, i\u015f\u00e7iden bu edimini daha sonra yerine getirmesini isteyemez. Ancak, i\u015f\u00e7inin bu\u00a0engelleme sebebiyle yapmaktan kurtuldu\u011fu giderler ile ba\u015fka bir i\u015f yaparak kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya kazanmaktan bilerek ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yararlar \u00fccretinden indirilir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                                                b. \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 durdurmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 409-\u00a0<\/strong>Uzun s\u00fcreli bir hizmet ili\u015fkisinde i\u015f\u00e7i, hastal\u0131k, askerlik veya kanundan do\u011fan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve benzeri sebeplerle kusuru olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, i\u015f g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00fcreye oranla k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in i\u015fg\u00f6rme edimini ifa edemezse i\u015fveren, ba\u015fka bir yolla kar\u015f\u0131lanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, o s\u00fcre i\u00e7in i\u015f\u00e7iye hakkaniyete uygun bir \u00fccret \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                4. \u00dccret alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n haczi, devri ve rehnedilmesi<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 410-<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00fccretinin d\u00f6rtte birinden fazlas\u0131 haczedilemez,\u00a0ba\u015fkas\u0131na devredilemez ve rehnedilemez. Ancak, i\u015f\u00e7inin bakmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu aile bireyleri i\u00e7in h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan takdir edilecek miktar, bu orana d\u00e2hil de\u011fildir. Nafaka alacakl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                Gelecekteki \u00fccret alacaklar\u0131n\u0131n devredilmesi veya rehnedilmesi ge\u00e7ersizdir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                5. Par\u00e7a ba\u015f\u0131na veya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc i\u015f<\/h2>

                                                                                a. \u0130\u015f verme<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 411-<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130\u015f\u00e7i, s\u00f6zle\u015fme gere\u011fince yaln\u0131z bir i\u015fveren i\u00e7in sadece par\u00e7a ba\u015f\u0131na veya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc i\u015f yapmay\u0131 \u00fcstlenmi\u015fse i\u015fveren, ona yeterli i\u015f vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130\u015fveren, kendi kusuru olmaks\u0131z\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmede \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen par\u00e7a ba\u015f\u0131na veya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc i\u015f sa\u011flayamayacak durumda bulundu\u011fu veya i\u015fletme ko\u015fullar\u0131 ge\u00e7ici olarak gerektirdi\u011fi takdirde i\u015f\u00e7iye, \u00fccreti zaman esas\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00f6der. Bu durumda, zamana g\u00f6re \u00f6denecek \u00fccret, anla\u015fmada veya hizmet ya da toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde belirlenmemi\u015fse i\u015fveren, i\u015f\u00e7iye par\u00e7a ba\u015f\u0131na veya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc olarak daha \u00f6nce ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortalama \u00fccrete e\u015fde\u011fer bir \u00fccret \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                Par\u00e7a ba\u015f\u0131na veya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc ya da zamana g\u00f6re i\u015f sa\u011flayamayan i\u015fveren, en az\u0131ndan i\u015fg\u00f6rme edimini kabulde temerr\u00fct h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca zamana g\u00f6re i\u015fg\u00f6rmede \u00f6deyece\u011fi \u00fccreti \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                b. Birim \u00fccreti<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 412-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0130\u015f\u00e7i, s\u00f6zle\u015fme gere\u011fince par\u00e7a ba\u015f\u0131na veya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 \u00fcstlendi\u011fi takdirde i\u015fveren, her i\u015fin ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce ona \u00f6denecek birim \u00fccretini bildirmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                Bu bildirimi yapmayan i\u015fveren, ayn\u0131 veya benzer bir i\u015f i\u00e7in belirlenmi\u015f olan birim \u00fccretini \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                II. \u0130\u015f ara\u00e7 ve malzemeleri<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 413-<\/strong>\u00a0Aksine anla\u015fma veya yerel \u00e2det yoksa, i\u015fveren i\u015f\u00e7iye bu i\u015f i\u00e7in gerekli ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ve malzemeyi sa\u011flamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130\u015f\u00e7i i\u015fverenle anla\u015farak kendi ara\u00e7 veya malzemesini i\u015fin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesine \u00f6zg\u00fclerse, aksi anla\u015fmada kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a veya yerel \u00e2det bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a i\u015fveren, bunun i\u00e7in i\u015f\u00e7iye uygun bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                III. Giderler<\/h2>

                                                                                1. Genel olarak<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 414-<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130\u015fveren, i\u015fin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesinin gerektirdi\u011fi her t\u00fcrl\u00fc harcama ile i\u015f\u00e7iyi i\u015fyeri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, ge\u00e7imi i\u00e7in zorunlu olan harcamalar\u0131 da \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                Yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir hizmet veya toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde, bizzat i\u015f\u00e7i taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan harcamalar\u0131n, i\u015f\u00e7iye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc bi\u00e7imde g\u00fcnl\u00fck, haftal\u0131k veya ayl\u0131k olarak \u00f6denmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Ancak bu \u00f6deme, zorunlu harcamalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layacak miktardan az olamaz.<\/p>

                                                                                Zorunlu harcamalar\u0131n k\u0131smen veya tamamen i\u015f\u00e7i taraf\u0131ndan bizzat kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin anla\u015fmalar ge\u00e7ersizdir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                2. Ta\u015f\u0131ma ara\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 415-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0130\u015f\u00e7i, i\u015fin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in i\u015fverenle anla\u015farak i\u015fverenin veya kendisinin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ta\u015f\u0131ma arac\u0131 kullan\u0131yorsa, ta\u015f\u0131t\u0131n i\u015fletilmesi ve bak\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli ola\u011fan giderler, hizmet i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde i\u015fverence kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130\u015f\u00e7i i\u015fverenle anla\u015farak, i\u015fin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesinde kendi motorlu arac\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131yorsa, i\u015fveren ayr\u0131ca bu ara\u00e7la ilgili vergiyi, zorunlu mali sorumluluk sigortas\u0131 primini ve arac\u0131n y\u0131pranmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda uygun bir tazminat\u0131 hizmet i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde i\u015f\u00e7iye \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130\u015f\u00e7i i\u015fverenle anla\u015farak, hizmetin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesinde kendisine ait di\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131ma ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ve hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131yorsa i\u015fveren, bunlar\u0131n kullanma ve bak\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan ola\u011fan giderleri hizmet i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kar\u015f\u0131lamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                3. Giderlerin \u00f6denmesi<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 416-<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130\u015f\u00e7inin yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu giderlerden do\u011fan alaca\u011f\u0131, daha k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa veya yerel \u00e2det yoksa,\u00a0<\/strong>her defas\u0131nda \u00fccretle birlikte \u00f6denir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130\u015f\u00e7i, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 yerine getirmek i\u00e7in d\u00fczenli olarak masraf yap\u0131yorsa, kendisine en az ayda bir olmak \u00fczere belirli aral\u0131klarla uygun bir avans verilir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                IV. \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin ki\u015fili\u011finin korunmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                1. Genel olarak<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 417-<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130\u015fveren, hizmet ili\u015fkisinde i\u015f\u00e7inin ki\u015fili\u011fini korumak ve sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermek ve i\u015fyerinde d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck ilkelerine uygun bir d\u00fczeni sa\u011flamakla, \u00f6zellikle i\u015f\u00e7ilerin psikolojik ve cinsel tacize u\u011framamalar\u0131 ve bu t\u00fcr tacizlere u\u011fram\u0131\u015f olanlar\u0131n daha fazla zarar g\u00f6rmemeleri i\u00e7in gerekli \u00f6nlemleri almakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130\u015fveren, i\u015fyerinde i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00f6nlemi almak, ara\u00e7 ve gere\u00e7leri noksans\u0131z bulundurmak; i\u015f\u00e7iler de i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi konusunda al\u0131nan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00f6nleme uymakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130\u015fverenin yukar\u0131daki h\u00fck\u00fcmler d\u00e2hil, kanuna ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, v\u00fccut b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn zedelenmesi veya ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlaline ba\u011fl\u0131 zararlar\u0131n tazmini, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131ktan do\u011fan sorumluluk h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine tabidir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                2. Ev d\u00fczeni i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 418-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0130\u015f\u00e7i i\u015fverenle birlikte ev d\u00fczeni i\u00e7inde ya\u015f\u0131yorsa i\u015fveren, yeterli g\u0131da ve uygun bir bar\u0131nak sa\u011flamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130\u015f\u00e7i, kusuru olmaks\u0131z\u0131n hastal\u0131k veya kaza gibi sebeplerle i\u015fg\u00f6rme edimini yerine getiremezse i\u015fveren, sosyal sigortalar yard\u0131mlar\u0131ndan yararlanamayan, bir y\u0131la kadar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f i\u015f\u00e7inin bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve tedavisini, iki hafta s\u00fcreyle sa\u011flamak zorundad\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin bir y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fan her hizmet y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00f6z konusu s\u00fcre, d\u00f6rt haftay\u0131 a\u015fmamak \u00fczere iki\u015fer g\u00fcn art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130\u015fveren, i\u015f\u00e7inin gebeli\u011finde ve do\u011fum yapmas\u0131 durumunda da ayn\u0131 edimleri yerine getirmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                3. Ki\u015fisel verilerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 419-<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130\u015fveren, i\u015f\u00e7iye ait ki\u015fisel verileri, ancak i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fe yatk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ilgili veya hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin ifas\u0131 i\u00e7in zorunlu oldu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kullanabilir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00d6zel kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                                                V. Ceza ko\u015fulu ve ibra<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 420-\u00a0<\/strong>Hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerine sadece i\u015f\u00e7i aleyhine konulan ceza ko\u015fulu ge\u00e7ersizdir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fverenden alaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131, ibra tarihi itibar\u0131yla s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona ermesinden ba\u015flayarak en az bir ayl\u0131k s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f bulunmas\u0131, ibra konusu alaca\u011f\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ve miktar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmesi, \u00f6demenin hak tutar\u0131na nazaran noksans\u0131z ve banka arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. Bu unsurlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mayan ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri veya ibraname kesin olarak h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                Hakk\u0131n ger\u00e7ek tutarda \u00f6dendi\u011fini ihtiva etmeyen ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri veya ibra beyan\u0131n\u0131 muhtevi di\u011fer \u00f6deme belgeleri, i\u00e7erdikleri miktarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak makbuz h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir. Bu h\u00e2lde dahi, \u00f6demelerin banka arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 zorunludur.<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130kinci ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kra h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, destekten yoksun kalanlar ile i\u015f\u00e7inin di\u011fer yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n isteyebilecekleri d\u00e2hil, hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden do\u011fan b\u00fct\u00fcn tazminat alacaklar\u0131na da uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                VI. Tatil ve izinler<\/h2>

                                                                                1. Hafta tatili ve i\u015f arama izni<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 421-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0130\u015fveren, i\u015f\u00e7iye her hafta, kural olarak pazar g\u00fcn\u00fc veya durum ve ko\u015fullar buna imk\u00e2n vermezse, bir tam \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcn\u00fc tatil vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130\u015fveren, belirsiz s\u00fcreli hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin feshi h\u00e2linde, bildirim s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde i\u015f\u00e7iye \u00fccretinde bir kesinti olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, g\u00fcnde iki saat i\u015f arama izni vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130zin saatlerinin ve g\u00fcnlerinin belirlenmesinde, i\u015fyerinin ve i\u015f\u00e7inin hakl\u0131 menfaatleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulur.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                2. Y\u0131ll\u0131k izin<\/h2>

                                                                                a. S\u00fcresi<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 422-<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130\u015fveren, en az bir y\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan i\u015f\u00e7ilere y\u0131lda en az iki hafta ve onsekiz ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015f\u00e7iler ile elli ya\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015f\u00e7ilere de en az \u00fc\u00e7 hafta \u00fccretli y\u0131ll\u0131k izin vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                b. \u0130ndirimi<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 423-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0130\u015f\u00e7i, bir hizmet y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7inde kendi kusuruyla toplam bir aydan daha uzun bir s\u00fcreyle hizmeti yerine getirmedi\u011fi takdirde i\u015fveren, \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmayan her tam ay i\u00e7in, y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00fccretli izin s\u00fcresinden bir g\u00fcn indirim yapabilir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130\u015f\u00e7i, bir hizmet y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7inde kendi kusuru olmaks\u0131z\u0131n hastal\u0131k, kaza, yasal bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn veya kamu g\u00f6revinin yerine getirilmesi gibi ki\u015fili\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 sebeplerle en \u00e7ok \u00fc\u00e7 ay s\u00fcreyle i\u015fg\u00f6rme edimini yerine getiremedi\u011fi takdirde, i\u015fveren y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00fccretli izin s\u00fcresinden indirim yapamaz.<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130\u015fveren, gebelik ve do\u011fum yapma sebebiyle i\u015fg\u00f6rme edimini en \u00e7ok \u00fc\u00e7 ay s\u00fcreyle yerine getiremeyen kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7inin y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00fccretli izin s\u00fcresinden indirim yapamaz.<\/p>

                                                                                Hizmet veya toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleriyle, i\u015f\u00e7inin aleyhine h\u00fck\u00fcm do\u011furacak \u015fekilde, ikinci ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kra h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lamaz.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                c. Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 424-<\/strong>\u00a0Y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00fccretli izinler, kural olarak aral\u0131ks\u0131z bi\u00e7imde verilir; ancak taraflar\u0131n anla\u015fmas\u0131yla ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnerek de kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130\u015fveren, y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00fccretli izin tarihlerini, i\u015fyerinin veya ev d\u00fczeninin menfaatleriyle ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde, i\u015f\u00e7inin isteklerini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutarak belirler.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                                                d. \u00dccreti<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 425-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0130\u015fveren, y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00fccretli iznini kullanan her i\u015f\u00e7iye, y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00fccretli izin s\u00fcresine ili\u015fkin \u00fccretini, ilgili i\u015f\u00e7inin izne ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce pe\u015fin olarak \u00f6demek veya avans olarak vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0\u0130\u015f\u00e7i, hizmet ili\u015fkisi devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcrece, i\u015fverenden alaca\u011f\u0131 para ve ba\u015fka menfaatler kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00fccretli izin hakk\u0131ndan feragat edemez.<\/p>

                                                                                Hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin herhangi bir sebeple sona ermesi h\u00e2linde, i\u015f\u00e7inin hak kazan\u0131p da kullanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131ll\u0131k izin s\u00fcrelerine ait \u00fccreti, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona erdi\u011fi tarihteki \u00fccreti \u00fczerinden kendisine veya hak sahiplerine \u00f6denir. Bu \u00fccrete ili\u015fkin zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131, hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin sona erdi\u011fi tarihte i\u015flemeye ba\u015flar.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                VII. Hizmet belgesi<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 426-<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130\u015fveren, i\u015f\u00e7inin iste\u011fi \u00fczerine her zaman, i\u015fin t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc\u00a0<\/strong>ve s\u00fcresini i\u00e7eren bir hizmet belgesi vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a istemde bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, hizmet belgesinde onun i\u015fg\u00f6rmedeki becerisi ile tutum ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 da belirtilir.<\/p>

                                                                                Hizmet belgesinin zaman\u0131nda verilmemesinden veya belgede do\u011fru olmayan bilgiler bulunmas\u0131ndan zarar g\u00f6ren i\u015f\u00e7i veya i\u015f\u00e7iyi i\u015fe alan yeni i\u015fveren, eski i\u015fverenden tazminat isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                E. S\u0131na\u00ee ve fikr\u00ee m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 427-\u00a0<\/strong>Hizmet bulu\u015flar\u0131 \u00fczerinde i\u015f\u00e7inin ve i\u015fverenin haklar\u0131, bunlar\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 ile di\u011fer s\u0131na\u00ee ve fikr\u00ee m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131 konusunda \u00f6zel kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                F. Hizmet ili\u015fkisinin devri<\/h2>

                                                                                I. \u0130\u015fyerinin tamam\u0131n\u0131n veya bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn devri<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 428<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130\u015fyerinin tamam\u0131 veya bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc hukuki bir i\u015flemle ba\u015fkas\u0131na devredildi\u011finde, devir tarihinde i\u015fyerinde veya bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde mevcut olan hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri, b\u00fct\u00fcn hak ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131 ile birlikte devralana ge\u00e7er.<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin hizmet s\u00fcresine ba\u011fl\u0131 haklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, onun devreden i\u015fveren yan\u0131nda i\u015fe ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih esas al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                Yukar\u0131daki h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re devir h\u00e2linde, devirden \u00f6nce do\u011fmu\u015f olan ve devir tarihinde \u00f6denmesi gereken bor\u00e7lardan, devreden ve devralan i\u015fveren m\u00fcteselsilen sorumludurlar. Ancak, devreden i\u015fverenin bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerden do\u011fan sorumlulu\u011fu, devir tarihinden itibaren iki y\u0131l ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                II. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin devri<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 429-\u00a0<\/strong>Hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, ancak i\u015f\u00e7inin yaz\u0131l\u0131 r\u0131zas\u0131 al\u0131nmak suretiyle, s\u00fcrekli olarak ba\u015fka bir i\u015fverene devredilebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                Devir i\u015flemiyle, devralan, b\u00fct\u00fcn hak ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131 ile birlikte, hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin i\u015fveren taraf\u0131 olur. Bu durumda, i\u015f\u00e7inin, hizmet s\u00fcresine ba\u011fl\u0131 haklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, devreden i\u015fveren yan\u0131nda i\u015fe ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih esas al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                G. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona ermesi<\/h2>

                                                                                I. Belirli s\u00fcreli s\u00f6zle\u015fmede<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 430-<\/strong>\u00a0Belirli s\u00fcreli hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi,\u00a0<\/strong>aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a, fesih bildiriminde bulunulmas\u0131na gerek olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, s\u00fcrenin bitiminde kendili\u011finden sona erer.<\/p>

                                                                                Belirli s\u00fcreli s\u00f6zle\u015fme, s\u00fcresinin bitiminden sonra \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyorsa, belirsiz s\u00fcreli s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Ancak, esasl\u0131 bir sebebin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2linde, \u00fcst \u00fcste belirli s\u00fcreli hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kurulabilir.<\/p>

                                                                                Taraflardan her biri, on y\u0131ldan uzun s\u00fcreli hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini on y\u0131l ge\u00e7tikten sonra, alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k fesih bildirim s\u00fcresine uyarak feshedebilir. Fesih, ancak bu s\u00fcreyi izleyen ayba\u015f\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade eder.<\/p>

                                                                                S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin fesih bildirimiyle sona erece\u011fi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve iki taraf da fesih bildiriminde bulunmam\u0131\u015fsa, s\u00f6zle\u015fme belirsiz s\u00fcreli s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                II. Belirsiz s\u00fcreli s\u00f6zle\u015fmede<\/h2>

                                                                                1. Genel olarak fesih hakk\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 431-<\/strong>\u00a0Taraflardan her birinin, belirsiz s\u00fcreli s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi fesih s\u00fcrelerine uyarak feshetme hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                2. Fesih bildirim s\u00fcresi<\/h2>

                                                                                a. Genel olarak<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 432-<\/strong>\u00a0Belirsiz s\u00fcreli hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin feshinden \u00f6nce, durumun di\u011fer tarafa bildirilmesi gerekir.<\/p>

                                                                                Hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi; bildirimin di\u011fer tarafa ula\u015fmas\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak, hizmet s\u00fcresi bir y\u0131la kadar s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olan i\u015f\u00e7i i\u00e7in iki hafta sonra; bir y\u0131ldan be\u015f y\u0131la kadar s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f i\u015f\u00e7i i\u00e7in d\u00f6rt hafta ve be\u015f y\u0131ldan fazla s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f i\u015f\u00e7i i\u00e7in alt\u0131 hafta sonra sona erer.<\/p>

                                                                                Bu s\u00fcreler k\u0131salt\u0131lamaz; ancak s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle art\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130\u015fveren, fesih bildirim s\u00fcresine ait \u00fccreti pe\u015fin vermek suretiyle hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini feshedebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                Fesih bildirim s\u00fcrelerinin, her iki taraf i\u00e7in de ayn\u0131 olmas\u0131 zorunludur; s\u00f6zle\u015fmede farkl\u0131 s\u00fcreler \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fse, her iki tarafa da en uzun olan fesih bildirim s\u00fcresi uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                Hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin ask\u0131ya al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2llerde fesih bildirim s\u00fcreleri i\u015flemez.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                b. Deneme s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 433-<\/strong>\u00a0Taraflar, hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine iki ay\u0131 a\u015fmamak ko\u015fuluyla deneme s\u00fcresi koyabilirler. Deneme s\u00fcresi konulmu\u015fsa taraflar, bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde fesih s\u00fcresine uymak zorunda olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini tazminats\u0131z feshedebilirler.<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnler i\u00e7in \u00fccret ve di\u011fer haklar\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                III. Feshe kar\u015f\u0131 koruma<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 434-\u00a0<\/strong>Hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin fesih hakk\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131larak sona erdirildi\u011fi durumlarda i\u015fveren, i\u015f\u00e7iye fesih bildirim s\u00fcresine ait \u00fccretin\u00a0<\/strong>\u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131 tutar\u0131nda tazminat \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                IV. Derh\u00e2l fesih<\/h2>

                                                                                1. Ko\u015fullar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                a. Hakl\u0131 sebepler<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 435-<\/strong>\u00a0Taraflardan her biri, hakl\u0131 sebeplerle s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi derh\u00e2l feshedebilir. S\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi fesheden taraf, fesih sebebini yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak bildirmek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                S\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi fesheden taraftan, d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131na g\u00f6re hizmet ili\u015fkisini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi beklenemeyen b\u00fct\u00fcn durum ve ko\u015fullar, hakl\u0131 sebep say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                                                b. \u0130\u015fverenin \u00f6deme g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015fmesi<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 436-<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130\u015fverenin \u00f6deme g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015fmesi h\u00e2linde i\u015f\u00e7i, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan haklar\u0131 uygun bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcvenceye ba\u011flanmazsa, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi derh\u00e2l feshedebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                2. Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                a. Hakl\u0131 sebeple fesihte<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 437-<\/strong>\u00a0Hakl\u0131 fesih sebepleri, taraflardan birinin s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye uymamas\u0131ndan do\u011fmu\u015fsa o taraf, sebep oldu\u011fu zarar\u0131, hizmet ili\u015fkisine dayanan b\u00fct\u00fcn haklar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutularak, tamamen gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                Di\u011fer durumlarda h\u00e2kim, b\u00fct\u00fcn durum ve ko\u015fullar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutarak hakl\u0131 sebeple feshin maddi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 serbest\u00e7e de\u011ferlendirir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                b. Hakl\u0131 sebebe dayanmayan fesihte<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 438-<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130\u015fveren, hakl\u0131 sebep olmaks\u0131z\u0131n hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini derh\u00e2l feshederse i\u015f\u00e7i, belirsiz s\u00fcreli s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde, fesih bildirim s\u00fcresine; belirli s\u00fcreli s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde ise, s\u00f6zle\u015fme s\u00fcresine uyulmamas\u0131 durumunda, bu s\u00fcrelere uyulmu\u015f olsayd\u0131 kazanabilece\u011fi miktar\u0131, tazminat olarak isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                Belirli s\u00fcreli hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde i\u015f\u00e7inin hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin sona ermesi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden tasarruf etti\u011fi miktar ile ba\u015fka bir i\u015ften elde etti\u011fi veya bilerek elde etmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gelir, tazminattan indirilir.<\/p>

                                                                                H\u00e2kim, b\u00fct\u00fcn durum ve ko\u015fullar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutarak, ayr\u0131ca miktar\u0131n\u0131 serbest\u00e7e belirleyece\u011fi bir tazminat\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iye \u00f6denmesine karar verebilir; ancak belirlenecek tazminat miktar\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7inin alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k \u00fccretinden fazla olamaz.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                c. \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin haks\u0131z olarak i\u015fe ba\u015flamamas\u0131 veya i\u015fi b\u0131rakmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 439-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0130\u015f\u00e7i, hakl\u0131 sebep olmaks\u0131z\u0131n i\u015fe ba\u015flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya aniden i\u015fi b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde i\u015fveren, ayl\u0131k \u00fccretin d\u00f6rtte birine e\u015fit bir tazminat isteme hakk\u0131na sahiptir. \u0130\u015fverenin, ayr\u0131ca ek zararlar\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesini isteme hakk\u0131 da vard\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130\u015fveren zarara u\u011framam\u0131\u015fsa veya u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarar i\u015f\u00e7inin ayl\u0131k \u00fccretinin d\u00f6rtte birinden az ise, h\u00e2kim tazminat\u0131 indirebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                Tazminat isteme hakk\u0131 takas yoluyla sona ermemi\u015fse i\u015fveren, i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fe ba\u015flamamas\u0131ndan veya i\u015fi b\u0131rakmas\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak otuz g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde, dava veya takip yoluyla bu hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak zorundad\u0131r. Aksi takdirde, tazminat isteme hakk\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                V. \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin veya i\u015fverenin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc<\/h2>

                                                                                1. \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 440-<\/strong>\u00a0S\u00f6zle\u015fme, i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle kendili\u011finden sona erer. \u0130\u015fveren, i\u015f\u00e7inin sa\u011f kalan e\u015fine ve ergin olmayan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na, yoksa bakmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu ki\u015filere, \u00f6l\u00fcm g\u00fcn\u00fcnden ba\u015flayarak bir ayl\u0131k; hizmet ili\u015fkisi be\u015f y\u0131ldan uzun bir s\u00fcre devam etmi\u015fse, iki ayl\u0131k \u00fccret tutar\u0131nda bir \u00f6deme yapmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                2. \u0130\u015fverenin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 441-<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130\u015fverenin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc h\u00e2linde, yerini miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 al\u0131r. Bu durumda i\u015fyerinin tamam\u0131n\u0131n veya bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn devri ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen hizmet ili\u015fkisinin devrine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler k\u0131yas yoluyla uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                Hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak i\u015fverenin ki\u015fili\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nmak suretiyle kurulmu\u015fsa, onun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle kendili\u011finden sona erer. Ancak, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin s\u00fcresinden \u00f6nce sona ermesi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarar i\u00e7in, miras\u00e7\u0131lardan hakkaniyete uygun bir tazminat isteminde bulunabilir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                VI. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona ermesinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                1. Bor\u00e7lar\u0131n muaccel olmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 442-\u00a0<\/strong>S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona ermesiyle, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan b\u00fct\u00fcn bor\u00e7lar muaccel olur.<\/p>

                                                                                Muacceliyet an\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7inin arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 suretiyle kurulan hukuki ili\u015fkilerde \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015finin \u00fcstlendi\u011fi bor\u00e7, hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin sona ermesinden sonra tamamen veya k\u0131smen ifa edilecekse alt\u0131 aya; d\u00f6nemsel edimler i\u00e7eren ili\u015fkilerde bir y\u0131la; sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde veya ifas\u0131 alt\u0131 aydan uzun bir s\u00fcreye yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan i\u015flerde ise iki y\u0131la kadar, yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir anla\u015fmayla ertelenebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00dcretilenden pay verilmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen h\u00e2llerde \u00fcr\u00fcn pay\u0131 belirlenir belirlenmez, cirodan veya k\u00e2rdan pay verilmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan h\u00e2llerde ise pay, hesap d\u00f6nemini izleyen en ge\u00e7 \u00fc\u00e7 ay sonunda muaccel olur.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                2. Geri verme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 443-<\/strong>\u00a0S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona ermesi durumunda, taraflardan her biri, di\u011ferinden veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015fiden di\u011ferinin hesab\u0131na, hizmetle ili\u015fkili olarak alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u015feyleri geri vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130\u015f\u00e7i, \u00f6zellikle motorlu ta\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131 ve trafik izin belgelerini, alacaklar\u0131ndan fazla oldu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00fccret ve masraf avanslar\u0131n\u0131 geri vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                Taraflar\u0131n hapis haklar\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                VII. Rekabet yasa\u011f\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                1. Ko\u015fullar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 444-<\/strong>\u00a0Fiil ehliyetine sahip olan i\u015f\u00e7i, i\u015fverene kar\u015f\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona ermesinden sonra herhangi bir bi\u00e7imde onunla rekabet etmekten, \u00f6zellikle kendi hesab\u0131na rakip bir i\u015fletme a\u00e7maktan, ba\u015fka bir rakip i\u015fletmede \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktan veya\u00a0bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, rakip i\u015fletmeyle ba\u015fka\u00a0t\u00fcrden bir menfaat ili\u015fkisine giri\u015fmekten\u00a0<\/strong>ka\u00e7\u0131nmay\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak \u00fcstlenebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                Rekabet yasa\u011f\u0131 kayd\u0131, ancak hizmet ili\u015fkisi i\u015f\u00e7iye m\u00fc\u015fteri \u00e7evresi veya \u00fcretim s\u0131rlar\u0131 ya da i\u015fverenin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fler hakk\u0131nda bilgi edinme imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yorsa ve ayn\u0131 zamanda bu bilgilerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, i\u015fverenin \u00f6nemli bir zarar\u0131na sebep olacak nitelikteyse ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                2. S\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 445-<\/strong>\u00a0Rekabet yasa\u011f\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7inin ekonomik gelece\u011fini hakkaniyete ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrecek bi\u00e7imde yer, zaman ve i\u015flerin t\u00fcr\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan uygun olmayan s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar i\u00e7eremez ve s\u00fcresi, \u00f6zel durum ve ko\u015fullar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda iki y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015famaz.<\/p>

                                                                                H\u00e2kim, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 nitelikteki rekabet yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn durum ve ko\u015fullar\u0131 serbest\u00e7e de\u011ferlendirmek ve i\u015fverenin \u00fcstlenmi\u015f olabilece\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131 edimi de hakkaniyete uygun bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutmak suretiyle, kapsam\u0131 veya s\u00fcresi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131rlayabilir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                3. Ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 446-<\/strong>\u00a0Rekabet yasa\u011f\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranan i\u015f\u00e7i, bunun sonucu olarak i\u015fverenin u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn zararlar\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                Yasa\u011fa ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f bir ceza ko\u015fuluna ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015fsa ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmede aksine bir h\u00fck\u00fcm de yoksa, i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen miktar\u0131 \u00f6deyerek rekabet yasa\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin borcundan kurtulabilir; ancak, i\u015f\u00e7i bu miktar\u0131 a\u015fan zarar\u0131 gidermek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130\u015fveren, ceza ko\u015fulu ve do\u011fabilecek ek zararlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6denmesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, s\u00f6zle\u015fmede yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a sakl\u0131 tutmas\u0131 ko\u015fuluyla, kendisinin ihlal veya tehdit edilen menfaatlerinin \u00f6nemi ile i\u015f\u00e7inin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 hakl\u0131 g\u00f6steriyorsa, yasa\u011fa ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015fa son verilmesini de isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                4. Sona ermesi<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 447-<\/strong>\u00a0Rekabet yasa\u011f\u0131, i\u015fverenin bu yasa\u011f\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesinde ger\u00e7ek bir yarar\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlenmi\u015fse sona erer.<\/p>

                                                                                S\u00f6zle\u015fme, hakl\u0131 bir sebep olmaks\u0131z\u0131n i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan veya i\u015fverene y\u00fcklenebilen bir nedenle i\u015f\u00e7i taraf\u0131ndan feshedilirse, rekabet yasa\u011f\u0131 sona erer.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 AYIRIM<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                Pazarlamac\u0131l\u0131k S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                A. Tan\u0131m\u0131 ve kurulmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                I. Tan\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 448-\u00a0<\/strong>Pazarlamac\u0131l\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, pazarlamac\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrekli olarak, bir ticari i\u015fletme sahibi i\u015fveren hesab\u0131na ve i\u015fletmesinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015flemin yap\u0131lmas\u0131na arac\u0131l\u0131k etmeyi veya yaz\u0131l\u0131 anla\u015fma varsa, bu anla\u015fmada belirtilen i\u015flemleri yapmay\u0131, i\u015fletme sahibi i\u015fverenin de buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u00fccret \u00f6demeyi \u00fcstlendi\u011fi s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                II. Kurulmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 449-\u00a0<\/strong>Pazarlamac\u0131l\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin s\u00fcresini, sona ermesini, pazarlamac\u0131n\u0131n yetkilerini, \u00fccret ve masraflar\u0131n nas\u0131l \u00f6denece\u011fini, taraflardan birinin yerle\u015fim yeri yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkede ise uygulanacak hukukun ve yetkili mahkemenin hangisi oldu\u011funu i\u00e7erir.<\/p>

                                                                                Yukar\u0131daki f\u0131kra uyar\u0131nca s\u00f6zle\u015fmede yer almas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen hususlar taraflarca belirlenmemi\u015fse, kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ve al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hizmet ko\u015fullar\u0131 uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                B. Pazarlamac\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck ve yetkileri<\/h2>

                                                                                I. Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 450-\u00a0<\/strong>Pazarlamac\u0131, talimata uymamas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lan hakl\u0131 bir sebep olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, kendisine verilen talimata uygun olarak m\u00fc\u015fterileri ziyaret etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr; i\u015fverenin izni olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, kendisi veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filer hesab\u0131na i\u015flem yapamaz, arac\u0131l\u0131k edemez.<\/p>

                                                                                Pazarlamac\u0131, i\u015flem yapmaya yetkiliyse, talimatta \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen fiyatlara ve di\u011fer i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131na uymak zorundad\u0131r; i\u015fveren raz\u0131 olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, bunlarda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapamaz.<\/p>

                                                                                Pazarlamac\u0131, pazarlama faaliyetleri ile ilgili olarak d\u00fczenli bi\u00e7imde ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi vermek, ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 sipari\u015fleri i\u015fverene derh\u00e2l ula\u015ft\u0131rmak ve m\u00fc\u015fteri \u00e7evresini ilgilendiren \u00f6nemli olaylar\u0131 bildirmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                II. Garanti<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 451-\u00a0<\/strong>Pazarlamac\u0131n\u0131n, m\u00fc\u015fterilerin \u00f6dememelerinden veya di\u011fer y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini ifa etmemelerinden sorumlu olaca\u011f\u0131na ya da alaca\u011f\u0131n tahsili i\u00e7in yap\u0131lacak masraflar\u0131 tamamen veya k\u0131smen kar\u015f\u0131layaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin anla\u015fmalar, kesin olarak h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                Pazarlamac\u0131, kendi m\u00fc\u015fteri \u00e7evresiyle i\u015flem yap\u0131yorsa, m\u00fc\u015fterilerin bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ifa etmemesi durumunda, i\u015fverenin her bir i\u015flemde u\u011frayaca\u011f\u0131 zarar\u0131n d\u00f6rtte birini ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere kar\u015f\u0131lamay\u0131, uygun bir ek komisyon kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ko\u015fuluyla yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak \u00fcstlenebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                Sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde arac\u0131l\u0131k yapan pazarlamac\u0131lar, bir primin tamam\u0131n\u0131n veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6denmemesi sebebiyle, bunun tahsili i\u00e7in dava veya icra takibi yoluna ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 durumunda, bu ama\u00e7la yap\u0131lacak masraflar\u0131n en \u00e7ok yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layacaklar\u0131n\u0131, yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak \u00fcstlenebilirler.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                III. Yetkileri<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 452-\u00a0<\/strong>Aksine yaz\u0131l\u0131 anla\u015fma olmad\u0131k\u00e7a pazarlamac\u0131, sadece i\u015flemlere arac\u0131l\u0131k etmeye yetkilidir.<\/p>

                                                                                Pazarlamac\u0131, i\u015flem yapmaya yetkili k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015fsa yetkisi, bu i\u015flerin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in gereken b\u00fct\u00fcn ola\u011fan hukuki i\u015flem ve fiilleri kapsar; \u00f6zel yetki verilmedik\u00e7e m\u00fc\u015fterilerden tahsilat yapamaz ve \u00f6deme g\u00fcnlerini de\u011fi\u015ftiremez.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                C. \u0130\u015fverenin \u00f6zel y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri<\/h2>

                                                                                I. Faaliyet alan\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 453-\u00a0<\/strong>Pazarlamac\u0131ya belirli bir pazarlama alan\u0131nda veya belirli bir m\u00fc\u015fteri \u00e7evresinde faaliyette bulunma yetkisi verilmi\u015f ve aksine yaz\u0131l\u0131 anla\u015fma da yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa i\u015fveren, ba\u015fkalar\u0131na ayn\u0131 alan veya \u00e7evrede faaliyette bulunma yetkisi veremez; ancak, kendisi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerle i\u015flem yapabilir.<\/p>

                                                                                S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin pazarlama alan\u0131 veya m\u00fc\u015fteri \u00e7evresine ili\u015fkin h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini gerektiren bir sebep varsa i\u015fveren, s\u00f6z konusu h\u00fckm\u00fc, s\u00f6zle\u015fmede fesih bildirim s\u00fcresi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olsa bile, bu s\u00fcreye uymadan tek tarafl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir; ancak, bu durumda pazarlamac\u0131n\u0131n tazminat ve hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini hakl\u0131 sebeple sona erdirme hakk\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                II. \u00dccret<\/h2>

                                                                                1. Genel olarak<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 454-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0130\u015fveren, pazarlamac\u0131ya sadece belirli bir miktardan veya bu miktarla birlikte komisyondan olu\u015fan bir \u00fccret \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00dccretin tamam\u0131n\u0131n veya \u00f6nemli k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n komisyondan olu\u015faca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin yaz\u0131l\u0131 anla\u015fma, kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan komisyonun, pazarlamac\u0131n\u0131n faaliyetinin uygun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131 ko\u015fuluyla ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>

                                                                                Deneme s\u00fcresi i\u00e7in \u00f6denecek \u00fccret, serbest\u00e7e kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir. Ancak, deneme s\u00fcresi iki ay\u0131 ge\u00e7emez.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                2. Komisyon<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 455-\u00a0<\/strong>Pazarlamac\u0131, belirli bir pazarlama alan\u0131 veya belirli bir m\u00fc\u015fteri \u00e7evresinde faaliyette bulunma yetkisi sadece kendisine verilmi\u015fse, kendisinin veya i\u015fverenin bu alan veya \u00e7evrede yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015flerde kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ya da al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan komisyonun \u00f6denmesini isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                Belirli bir pazarlama alan\u0131 veya belirli m\u00fc\u015fteri \u00e7evresinde faaliyette bulunma yetkisi pazarlamac\u0131yla birlikte ba\u015fkalar\u0131na da verilmi\u015fse pazarlamac\u0131ya, sadece kendisinin arac\u0131l\u0131k etti\u011fi veya bizzat yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fler i\u00e7in komisyon \u00f6denir.<\/p>

                                                                                Komisyonun muaccel olmas\u0131 an\u0131nda, yap\u0131lan i\u015fin de\u011feri hen\u00fcz kesin olarak belirlenemiyorsa komisyon, \u00f6nce al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan en az de\u011feri \u00fczerinden, geri kalan\u0131 ise, en ge\u00e7 i\u015fin yerine getirilmesinde \u00f6denir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                                                3. Pazarlama faaliyetinin engellenmesi<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 456-\u00a0<\/strong>Pazarlamac\u0131n\u0131n pazarlama i\u015flerini y\u00fcr\u00fctmesi, kendi kusuru olmaks\u0131z\u0131n imk\u00e2ns\u0131z h\u00e2le gelir ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme veya kanun gere\u011fi bu h\u00e2lde bile kendisine \u00fccret \u00f6denmesi gerekirse \u00fccret, sabit \u00fccrete ve komisyonun kayb\u0131 sebebiyle \u00f6denebilecek uygun tazminata g\u00f6re belirlenir. Ancak komisyon, \u00fccretin be\u015fte birinden az ise, komisyon kayb\u0131 sebebiyle tazminat \u00f6denmeyece\u011fi yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>

                                                                                Pazarlamac\u0131, pazarlama i\u015flerini kendi kusuru olmaks\u0131z\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctme imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 bulamamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n \u00fccretinin tamam\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015fsa, i\u015fverenin istemi \u00fczerine, kendisinin yapabilece\u011fi ve kendisinden beklenebilecek i\u015fleri onun i\u015fletmesinde yapmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                III. Harcamalar<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 457-\u00a0<\/strong>Pazarlamac\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda birden fazla i\u015fveren hesab\u0131na faaliyette bulunuyorsa, aksi yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a, her i\u015fveren, pazarlamac\u0131n\u0131n harcamalar\u0131na e\u015fit olarak kat\u0131lmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                Harcamalar\u0131n tamamen veya k\u0131smen sabit \u00fccrete veya komisyona d\u00e2hil edilmesine ili\u015fkin anla\u015fmalar kesin olarak h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                IV. Hapis hakk\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 458-\u00a0<\/strong>Pazarlamac\u0131l\u0131k ili\u015fkisinden do\u011fan muaccel alacaklar ile i\u015fverenin \u00f6deme g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015fmesi durumunda, hen\u00fcz muaccel olmayan alacaklar\u0131n g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in pazarlamac\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rlar, k\u0131ymetli evrak ve tahsil yetkisine dayanarak m\u00fc\u015fterilerden alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu paralar \u00fczerinde hapis hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>

                                                                                Pazarlamac\u0131, ara\u00e7 ve ta\u015f\u0131ma belgelerini, fiyat tarifelerini, m\u00fc\u015fterilerle ilgili kay\u0131tlar ile di\u011fer belgeleri al\u0131koyamaz.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                D. Sona ermesi<\/h2>

                                                                                I. \u00d6zel fesih s\u00fcresi<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 459-\u00a0<\/strong>Komisyon, sabit \u00fccretin en az be\u015fte birini olu\u015fturuyor ve \u00f6nemli mevsimlik dalgalanmalardan etkileniyorsa i\u015fveren, bir \u00f6nceki mevsimin sona ermesinden beri kendisiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam eden pazarlamac\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini, yeni mevsim s\u0131ras\u0131nda iki ayl\u0131k fesih s\u00fcresine uyarak feshedebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                Ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda pazarlamac\u0131 da, kendisini bir \u00f6nceki mevsim sonuna kadar \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve bundan sonra da \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaya devam eden i\u015fverene kar\u015f\u0131, bir sonraki mevsimin ba\u015flamas\u0131na kadar olan d\u00f6nemde, iki ayl\u0131k fesih s\u00fcresine uyarak s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi feshedebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                II. \u00d6zel sonu\u00e7lar<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 460-\u00a0<\/strong>S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona ermesi h\u00e2linde, pazarlamac\u0131n\u0131n bizzat yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya yap\u0131lmas\u0131na arac\u0131l\u0131k etti\u011fi b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015flemler ile kabul ve yerine getirme zaman\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona ermesine kadar i\u015fverene iletilen b\u00fct\u00fcn sipari\u015fler i\u00e7in komisyon \u00f6denir.<\/p>

                                                                                S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona ermesi h\u00e2linde pazarlamac\u0131, pazarlamac\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetinde bulunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kendisine verilen \u00f6rnek ve modelleri, fiyat tarifelerini, m\u00fc\u015fterilerle ilgili kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer belgeleri i\u015fverene geri vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ancak, pazarlamac\u0131n\u0131n hapis hakk\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                \u00dc\u00c7\u00dcNC\u00dc AYIRIM<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                Evde Hizmet S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                A. Tan\u0131m\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                I. Tan\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                MADDE 461-<\/strong>\u00a0Evde hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, i\u015fverenin verdi\u011fi i\u015fi, i\u015f\u00e7inin kendi evinde veya belirleyece\u011fi ba\u015fka bir yerde, bizzat veya aile bireyleriyle birlikte bir \u00fccret kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6rmeyi \u00fcstlendi\u011fi s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir.<\/p>

                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                1. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n bildirilmesi<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                  MADDE 462-<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130\u015fveren, i\u015f\u00e7iye her yeni i\u015f veri\u015finde genel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ve o i\u015fe \u00f6zg\u00fc \u00f6zellikleri bildirir; gerekiyorsa i\u015f\u00e7i taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanacak malzemeyi, bu malzemenin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kendisine ne miktarda \u00f6demede bulunaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve i\u015f i\u00e7in \u00f6deyece\u011fi \u00fccreti de i\u015f\u00e7iye yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak bildirir.<\/p>

                                                                                  \u0130\u015fin verilmesinden \u00f6nce malzeme i\u00e7in \u00f6denecek bedel ve i\u015f i\u00e7in \u00f6denecek \u00fccret yaz\u0131yla bildirilmemi\u015fse, bu i\u015flerde uygulanan al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bedel ve \u00fccret \u00f6denir.<\/p>

                                                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                  III. \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin \u00f6zel bor\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                  1. \u0130\u015fin yap\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                  MADDE 463-<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130\u015f\u00e7i, i\u015fe zaman\u0131nda ba\u015flamak, i\u015fi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan zamanda bitirmek ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sonucunu i\u015fverene teslim etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                  \u0130\u015f, i\u015f\u00e7inin kusuruyla ay\u0131pl\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fse i\u015f\u00e7i, giderilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan ay\u0131plar\u0131, masraf\u0131 kendisine ait olmak \u00fczere gidermek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                  2. Malzeme ve i\u015f ara\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                  MADDE 464\u00ad-\u00a0<\/strong>Malzeme ve i\u015f ara\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015fsa, i\u015f\u00e7i bunlar\u0131 gereken \u00f6zeni g\u00f6stererek kullanmak, bundan dolay\u0131 hesap vermek, ayr\u0131ca kalan malzeme ile i\u015f ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 da i\u015fverene teslim etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                  \u0130\u015f\u00e7i i\u015fi g\u00f6r\u00fcrken, kendisine teslim edilen malzemenin veya i\u015f ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n bozuk oldu\u011funu belirlerse, durumu hemen i\u015fverene bildirir ve i\u015fe devam etmeden \u00f6nce, onun talimat\u0131n\u0131 bekler.<\/p>

                                                                                  \u0130\u015f\u00e7i, kendisine teslim edilen malzeme veya i\u015f ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kendi kusuruyla kullan\u0131lmaz h\u00e2le getirirse, i\u015fverene kar\u015f\u0131 onun kullan\u0131lmaz h\u00e2le geldi\u011fi g\u00fcndeki rayi\u00e7 bedeli kadar sorumludur.<\/p>

                                                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                  IV. \u0130\u015fverenin \u00f6zel bor\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                  1. \u00dcr\u00fcn\u00fcn kabul\u00fc<\/h2>

                                                                                  MADDE 465-<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130\u015fveren, i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00fcreterek teslim etti\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc inceler; varsa buldu\u011fu ay\u0131plar\u0131 teslimden ba\u015flayarak bir hafta i\u00e7inde i\u015f\u00e7iye bildirir. S\u00fcresinde bildirim yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa, \u00fcr\u00fcn mevcut durumuyla kabul edilmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                  2. \u00dccret<\/h2>

                                                                                  a. \u00d6denmesi<\/h2>

                                                                                  MADDE 466-\u00a0<\/strong>Yap\u0131lan i\u015fin \u00fccreti, i\u015f\u00e7i, i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan aral\u0131ks\u0131z olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, onbe\u015f g\u00fcnde bir veya i\u015f\u00e7inin r\u0131zas\u0131yla ayda bir; aral\u0131kl\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn her tesliminde \u00f6denir.<\/p>

                                                                                  Her \u00fccret \u00f6denmesinde i\u015f\u00e7iye, bir hesap \u00f6zeti verilir. Hesap \u00f6zetinde, varsa kesintilerin miktar\u0131 ve sebebi de g\u00f6sterilir.<\/p>

                                                                                  \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                                                  b. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n engellenmesi h\u00e2linde<\/h2>

                                                                                  MADDE 467-<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130\u015f\u00e7iyi aral\u0131ks\u0131z bi\u00e7imde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran i\u015fveren, \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc kabulde temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc veya i\u015f\u00e7inin ki\u015fili\u011finden kaynaklanan sebeplerle ve kusuru olmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma engellendi\u011fi takdirde, hizmet ediminin engellenmesi durumundaki \u00fccret \u00f6denmesine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler gere\u011fince, ona \u00fccretini \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Di\u011fer durumlarda i\u015fveren, bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re \u00fccret \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc de\u011fildir.<\/p>

                                                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                  V. Sona ermesi<\/h2>

                                                                                  MADDE 468-<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130\u015f\u00e7iye deneme amac\u0131yla\u00a0bir i\u015f verilmi\u015fse, aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a, s\u00f6zle\u015fme deneme s\u00fcresi i\u00e7in kurulmu\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                  \u0130\u015f\u00e7i, i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan aral\u0131ks\u0131z olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a, s\u00f6zle\u015fme belirsiz s\u00fcreyle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r; di\u011fer durumlarda s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin belirli s\u00fcreyle yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilir.<\/p>

                                                                                  \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                  B. Genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin uygulanmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                  MADDE 469-<\/strong>\u00a0Pazarlamac\u0131l\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ve evde hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmayan h\u00e2llerde, hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin genel h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                  YED\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                  Eser S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                  A. Tan\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                  MADDE 470-<\/strong>\u00a0Eser s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, y\u00fcklenicinin bir eser meydana getirmeyi, i\u015fsahibinin de bunun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir bedel \u00f6demeyi \u00fcstlendi\u011fi s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir.<\/p>

                                                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                  B. H\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/h2>

                                                                                  I. Y\u00fcklenicinin bor\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                  1. Genel olarak<\/h2>

                                                                                  MADDE 471-<\/strong>\u00a0Y\u00fcklenici, \u00fcstlendi\u011fi\u00a0edimleri i\u015fsahibinin hakl\u0131 menfaatlerini\u00a0g\u00f6zeterek, sadakat ve \u00f6zenle ifa etmek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                  Y\u00fcklenicinin \u00f6zen borcundan do\u011fan sorumlulu\u011funun belirlenmesinde, benzer alandaki i\u015fleri \u00fcstlenen basiretli bir y\u00fcklenicinin g\u00f6stermesi gereken meslek\u00ee ve teknik kurallara uygun davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 esas al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                  Y\u00fcklenici, meydana getirilecek eseri do\u011frudan do\u011fruya kendisi yapmak veya kendi y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda yapt\u0131rmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ancak, eserin meydana getirilmesinde y\u00fcklenicinin ki\u015fisel \u00f6zellikleri \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131yorsa, i\u015fi ba\u015fkas\u0131na da yapt\u0131rabilir.<\/p>

                                                                                  Aksine \u00e2det veya anla\u015fma olmad\u0131k\u00e7a y\u00fcklenici, eserin meydana getirilmesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lacak olan ara\u00e7 ve gere\u00e7leri kendisi sa\u011flamak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                  2. Malzeme bak\u0131m\u0131ndan<\/h2>

                                                                                  MADDE 472-\u00a0<\/strong>Malzeme y\u00fcklenici taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015fsa y\u00fcklenici, bu malzemenin ay\u0131pl\u0131 olmas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden i\u015fsahibine kar\u015f\u0131, sat\u0131c\u0131 gibi sorumludur.<\/p>

                                                                                  Malzeme i\u015fsahibi taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015fsa y\u00fcklenici, onlar\u0131 gereken \u00f6zeni g\u00f6stererek kullanmakla ve bundan dolay\u0131 hesap ve artan\u0131 geri vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                  Eser meydana getirilirken, i\u015fsahibinin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 malzemenin veya eserin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi yerin ay\u0131pl\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r veya eserin gere\u011fi gibi ya da zaman\u0131nda meydana getirilmesini tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrecek ba\u015fka bir durum ortaya \u00e7\u0131karsa, y\u00fcklenici bu durumu hemen i\u015fsahibine bildirmek zorundad\u0131r; bildirmezse bundan do\u011facak sonu\u00e7lardan sorumlu olur.<\/p>

                                                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                  3. \u0130\u015fe ba\u015flama ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme<\/h2>

                                                                                  MADDE 473-<\/strong>\u00a0Y\u00fcklenicinin i\u015fe zaman\u0131nda ba\u015flamamas\u0131 veya s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak i\u015fi geciktirmesi ya da i\u015fsahibine y\u00fcklenemeyecek bir sebeple ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan gecikme y\u00fcz\u00fcnden b\u00fct\u00fcn tahminlere g\u00f6re y\u00fcklenicinin i\u015fi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan zamanda bitiremeyece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rsa, i\u015fsahibi teslim i\u00e7in belirlenen g\u00fcn\u00fc beklemek zorunda olmaks\u0131z\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                  Meydana getirilmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, eserin y\u00fcklenicinin kusuru y\u00fcz\u00fcnden ay\u0131pl\u0131 veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak meydana getirilece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyorsa, i\u015fsahibi bunu \u00f6nlemek \u00fczere verece\u011fi veya verdirece\u011fi uygun bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde y\u00fckleniciye, ay\u0131b\u0131n veya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi; aksi takdirde hasar ve masraflar\u0131 kendisine ait olmak \u00fczere, onar\u0131m\u0131n veya i\u015fe devam\u0131n bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye verilece\u011fi konusunda ihtarda bulunabilir.<\/p>

                                                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                  4. Ay\u0131p sebebiyle sorumluluk<\/h2>

                                                                                  a. Ay\u0131b\u0131n belirlenmesi<\/h2>

                                                                                  MADDE 474-<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130\u015fsahibi, eserin tesliminden sonra, i\u015flerin ola\u011fan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re imk\u00e2n bulur bulmaz eseri g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmek ve ay\u0131plar\u0131 varsa, bunu uygun bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde y\u00fckleniciye bildirmek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                  Taraflardan her biri, giderini kar\u015f\u0131layarak, eserin bilirki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesini ve sonucun bir raporla belirlenmesini\u00a0<\/strong>isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                  b. \u0130\u015fsahibinin se\u00e7imlik haklar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                  MADDE 475-\u00a0<\/strong>Eserdeki ay\u0131p sebebiyle y\u00fcklenicinin sorumlu oldu\u011fu h\u00e2llerde i\u015fsahibi, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki se\u00e7imlik haklardan birini kullanabilir:<\/p>

                                                                                  1. Eser i\u015fsahibinin kullanamayaca\u011f\u0131 veya hakkaniyet gere\u011fi kabule zorlanamayaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ay\u0131pl\u0131 ya da s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ayk\u0131r\u0131 olursa s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nme.<\/li>
                                                                                  2. Eseri al\u0131koyup ay\u0131p oran\u0131nda bedelden indirim isteme.<\/li>
                                                                                  3. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir masraf\u0131 gerektirmedi\u011fi takdirde, b\u00fct\u00fcn masraflar\u0131 y\u00fckleniciye ait olmak \u00fczere, eserin \u00fccretsiz onar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteme.<\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                    \u0130\u015fsahibinin genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re tazminat isteme hakk\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                    Eser, i\u015fsahibinin ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup, s\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcp kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 zarar do\u011furacaksa i\u015fsahibi, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nme hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanamaz.<\/p>

                                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                    c. \u0130\u015fsahibinin sorumlulu\u011fu<\/h2>

                                                                                    MADDE 476-<\/strong>\u00a0Eserin ay\u0131pl\u0131 olmas\u0131, y\u00fcklenicinin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ihtara kar\u015f\u0131n, i\u015fsahibinin verdi\u011fi talimattan do\u011fmu\u015f bulunur veya herhangi bir sebeple i\u015fsahibine y\u00fcklenebilecek olursa i\u015fsahibi, eserin ay\u0131pl\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan do\u011fan haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanamaz.<\/p>

                                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                    d. Eserin kabul\u00fc<\/h2>

                                                                                    MADDE 477-\u00a0<\/strong>Eserin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a veya \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc olarak kabul\u00fcnden sonra, y\u00fcklenici her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sorumluluktan kurtulur; ancak, onun taraf\u0131ndan kasten gizlenen ve usul\u00fcne g\u00f6re g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irme s\u0131ras\u0131nda fark edilemeyecek olan ay\u0131plar i\u00e7in sorumlulu\u011fu devam eder.<\/p>

                                                                                    \u0130\u015fsahibi, g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmeyi ve bildirimde bulunmay\u0131\u00a0<\/strong>ihmal ederse, eseri kabul etmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                    Eserdeki ay\u0131p sonradan ortaya \u00e7\u0131karsa i\u015fsahibi, gecikmeksizin durumu y\u00fckleniciye bildirmek zorundad\u0131r; bildirmezse eseri kabul etmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                    e. Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                    MADDE 478-\u00a0<\/strong>Y\u00fcklenici ay\u0131pl\u0131 bir eser meydana getirmi\u015fse, bu sebeple a\u00e7\u0131lacak davalar, teslim tarihinden ba\u015flayarak, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz yap\u0131lar d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki eserlerde iki y\u0131l\u0131n; ta\u015f\u0131nmaz yap\u0131larda ise be\u015f y\u0131l\u0131n ve y\u00fcklenicinin a\u011f\u0131r kusuru varsa, ay\u0131pl\u0131 eserin niteli\u011fine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n yirmi y\u0131l\u0131n ge\u00e7mesiyle zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011frar.<\/p>

                                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                    II. \u0130\u015fsahibinin bor\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                    1. Bedelin muacceliyeti<\/h2>

                                                                                    MADDE 479-<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130\u015fsahibinin bedel\u00a0\u00f6deme borcu, eserin teslimi an\u0131nda\u00a0muaccel olur.<\/p>

                                                                                    Eserin par\u00e7a par\u00e7a teslim edilmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bedel par\u00e7alara g\u00f6re belirlenmi\u015fse, her par\u00e7an\u0131n bedeli onun teslimi an\u0131nda muaccel olur.<\/p>

                                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                    1. Bedel<\/strong><\/li>
                                                                                    2. G\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc bedel<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                      MADDE 480-<\/strong>\u00a0Bedel g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc olarak belirlenmi\u015fse y\u00fcklenici, eseri o bedelle meydana getirmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Eser, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclenden fazla emek ve masraf\u0131 gerektirmi\u015f olsa bile y\u00fcklenici, belirlenen bedelin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyemez.<\/p>

                                                                                      Ancak, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen veya \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilip de taraflarca g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulmayan durumlar, taraflarca belirlenen g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc bedel ile eserin yap\u0131lmas\u0131na engel olur veya son derece g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirirse y\u00fcklenici, h\u00e2kimden s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yeni ko\u015fullara uyarlanmas\u0131n\u0131 isteme, bu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya kar\u015f\u0131 taraftan beklenemedi\u011fi takdirde s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nme hakk\u0131na sahiptir. D\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131n\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi durumlarda y\u00fcklenici, ancak fesih hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilir.<\/p>

                                                                                      Eser, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclenden az emek ve masraf\u0131 gerektirmi\u015f olsa bile i\u015fsahibi, belirlenen bedelin tamam\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      b. De\u011fere g\u00f6re bedel<\/p>

                                                                                      MADDE 481-<\/strong>\u00a0Eserin bedeli \u00f6nceden belirlenmemi\u015f veya yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak belirlenmi\u015fse bedel, yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer ve zamanda eserin de\u011ferine ve y\u00fcklenicinin giderine bak\u0131larak belirlenir.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      C. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona ermesi<\/h2>

                                                                                      I. Yakla\u015f\u0131k bedelin a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 482-<\/strong>\u00a0Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak belirlenen bedelin, i\u015fsahibinin kusuru olmaks\u0131z\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde a\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rsa i\u015fsahibi, eser hen\u00fcz tamamlanmadan veya tamamland\u0131ktan sonra s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                      Eser, i\u015fsahibinin arsas\u0131 \u00fczerine yap\u0131l\u0131yorsa i\u015fsahibi, bedelden uygun bir miktar\u0131n indirilmesini isteyebilece\u011fi gibi, eser hen\u00fcz tamamlanmam\u0131\u015fsa, y\u00fckleniciyi i\u015fe devamdan al\u0131koyarak, tamamlanan k\u0131s\u0131m i\u00e7in hakkaniyete uygun bir bedel \u00f6demek suretiyle s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi feshedebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                      II. Eserin yok olmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 483-\u00a0<\/strong>Eser teslimden \u00f6nce beklenmedik olay sonucu yok olursa i\u015fsahibi, eseri teslim almada temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fmedik\u00e7e y\u00fcklenici, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fin \u00fccretini ve giderlerinin \u00f6denmesini isteyemez. Bu durumda malzemeye gelen hasar, onu sa\u011flayana ait olur.<\/p>

                                                                                      Eserin i\u015fsahibince verilen malzeme veya g\u00f6sterilen arsan\u0131n ay\u0131b\u0131 veya i\u015fsahibinin talimat\u0131na uygun yap\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden yok olmas\u0131 durumunda y\u00fcklenici, do\u011fabilecek olumsuz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 zaman\u0131nda bildirmi\u015fse, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fin de\u011ferini ve bu de\u011fere girmeyen giderlerinin \u00f6denmesini isteyebilir. \u0130\u015fsahibinin kusuru varsa, y\u00fcklenicinin ayr\u0131ca zarar\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesini de isteme hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      III. Tazminat kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 fesih<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 484-<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130\u015fsahibi, eserin tamamlanmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan k\u0131sm\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demek ve y\u00fcklenicinin b\u00fct\u00fcn zararlar\u0131n\u0131 gidermek ko\u015fuluyla s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi feshedebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      IV. \u0130\u015fsahibi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden ifan\u0131n imk\u00e2ns\u0131zla\u015fmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 485-<\/strong>\u00a0Eserin tamamlanmas\u0131, i\u015fsahibi ile ilgili beklenmedik olay dolay\u0131s\u0131yla imk\u00e2ns\u0131zla\u015f\u0131rsa y\u00fcklenici, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fin de\u011ferini ve bu de\u011fere girmeyen giderlerini isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u0130fa imk\u00e2ns\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda i\u015fsahibi kusurluysa, y\u00fcklenicinin ayr\u0131ca tazminat isteme hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      V. Y\u00fcklenicinin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc veya yetene\u011fini kaybetmesi<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 486-<\/strong>\u00a0Y\u00fcklenicinin ki\u015fisel \u00f6zellikleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutularak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan s\u00f6zle\u015fme, onun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc veya kusuru olmaks\u0131z\u0131n eseri tamamlama yetene\u011fini kaybetmesi durumunda kendili\u011finden sona erer. Bu durumda i\u015fsahibi, eserin tamamlanan k\u0131sm\u0131ndan yararlanabilecek ise, onu kabul etmek ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      SEK\u0130Z\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                      Yay\u0131m S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                      A. Tan\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 487-\u00a0Yay\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, bir fikir ve sanat eseri sahibinin veya halefinin, o eseri yay\u0131mlanmak \u00fczere yay\u0131mc\u0131ya b\u0131rakmay\u0131, yay\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n da onu \u00e7o\u011faltarak yay\u0131mlamay\u0131 \u00fcstlendi\u011fi s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir.<\/h2>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                                                      B. \u015eekli<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 488-\u00a0Yay\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi, yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      C. H\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/h2>

                                                                                      I. Yay\u0131mlatma hakk\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7i\u015fi ve sorumluluk<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 489-<\/strong>\u00a0Yay\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesiyle eser sahibinin haklar\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ifas\u0131n\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ve s\u00fcreyle yay\u0131mc\u0131ya ge\u00e7er.<\/p>

                                                                                      Yay\u0131mlatan, yay\u0131mc\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kuruldu\u011fu anda eseri yay\u0131mlatma hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131ndan sorumlu oldu\u011fu gibi, eser korunmakta ise, telif hakk\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131ndan da sorumludur.<\/p>

                                                                                      Eserin tamam\u0131 veya bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc yay\u0131mlanmak \u00fczere ba\u015fka bir yay\u0131mc\u0131ya b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ya da yay\u0131mlatan\u0131n bilgisi alt\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f ise yay\u0131mlatan, yay\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce, bunu kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa bildirmek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      II. Yay\u0131mlatan\u0131n tasarruf hakk\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 490-<\/strong>\u00a0Yay\u0131mlatan, s\u00f6zle\u015fmede kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan s\u00fcre sona ermedik\u00e7e veya s\u00fcre belirlenmemi\u015fse kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan bask\u0131 adedinin t\u00fckenmesi i\u00e7in al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f s\u00fcre ge\u00e7medik\u00e7e, eserin tamam\u0131 veya bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerinde, yay\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n zarar\u0131na olacak bi\u00e7imde tasarrufta bulunamaz.<\/p>

                                                                                      S\u00fcreli yay\u0131nlarda yer alan k\u0131sa yaz\u0131lar, yay\u0131mlatan taraf\u0131ndan her zaman, ba\u015fka yerde de yay\u0131mlat\u0131labilir.<\/p>

                                                                                      Yay\u0131mlatan, toplama bir eserin kendisine ait b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini veya dergilerde \u00e7\u0131kan uzun yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, yay\u0131m\u0131n bitmesinden ba\u015flayarak \u00fc\u00e7 ay ge\u00e7medik\u00e7e yeniden yay\u0131mlatamaz.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      III. Bas\u0131m say\u0131s\u0131 ve bask\u0131 adedinin belirlenmesi<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 491-\u00a0S\u00f6zle\u015fmede bas\u0131m say\u0131s\u0131 belirtilmemi\u015fse, yay\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n ancak bir bas\u0131m yapma hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                      Taraflar, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin s\u00fcresini veya bask\u0131 adedini kararla\u015ft\u0131rmak zorundad\u0131rlar.<\/p>

                                                                                      S\u00f6zle\u015fmede yay\u0131mc\u0131ya belirli birka\u00e7 bas\u0131m veya b\u00fct\u00fcn yeni bas\u0131mlar\u0131 yapma yetkisi verildi\u011fi h\u00e2llerde, yay\u0131mc\u0131 eserin bask\u0131 adedi t\u00fckenmi\u015f iken yeni bir bas\u0131m yapmay\u0131 ihmal ederse, yay\u0131mlatan yeni bas\u0131m i\u00e7in yay\u0131mc\u0131ya uygun bir s\u00fcre verir. Yay\u0131mc\u0131, verilen s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde bas\u0131m\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmezse; yay\u0131mlatan s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden cayabilir.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      IV. \u00c7o\u011faltma ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 492-<\/strong>\u00a0Yay\u0131mc\u0131, eseri hi\u00e7bir k\u0131saltma, ekleme ve de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapmaks\u0131z\u0131n uygun bi\u00e7imde \u00e7o\u011faltmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr; ayr\u0131ca, sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli tan\u0131t\u0131m ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 yapmak ve bu konuda her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00f6nlemi almak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                      Sat\u0131\u015f fiyat\u0131n\u0131, eserin sat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirmemek ko\u015fuluyla yay\u0131mc\u0131 belirler.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      V. D\u00fczeltme ve iyile\u015ftirme<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 493-<\/strong>\u00a0Yay\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n menfaatlerini zedelememek ve onun sorumlulu\u011funu art\u0131rmamak ko\u015fuluyla, eser sahibi eserde d\u00fczeltme ve iyile\u015ftirme, halefleri ise ancak g\u00fcncelle\u015ftirme yapabilir. Bu d\u00fczeltme ve iyile\u015ftirme gerektirdi\u011fi h\u00e2lde s\u00f6zle\u015fmede \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f giderler, yay\u0131mlatan taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                      Yay\u0131mc\u0131, eser sahibine eserini iyile\u015ftirme, haleflerine de g\u00fcncelle\u015ftirme imk\u00e2n\u0131 vermeden yeni bir bas\u0131m yapamaz ve onu \u00e7o\u011faltamaz.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                      VI. Birarada bas\u0131m ve ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 yay\u0131m<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 494-<\/strong>\u00a0Bir eser sahibinin birden \u00e7ok eserini ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 yay\u0131mlama hakk\u0131, yay\u0131mc\u0131ya bunlar\u0131n bir arada bas\u0131lmas\u0131 yetkisini vermez.<\/p>

                                                                                      Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, eser sahibinin b\u00fct\u00fcn eserlerini veya bunlardan yaln\u0131z bir t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc birarada yay\u0131mlama hakk\u0131, yay\u0131mc\u0131ya bunlar i\u00e7inden her birinin ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 bas\u0131p\u00a0<\/strong>yayma hakk\u0131n\u0131 vermez.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      VII. \u00c7eviri hakk\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 495-<\/strong>\u00a0\u00c7eviri hakk\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131mc\u0131ya ge\u00e7ebilmesi, bunun s\u00f6zle\u015fmede a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmi\u015f olmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      VIII. Bedel isteme hakk\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                      1. Bedelin belirlenmesi<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 496-\u00a0S\u00f6zle\u015fmede aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmad\u0131k\u00e7a yay\u0131mlatan, bedel \u00f6denmesini isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                      Bedel \u00f6denmesi gereken h\u00e2llerde \u00f6denecek miktar belli de\u011filse bedel, h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan belirlenir.<\/p>

                                                                                      Yay\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n birden fazla bas\u0131m yapma hakk\u0131 varsa, ilk bas\u0131m i\u00e7in kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan bedel ve di\u011fer ko\u015fullar\u0131n, sonraki bas\u0131mlar i\u00e7in de uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                                                      2. Bedelin \u00f6denme zaman\u0131, sat\u0131\u015f hesaplar\u0131 ve bedelsiz alma hakk\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 497-<\/strong>\u00a0Bedel, eser b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak yay\u0131mlanacaksa tamam\u0131n\u0131n; cilt, fasik\u00fcl, forma gibi b\u00f6l\u00fcmler h\u00e2linde yay\u0131mlanacaksa, her b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn bas\u0131m\u0131ndan ve sat\u0131\u015fa haz\u0131r duruma getirilmesinden sonra \u00f6denir.<\/p>

                                                                                      Taraflar, bedeli sat\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131na ba\u011flam\u0131\u015flarsa yay\u0131mc\u0131, sat\u0131\u015f hesaplar\u0131n\u0131 tutmak, \u00e7\u0131karmak ve team\u00fcle uygun ispat edici belgeleri haz\u0131rlamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                      Aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a yay\u0131mlatan\u0131n, eserden, team\u00fcl uyar\u0131nca verilmesi gereken miktarda bedelsiz alma hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      D. Sona ermesi<\/h2>

                                                                                      I. Eserin yok olmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 498-<\/strong>\u00a0Eser, yay\u0131mc\u0131ya teslimden sonra beklenmedik h\u00e2l sonucu yok olsa bile, yay\u0131mc\u0131 bedeli \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                      Eserin ba\u015fka bir \u00f6rne\u011fi kendisinde varsa, eser sahibinin bu \u00f6rne\u011fi yay\u0131mc\u0131ya vermesi gerekir; ba\u015fka bir \u00f6rne\u011fi bulunmamakla birlikte, az bir \u00e7abayla yeniden meydana getirilebilecekse eser sahibi, eseri meydana getirerek teslim etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Eser sahibi her iki durumda da uygun bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      II. Bas\u0131lan\u0131n yok olmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 499-<\/strong>\u00a0Eserin tamamlanm\u0131\u015f olan bask\u0131 adedinin tamam\u0131 veya bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, sat\u0131\u015fa sunulmadan \u00f6nce beklenmedik h\u00e2l sonucu yok olursa yay\u0131mc\u0131, yay\u0131mlatana ayr\u0131ca bir bedel \u00f6demeksizin yok olan miktar\u0131, gideri kendisine ait olmak \u00fczere yeniden basabilir.<\/p>

                                                                                      Yay\u0131mc\u0131, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 masraf gerektirmeksizin yok olanlar\u0131n yerine yenilerini koyabilecek ise, bunu yapmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      III. Ki\u015fisel sebeplerle sona ermesi<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 500-<\/strong>\u00a0Eser sahibi eseri tamamlamadan \u00f6nce \u00f6l\u00fcr veya tamamlama yetene\u011fini yitirir ya da eseri tamamlamas\u0131 kendi kusuru olmaks\u0131z\u0131n imk\u00e2ns\u0131z duruma gelirse, s\u00f6zle\u015fme kendili\u011finden\u00a0<\/strong>sona erer. Ancak, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin tamam\u0131 veya bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn yerine getirilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ve hakkaniyete uygun bulunursa h\u00e2kim, s\u00f6zle\u015fme ili\u015fkisinin devam etmesine ve bunun i\u00e7in gereken de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                      Yay\u0131mc\u0131 iflas ederse yay\u0131mlatan, eseri ba\u015fka bir yay\u0131mc\u0131ya verebilir; ancak, iflas an\u0131nda hen\u00fcz muaccel olmam\u0131\u015f borcun yerine getirilece\u011fi\u00a0<\/strong>konusunda g\u00fcvence g\u00f6sterilmi\u015fse, yay\u0131mlatan eseri ba\u015fka bir yay\u0131mc\u0131ya veremez.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      E. Sipari\u015f \u00fczerine yay\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 501-\u00a0<\/strong>Bir veya birka\u00e7 ki\u015fi, yay\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n belirledi\u011fi plana g\u00f6re bir eser meydana getirmeyi \u00fcstlenirlerse, sadece s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan \u00fccrete hak kazan\u0131rlar.<\/p>

                                                                                      Bu durumda, s\u00f6zle\u015fme konusu mali haklar yay\u0131mc\u0131ya ait olur.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      DOKUZUNCU B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                      Vek\u00e2let \u0130li\u015fkileri<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                      B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 AYIRIM<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                      Vek\u00e2let S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                      A. Tan\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 502-<\/strong>\u00a0Vek\u00e2let s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, vekilin vek\u00e2let verenin bir i\u015fini g\u00f6rmeyi veya i\u015flemini yapmay\u0131 \u00fcstlendi\u011fi s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      Vek\u00e2lete ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler, niteliklerine uygun d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fckleri \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde, bu Kanunda d\u00fczenlenmemi\u015f olan i\u015fg\u00f6rme s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerine de uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                      S\u00f6zle\u015fme veya team\u00fcl varsa vekil, \u00fccrete hak kazan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      B. Kurulmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 503-\u00a0<\/strong>Kendisine bir i\u015fin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi \u00f6nerilen ki\u015fi, bu i\u015fi g\u00f6rme konusunda resm\u00ee s\u0131fata sahipse veya i\u015fin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 mesle\u011finin gere\u011fi ise ya da bu gibi i\u015fleri kabul edece\u011fini duyurmu\u015fsa, bu \u00f6neri onun taraf\u0131ndan hemen reddedilmedik\u00e7e, vek\u00e2let s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kurulmu\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      C. H\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/h2>

                                                                                      I. Vek\u00e2letin kapsam\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 504-<\/strong>\u00a0Vek\u00e2letin kapsam\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fmede a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6sterilmemi\u015fse, g\u00f6r\u00fclecek i\u015fin niteli\u011fine g\u00f6re belirlenir.<\/p>

                                                                                      Vek\u00e2let, \u00f6zellikle vekilin \u00fcstlendi\u011fi i\u015fin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in gerekli hukuki i\u015flemlerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 yetkisini de kapsar.<\/p>

                                                                                      Vekil, \u00f6zel olarak yetkili k\u0131l\u0131nmad\u0131k\u00e7a dava a\u00e7amaz, sulh olamaz, hakeme ba\u015fvuramaz, iflas, iflas\u0131n ertelenmesi ve konkordato talep edemez, kambiyo taahh\u00fcd\u00fcnde bulunamaz, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama yapamaz, kefil olamaz, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 devredemez ve bir hak ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131ramaz.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      II. Vekilin bor\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                      1. Talimata uygun ifa<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 505-<\/strong>\u00a0Vekil, vek\u00e2let verenin a\u00e7\u0131k talimat\u0131na uymakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ancak, vek\u00e2let verenden izin alma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, durumu bilseydi onun da izin verece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k olan h\u00e2llerde, vekil talimattan ayr\u0131labilir.<\/p>

                                                                                      Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki durumlarda vekil, talimattan ayr\u0131l\u0131rsa, bundan do\u011fan zarar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131k\u00e7a i\u015fi g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olsa bile, vek\u00e2let borcunu ifa etmi\u015f olmaz.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      2. \u015eahsen ifa, sadakat ve \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterme<\/h2>

                                                                                      a. Genel olarak<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 506-\u00a0<\/strong>Vekil, vek\u00e2let borcunu bizzat ifa etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ancak vekile yetki verildi\u011fi veya durumun zorunlu ya da team\u00fcl\u00fcn m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2llerde vekil, i\u015fi ba\u015fkas\u0131na yapt\u0131rabilir.<\/p>

                                                                                      Vekil \u00fcstlendi\u011fi i\u015f ve hizmetleri, vek\u00e2let verenin hakl\u0131 menfaatlerini g\u00f6zeterek, sadakat ve \u00f6zenle y\u00fcr\u00fctmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                      Vekilin \u00f6zen borcundan do\u011fan sorumlulu\u011funun belirlenmesinde, benzer alanda i\u015f ve hizmetleri \u00fcstlenen basiretli bir vekilin g\u00f6stermesi gereken davran\u0131\u015f esas al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      b. \u0130\u015fin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye g\u00f6rd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi h\u00e2linde<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 507-<\/strong>\u00a0Vekil, yetkisi d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karak i\u015fi ba\u015fkas\u0131na g\u00f6rd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, onun fiilinden kendisi yapm\u0131\u015f gibi sorumludur.<\/p>

                                                                                      Vekil ba\u015fkas\u0131na vek\u00e2let vermeye yetkili ise, sadece se\u00e7mede ve talimat vermede gerekli \u00f6zeni g\u00f6stermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                      Vek\u00e2let veren, her iki durumda da vekilin\u00a0<\/strong>kendi yerine koydu\u011fu ki\u015fiye kar\u015f\u0131 sahip oldu\u011fu haklar\u0131, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya o ki\u015fiye kar\u015f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/h3>

                                                                                      3. Hesap verme<\/h3>

                                                                                      MADDE 508-<\/strong>\u00a0Vekil, vek\u00e2let verenin istemi \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u015fin hesab\u0131n\u0131 vermek ve vek\u00e2letle ili\u015fkili olarak ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 vek\u00e2let verene vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                      Vekil, vek\u00e2let verene tesliminde gecikti\u011fi paran\u0131n faizini de \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      4. Edinilen haklar\u0131n vek\u00e2let verene ge\u00e7i\u015fi<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 509-\u00a0<\/strong>Vekilin, kendi ad\u0131na ve vek\u00e2let veren hesab\u0131na g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u015flerden do\u011fan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerdeki alaca\u011f\u0131, vek\u00e2let verenin vekile kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ifa etti\u011fi anda, kendili\u011finden vek\u00e2let verene ge\u00e7er.<\/p>

                                                                                      Vekilin iflas\u0131 h\u00e2linde vek\u00e2let veren, bu alaca\u011f\u0131n kendisine ge\u00e7mi\u015f oldu\u011funu iflas masas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 da ileri s\u00fcrebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                      Vek\u00e2let veren, vekilin kendi ad\u0131na ve vek\u00e2let veren hesab\u0131na edinmi\u015f oldu\u011fu ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r e\u015fyan\u0131n iflas masas\u0131ndan ayr\u0131larak kendisine verilmesini isteyebilir. Vekilin sahip oldu\u011fu hapis hakk\u0131ndan iflas masas\u0131 da yararlan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      III. Vek\u00e2let verenin bor\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 510-\u00a0<\/strong>Vek\u00e2let veren, vek\u00e2letin gere\u011fi gibi ifas\u0131 i\u00e7in vekilin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 giderleri ve verdi\u011fi avanslar\u0131 faiziyle birlikte \u00f6demek ve y\u00fcklendi\u011fi bor\u00e7lardan onu kurtarmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                      Vekil, vek\u00e2letin ifas\u0131 sebebiyle u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarar\u0131n giderilmesini vek\u00e2let verenden isteyebilir. Ancak vek\u00e2let veren, kusuru bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispat ederek bu sorumluluktan kurtulabilir.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      IV. Birlikte vek\u00e2let verenlerin ve birlikte vekillerin sorumlulu\u011fu<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 511-\u00a0<\/strong>Bir ki\u015fiye birlikte vek\u00e2let verenler, vekile kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcteselsil olarak sorumludurlar.<\/p>

                                                                                      Vek\u00e2leti birlikte \u00fcstlenenler, vek\u00e2letin ifas\u0131ndan m\u00fcteselsil olarak sorumludurlar ve yetkilerini ba\u015fkalar\u0131na devir haklar\u0131 olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, vek\u00e2let vereni, ancak birlikte yapt\u0131klar\u0131 fiil ve i\u015flemleriyle bor\u00e7 alt\u0131na sokabilirler.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      D. Sona ermesi<\/h2>

                                                                                      I. Sebepleri<\/h2>

                                                                                      1. Tek tarafl\u0131 sona erdirme<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 512-\u00a0<\/strong>Vek\u00e2let veren ve vekil, her zaman s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi tek tarafl\u0131 olarak sona erdirebilir. Ancak, uygun olmayan zamanda s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi sona\u00a0<\/strong>erdiren taraf, di\u011ferinin bundan do\u011fan zarar\u0131n\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      2. \u00d6l\u00fcm, ehliyetin kaybedilmesi ve iflas<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 513-\u00a0<\/strong>S\u00f6zle\u015fmeden veya i\u015fin niteli\u011finden aksi anla\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a s\u00f6zle\u015fme, vekilin veya vek\u00e2let verenin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, ehliyetini kaybetmesi ya da iflas\u0131 ile kendili\u011finden sona ermi\u015f olur. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, taraflardan birinin t\u00fczel ki\u015fi olmas\u0131 durumunda, bu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fin sona ermesinde de uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                      Vek\u00e2letin sona ermesi vek\u00e2let verenin menfaatlerini tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcyorsa, vek\u00e2let veren veya miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ya da temsilcisi, i\u015fleri kendi ba\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6rebilecek duruma gelinceye kadar, vekil veya miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ya da temsilcisi, vek\u00e2leti ifaya devam etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      II. H\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/h4>

                                                                                      MADDE 514-\u00a0<\/strong>Vekilin s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona erdi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenmeden \u00f6nce yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015flerden, vek\u00e2let veren ya da miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme devam ediyormu\u015f gibi sorumludur.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                      \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 AYIRIM<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                      Kredi Mektubu ve Kredi Emri<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                      A. Kredi mektubu<\/h4>

                                                                                      MADDE 515-\u00a0<\/strong>Kredi mektubu, mektup g\u00f6nderenin g\u00f6nderilene bir \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r belirleyerek veya belirlemeksizin, kredi mektubundan yararlanacak belirli ki\u015fiye istemde bulunaca\u011f\u0131 miktarda para ve benzeri \u015feyleri verme konusundaki vek\u00e2letini i\u00e7eren belgedir. Kredi mektubu, vek\u00e2let s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ve havale h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine tabidir.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00dcst s\u0131n\u0131r belirlenmeksizin verilmi\u015f olan kredi mektubunda mektuptan yararlanacak ki\u015fi, bu mektupla ilgili olanlar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiye a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a uygun olmayan fazla bir istemde bulunursa mektup g\u00f6nderilen, durumu g\u00f6nderene bildirmek ve cevap al\u0131ncaya kadar \u00f6demeyi ertelemek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                      Kredi mektubuyla verilen vek\u00e2let, ancak g\u00f6nderilen taraf\u0131ndan belirli bir miktar i\u00e7in kabul edildi\u011fi takdirde ge\u00e7erli olur.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      B. Kredi emri<\/h2>

                                                                                      I. Tan\u0131m\u0131 ve \u015fekli<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 516-<\/strong>\u00a0Bir kimse kendi ad\u0131na ve hesab\u0131na kredi emri verenin sorumlulu\u011fu alt\u0131nda bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye kredi a\u00e7mak veya krediyi yenilemek i\u00e7in emir alm\u0131\u015f ve kabul etmi\u015fse, kredi emri verilen vek\u00e2letini a\u015fmad\u0131k\u00e7a emri veren, kredi borcundan kefil gibi sorumlu olur. Ancak, kredi emri yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmad\u0131k\u00e7a emri veren sorumlu olmaz.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      II. Kredi emrinden yararlanan\u0131n ehliyetsizli\u011fi<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 517-<\/strong>\u00a0Kredi emrini veren, kredi emrinden yararlanan\u0131n ehliyetsizli\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrerek kredi emri verilene kar\u015f\u0131 sorumluluktan kurtulamaz.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      III. Kredi emri verilenin \u00f6nel vermesi<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 518-<\/strong>\u00a0Kredi emri verilen, kredi emrinden yararlanana kendili\u011finden \u00f6nel verir veya kendisine talimat verildi\u011fi h\u00e2lde kredi emrinden yararlanana ba\u015fvurmay\u0131 ihmal ederse, kredi emri veren sorumluluktan kurtulur.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      IV. Taraflar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 519-<\/strong>\u00a0Kredi emri veren ile kredi emrinden yararlanan aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiye, kefil ile as\u0131l bor\u00e7lu aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi d\u00fczenleyen h\u00fck\u00fcmler uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00dc\u00c7\u00dcNC\u00dc AYIRIM<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                      Simsarl\u0131k S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                      A. Tan\u0131m\u0131 ve \u015fekli<\/h1>

                                                                                      MADDE 520-\u00a0<\/strong>Simsarl\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, simsar\u0131n taraflar aras\u0131nda bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme kurulmas\u0131 imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131 veya kurulmas\u0131na arac\u0131l\u0131k etmeyi \u00fcstlendi\u011fi ve bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde \u00fccrete hak kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir.<\/p>

                                                                                      Simsarl\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine, kural olarak vek\u00e2lete ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                      Ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar konusundaki simsarl\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a ge\u00e7erli olmaz.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                                                      B. \u00dccret<\/h2>

                                                                                      I. Hak etme zaman\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 521-\u00a0<\/strong>Simsar, ancak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 faaliyet sonucunda s\u00f6zle\u015fme kurulursa \u00fccrete hak kazan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                      Simsar\u0131n faaliyeti sonucunda kurulan s\u00f6zle\u015fme geciktirici ko\u015fula ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015fsa \u00fccret, ko\u015fulun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi h\u00e2linde \u00f6denir.<\/p>

                                                                                      Simsarl\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde simsar\u0131n yapaca\u011f\u0131 giderlerin kendisine \u00f6denece\u011fi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, simsar\u0131n faaliyeti s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanmam\u0131\u015f olsa bile giderleri \u00f6denir.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      II. \u00dccretin belirlenmesi<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 522-\u00a0<\/strong>\u00dccret,\u00a0<\/strong>belirlenmemi\u015fse tarifeye, tarife yoksa team\u00fcle g\u00f6re \u00f6denir.<\/p>

                                                                                      III. Simsar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesi<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 523-\u00a0<\/strong>Simsar, \u00fcstlendi\u011fi borcuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranarak di\u011fer taraf\u0131n menfaatine hareket eder veya d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak di\u011fer taraftan \u00fccret s\u00f6z\u00fc al\u0131rsa, \u00fccrete ve yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 giderlere ili\u015fkin haklar\u0131n\u0131 kaybeder.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      IV. Evlenme simsarl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 524-\u00a0<\/strong>Evlenme simsarl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan do\u011fan \u00fccret hakk\u0131nda dava a\u00e7\u0131lamaz ve takip yap\u0131lamaz.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      V. \u00dccretten indirim<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 525-<\/strong>\u00a0S\u00f6zle\u015fmede a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir \u00fccret kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, bor\u00e7lunun istemi \u00fczerine, bu \u00fccret h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan hakkaniyete uygun olarak indirilebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      ONUNCU B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                      Vek\u00e2letsiz \u0130\u015fg\u00f6rme<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                      A. \u0130\u015fg\u00f6renin hak ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                      I. \u0130\u015fin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 526-<\/strong>\u00a0Vek\u00e2leti olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n hesab\u0131na i\u015fg\u00f6ren, o i\u015fi sahibinin menfaatine ve varsay\u0131lan iradesine uygun olarak g\u00f6rmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      II. Sorumluluk<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 527-<\/strong>\u00a0Vek\u00e2letsiz i\u015fg\u00f6ren, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ihmalinden sorumludur. Ancak, i\u015fg\u00f6ren bu i\u015fi, i\u015fsahibinin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarar\u0131 veya zarar tehlikesini gidermek \u00fczere yapm\u0131\u015fsa, sorumlulu\u011fu daha hafif olarak de\u011ferlendirilir.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u0130\u015fg\u00f6ren, i\u015fsahibinin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a veya \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc olarak yasaklam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n bu i\u015fi yapm\u0131\u015fsa ve i\u015fsahibinin yasaklamas\u0131 da hukuka veya ahlaka ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011filse, beklenmedik h\u00e2lden de sorumlu olur. Ancak, i\u015fg\u00f6ren o i\u015fi yapmam\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131 bile, bu zarar\u0131n\u00a0<\/strong>beklenmedik h\u00e2l sonucunda\u00a0<\/strong>ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fini ispat ederse sorumluluktan kurtulur.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      III. \u0130\u015fg\u00f6renin ehliyetsizli\u011fi<\/h2>

                                                                                      MADDE 528-<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130\u015fg\u00f6ren, s\u00f6zle\u015fme ehliyetinden yoksunsa, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015flemden ancak zenginle\u015fti\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde veya iyiniyetli olmaks\u0131z\u0131n elinden \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 zenginle\u015fme miktar\u0131yla sorumlu olur.<\/p>

                                                                                      Haks\u0131z fiillerden do\u011fan daha kapsaml\u0131 sorumluluk sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                      1. \u0130\u015fsahibinin hak ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/li>
                                                                                      2. \u0130\u015fin i\u015fsahibinin menfaatine yap\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                        MADDE 529-<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130\u015fsahibi, i\u015fin kendi menfaatine yap\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, i\u015fg\u00f6renin, durumun gere\u011fine g\u00f6re zorunlu ve yararl\u0131 bulunan b\u00fct\u00fcn masraflar\u0131 faiziyle \u00f6demek ve g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u015f\u00a0<\/strong>dolay\u0131s\u0131yla\u00a0<\/strong>\u00fcstlendi\u011fi\u00a0<\/strong>edimleri ifa etmek ve h\u00e2kimin takdir edece\u011fi zarar\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, umulan sonu\u00e7 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemi\u015f olsa bile, i\u015fi yaparken gereken \u00f6zeni g\u00f6stermi\u015f olan i\u015fg\u00f6ren hakk\u0131nda da uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                        \u0130\u015fg\u00f6ren, yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu giderleri alamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, sebepsiz zenginle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re ay\u0131r\u0131p alma hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>

                                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                        II. \u0130\u015fin i\u015fg\u00f6renin menfaatine yap\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde<\/h2>

                                                                                        MADDE 530-<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130\u015fsahibi, kendi menfaatine yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olsa bile, i\u015fg\u00f6rmeden do\u011fan faydalar\u0131 edinme hakk\u0131na sahiptir; ancak zenginle\u015fti\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde, i\u015fg\u00f6renin masraflar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demek ve giri\u015fti\u011fi bor\u00e7lardan onu kurtarmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                        III. \u0130\u015fin i\u015fsahibi taraf\u0131ndan uygun bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde<\/h2>

                                                                                        MADDE 531-\u00a0\u0130\u015fsahibi yap\u0131lan i\u015fi uygun bulmu\u015fsa, vek\u00e2let h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r.<\/h2>

                                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                        ONB\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                        Komisyon S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                        A. Al\u0131m veya sat\u0131m komisyonculu\u011fu<\/h2>

                                                                                        I. Tan\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                        MADDE 532-<\/strong>\u00a0Al\u0131m veya sat\u0131m komisyonculu\u011fu, komisyoncunun \u00fccret kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kendi ad\u0131na ve vek\u00e2let verenin hesab\u0131na k\u0131ymetli evrak ve ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n al\u0131m veya sat\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcstlendi\u011fi s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir.<\/p>

                                                                                        Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmdeki h\u00fck\u00fcmler sakl\u0131 kalmak \u00fczere, komisyon s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerine vek\u00e2let h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                        II. Komisyoncunun bor\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                        1. Bildirme ve sigortalama borcu<\/h2>

                                                                                        MADDE 533-\u00a0<\/strong>Komisyoncu, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f hakk\u0131nda vek\u00e2let vereni bilgilendirmek ve \u00f6zellikle talimat\u0131n\u0131n yerine getirildi\u011fini kendisine hemen bildirmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                        Vek\u00e2let verenin talimat\u0131 olmad\u0131k\u00e7a komisyoncu, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin konusunu olu\u015fturan \u015feyleri sigorta ettirmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc de\u011fildir.<\/p>

                                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                        2. \u00d6zen borcu<\/h2>

                                                                                        MADDE 534-\u00a0<\/strong>Sat\u0131lmak \u00fczere kendisine g\u00f6nderilen e\u015fya a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ay\u0131pl\u0131 ise komisyoncu, vek\u00e2let verenin ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekeni yapmak, zarar\u0131 tespit ettirmek, olabildi\u011fince e\u015fyay\u0131 koruma alt\u0131na almak ve durumdan vek\u00e2let vereni hemen bilgilendirmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr; aksi takdirde, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ihmalinden do\u011fan zarardan sorumlu olur.<\/p>

                                                                                        Sat\u0131lmak \u00fczere g\u00f6nderilen e\u015fya k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede bozulabilecek nitelikte ise komisyoncu, vek\u00e2let vereni hemen bilgilendirmek ko\u015fuluyla e\u015fyay\u0131 satmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                        \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                                                        3. Vek\u00e2let verenin belirledi\u011fi bedel<\/h2>

                                                                                        MADDE 535-<\/strong>\u00a0Vek\u00e2let verenin belirledi\u011fi bedelin alt\u0131nda mal satan komisyoncu, mal\u0131 satmasayd\u0131 vek\u00e2let verenin daha fazla zarar g\u00f6rece\u011fini ve durumun yeniden talimat almaya elveri\u015fli bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispat etmedik\u00e7e, belirlenen bedel ile sat\u0131\u015f bedeli aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda komisyoncu, kusuru varsa, talimat\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 vek\u00e2let verenin u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer zararlardan da sorumludur.<\/p>

                                                                                        Vek\u00e2let verenin belirledi\u011fi bedelin alt\u0131nda mal alan veya \u00fcst\u00fcnde satan komisyoncu, bu i\u015flemlerden do\u011fan fark\u0131 al\u0131koyamaz.<\/p>

                                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                        4. Veresiye satma ve teslim almadan \u00f6deme<\/h2>

                                                                                        MADDE 536-<\/strong>\u00a0Komisyoncu, vek\u00e2let verenin izni olmaks\u0131z\u0131n mal\u0131 veresiye satar veya mal\u0131 teslim almadan bedelini \u00f6derse, bundan do\u011fan zarara katlanmak zorundad\u0131r. Ancak, vek\u00e2let veren yasaklamad\u0131k\u00e7a, mal\u0131 sat\u0131\u015f yerindeki ticari team\u00fcle g\u00f6re veresiye de satabilir.<\/p>

                                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                        5. Komisyoncunun garantisi<\/h2>

                                                                                        MADDE 537-<\/strong>\u00a0Yetkisi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n veresiye mal satmas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, komisyoncu i\u015flemde bulundu\u011fu bor\u00e7lular\u0131n \u00f6dememelerinden ve di\u011fer bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ifa etmemelerinden sorumlu olmaz. Ancak, komisyoncu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a garanti vermi\u015fse veya bulundu\u011fu yerdeki ticari team\u00fcl gerektiriyorsa sorumlu olur.<\/p>

                                                                                        Garanti veren komisyoncunun bundan dolay\u0131 ayr\u0131ca \u00fccret isteme hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                        III. Komisyoncunun haklar\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                        1. \u00d6dedi\u011fi paralar ve yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 giderler<\/h2>

                                                                                        MADDE 538-\u00a0Komisyoncu, vek\u00e2let verenin yarar\u0131 i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn giderleri ve \u00f6dedi\u011fi paralar\u0131 faiziyle birlikte isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                        Komisyoncu, ardiye ve ta\u015f\u0131ma bedellerini vek\u00e2let verenin hesab\u0131na ge\u00e7irebilirse de, kendi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fccretlerini ge\u00e7iremez.<\/p>

                                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                        2. Komisyon \u00fccreti<\/h2>

                                                                                        a. \u0130steme hakk\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                        MADDE 539-<\/strong>\u00a0Komisyoncu, \u00fccretinin \u00f6denmesini kendisine verilen i\u015fi yap\u0131nca isteyebilece\u011fi gibi, i\u015fin yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 vek\u00e2let verene y\u00fckletilebilen bir sebepten kaynaklanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde de isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                        Komisyoncu, ba\u015fka sebeplerle i\u015fin yap\u0131lamamas\u0131 durumunda, ancak eme\u011finin yerel \u00e2dete g\u00f6re belirlenecek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                        b. Kaybedilmesi<\/h2>

                                                                                        MADDE 540-\u00a0<\/strong>Komisyoncu, vek\u00e2let verene kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131r, \u00f6zellikle ona sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan fazla veya satt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan eksik bir bedel bildirirse, \u00fccret alma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kaybeder.<\/p>

                                                                                        Bedelin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bedelden farkl\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesi durumunda vek\u00e2let veren,\u00a0komisyoncuyu ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bedel \u00fczerinden sat\u0131lan\u0131n al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 veya sat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 sayma hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>

                                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                        3. Hapis hakk\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                        MADDE 541-<\/strong>\u00a0Komisyoncunun, satt\u0131\u011f\u0131 mal\u0131n bedeli ve sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 mal \u00fczerinde hapis hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                        \u00a0<\/h2>

                                                                                        4. Mal\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k art\u0131rmayla sat\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                        MADDE 542-<\/strong>\u00a0Komisyoncuya verilen mal\u0131n sat\u0131lamamas\u0131 veya sat\u0131\u015f emrinden cay\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda vek\u00e2let veren, mal\u0131 geri almakta ya da o malla ilgili ba\u015fka i\u015flem yapmakta a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde gecikirse komisyoncu, mal\u0131 bulundu\u011fu yer mahkemesinden karar alarak a\u00e7\u0131k art\u0131rmayla satt\u0131rabilir. Ancak, mal borsada kay\u0131tl\u0131ysa veya piyasa fiyat\u0131 varsa ya da yap\u0131lacak masrafa oranla de\u011feri azsa, h\u00e2kim sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n ba\u015fka bir yolla yap\u0131lmas\u0131na da karar verebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                        Mal\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yerde vek\u00e2let veren ya da temsilcisi haz\u0131r bulunmazsa, sat\u0131\u015f karar\u0131 vek\u00e2let veren dinlenmeksizin de verilebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                        Mal\u0131n h\u0131zla de\u011fer kaybetmesi h\u00e2li d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, art\u0131rman\u0131n yer ve zaman\u0131n\u0131n mahkemece vek\u00e2let verene bildirilmesi zorunludur.<\/p>

                                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                        5. Komisyoncunun kendisiyle i\u015flem yapmas\u0131<\/h2>

                                                                                        a. Bedel ve \u00fccret<\/h2>

                                                                                        MADDE 543-<\/strong>\u00a0Borsada kay\u0131tl\u0131 veya piyasa fiyat\u0131 bulunan kambiyo senetleri veya di\u011fer k\u0131ymetli evrak\u0131 ya da ticari mallar\u0131 satmaya veya sat\u0131n almaya yetkili k\u0131l\u0131nan komisyoncu, vek\u00e2let veren taraf\u0131ndan aksine talimat verilmemi\u015fse, sat\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131 mal yerine kendi mallar\u0131n\u0131 satabilir veya sataca\u011f\u0131 mal\u0131 kendisi i\u00e7in sat\u0131n alabilir. Bu h\u00e2llerde, komisyoncunun kendisiyle i\u015flem yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 andaki de\u011ferler esas al\u0131n\u0131r; komisyoncunun, komisyon i\u015flerinde al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan \u00fccret ve giderlerini, bu h\u00e2llerde bile isteme hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                        Komisyoncu, bu t\u00fcr bir i\u015flemin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn vek\u00e2let verene bildirmek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                        Di\u011fer h\u00e2llerde sat\u0131\u015f h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                        b. \u0130\u015flemi kendisiyle yapm\u0131\u015f say\u0131lma<\/h2>

                                                                                        MADDE 544-<\/strong>\u00a0Komisyoncu, kendisinin do\u011frudan do\u011fruya al\u0131c\u0131 veya sat\u0131c\u0131 olabildi\u011fi durumlarda, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin di\u011fer taraf\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermeksizin vek\u00e2letin yerine getirildi\u011fini vek\u00e2let verene bildirirse, i\u015flemi kendisiyle yapm\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                        c. \u0130\u015flemi kendisiyle yapma hakk\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesi<\/h2>

                                                                                        MADDE 545-\u00a0<\/strong>Vek\u00e2let verenin vek\u00e2leti geri ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberi komisyoncuya ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda, komisyoncunun i\u015flemi\u00a0<\/strong>kendisiyle yapma hakk\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer. Ancak, bu haber kendisine ula\u015fmadan \u00f6nce komisyoncu, i\u015flemin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirimini g\u00f6ndermi\u015fse, bu h\u00fck\u00fcm uygulanmaz.<\/p>

                                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                        B. Di\u011fer komisyon i\u015fleri<\/h2>

                                                                                        MADDE 546-\u00a0<\/strong>Malzemesi i\u015fsahibi taraf\u0131ndan verilmek \u00fczere imal edilecek ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rlar hakk\u0131ndaki komisyon i\u015fleri, e\u015fya misl\u00ee \u015feylerden olmasa da, al\u0131m ve sat\u0131m komisyonculu\u011fu h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir.<\/p>

                                                                                        Al\u0131m ve sat\u0131m komisyonculu\u011fu say\u0131lmayan i\u015fleri, \u00fccret kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kendi ad\u0131na ve vek\u00e2let verenin hesab\u0131na \u00fcstlenen al\u0131m ve sat\u0131m komisyoncusu ile komisyon i\u015flerini kendisine meslek edinmeyip arada bir \u00fcstlenen tacir hakk\u0131nda da bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                        Ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015fleri komisyonculu\u011fu hakk\u0131ndaki \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmler sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                        ON\u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                        Ticari Temsilciler, Ticari Vekiller ve Di\u011fer Tacir Yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                        1. Ticari temsilci<\/strong><\/li>
                                                                                        2. Tan\u0131m\u0131 ve yetki verilmesi<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                          MADDE 547-<\/strong>\u00a0Ticari temsilci, i\u015fletme\u00a0sahibinin, ticari i\u015fletmeyi y\u00f6netmek ve\u00a0i\u015fletmeye ili\u015fkin i\u015flemlerde ticaret unvan\u0131 alt\u0131nda, ticari temsil yetkisi ile kendisini temsil etmek \u00fczere, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ya da \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc olarak yetki verdi\u011fi ki\u015fidir.<\/p>

                                                                                          \u0130\u015fletme sahibi, ticari temsilcilik yetkisi verildi\u011fini ticaret siciline tescil ettirmek zorundad\u0131r; ancak ticari i\u015fletme sahibinin ticari temsilcinin fiillerinden sorumlulu\u011fu, tescilin yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>

                                                                                          \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                          1. Temsil yetkisinin kapsam\u0131<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                            MADDE 548-<\/strong>\u00a0Ticari temsilci, iyiniyetli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131, i\u015fletme sahibi ad\u0131na kambiyo taahh\u00fcd\u00fcnde bulunmaya ve onun ad\u0131na i\u015fletmenin amac\u0131na giren her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015flemleri yapmaya yetkili say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                            Ticari temsilci, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yetkili k\u0131l\u0131nmad\u0131k\u00e7a, ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131 devredemez veya bir hak ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131ramaz.<\/p>

                                                                                            \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                            III. Temsil yetkisinin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                            MADDE 549-<\/strong>\u00a0Temsil yetkisi, bir \u015fubenin i\u015fleriyle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>

                                                                                            Temsil yetkisi, birden \u00e7ok ki\u015finin birlikte imza atmalar\u0131 ko\u015fuluyla da s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131labilir. Bu durumda, di\u011ferlerinin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n temsilcilerden birinin imza atm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, i\u015fletme sahibini ba\u011flamaz.<\/p>

                                                                                            Temsil yetkisine ili\u015fkin yukar\u0131daki s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar, ticaret siciline tescil edilmedik\u00e7e, iyiniyetli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm do\u011furmaz.<\/p>

                                                                                            Temsil yetkisine ili\u015fkin di\u011fer s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar, tescil edilmi\u015f olsalar bile, iyiniyetli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclemez.<\/p>

                                                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                            1. Temsil yetkisinin sona ermesi<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                              MADDE 550-<\/strong>\u00a0Temsil yetkisinin verildi\u011fi ticaret siciline tescil edilmemi\u015f olsa bile, sona erdi\u011fi tescil edilir.<\/p>

                                                                                              Temsil yetkisinin sona erdi\u011fi ticaret siciline tescil ve ilan edilmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece, bu yetki iyiniyetli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filer i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini korur.<\/p>

                                                                                              \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                              1. Ticari vekil<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                MADDE 551-\u00a0<\/strong>Ticari vekil, bir ticari i\u015fletme sahibinin, kendisine ticari temsilcilik yetkisi vermeksizin, i\u015fletmesini y\u00f6netmek veya i\u015fletmesinin baz\u0131 i\u015flerini y\u00fcr\u00fctmek i\u00e7in yetkilendirdi\u011fi ki\u015fidir.<\/p>

                                                                                                Bu yetki, i\u015fletmenin al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015flemlerini kapsar. Ancak, ticari vekil a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yetkili k\u0131l\u0131nmad\u0131k\u00e7a, \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 olarak para veya benzerlerini alamaz, kambiyo taahh\u00fcd\u00fcnde bulunamaz, dava a\u00e7amaz ve a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f davay\u0131 takip edemez.<\/p>

                                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                1. Di\u011fer tacir yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                  MADDE 552-<\/strong>\u00a0Toptan, yar\u0131 toptan veya perakende sat\u0131\u015flarla u\u011fra\u015fan ticari i\u015fletmelerin g\u00f6revli veya hizmetlileri, o ticari i\u015fletme i\u00e7inde, m\u00fc\u015fterilerin kolayl\u0131kla g\u00f6rebilecekleri bir yerde ve kolayca okuyabilecekleri bir bi\u00e7imde, yaz\u0131yla aksine duyuru yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u015flemler i\u00e7in yetkilidirler:<\/p>

                                                                                                  1. Ticari i\u015fletmenin al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn sat\u0131\u015f i\u015flemlerini yapmak.<\/li>
                                                                                                  2. Yetkili olduklar\u0131 i\u015flemler hakk\u0131nda faturalar\u0131 imzalamak.<\/li>
                                                                                                  3. Ticari i\u015fletmenin al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f i\u015flemlerinden do\u011fan bor\u00e7lar\u0131n ifa edilmesine veya bunlar\u0131n hi\u00e7 ya da gere\u011fi gibi ifa edilmemesine ili\u015fkin ihtar veya di\u011fer a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 i\u015fletme sahibi ad\u0131na yapmak; bu nitelikteki ihtar veya di\u011fer a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f i\u015flem dolay\u0131s\u0131yla teslim edilmi\u015f mallara ili\u015fkin ay\u0131p bildirimlerini ticari i\u015fletme ad\u0131na kabul etmek.<\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                    Toptan, yar\u0131 toptan veya perakende sat\u0131\u015flarla u\u011fra\u015fan ticari i\u015fletmelerin g\u00f6revli veya hizmetlileri, kendilerine yaz\u0131yla yetki verilmi\u015f olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, i\u015fletme d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ve kasa g\u00f6revlileri atanm\u0131\u015fsa, i\u015fletme i\u00e7inde sat\u0131\u015f bedellerini isteyip alamazlar. Bu ki\u015filer, sat\u0131\u015f bedellerini almaya yetkili bulunduklar\u0131 h\u00e2llerde, faturalar\u0131 kapatmaya veya makbuz vermeye de yetkilidirler.<\/p>

                                                                                                    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                    1. Rekabet yasa\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                      MADDE 553-\u00a0<\/strong>Bir i\u015fletmenin b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015flerini y\u00f6neten veya i\u015fletme sahibinin hizmetinde bulunan ticari temsilciler, ticari vekiller veya di\u011fer tacir yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131, i\u015fletme sahibinin izni olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya veya dolayl\u0131 olarak, kendilerinin ya da bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015finin hesab\u0131na i\u015fletmenin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcrden bir i\u015f yapamayacaklar\u0131 gibi, kendi hesaplar\u0131na bu t\u00fcr i\u015flemleri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere de yapt\u0131ramazlar.<\/p>

                                                                                                      Buna ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131rlarsa i\u015fletme sahibi, aralar\u0131ndaki hukuki ili\u015fkiden do\u011fan haklar\u0131 sakl\u0131 kalmak kayd\u0131yla, u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarar\u0131n giderilmesini isteyebilece\u011fi gibi, bunun yerine, ticari temsilcinin, ticari vekilin veya di\u011fer tacir yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kendi hesab\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015flerin kendi hesab\u0131na yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f say\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve bu i\u015fler dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ald\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fccretin verilmesini veya ayn\u0131 i\u015flerden do\u011fan alaca\u011f\u0131n devredilmesini isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                      1. Ticari temsilcilerin, ticari vekillerin ve di\u011fer tacir yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yetkilerinin sona ermesi<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                        MADDE 554-<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130\u015fletme sahibi, ticari temsilcilerin, ticari vekillerin ve di\u011fer tacir yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yetkilerini, aralar\u0131ndaki hizmet, vek\u00e2let, ortakl\u0131k ve benzeri s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerden do\u011fan haklar\u0131 sakl\u0131 kalmak ko\u015fuluyla, her zaman geri alabilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                        \u0130\u015fletme sahibinin fiil ehliyetini kaybetmesi veya \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, ticari temsilcilerin, ticari vekillerin ve di\u011fer tacir yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yetkisini sona erdirmez.<\/p>

                                                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                        ON\u00dc\u00c7\u00dcNC\u00dc B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                        Havale<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                        1. Tan\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                          MADDE 555-<\/strong>\u00a0Havale, havale edenin, kendi hesab\u0131na, para, k\u0131ymetli evrak ya da di\u011fer bir misl\u00ee e\u015fyay\u0131 havale al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na vermek \u00fczere havale \u00f6deyicisini; bunlar\u0131 kendi ad\u0131na kabul etmek \u00fczere havale al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yetkili k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir hukuki i\u015flemdir.<\/p>

                                                                                                          \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                          B. H\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/p>

                                                                                                          1. Havale eden ile havale al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                            MADDE 556-<\/strong>\u00a0Havale, havale edenin havale al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na olan borcunun ifas\u0131 amac\u0131yla yap\u0131l\u0131yorsa, bu bor\u00e7 ancak havale \u00f6deyicisinin borcu ifa etmesiyle sona erer.<\/p>

                                                                                                            Havaleyi kabul etmi\u015f olan havale al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, havale \u00f6deyicisine ba\u015fvurarak\u00a0havalede belirlenen s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u00a0elde edememi\u015fse, bu alaca\u011f\u0131, havale edene kar\u015f\u0131 yeniden ileri s\u00fcrebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                            Alacakl\u0131 olan havale al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, havaleyi kabul etmek istemezse, durumu bor\u00e7lu olan havale edene gecikmeksizin bildirmek zorundad\u0131r; bildirmezse bundan do\u011fan zarar\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olur.<\/p>

                                                                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                            II. Havale \u00f6deyicisinin borcu<\/h4>

                                                                                                            MADDE 557-<\/strong>\u00a0Havale \u00f6deyicisi, \u00e7ekince belirtmeksizin havaleyi kabul etti\u011fini havale al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na bildirirse, ifa ile y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olur ve ona kar\u015f\u0131, ancak aralar\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiden veya havalenin i\u00e7eri\u011finden do\u011fan savunmalar\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrebilir; havale eden ile kendi aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiden do\u011fan savunmalar\u0131 ileri s\u00fcremez.<\/p>

                                                                                                            Havale \u00f6deyicisi, havale edene bor\u00e7lu ise, borcu havale al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na ifa etmesi, havale edene yapaca\u011f\u0131 ifaya oranla daha fazla y\u00fck getirmiyorsa, borcu havale al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na ifa etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu durumda, havale eden ile aralar\u0131nda aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa havale \u00f6deyicisinin, ifadan \u00f6nce havaleyi kabul etti\u011fini havale al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na gerek yoktur.<\/p>

                                                                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                            III. \u0130fa edilmeme h\u00e2linde bildirim<\/h4>

                                                                                                            MADDE 558-<\/strong>\u00a0Havale \u00f6deyicisi, havale al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n istemesine kar\u015f\u0131n ifadan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131r veya havale konusunu ifa etmeyece\u011fini \u00f6nceden a\u00e7\u0131klarsa havale al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, durumu gecikmeksizin havale edene bildirmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr; bildirmezse, bu y\u00fczden havale edenin u\u011frayaca\u011f\u0131 zarardan sorumlu olur.<\/p>

                                                                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                            C. Geri alma<\/h4>

                                                                                                            MADDE 559-\u00a0<\/strong>Havale eden, havale al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na verdi\u011fi yetkiyi her zaman geri alabilir. Ancak, havale al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yarar\u0131na, \u00f6zellikle onun alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 elde etmesi amac\u0131yla verdi\u011fi yetkiyi geri alamaz.<\/p>

                                                                                                            Havale \u00f6deyicisi, havale al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na havaleyi kabul etti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece havale eden, ona verdi\u011fi yetkiyi geri alabilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                            Havale edenin iflas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, hen\u00fcz kabul edilmemi\u015f olan havale kendili\u011finden sona erer.<\/p>

                                                                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                            1. K\u0131ymetli evrak konusunda havale<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                              MADDE 560-<\/strong>\u00a0K\u0131ymetli evraka ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f alaca\u011f\u0131n, h\u00e2mile \u00f6denmesi amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lan yaz\u0131l\u0131 havaleler hakk\u0131nda, bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r. Bu durumda havale \u00f6deyicisi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda her hamil, havale al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, havale eden ile havale al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiye \u00f6zg\u00fc haklar, sadece alaca\u011f\u0131 devreden ile devralan aras\u0131nda do\u011fmu\u015f olur.<\/p>

                                                                                                              \u00c7ekler ve poli\u00e7e benzeri\u00a0<\/strong>havaleler hakk\u0131ndaki \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmler sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                              \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                              OND\u00d6RD\u00dcNC\u00dc B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                              Saklama S\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                              1. Genel saklama s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/strong><\/li>
                                                                                                              2. Tan\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                MADDE 561-\u00a0<\/strong>Saklama s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, saklayan\u0131n, saklatan\u0131n kendisine b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r\u0131\u00a0<\/strong>g\u00fcvenli bir yerde koruma alt\u0131na almay\u0131 \u00fcstlendi\u011fi s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc veya durum ve ko\u015fullar gerektirdi\u011fi takdirde, saklayan \u00fccret isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                II. Saklatan\u0131n bor\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h4>

                                                                                                                MADDE 562-\u00a0<\/strong>Saklatan, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ifas\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn masraflar\u0131 \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                                                Saklatan, kendi kusurundan ileri gelmedi\u011fini ispat etmedik\u00e7e, saklayan\u0131n saklamadan do\u011fan zararlar\u0131n\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                III. Saklayan\u0131n bor\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h4>
                                                                                                                1. Kullan\u0131m yasa\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                  MADDE 563-<\/strong>\u00a0Saklayan, saklatan\u0131n izni olmad\u0131k\u00e7a saklanan\u0131 kullanamaz.<\/p>

                                                                                                                  Bu yasa\u011fa ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131rsa, saklatana uygun bir kullan\u0131m bedeli \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu gibi, kullanmam\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131 bile bu zarar\u0131n do\u011faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispat etmedik\u00e7e,\u00a0<\/strong>beklenmedik h\u00e2lden do\u011facak zararlardan da sorumlu olur.<\/p>

                                                                                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                  1. Geri verme<\/strong><\/li>
                                                                                                                  2. Genel olarak<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                    MADDE 564-<\/strong>\u00a0Saklama s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde bir s\u00fcre belirlenmi\u015f olsa bile saklayan, saklatan\u0131n her zaman ileri s\u00fcrebilece\u011fi istemi \u00fczerine, saklanan\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7o\u011falmalar\u0131yla birlikte geri vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ancak saklatan, saklayan\u0131n belirlenen s\u00fcreyi dikkate alarak yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu masraflar\u0131 \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                    b. \u00d6zel durumlar<\/p>

                                                                                                                    MADDE 565-<\/strong>\u00a0Saklayan, belirlenmi\u015f olan s\u00fcrenin sona ermesinden \u00f6nce saklanan\u0131 geri veremez. Ancak saklayan, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen durumlar dolay\u0131s\u0131yla s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin devam\u0131 saklanan i\u00e7in tehlikeli veya kendisi i\u00e7in zararl\u0131 olursa, belirlenen s\u00fcrenin sona ermesinden \u00f6nce de geri verebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                    S\u00fcre belirlenmemi\u015fse, saklayan saklanan\u0131 her zaman geri verebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                    Birden \u00e7ok ki\u015fi bir \u015feyi saklanmak \u00fczere verirse, s\u00f6zle\u015fmede aksine bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a veya hepsinin r\u0131zas\u0131 olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, saklayan saklanan\u0131 onlardan birine geri vermekle sorumluluktan kurtulamaz.<\/p>

                                                                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                    c. Geri verme yeri<\/h3>

                                                                                                                    MADDE 566-\u00a0<\/strong>Saklanan, masraflar\u0131 ve hasar\u0131 saklatana ait olmak \u00fczere, korunmas\u0131 gereken yerde geri verilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                    1. Saklayanlar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                      MADDE 567-<\/strong>\u00a0Bir \u015feyi birlikte saklamak \u00fczere alanlar, m\u00fcteselsilen\u00a0<\/strong>sorumlu olurlar.<\/p>

                                                                                                                      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                      1. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin iddialar\u0131<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                        MADDE 568-<\/strong>\u00a0Bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi, saklanan \u00fczerinde ayni hak iddias\u0131nda bulunsa bile, saklanan haczedilmedik\u00e7e veya saklayana kar\u015f\u0131 istihkak davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a saklayan, onu saklatana geri vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                                                        Haciz konulmas\u0131 veya istihkak davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde saklayan, durumu hemen saklatana bildirmek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                        1. G\u00fcvenilirki\u015fiye b\u0131rakma<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                          MADDE 569-<\/strong>\u00a0Birden \u00e7ok ki\u015fi, haklar\u0131n\u0131 korumak \u00fczere, hukuki durumu \u00e7eki\u015fmeli veya belirsiz olan \u015feyi, bir g\u00fcvenilirki\u015fiye b\u0131rak\u0131rlarsa, bu ki\u015fi, saklatanlar\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131 veya h\u00e2kimin karar\u0131 olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, onu hi\u00e7birine geri veremez.<\/p>

                                                                                                                          \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                          1. Misl\u00ee \u015feylerin saklanmas\u0131<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                            MADDE 570-<\/strong>\u00a0Saklayan\u0131n kendisine b\u0131rak\u0131lan paray\u0131 aynen geri vermek zorunda olmaks\u0131z\u0131n mislen geri vermesi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a veya \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc olarak kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, o paran\u0131n yarar\u0131 ve hasar\u0131 kendisine ait olur.<\/p>

                                                                                                                            Paran\u0131n m\u00fch\u00fcrs\u00fcz ve a\u00e7\u0131k olarak b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc anla\u015fma say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                            Saklayan, saklatan taraf\u0131ndan kendisine a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yetki verilmedik\u00e7e, saklanan di\u011fer misl\u00ee e\u015fya veya k\u0131ymetli evrak \u00fczerinde tasarrufta bulunamaz.<\/p>

                                                                                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                            C. Ardiyeciye b\u0131rakma<\/h3>

                                                                                                                            I. Senet \u00e7\u0131karma<\/h3>

                                                                                                                            MADDE 571-<\/strong>\u00a0Saklamak \u00fczere ticari mal kabul etti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kamuya bildiren ardiyeci, saklat\u0131lan mal\u0131 temsil eden senet \u00e7\u0131karmaya izin verilmesini, yetkili makamdan isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                            1. Ardiyecinin saklama borcu<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                              MADDE 572-\u00a0<\/strong>Ardiyeci, kendisine b\u0131rak\u0131lan mallar\u0131 bir komisyoncu gibi \u00f6zenle saklamak ve mallarda ayr\u0131ca \u00f6nlem al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olursa, durumu imk\u00e2n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde saklatana bildirmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                                                              Ardiyeci, saklatana, mallar\u0131n durumunu incelemesi ve \u00f6rnek almas\u0131 i\u00e7in, al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f i\u015f zamanlar\u0131nda; gerekli koruma \u00f6nlemlerini alabilmesi i\u00e7in de her zaman izin vermek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                              \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                              III. B\u0131rak\u0131lan \u015feylerin kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                              MADDE 573-\u00a0<\/strong>Ardiyeci a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yetkili k\u0131l\u0131nmad\u0131k\u00e7a, ayn\u0131 t\u00fcr ve nitelikteki misl\u00ee \u015feyleri birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131ramaz.<\/p>

                                                                                                                              Yetkiye dayan\u0131larak kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan bu gibi \u015feyler \u00fczerinde, saklatanlardan her biri, hakk\u0131yla orant\u0131l\u0131 bir pay isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                              Bu durumda ardiyeci, saklatanlar\u0131n birlikte haz\u0131r bulunmas\u0131na gerek olmaks\u0131z\u0131n saklatanlardan her birinin pay\u0131n\u0131 ay\u0131rabilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                              \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                              1. Ardiyecinin haklar\u0131<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                MADDE 574-\u00a0<\/strong>Ardiyeci, kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f veya al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan ardiye \u00fccretini ve saklamadan do\u011fmayan bak\u0131m, ta\u015f\u0131ma ve g\u00fcmr\u00fck gibi b\u00fct\u00fcn giderlerini isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                Bu giderler hemen; ardiye \u00fccreti ise her \u00fc\u00e7 ayda bir ve her h\u00e2lde mallar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn veya bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn geri al\u0131nmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6denir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                Ardiyeci, mallara zilyet bulundu\u011fu veya e\u015fyay\u0131 temsil eden herhangi bir senet vas\u0131tas\u0131yla onlar \u00fczerinde tasarruf etme yetkisine sahip oldu\u011fu s\u00fcrece, alacaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in bu mallar \u00fczerinde hapis hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                1. Mallar\u0131n geri verilmesi<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                  MADDE 575<\/strong>– Ardiyeci, ticari mallar\u0131, genel saklama s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde oldu\u011fu gibi geri vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ancak, saklayan\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmede \u00f6ng\u00f6remeyece\u011fi sebeplerle, s\u00fcresinden \u00f6nce geri verme yetkisi bulundu\u011fu durumlarda bile ardiyeci, kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan s\u00fcrenin sonuna kadar mallar\u0131 korumak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                  1. Konaklama yeri, garaj, otopark ve benzeri yerleri i\u015fletenlere b\u0131rakma<\/strong><\/li>
                                                                                                                                  2. Konaklama yeri i\u015fletenlerin sorumlulu\u011fu<\/strong><\/li>
                                                                                                                                  3. Ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve kapsam\u0131<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                    MADDE 576-<\/strong>\u00a0Otel, motel, pansiyon, tatil k\u00f6y\u00fc gibi yerleri i\u015fletenler, konaklayanlar\u0131n getirdikleri e\u015fyan\u0131n yok olmas\u0131, zarara u\u011framas\u0131 veya \u00e7al\u0131nmas\u0131ndan sorumludurlar. Ancak i\u015fletenler, zarar\u0131n bizzat konaklayana veya onu ziyarete gelen ya da beraberinde veya hizmetinde bulunan kimseye y\u00fckletilebilecek kusurdan,\u00a0m\u00fccbir sebepten ya da e\u015fyan\u0131n niteli\u011finden do\u011fdu\u011funu ispat etmekle, bu sorumluluktan kurtulurlar.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                    Bu sorumluluk, i\u015fletenlere veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na bir kusur y\u00fcklenmedik\u00e7e, konaklayanlardan her biri i\u00e7in, g\u00fcnl\u00fck konaklama \u00fccretinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00a0<\/strong>kat\u0131n\u0131 a\u015famaz.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                    1. K\u0131ymetli e\u015fya<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                      MADDE 577-<\/strong>\u00a0K\u0131ymetli e\u015fya veya olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli miktarda para veya k\u0131ymetli evrak, i\u015fletene saklanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u0131rak\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa, i\u015fleten ancak kendisinin veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n kusuru h\u00e2linde sorumlu olur.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                      \u0130\u015fleten, bunlar\u0131 saklamak \u00fczere alm\u0131\u015f veya almaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nm\u0131\u015fsa, e\u015fyan\u0131n tam de\u011ferinden sorumludur.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                      Konaklayan\u0131n kendi yan\u0131nda saklamas\u0131 gereken e\u015fya ile para ve benzeri \u015feyler hakk\u0131nda, onun di\u011fer e\u015fyas\u0131na ili\u015fkin sorumluluk kural\u0131 uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                      1. Sorumlulu\u011fun kalkmas\u0131<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                        MADDE 578-<\/strong>\u00a0Konaklayan zarar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenir \u00f6\u011frenmez i\u015fletene bildirmezse, istem hakk\u0131n\u0131 kaybeder.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                        \u0130\u015fleten b\u00f6yle bir sorumluluk \u00fcstlenmedi\u011fini veya sorumlulu\u011fu bu Kanunda g\u00f6sterilmemi\u015f olan bir ko\u015fula ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, herhangi bir yolla ilan etse bile, sorumluluktan kurtulamaz.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                        II. Garaj, otopark ve benzeri yerleri i\u015fletenlerin sorumlulu\u011fu<\/h4>

                                                                                                                                        MADDE 579-<\/strong>\u00a0Garaj, otopark ve benzeri yerleri i\u015fletenler, kendilerine b\u0131rak\u0131lan veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131nca kabul edilen hayvan, at arabas\u0131, bunlara ait ko\u015fum ve benzeri e\u015fya ile motorlu ta\u015f\u0131t ve eklentilerinin yok olmas\u0131ndan, zarara u\u011framas\u0131ndan veya \u00e7al\u0131nmas\u0131ndan sorumludurlar. Ancak i\u015fletenler, zarar\u0131n saklatan veya ziyaret\u00e7isi ya da beraberinde veya hizmetinde bulunan kimseye y\u00fckletilebilecek kusurdan, m\u00fccbir sebepten ya da e\u015fyan\u0131n niteli\u011finden do\u011fdu\u011funu ispat etmekle, bu sorumluktan kurtulurlar.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                        Ancak, garaj, otopark ve benzeri yerleri\u00a0<\/strong>i\u015fletenlerin sorumlulu\u011fu, kendilerine veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na bir kusur y\u00fcklenmedik\u00e7e, saklananlar\u0131n her biri i\u00e7in al\u0131nan g\u00fcnl\u00fck saklama \u00fccretinin on kat\u0131n\u0131 a\u015famaz.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                        \u0130\u015fleten b\u00f6yle bir sorumluluk \u00fcstlenmedi\u011fini veya sorumlulu\u011fu bu Kanunda g\u00f6sterilmemi\u015f olan bir ko\u015fula ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, herhangi bir yolla ilan etse bile, sorumluluktan kurtulamaz.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                        \u00a0<\/h4>

                                                                                                                                        III. Hapis hakk\u0131<\/h4>

                                                                                                                                        MADDE 580-<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130\u015fletenler, kendilerine b\u0131rak\u0131lan veya konaklama yerlerine, garaj, otopark ve benzeri yerlere konulan e\u015fya veya hayvanlar \u00fczerinde, \u00fccretlerini veya saklama giderlerinden do\u011fan alacaklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvenceye almak i\u00e7in hapis hakk\u0131na sahiptirler.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                        Kiraya verenin hapis hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler, k\u0131yas yoluyla burada da uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                        ONBE\u015e\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                        Kefalet S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                        1. Tan\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                          MADDE 581-<\/strong>\u00a0Kefalet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, kefilin alacakl\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131, bor\u00e7lunun borcunu ifa etmemesinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan ki\u015fisel olarak sorumlu olmay\u0131 \u00fcstlendi\u011fi s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                          \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                          1. Ko\u015fullar\u0131<\/strong><\/li>
                                                                                                                                          2. As\u0131l bor\u00e7<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                            MADDE 582-<\/strong>\u00a0Kefalet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, mevcut ve ge\u00e7erli bir bor\u00e7 i\u00e7in yap\u0131labilir. Ancak, gelecekte do\u011facak veya ko\u015fula ba\u011fl\u0131 bir bor\u00e7 i\u00e7in de, bu bor\u00e7 do\u011fdu\u011funda veya ko\u015ful ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finde h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade etmek \u00fczere kefalet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kurulabilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                            Yan\u0131lma veya ehliyetsizlik sebebiyle bor\u00e7lunun sorumlu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir bor\u00e7 i\u00e7in ki\u015fisel g\u00fcvence veren ki\u015fi, y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck alt\u0131na girdi\u011fi s\u0131rada, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi sakatlayan eksikli\u011fi biliyorsa, kefaletle ilgili kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re sorumlu olur. Ayn\u0131 kural, bor\u00e7lu y\u00f6n\u00fcnden zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015f bir borca kefil olan ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda da uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                            Kanundan aksi anla\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a kefil, bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde kendisine tan\u0131nan haklardan \u00f6nceden feragat edemez.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                            \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                            II. \u015eekil<\/p>

                                                                                                                                            MADDE 583-<\/strong>\u00a0Kefalet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a ve kefilin sorumlu olaca\u011f\u0131 azam\u00ee miktar ile kefalet tarihi belirtilmedik\u00e7e ge\u00e7erli olmaz. Kefilin, sorumlu oldu\u011fu azam\u00ee miktar\u0131, kefalet tarihini ve m\u00fcteselsil kefil olmas\u0131 durumunda, bu s\u0131fatla veya bu anlama gelen herhangi bir ifadeyle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck alt\u0131na girdi\u011fini kefalet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde kendi el yaz\u0131s\u0131yla belirtmesi \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                            Kendi ad\u0131na kefil olma konusunda \u00f6zel yetki verilmesi ve di\u011fer tarafa veya bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye kefil olma vaadinde bulunulmas\u0131 da ayn\u0131 \u015fekil ko\u015fullar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Taraflar, yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekle uyarak kefilin sorumlulu\u011funu borcun belirli bir miktar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmay\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131rabilirler.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                            Kefalet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde sonradan yap\u0131lan ve kefilin sorumlulu\u011funu art\u0131ran de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, kefalet i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u015fekle uyulmad\u0131k\u00e7a h\u00fck\u00fcm do\u011furmaz.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                            III. E\u015fin r\u0131zas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                            MADDE 584-\u00a0<\/strong>E\u015flerden biri mahkemece verilmi\u015f bir ayr\u0131l\u0131k karar\u0131 olmad\u0131k\u00e7a veya yasal olarak ayr\u0131 ya\u015fama hakk\u0131 do\u011fmad\u0131k\u00e7a, ancak di\u011ferinin yaz\u0131l\u0131 r\u0131zas\u0131yla kefil olabilir; bu r\u0131zan\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce ya da en ge\u00e7 kurulmas\u0131 an\u0131nda verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                            Kefalet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde sonradan yap\u0131lan ve kefilin sorumlu olaca\u011f\u0131 miktar\u0131n artmas\u0131na veya adi kefaletin m\u00fcteselsil kefalete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesine ya da kefil yarar\u0131na olan g\u00fcvencelerin \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalmas\u0131na sebep olmayan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler i\u00e7in e\u015fin r\u0131zas\u0131 gerekmez.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                            (Ek f\u0131kra: 28\/3\/2013-6455\/77 md.)\u00a0<\/strong>Ticaret siciline kay\u0131tl\u0131 ticari i\u015fletmenin sahibi veya ticaret \u015firketinin ortak ya da y\u00f6neticisi taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fletme veya \u015firketle ilgili olarak verilecek kefaletler, mesleki faaliyetleri ile ilgili olarak esnaf ve sanatk\u00e2rlar siciline kay\u0131tl\u0131 esnaf veya sanatk\u00e2rlar taraf\u0131ndan verilecek kefaletler, 27\/12\/2006 tarihli ve 5570 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamu Sermayeli Bankalar Taraf\u0131ndan Y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen Faiz Destekli Kredi Kulland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun kapsam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lacak kredilerde verilecek kefaletler ile tar\u0131m kredi, tar\u0131m sat\u0131\u015f ve esnaf ve sanatk\u00e2rlar kredi ve kefalet kooperatifleri ile kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131nca kooperatif ortaklar\u0131na kulland\u0131r\u0131lacak kredilerde verilecek kefaletler i\u00e7in e\u015fin r\u0131zas\u0131 aranmaz.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                            1. \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi<\/strong><\/li>
                                                                                                                                            2. T\u00fcrlerine g\u00f6re<\/strong><\/li>
                                                                                                                                            3. Adi kefalet<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                              MADDE 585-<\/strong>\u00a0Adi kefalette alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7luya ba\u015fvurmad\u0131k\u00e7a, kefili takip edemez; ancak, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki h\u00e2llerde do\u011frudan do\u011fruya kefile ba\u015fvurabilir:<\/p>

                                                                                                                                              1. Bor\u00e7lu aleyhine yap\u0131lan takibin sonucunda kesin aciz belgesi al\u0131nmas\u0131.<\/li>
                                                                                                                                              2. Bor\u00e7lu aleyhine T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de takibat\u0131n imk\u00e2ns\u0131z h\u00e2le gelmesi veya \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015fmesi.<\/li>
                                                                                                                                              3. Bor\u00e7lunun iflas\u0131na karar verilmesi.<\/li>
                                                                                                                                              4. Bor\u00e7luya konkordato mehli verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131.<\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                Alacak, kefaletten \u00f6nce veya kefalet s\u0131ras\u0131nda rehinle de g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fsa, adi kefalette kefil, alaca\u011f\u0131n \u00f6ncelikle rehin konusundan al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilir. Ancak, bor\u00e7lunun iflas\u0131na veya kendisine konkordato mehli verilmesine karar verilmi\u015fse, bu h\u00fck\u00fcm uygulanmaz.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                Sadece a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kefil olunmu\u015fsa, bor\u00e7lu aleyhine yap\u0131lan takibin kesin aciz belgesi al\u0131nmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131 veya bor\u00e7lu aleyhine T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de takibat\u0131n imk\u00e2ns\u0131z h\u00e2le gelmesi ya da konkordatonun kesinle\u015fmesi durumlar\u0131nda, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya kefile ba\u015fvurulabilir. S\u00f6zle\u015fmede, bu durumlarda alacakl\u0131n\u0131n, \u00f6nce as\u0131l bor\u00e7luya ba\u015fvurmak zorunda oldu\u011fu kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                1. M\u00fcteselsil kefalet<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                  MADDE 586-<\/strong>\u00a0Kefil, m\u00fcteselsil kefil s\u0131fat\u0131yla veya bu anlama gelen herhangi bir ifadeyle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck alt\u0131na girmeyi kabul etmi\u015fse alacakl\u0131, bor\u00e7luyu takip etmeden veya ta\u015f\u0131nmaz rehnini paraya \u00e7evirmeden kefili takip edebilir. Ancak, bunun i\u00e7in bor\u00e7lunun, ifada gecikmesi ve ihtar\u0131n sonu\u00e7suz kalmas\u0131 veya a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u00f6deme g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7inde olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                  Alacak, teslime ba\u011fl\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r rehni veya alacak rehni ile g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fsa, rehnin paraya \u00e7evrilmesinden \u00f6nce kefile ba\u015fvurulamaz. Ancak, alaca\u011f\u0131n rehnin paraya \u00e7evrilmesi yoluyla tamamen kar\u015f\u0131lanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nceden h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan belirlenmesi veya bor\u00e7lunun iflas etmesi ya da konkordato mehli verilmesi h\u00e2llerinde, rehnin paraya \u00e7evrilmesinden \u00f6nce de kefile ba\u015fvurulabilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                  1. Birlikte kefalet<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                    MADDE 587-<\/strong>\u00a0Birden \u00e7ok ki\u015fi, ayn\u0131 borca birlikte kefil olduklar\u0131 takdirde, her biri kendi pay\u0131 i\u00e7in adi kefil gibi, di\u011ferlerinin pay\u0131 i\u00e7in de kefile kefil gibi sorumlu olur.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                    Bor\u00e7luyla birlikte veya kendi aralar\u0131nda m\u00fcteselsil kefil olarak y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck alt\u0131na giren kefillerden her biri, borcun tamam\u0131ndan sorumlu olur. Ancak, bir kefil, kendisiyle birlikte daha \u00f6nce veya ayn\u0131 zamanda m\u00fcteselsilen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc bulunan ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de takip edilebilen b\u00fct\u00fcn kefillere kar\u015f\u0131 takibe giri\u015filmi\u015f olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, kendi pay\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demekten ka\u00e7\u0131nabilir. Bir kefil, bu hakk\u0131, di\u011fer kefillerin kendi paylar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demi\u015f veya ayni g\u00fcvence sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131 durumunda da kullanabilir.\u00a0<\/strong>Aksine anla\u015fmalar sakl\u0131 kalmak kayd\u0131yla, borcu \u00f6deyen kefil, kendi paylar\u0131n\u0131 daha \u00f6nce \u00f6dememi\u015f olmalar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde, di\u011fer kefillere kar\u015f\u0131 r\u00fccu hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Bu hak, bor\u00e7luya r\u00fccudan \u00f6nce de kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                    Alacakl\u0131, kefilin ayn\u0131 alacak i\u00e7in ba\u015fka ki\u015filerin de kefil oldu\u011funu veya olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 varsayarak kefalet etti\u011fini biliyor veya bilmesi gerekiyorsa, bu varsay\u0131m\u0131n sonradan ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemesi veya kefillerden birinin alacakl\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kefalet borcundan kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131 ya da kefaletinin h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz oldu\u011funa karar verilmesi durumunda kefil, kefalet borcundan kurtulur.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                    Birbirlerinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak ayn\u0131 bor\u00e7 i\u00e7in kefil olanlardan her biri, kefalet borcunun tamam\u0131ndan sorumlu olur. Ancak, borcu \u00f6deyen kefil aksine anla\u015fma olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, di\u011ferlerine toplam kefalet miktar\u0131ndaki pay\u0131 oran\u0131nda r\u00fccu hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                                    1. Kefile kefil ve r\u00fccua kefil<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                      MADDE 588-<\/strong>\u00a0Alacakl\u0131ya, kefilin borcu i\u00e7in g\u00fcvence veren kefile kefil, kefil ile birlikte, adi kefil gibi sorumludur.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                      R\u00fccua kefil, kefilin bor\u00e7ludan r\u00fccu alaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fcvence veren kefildir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                      II. Ortak h\u00fck\u00fcmler<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                      1. Kefil ile alacakl\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                      a. Sorumlulu\u011fun kapsam\u0131<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                      MADDE 589-\u00a0Kefil, her durumda kefalet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde belirtilen azam\u00ee miktara kadar sorumludur.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                      Aksi s\u00f6zle\u015fmede kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa kefil, belirtilen azam\u00ee miktarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmak \u00fczere, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden sorumludur:<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                      1. As\u0131l bor\u00e7 ile bor\u00e7lunun kusur veya temerr\u00fcd\u00fcn\u00fcn yasal sonu\u00e7lar\u0131.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                      2. Alacakl\u0131n\u0131n, kefile, onun borcu \u00f6deyerek yap\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyebilece\u011fi uygun bir zaman \u00f6nce bildirmesi ko\u015fuluyla, bor\u00e7luya kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6neltti\u011fi takip ve davalar\u0131n masraflar\u0131 ile gerekti\u011finde rehinlerin kefile tesliminin ve rehin haklar\u0131n\u0131n devrinin sebep oldu\u011fu masraflar.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                      3. \u0130\u015flemi\u015f bir y\u0131ll\u0131k ve i\u015flemekte olan y\u0131la ait akd\u00ee faizler ile gerekti\u011finde tahvil kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 verilen anaparan\u0131n i\u015flemi\u015f bir y\u0131ll\u0131k ve i\u015flemekte olan y\u0131la ait faizleri.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                      S\u00f6zle\u015fmede a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa kefil, bor\u00e7lunun sadece kefalet\u00a0s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin kurulmas\u0131ndan sonraki\u00a0bor\u00e7lar\u0131ndan sorumludur.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                      Kefilin, as\u0131l bor\u00e7 ili\u015fkisinin h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz h\u00e2le gelmesinin sebep oldu\u011fu zarardan ve ceza ko\u015fulundan sorumlu olaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin anla\u015fmalar kesin olarak h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                      1. Kefilin takibi<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                        MADDE 590-<\/strong>\u00a0Bor\u00e7lunun iflas\u0131 sebebiyle as\u0131l bor\u00e7 daha \u00f6nce muaccel olsa bile, belirlenen vadeden \u00f6nce kefile kar\u015f\u0131 takibat yap\u0131lamaz.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                        B\u00fct\u00fcn kefalet t\u00fcrlerinde kefil, ayni g\u00fcvence kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda h\u00e2kimden, mevcut rehinler paraya \u00e7evrilinceye ve bor\u00e7lu aleyhine yap\u0131lan takip sonucunda kesin aciz belgesi al\u0131n\u0131ncaya veya konkordato karar\u0131na kadar kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6neltilen takibin durdurulmas\u0131na karar verilmesini isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                        As\u0131l borcun muaccel olmas\u0131, alacakl\u0131 veya bor\u00e7lunun \u00f6nceden s\u00fcre i\u00e7eren bildirimde bulunmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131ysa, kefalet borcu i\u00e7in bu s\u00fcre, bildirimin kefile yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte i\u015flemeye ba\u015flar.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                        Yerle\u015fim yeri yabanc\u0131 bir \u00fclkede olan bor\u00e7lunun borcunu \u00f6demesi, d\u00f6viz i\u015flemleri veya havale ile ilgili yasaklar\u00a0<\/strong>gibi sebeplerle, o yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkenin yasal d\u00fczenlemeleri gere\u011fi imk\u00e2ns\u0131z h\u00e2le gelmi\u015f veya s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, yerle\u015fim yeri T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de olan kefil, takibe bu sebeple itiraz edebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                        \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                                        1. Def\u2019iler<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                          MADDE 591-<\/strong>\u00a0Kefil, as\u0131l bor\u00e7luya veya miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na ait olan ve as\u0131l bor\u00e7lunun \u00f6deme g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden do\u011fmayan b\u00fct\u00fcn def\u2019ileri alacakl\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrme hakk\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu gibi, bunlar\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrmek zorundad\u0131r. Yan\u0131lma veya s\u00f6zle\u015fme yapma ehliyetsizli\u011fi ya da zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015f bir bor\u00e7 sebebiyle bor\u00e7lunun y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir borca bilerek kefalet h\u00e2li bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                          As\u0131l bor\u00e7lu kendisine ait olan bir def\u2019iden vazge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa bile kefil, yine de bu def\u2019i\u00ee alacakl\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                          Kefil, as\u0131l bor\u00e7luya ait def\u2019ilerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmeksizin \u00f6demede bulunursa, r\u00fccu hakk\u0131na sahip olur. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k as\u0131l bor\u00e7lu, kefilin bu def\u2019ileri bildi\u011fini veya bilmesi gerekti\u011fini ispat ederse kefil, bunlar ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olsayd\u0131 \u00f6demeden kurtulaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde r\u00fccu hakk\u0131n\u0131 kaybeder.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                          Kumar veya bahisten do\u011fan bir borca kefalette kefil, borcun bu niteli\u011fini bilmi\u015f olsa bile, as\u0131l bor\u00e7lunun sahip oldu\u011fu def\u2019ileri ileri s\u00fcrebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                          \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                          1. \u00d6zen g\u00f6sterme, rehin ve bor\u00e7 senetlerinin teslimi<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                            MADDE 592-<\/strong>\u00a0Alacakl\u0131, kefalet s\u0131ras\u0131nda var olan veya daha sonra as\u0131l bor\u00e7ludan alaca\u011f\u0131n \u00f6zel g\u00fcvencesi olmak \u00fczere elde etti\u011fi rehin haklar\u0131n\u0131, g\u00fcvenceyi ve r\u00fc\u00e7han haklar\u0131n\u0131 kefilin zarar\u0131na olarak azalt\u0131rsa, zarar\u0131n daha az oldu\u011fu alacakl\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ispat edilmedik\u00e7e, kefilin sorumlulu\u011fu da buna uygun d\u00fc\u015fen bir miktarda azal\u0131r. Kefilin fazladan \u00f6dedi\u011fi miktar\u0131n geri verilmesini isteme hakk\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                            \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlara kefalet h\u00e2linde alacakl\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar \u00fczerinde y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetimi ihmal eder veya kendisinden beklenebilen \u00f6zeni g\u00f6stermezse ve bor\u00e7 da bu sebeple do\u011fmu\u015f ya da bu \u00f6zeni g\u00f6stermesi h\u00e2linde ula\u015famayaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artm\u0131\u015f olursa, bu borcu veya borcun artan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kefilden isteyemez.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                            Alacakl\u0131, borcu \u00f6deyen kefile haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131na yarayabilecek bor\u00e7 senetlerini teslim etmek ve gerekli bilgileri vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Alacakl\u0131, kefalet s\u0131ras\u0131nda var olan veya as\u0131l bor\u00e7lu taraf\u0131ndan alacak i\u00e7in sonradan sa\u011flanan rehinleri ve di\u011fer g\u00fcvenceleri de kefile teslim etmek veya bunlar\u0131n devri i\u00e7in gerekli i\u015flemleri yapmak zorundad\u0131r. Alacakl\u0131n\u0131n, di\u011fer alacaklar\u0131 sebebiyle sahip oldu\u011fu rehin ve hapis haklar\u0131, kefilin haklar\u0131ndan s\u0131raca \u00f6nce geldikleri \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                            Alacakl\u0131, hakl\u0131 bir sebep olmaks\u0131z\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini yerine getirmez, a\u011f\u0131r kusuruyla\u00a0<\/strong>mevcut belgeleri veya rehinleri ya da sorumlu oldu\u011fu di\u011fer g\u00fcvenceleri elinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rsa, kefil borcundan kurtulur. Bu durumda kefil, \u00f6dedi\u011finin geri verilmesini ve varsa ek zarar\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesini isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                            1. \u00d6demenin kabul\u00fcn\u00fc isteme<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                              MADDE 593-<\/strong>\u00a0Bor\u00e7lunun iflas\u0131\u00a0sebebiyle olsa bile, bor\u00e7 muaccel oldu\u011fu\u00a0takdirde kefil, alacakl\u0131dan yapaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6demeyi kabul etmesini her zaman isteyebilir. Bir borca birden \u00e7ok ki\u015finin kefil olmas\u0131 durumunda alacakl\u0131, kefillerden biri taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak k\u0131smi \u00f6demeyi, bunu \u00f6neren kefile d\u00fc\u015fen paydan az olmamak ko\u015fuluyla, kabul etmek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                              Alacakl\u0131 hakl\u0131 bir sebep olmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6demeyi kabul etmekten ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131rsa, kefil borcundan kurtulur; birlikte m\u00fcteselsil kefalette ise, kefillerin sorumlulu\u011fu kendilerine d\u00fc\u015fen pay miktar\u0131nca azal\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                              Alacakl\u0131n\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131 varsa kefil, as\u0131l borcu muaccel olmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce de \u00f6deyebilir. Ancak, bu durumda kefil, as\u0131l bor\u00e7luya kar\u015f\u0131 r\u00fccu hakk\u0131n\u0131 borcun muaccel olmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce kullanamaz.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                              \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                              1. Bildirim, iflasta ve konkordatoda kay\u0131t<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                MADDE 594-<\/strong>\u00a0As\u0131l bor\u00e7lu, anaparan\u0131n veya yar\u0131m y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6neme ait faizin \u00f6denmesinde ya da y\u0131ldan y\u0131la yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen anapara \u00f6demelerinde alt\u0131 ay gecikirse, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n durumu kefile bildirmesi gerekir. \u0130stek h\u00e2linde alacakl\u0131, her zaman as\u0131l borcun kapsam\u0131 hakk\u0131nda kefile bilgi vermek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                As\u0131l bor\u00e7lunun iflas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015f veya bor\u00e7lu konkordato istemi\u015fse alacakl\u0131, alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydettirmek ve haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekeni yapmak\u00a0zorundad\u0131r. Alacakl\u0131n\u0131n, bor\u00e7lunun iflas etti\u011fini veya bor\u00e7luya konkordato mehli verildi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi anda, durumu kefile bildirmesi gerekir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                Alacakl\u0131, yukar\u0131daki f\u0131kralarda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen gereklerden birini yerine getirmezse, bundan dolay\u0131 kefilin u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarar miktar\u0131nca ona kar\u015f\u0131 haklar\u0131n\u0131 kaybeder.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                1. Kefil ile bor\u00e7lu aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki<\/strong><\/li>
                                                                                                                                                                2. G\u00fcvence verilmesini ve bor\u00e7tan kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteme hakk\u0131<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                  MADDE 595-<\/strong>\u00a0Kefil, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki durumlarda as\u0131l bor\u00e7ludan g\u00fcvence verilmesini ve bor\u00e7 muaccel olmu\u015fsa, bor\u00e7tan kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilir:<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                  1. As\u0131l bor\u00e7lu, kefile kar\u015f\u0131 \u00fcstlendi\u011fi y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklere, \u00f6zellikle belli bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde kendisini bor\u00e7tan kurtarma vaadine ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranm\u0131\u015fsa.<\/li>
                                                                                                                                                                  2. As\u0131l bor\u00e7lu temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fse veya yerle\u015fim yerini di\u011fer bir \u00fclkeye nakletmesi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden takibat \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015fmi\u015fse.<\/li>
                                                                                                                                                                  3. As\u0131l bor\u00e7lunun mali durumunun k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fmesi, g\u00fcvencelerin de\u011fer kaybetmesi veya bor\u00e7lunun kusuru sonucunda kefil i\u00e7in mevcut tehlike, kefaletin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihe g\u00f6re \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artm\u0131\u015fsa.<\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                    1. Kefilin r\u00fccu hakk\u0131<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                      MADDE 596-<\/strong>\u00a0Kefil, alacakl\u0131ya ifada bulundu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde, onun haklar\u0131na halef olur. Kefil, bu haklar\u0131 as\u0131l bor\u00e7 muaccel olunca kullanabilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                      Kefil, aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa, rehin haklar\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 alacak i\u00e7in sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f di\u011fer g\u00fcvencelerden sadece kefalet an\u0131nda var olan veya bizzat as\u0131l bor\u00e7lu taraf\u0131ndan, sonradan \u00f6zellikle bu alacak i\u00e7in verilmi\u015f bulunanlara halef olur. Alacakl\u0131ya k\u0131smen ifada bulunan kefil, rehin hakk\u0131n\u0131n sadece bunu kar\u015f\u0131layan k\u0131sm\u0131na halef olur. Alacakl\u0131n\u0131n rehin konusu \u00fczerinde geriye kalan alacak hakk\u0131, kefilin rehin hakk\u0131ndan \u00f6n s\u0131rada gelir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                      Kefil ile as\u0131l bor\u00e7lu aras\u0131ndaki hukuki ili\u015fkiden do\u011fan istem ve def\u2019iler sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                      Bir alaca\u011f\u0131n g\u00fcvencesini olu\u015fturan rehin paraya \u00e7evrildi\u011fi veya bor\u00e7 rehin veren malik taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6dendi\u011fi takdirde malik, kefile kar\u015f\u0131 r\u00fccu hakk\u0131n\u0131, ancak kefil ile kendisi aras\u0131nda b\u00f6yle bir anla\u015fma varsa ya da rehin sonradan bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan verilmi\u015fse kullanabilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                      Kefilin r\u00fccu hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131, kefilin alacakl\u0131ya ifada bulundu\u011fu anda i\u015flemeye ba\u015flar.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                      Kefil, dava hakk\u0131 vermeyen veya yan\u0131lma ya da ehliyetsizlik sebebiyle as\u0131l bor\u00e7luyu ba\u011flamayan bir bor\u00e7 i\u00e7in \u00f6demede bulundu\u011fu takdirde, as\u0131l bor\u00e7luya kar\u015f\u0131 r\u00fccu hakk\u0131na sahip de\u011fildir. Ancak, kefil zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015f bir as\u0131l bor\u00e7tan sorumlu olmay\u0131 bor\u00e7lunun vekili s\u0131fat\u0131yla \u00fcstlenmi\u015fse as\u0131l bor\u00e7lu, ona kar\u015f\u0131 vek\u00e2let s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca sorumlu olur.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                      1. Kefilin bildirim y\u00fck\u00fc<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                        MADDE 597-\u00a0<\/strong>Borcu tamamen veya k\u0131smen \u00f6deyen kefil, durumu bor\u00e7luya bildirmek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                        Kefil, bu bildirimde bulunmazsa ve \u00f6demeyi bilmeyen veya bilmesi gerekmeyen bor\u00e7lu da alacakl\u0131ya ifada bulunursa, r\u00fccu hakk\u0131n\u0131 kaybeder.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                        Kefilin, alacakl\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 sebepsiz zenginle\u015fmeden do\u011fan dava hakk\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                        D. Sona ermesi<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                        I. Kanun gere\u011fince<\/h3>

                                                                                                                                                                        MADDE 598-<\/strong>\u00a0Hangi sebeple olursa olsun, as\u0131l bor\u00e7 sona erince, kefil de borcundan kurtulur.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                        Bor\u00e7lu ve kefil s\u0131fat\u0131 ayn\u0131 ki\u015fide birle\u015fmi\u015f olursa, alacakl\u0131 i\u00e7in kefaletten do\u011fan \u00f6zel yararlar sakl\u0131 kal\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                        Bir ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan verilmi\u015f olan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc kefalet, buna ili\u015fkin s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak on y\u0131l\u0131n ge\u00e7mesiyle kendili\u011finden ortadan kalkar.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                        Kefalet, on y\u0131ldan fazla bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in verilmi\u015f olsa bile, uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f veya yeni bir kefalet verilmi\u015f olmad\u0131k\u00e7a kefil, ancak on y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre doluncaya kadar takip edilebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                        Kefalet s\u00fcresi, en erken kefaletin sona ermesinden bir y\u0131l \u00f6nce yap\u0131lmak kayd\u0131yla, kefilin kefalet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin \u015fekline uygun yaz\u0131l\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131yla, azam\u00ee on y\u0131ll\u0131k yeni bir d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in uzat\u0131labilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                        1. Kefaletten d\u00f6nme<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                          MADDE 599-<\/strong>\u00a0Gelecekte do\u011facak bir borca kefalette, bor\u00e7lunun borcun do\u011fumundan \u00f6nceki mali durumu, kefalet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bozulmu\u015fsa veya mali durumunun,\u00a0kefalet s\u0131ras\u0131nda kefilin iyiniyetle varsayd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha k\u00f6t\u00fc oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015fsa, kefil alacakl\u0131ya yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir bildirimde bulunarak, bor\u00e7 do\u011fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece\u00a0<\/strong>her zaman kefalet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden d\u00f6nebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                          Kefil, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n kefalete g\u00fcvenmesi sebebiyle u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarar\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                          \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                          III. S\u00fcreli kefalette<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                          MADDE 600<\/strong>– S\u00fcreli kefalette kefil, s\u00fcrenin sonunda borcundan kurtulur.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                          1. S\u00fcreli olmayan kefalette<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                            MADDE 601-<\/strong>\u00a0S\u00fcreli olmayan kefalette kefil, as\u0131l bor\u00e7 muaccel olunca, adi kefalette her zaman ve m\u00fcteselsil kefalette ise, kanunun \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00e2llerde, alacakl\u0131dan, bir ay i\u00e7inde bor\u00e7luya kar\u015f\u0131 dava ve takip haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131n\u0131, varsa rehnin paraya \u00e7evrilmesi yoluyla takibe ge\u00e7mesini ve ara vermeden takibe devam etmesini isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                            Bor\u00e7, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n bor\u00e7luya yapaca\u011f\u0131 bildirim sonucunda muaccel olacaksa kefil, kefalet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin kuruldu\u011fu tarihten bir y\u0131l sonra alacakl\u0131dan, bu bildirimi yapmas\u0131n\u0131 ve bor\u00e7 bu suretle muaccel olunca, yukar\u0131daki f\u0131kra h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca takip ve dava haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                            Alacakl\u0131, kefilin bu istemlerini yerine getirmezse, kefil borcundan kurtulur.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                            V. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlara kefalette<\/h3>

                                                                                                                                                                            MADDE 602-<\/strong>\u00a0\u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlara s\u00fcreli olmayan kefalette kefil, her \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131lda bir, ertesi y\u0131l\u0131n sonunda ge\u00e7erli olmak \u00fczere s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi feshetti\u011fini bildirebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                            1. Uygulama alan\u0131<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                              MADDE 603-<\/strong>\u00a0Kefaletin \u015fekline, kefil olma ehliyetine ve e\u015fin r\u0131zas\u0131na ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler, ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filerce, ki\u015fisel g\u00fcvence verilmesine ili\u015fkin olarak ba\u015fka ad alt\u0131nda yap\u0131lan di\u011fer s\u00f6zle\u015fmelere de uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                              \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                              ONALTINCI B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                              Kumar ve Bahis<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                              1. Alaca\u011f\u0131n dava ve takip edilememesi<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                MADDE 604-<\/strong>\u00a0Kumar ve bahisten do\u011fan alacak hakk\u0131nda dava a\u00e7\u0131lamaz ve takip yap\u0131lamaz.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                Kumar veya bahis i\u00e7in bilerek verilen avanslar ve \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 paralar ile kumar ve bahis niteli\u011finde olduklar\u0131 takdirde, borsada i\u015flem g\u00f6ren mallar\u0131n, yabanc\u0131 paralar\u0131n ve k\u0131ymetli evrak\u0131n fiyat fark\u0131 esas\u0131 \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan vadeli sat\u0131\u015flar hakk\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                1. Bor\u00e7 senedi verme ve isteyerek \u00f6deme<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                  MADDE 605-<\/strong>\u00a0Kumar oynayan veya bahse giren ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan imzalanm\u0131\u015f adi bor\u00e7 veya kambiyo senedi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015fiye devredilmi\u015f olsa bile, hi\u00e7bir kimse bunlara dayanarak dava a\u00e7amaz ve takip yapamaz. K\u0131ymetli evrak\u0131n iyiniyetli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 haklar sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                  Kumar ve bahis borcu i\u00e7in isteyerek yap\u0131lan \u00f6demeler geri al\u0131namaz. Ancak, kumar veya bahsin usul\u00fcne g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi beklenmedik olayla veya di\u011fer taraf\u0131n fiiliyle engellenmi\u015fse ya da di\u011fer taraf kumar veya bahse hile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015fsa, isteyerek yap\u0131lan \u00f6deme geri al\u0131nabilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                  \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                  C. Piyango ve di\u011fer \u015fans oyunlar\u0131<\/h4>

                                                                                                                                                                                  MADDE 606-<\/strong>\u00a0D\u00fczenlenmesine kanun veya yetkili makamlarca izin verilmi\u015f olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, piyango ve di\u011fer \u015fans oyunlar\u0131ndan do\u011fan alacaklar hakk\u0131nda dava a\u00e7\u0131lamaz ve takip yap\u0131lamaz.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                  \u0130zin verilmemi\u015f olan durumlarda, piyango ve di\u011fer \u015fans oyunlar\u0131 i\u00e7in de kumara ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                  Yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerde kendi kurallar\u0131na uygun olarak d\u00fczenlenen piyango ve di\u011fer \u015fans oyunlar\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yetkili makamlarca bunlara ait biletlerin sat\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verilmi\u015f olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, yasal korumadan yararlanamazlar.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                  ONYED\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                  \u00d6m\u00fcr Boyu Gelir ve \u00d6l\u00fcnceye Kadar Bakma S\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                  B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 AYIRIM<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                  \u00d6m\u00fcr Boyu Gelir S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Tan\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                    MADDE 607-<\/strong>\u00a0\u00d6m\u00fcr boyu gelir s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, gelir bor\u00e7lusunun gelir alacakl\u0131s\u0131na, i\u00e7lerinden birinin veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015finin \u00f6mr\u00fc boyunca belirli d\u00f6nemsel edimlerde bulunmay\u0131 \u00fcstlendi\u011fi s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                    S\u00f6zle\u015fme, aksine a\u00e7\u0131k bir h\u00fck\u00fcm yoksa, gelir alacakl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6mr\u00fc boyunca yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                    Gelir bor\u00e7lusunun veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015finin \u00f6mr\u00fcyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olan gelir, aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa gelir alacakl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na ge\u00e7er.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                    1. \u015eekli<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                      MADDE 608-<\/strong>\u00a0\u00d6m\u00fcr boyu gelir s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a ge\u00e7erli olmaz.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Gelir alacakl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131<\/strong><\/li>
                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                        MADDE 609-\u00a0<\/strong>S\u00f6zle\u015fmede aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu gelir, her alt\u0131 ayda bir ve pe\u015fin olarak \u00f6denir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                        Gelirin s\u00fcresi \u00f6mr\u00fcne ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olan ki\u015fi, pe\u015fin \u00f6deme \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen d\u00f6nemin sona ermesinden \u00f6nce \u00f6lse bile, o d\u00f6neme ait gelirin tamam\u0131 gelir bor\u00e7lusu taraf\u0131ndan bor\u00e7lan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                        Gelir bor\u00e7lusu iflas ederse, gelir alacakl\u0131s\u0131, gelir bor\u00e7lusunun y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemsel gelirin elde edilebilmesi i\u00e7in ilgili sosyal g\u00fcvenlik kurumunca \u00f6denmesi gereken anaparaya denk d\u00fc\u015fen bir paray\u0131 iflas masas\u0131na kaydettirme hakk\u0131n\u0131 elde eder.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Devredilebilmesi<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                          MADDE 610-<\/strong>\u00a0S\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa gelir alacakl\u0131s\u0131, haklar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fkas\u0131na devredebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                          \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                          \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 AYIRIM<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                          \u00d6l\u00fcnceye Kadar Bakma S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Tan\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                            MADDE 611-<\/strong>\u00a0\u00d6l\u00fcnceye kadar bakma s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, bak\u0131m bor\u00e7lusunun bak\u0131m alacakl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcnceye kadar bak\u0131p g\u00f6zetmeyi, bak\u0131m alacakl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n da\u00a0<\/strong>bir malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 veya baz\u0131 malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlerini ona devretme borcunu \u00fcstlendi\u011fi s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                            Bak\u0131m bor\u00e7lusu, bak\u0131m alacakl\u0131s\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan miras\u00e7\u0131 atanm\u0131\u015fsa, \u00f6l\u00fcnceye kadar bakma s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine miras s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                            1. \u015eekli<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                              MADDE 612-\u00a0<\/strong>\u00d6l\u00fcnceye kadar bakma\u00a0s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, miras\u00e7\u0131 atanmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ermese\u00a0bile, miras s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi \u015feklinde yap\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a ge\u00e7erli olmaz.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                              S\u00f6zle\u015fme, Devlet\u00e7e tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir bak\u0131m kurumu taraf\u0131ndan yetkili makamlar\u0131n belirledi\u011fi ko\u015fullara uyularak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi i\u00e7in yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekil yeterlidir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                              \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                              1. G\u00fcvencesi<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                                MADDE 613-<\/strong>\u00a0Bak\u0131m bor\u00e7lusuna bir ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n\u0131 devretmi\u015f olan bak\u0131m alacakl\u0131s\u0131, haklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak \u00fczere, bu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerinde sat\u0131c\u0131 gibi yasal ipotek hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                D. Konusu<\/h4>

                                                                                                                                                                                                MADDE 614-<\/strong>\u00a0Bak\u0131m alacakl\u0131s\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131yla bak\u0131m bor\u00e7lusunun aile toplulu\u011funa kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur. Bak\u0131m bor\u00e7lusu, alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu mallar\u0131n de\u011ferine ve bak\u0131m alacakl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n daha \u00f6nce sahip oldu\u011fu sosyal durumuna g\u00f6re hakkaniyetin gerektirdi\u011fi edimleri, bak\u0131m alacakl\u0131s\u0131na ifa etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                Bak\u0131m bor\u00e7lusu, bak\u0131m alacakl\u0131s\u0131na \u00f6zellikle uygun g\u0131da ve konut sa\u011flamak, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131nda gerekli \u00f6zenle bakmak ve onu tedavi ettirmek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                Kabul ettikleri ki\u015filere \u00f6l\u00fcnceye kadar bakma amac\u0131yla kurulmu\u015f olan kurumlar\u0131n bak\u0131m borcunun kapsam\u0131 ve ifas\u0131, kendilerince haz\u0131rlanarak yetkili makamlar\u0131n onay\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en genel d\u00fczenlemelerle belirlenir. Bu d\u00fczenlemeler, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin i\u00e7eri\u011finden say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                E. \u0130ptali ve tenkisi<\/h4>

                                                                                                                                                                                                MADDE 615-<\/strong>\u00a0Bak\u0131m alacakl\u0131s\u0131, \u00f6l\u00fcnceye kadar bakma s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden kanuna g\u00f6re nafaka y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcs\u00fc oldu\u011fu ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yerine getirme imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 kaybediyorsa, bundan yoksun kalanlar s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin iptalini isteyebilirler.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                H\u00e2kim, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin iptali yerine, bak\u0131m bor\u00e7lusunun ifa edece\u011fi edimlerden mahsup edilmek \u00fczere, bak\u0131m alacakl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n nafaka y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcs\u00fc oldu\u011fu ki\u015filere nafaka \u00f6demesine karar verebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                Miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n tenkis ve alacakl\u0131lar\u0131n iptal davas\u0131 a\u00e7ma haklar\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                F. Sona ermesi<\/h4>
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. \u00d6nel verilerek fesih<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                                  MADDE 616-<\/strong>\u00a0Taraflar\u0131n edimleri aras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde orans\u0131zl\u0131k bulunur ve fazla alan taraf kendisine ba\u011f\u0131\u015fta bulunulma amac\u0131 g\u00fcd\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ispat edemezse di\u011fer taraf, alt\u0131 ay \u00f6nce bildirimde bulunmak ko\u015fuluyla, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi her zaman feshedebilir. Bu orans\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tespitinde, ilgili sosyal g\u00fcvenlik kurumunca, bak\u0131m bor\u00e7lusuna verilenin de\u011ferine denk d\u00fc\u015fen anapara de\u011feri ile ba\u011flanacak irat\u00a0<\/strong>aras\u0131ndaki fark esas al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                  S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona erdirilmesi an\u0131na kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcrede ifa edilmi\u015f edimler, anapara ve faiziyle birlikte de\u011ferlendirilerek, denkle\u015ftirme sonucunda alacakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan tarafa geri verilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. \u00d6nel verilmeksizin fesih<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                                    MADDE 617-<\/strong>\u00a0S\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan bor\u00e7lara ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131lmas\u0131 sebebiyle s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin devam\u0131 \u00e7ekilmez h\u00e2le gelir veya ba\u015fkaca \u00f6nemli sebepler s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin devam\u0131n\u0131 imk\u00e2ns\u0131z h\u00e2le getirir ya da a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirirse, taraflardan her biri s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi \u00f6nel vermeksizin feshedebilir. S\u00f6zle\u015fme bu sebeplerden birine dayan\u0131larak feshedildi\u011fi takdirde kusurlu taraf, ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feyi geri verir ve kusursuz tarafa, bu y\u00fczden u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k uygun bir tazminat \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olur.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                    H\u00e2kim, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin \u00f6nel verilmeksizin feshini yerinde bulabilece\u011fi gibi, taraflardan birinin istemiyle veya kendili\u011finden, aile toplulu\u011fu i\u00e7inde ya\u015famalar\u0131na son vererek, bak\u0131m alacakl\u0131s\u0131na \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu gelir ba\u011flayabilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                    III. Bak\u0131m bor\u00e7lusunun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                    MADDE 618-<\/strong>\u00a0Bak\u0131m bor\u00e7lusu \u00f6l\u00fcrse bak\u0131m alacakl\u0131s\u0131, bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin feshini isteyebilir. Bu durumda bak\u0131m alacakl\u0131s\u0131, bak\u0131m bor\u00e7lusunun iflas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, iflas masas\u0131ndan isteyebilece\u011fi miktara e\u015fit bir paran\u0131n kendisine \u00f6denmesini, bak\u0131m bor\u00e7lusunun miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                    G. Devredilemezlik, iflas ve haciz h\u00e2linde istem<\/h4>

                                                                                                                                                                                                    MADDE 619-\u00a0<\/strong>Bak\u0131m alacakl\u0131s\u0131, hakk\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fkas\u0131na devredemez.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                    Bak\u0131m bor\u00e7lusunun iflas\u0131 h\u00e2linde bak\u0131m alacakl\u0131s\u0131, bor\u00e7lunun \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemsel gelirin elde edilebilmesi i\u00e7in ilgili sosyal g\u00fcvenlik kurumunca \u00f6denmesi gereken anapara de\u011ferine e\u015fit bir paray\u0131, iflas masas\u0131na alacak kaydettirme hakk\u0131n\u0131 elde eder.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                    Bak\u0131m alacakl\u0131s\u0131, bu alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerce bor\u00e7luya kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmekte olan hacze kat\u0131labilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                    ONSEK\u0130Z\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                    Adi Ortakl\u0131k S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Tan\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                                      MADDE 620-<\/strong>\u00a0Adi ortakl\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, iki ya da daha fazla ki\u015finin emeklerini ve mallar\u0131n\u0131 ortak bir amaca eri\u015fmek \u00fczere birle\u015ftirmeyi \u00fcstlendikleri s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                      Bir ortakl\u0131k, kanunla d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f ortakl\u0131klar\u0131n ay\u0131rt edici niteliklerini ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131yorsa, bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine tabi adi ortakl\u0131k say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Ortaklar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki<\/strong><\/li>
                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Kat\u0131l\u0131m pay\u0131<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                                        MADDE 621-<\/strong>\u00a0Her ortak, para, alacak veya ba\u015fka bir mal ya da emek olarak, ortakl\u0131\u011fa bir kat\u0131l\u0131m pay\u0131 koymakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                        S\u00f6zle\u015fmede aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa kat\u0131l\u0131m paylar\u0131, ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi \u00f6nem ve nitelikte ve birbirine e\u015fit olmak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                        Bir orta\u011f\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m pay\u0131, bir \u015feyin kulland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan olu\u015fuyorsa kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesindeki;\u00a0bir \u015feyin m\u00fclkiyetinden olu\u015fuyorsa sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesindeki hasara, ay\u0131ptan ve zapttan sorumlulu\u011fa ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler k\u0131yas yoluyla uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Kazan\u00e7 ve zarar<\/strong><\/li>
                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Kazanc\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                                          MADDE 622-<\/strong>\u00a0Ortaklar, niteli\u011fi gere\u011fi ortakl\u0131\u011fa ait olan b\u00fct\u00fcn kazan\u00e7lar\u0131 aralar\u0131nda payla\u015fmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcrler.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Kazan\u00e7 ve zarara kat\u0131lma<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                                            MADDE 623-<\/strong>\u00a0S\u00f6zle\u015fmede aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa, her orta\u011f\u0131n kazan\u00e7 ve zarardaki pay\u0131, kat\u0131l\u0131m pay\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferine ve niteli\u011fine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n e\u015fittir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                            S\u00f6zle\u015fmede ortaklar\u0131n kazan\u00e7 veya zarara kat\u0131l\u0131m paylar\u0131ndan biri belirlenmi\u015fse bu belirleme, di\u011ferindeki pay\u0131 da ifade eder.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                            Bir orta\u011f\u0131n zarara kat\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131z kazanca kat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin anla\u015fma, ancak kat\u0131lma pay\u0131 olarak yaln\u0131zca eme\u011fini koymu\u015f olan ortak i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                            III. Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kararlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                            MADDE 624-<\/strong>\u00a0Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kararlar\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn ortaklar\u0131n oybirli\u011fiyle al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                            S\u00f6zle\u015fmede kararlar\u0131n oy \u00e7oklu\u011fuyla al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015fse \u00e7o\u011funluk, ortak say\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re belirlenir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u00f6netimi<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                                              MADDE 625-<\/strong>\u00a0Y\u00f6netim, s\u00f6zle\u015fme veya kararla yaln\u0131zca bir veya birden \u00e7ok orta\u011fa ya da \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015fiye b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, b\u00fct\u00fcn ortaklar ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6netme hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                              Ortakl\u0131k, ortaklar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc veya birka\u00e7\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmekte ise, bunlardan\u00a0her biri, di\u011ferleri kat\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n i\u015flem\u00a0yapabilir; ancak ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6netmeye yetkili olan her ortak, tamamlanmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce i\u015fleme itiraz etmek suretiyle, bu i\u015flemin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                              Ortakl\u0131\u011fa genel yetkili bir temsilci atanmas\u0131 ve ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ola\u011fan d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015flerinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in, b\u00fct\u00fcn ortaklar\u0131n oybirli\u011fi gereklidir. Ancak, gecikmesinde sak\u0131nca olan h\u00e2llerde, bu konuda y\u00f6netici ortaklardan her biri yetkilidir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Ortaklar aras\u0131ndaki sorumluluk<\/strong><\/li>
                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Rekabet yasa\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                MADDE 626-<\/strong>\u00a0Ortaklar, kendilerinin veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin menfaatine olarak, ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131 engelleyici veya zarar verici i\u015fleri yapamazlar.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Ortaklar\u0131n yapt\u0131klar\u0131 giderler ve i\u015fler<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  MADDE 627-<\/strong>\u00a0Ortaklardan birinin ortakl\u0131k i\u015fleri i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 giderlerden veya \u00fcstlendi\u011fi bor\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 di\u011fer ortaklar, ona kar\u015f\u0131 sorumlu olurlar; bu orta\u011f\u0131n, y\u00f6netim i\u015fleri y\u00fcz\u00fcnden do\u011frudan do\u011fruya u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zararlar ile ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u00f6netiminden kaynaklanan tehlikeler sonucunda do\u011fan zararlar\u0131, di\u011fer ortaklar gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcrler.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Ortakl\u0131\u011fa avans olarak para veren ortak, verdi\u011fi g\u00fcnden ba\u015flamak \u00fczere faiz isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2lde ortakl\u0131k i\u015fleri i\u00e7in emek sarfetmi\u015f olan bir ortak, hakkaniyetin gerektirdi\u011fi bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6denmesini isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. \u00d6zen borcu<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    MADDE 628-<\/strong>\u00a0Her ortak, ortakl\u0131k i\u015flerinde kendi i\u015flerinde oldu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00e7aba ve \u00f6zen g\u00f6stermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Her ortak, di\u011ferlerine kar\u015f\u0131, kendi kusuruyla verdi\u011fi zararlar\u0131, ba\u015fka i\u015flerde ortakl\u0131\u011fa sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 menfaatlerle mahsup ettirme hakk\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ortakl\u0131k i\u015flerini \u00fccret kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten ortak, vek\u00e2let h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re sorumlu olur.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Y\u00f6netim yetkisinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      MADDE 629-<\/strong>\u00a0Ortakl\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fmesiyle ortaklardan birine verilen y\u00f6netim yetkisi, hakl\u0131 bir sebep olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, di\u011fer ortaklarca kald\u0131r\u0131lamaz ve s\u0131n\u0131rlanamaz.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Ortakl\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde yetkinin kald\u0131r\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunsa bile, hakl\u0131 bir sebep varsa, di\u011fer ortaklardan her biri y\u00f6netim yetkisini kald\u0131rabilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Hakl\u0131 sebepler, \u00f6zellikle y\u00f6netici orta\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6revini a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ihmal etmesi veya iyi y\u00f6netim i\u00e7in gerekli olan yetene\u011fi kaybetmesi durumlar\u0131nda vard\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      VII. Y\u00f6netici ortaklar ile di\u011fer ortaklar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Genel olarak<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        MADDE 630-<\/strong>\u00a0Kanunun bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde veya ortakl\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde aksine h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a, y\u00f6netici ortaklar ile di\u011fer ortaklar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler, vek\u00e2let s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmlere tabidir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6netme yetkisi bulunmayan bir orta\u011f\u0131n, ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u015flerini g\u00f6rmesi veya bu yetkiye sahip orta\u011f\u0131n yetkisini a\u015fmas\u0131 h\u00e2llerinde, vek\u00e2letsiz i\u015fg\u00f6rmeye ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Y\u00f6netici ortaklar, y\u0131lda en az bir defa hesap vermek ve kazan\u00e7 paylar\u0131n\u0131 ortaklara \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcrler. Hesap d\u00f6neminin uzat\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin anla\u015fma kesin olarak h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczd\u00fcr. Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6netenin ortaklardan birisi olmamas\u0131 durumunda da ayn\u0131 kural uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Ortakl\u0131k i\u015flerini inceleme<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          MADDE 631-<\/strong>\u00a0Y\u00f6netim yetkisi olmasa bile, her orta\u011f\u0131n, ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u015fleyi\u015fi hakk\u0131nda bilgi alma, defter ve kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 inceleme, bunlardan \u00f6rnek alma ve mali durumu hakk\u0131nda \u00f6zet \u00e7\u0131karma hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Aksine s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler kesin olarak h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          VIII. Ortaklar aras\u0131ndaki ve ortakl\u0131k yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Yeni ortak al\u0131m\u0131 ve alt kat\u0131l\u0131m<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            MADDE 632-<\/strong>\u00a0Ortakl\u0131\u011fa, yeni bir ortak al\u0131nmas\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn ortaklar\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Ortaklardan biri tek tarafl\u0131 olarak bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiyi ortakl\u0131ktaki pay\u0131na ortak eder veya pay\u0131n\u0131 ona devrederse, bu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi ortak s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 kazanamaz.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kma ve \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lma<\/strong><\/li>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Genel olarak<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              MADDE 633-<\/strong>\u00a0Bir orta\u011f\u0131n fesih bildiriminde bulunmas\u0131, k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131, iflas\u0131, tasfiyedeki pay\u0131n\u0131n cebr\u00ee icra yoluyla paraya \u00e7evrilmesi veya \u00f6lmesi h\u00e2linde, s\u00f6zle\u015fmede ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n di\u011fer ortaklarla devam edece\u011fine ili\u015fkin bir h\u00fck\u00fcm varsa, bu durumlardan biri ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finde, o ortak veya temsilcisi ya da \u00f6len orta\u011f\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kabilir veya di\u011fer ortaklar taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lacak bir bildirimle ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Ortakl\u0131k pay\u0131n\u0131n tasfiyesi<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                MADDE 634-\u00a0<\/strong>Bir orta\u011f\u0131n ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 veya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda pay\u0131, di\u011fer ortaklara paylar\u0131 oran\u0131nda kendili\u011finden ge\u00e7er.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Di\u011fer ortaklar, ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kan veya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan orta\u011fa, kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ortakl\u0131\u011fa b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015fyay\u0131 geri vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olduklar\u0131 gibi, kendisini ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n muaccel bor\u00e7lar\u0131ndan do\u011fan m\u00fcteselsil sorumluluktan kurtararak, ortak s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n sona erdi\u011fi tarihte ortakl\u0131k tasfiye edilmi\u015f olsayd\u0131 \u00f6denmesi gereken tasfiye pay\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcrler. Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n hen\u00fcz muaccel olmayan bor\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in di\u011fer ortaklar, \u00e7\u0131kan veya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan orta\u011f\u0131 bor\u00e7tan kurtarmak yerine, kendisine bir g\u00fcvence verebilirler.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u00c7\u0131kan veya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan orta\u011f\u0131n tasfiye pay\u0131, ortakl\u0131k s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n sona erdi\u011fi tarih itibar\u0131yla, mali i\u015flerde uzman bir ki\u015fiye hesaplatt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Taraflar\u0131n uzman ki\u015fi \u00fczerinde anla\u015famamalar\u0131 durumunda bu ki\u015fi, h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan atan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yetersizli\u011fi<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  MADDE 635-\u00a0<\/strong>Ortakl\u0131k s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n sona erdi\u011fi tarihte, ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaya yetmezse, \u00e7\u0131kan veya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ortak, pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen bor\u00e7 tutar\u0131n\u0131, zarara kat\u0131lmaya ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemeler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde di\u011fer ortaklara \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f i\u015fler<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    MADDE 636-\u00a0<\/strong>\u00c7\u0131kan veya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ortak, ortak oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemde hen\u00fcz sonu\u00e7lanmam\u0131\u015f i\u015flerden do\u011fan k\u00e2ra veya zarara kat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ortakl\u0131k s\u0131fat\u0131 sona eren ki\u015fi, o hesap y\u0131l\u0131 sonu itibar\u0131yla, tamamlanm\u0131\u015f olan i\u015fler sebebiyle varsa ortakl\u0131ktan kendisine d\u00fc\u015fecek k\u00e2r pay\u0131n\u0131; devam eden i\u015fler hakk\u0131nda da gerekli bilgiyi isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Ortaklar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerle ili\u015fkisi<\/strong><\/li>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Temsil<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      MADDE 637-<\/strong>\u00a0Kendi ad\u0131na ve ortakl\u0131k hesab\u0131na bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi ile i\u015flemde bulunan ortak, bu ki\u015fiye kar\u015f\u0131 bizzat kendisi alacakl\u0131 ve bor\u00e7lu olur.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Ortaklardan biri, ortakl\u0131k veya b\u00fct\u00fcn ortaklar ad\u0131na bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi ile i\u015flem yaparsa, di\u011fer ortaklar ancak temsile ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler uyar\u0131nca, bu ki\u015finin alacakl\u0131s\u0131 veya bor\u00e7lusu olurlar.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Kendisine y\u00f6netim g\u00f6revi verilen orta\u011f\u0131n, ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya b\u00fct\u00fcn ortaklar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 temsil etme yetkisi var say\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak, temsil yetkisine sahip y\u00f6netici orta\u011f\u0131n yapaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemli tasarruf i\u015flemlerine ili\u015fkin yetkinin, b\u00fct\u00fcn ortaklar\u0131n oybirli\u011fiyle verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve yetki belgesinde bu hususun a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Temsilin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        MADDE 638-\u00a0<\/strong>Ortakl\u0131k i\u00e7in edinilen veya ortakl\u0131\u011fa devredilen \u015feyler, alacaklar ve ayni haklar, ortakl\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde elbirli\u011fi h\u00e2linde b\u00fct\u00fcn ortaklara ait olur.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Ortakl\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde aksine bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a, bir orta\u011f\u0131n alacakl\u0131lar\u0131, haklar\u0131n\u0131 ancak o orta\u011f\u0131n tasfiyedeki pay\u0131 \u00fczerinde kullanabilirler.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Ortaklar, birlikte veya bir temsilci arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile, bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye kar\u015f\u0131, ortakl\u0131k ili\u015fkisi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00fcstlendikleri\u00a0<\/strong>bor\u00e7lardan, aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa m\u00fcteselsilen sorumlu olurlar.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sona ermesi<\/strong><\/li>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Sona erme sebepleri<\/strong><\/li>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3. Genel olarak<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          MADDE 639-<\/strong>\u00a0Ortakl\u0131k, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki durumlarda sona erer:<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Ortakl\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen amac\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi veya ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesinin imk\u00e2ns\u0131z duruma gelmesiyle.<\/li>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. S\u00f6zle\u015fmede ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131larla s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi konusunda bir h\u00fck\u00fcm yoksa, ortaklardan birinin \u00f6lmesiyle.<\/li>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3. S\u00f6zle\u015fmede ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n devam edece\u011fine ili\u015fkin bir h\u00fck\u00fcm yoksa, birorta\u011f\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131, iflas\u0131 veya tasfiyedeki pay\u0131n\u0131n cebr\u00ee icra yoluyla paraya \u00e7evrilmesiyle.<\/li>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4. B\u00fct\u00fcn ortaklar\u0131n oybirli\u011fiyle karar vermesiyle.<\/li>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          5. Ortakl\u0131k i\u00e7in kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan s\u00fcrenin bitmesiyle.<\/li>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          6. Ortakl\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde feshi bildirme hakk\u0131 sakl\u0131 tutulmu\u015f veya ortakl\u0131k belirsiz bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in ya da ortaklardan birinin \u00f6mr\u00fc boyunca kurulmu\u015fsa, bir orta\u011f\u0131n fesih bildiriminde bulunmas\u0131yla.<\/li>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          7. Hakl\u0131 sebeplerin bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, her zaman ba\u015fkaca ko\u015ful aranmaks\u0131z\u0131n, fesih istemi \u00fczerine mahkeme karar\u0131yla.<\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Belirsiz s\u00fcreli ortakl\u0131k<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              MADDE 640-<\/strong>\u00a0Ortakl\u0131k, belirsiz s\u00fcre i\u00e7in veya ortaklardan birinin \u00f6mr\u00fc boyunca s\u00fcrmek \u00fczere kurulmu\u015fsa, ortaklardan her biri, alt\u0131 ay \u00f6nceden fesih bildiriminde bulunabilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Fesih bildirimi, d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak ve \u00f6zellikle uygun olmayan bir zamanda yap\u0131lamaz. Fesih bildirimi, ancak hesap y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade eder.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              S\u00f6zle\u015fmede \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olan s\u00fcrenin bitiminden sonra ortakl\u0131k, ortaklar\u0131n \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc iradesiyle s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrse, belirsiz s\u00fcreli ortakl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Sona ermenin ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u00f6netimine etkisi<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                MADDE 641-<\/strong>\u00a0Ortakl\u0131k, fesih bildiriminden ba\u015fka bir yolla sona ererse, bir orta\u011f\u0131n ortakl\u0131k i\u015flerini y\u00f6netme konusundaki yetkisi, sona ermeyi \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi veya durumun gerektirdi\u011fi \u00f6zeni g\u00f6sterseydi \u00f6\u011frenebilece\u011fi zamana kadar, kendisi hakk\u0131nda devam eder.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Ortakl\u0131k, ortaklardan birinin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle sona ererse, \u00f6len orta\u011f\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, durumu hemen di\u011fer ortaklara bildirmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Miras\u00e7\u0131, gerekli \u00f6nlemler al\u0131n\u0131ncaya kadar, \u00f6len orta\u011f\u0131n daha \u00f6nce y\u00fcr\u00fctmekte oldu\u011fu i\u015flere, d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde devam eder. Di\u011fer ortaklar da, ge\u00e7ici olarak, ortakl\u0131k i\u015flerini ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye devam ederler.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                III. Tasfiye<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Kat\u0131l\u0131m pay\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lacak i\u015flem<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  MADDE 642-<\/strong>\u00a0Kat\u0131l\u0131m pay\u0131 olarak bir \u015feyin m\u00fclkiyetini koyan ortak, ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sona ermesi \u00fczerine yap\u0131lacak tasfiye sonucunda, o \u015feyi oldu\u011fu gibi geri alamaz; ancak koydu\u011fu kat\u0131l\u0131m pay\u0131na ne de\u011fer bi\u00e7ilmi\u015fse, o de\u011feri isteyebilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Bu de\u011fer belirlenmemi\u015fse, geri alma, o \u015feyin kat\u0131l\u0131m pay\u0131 olarak kondu\u011fu zamandaki de\u011feri \u00fczerinden yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Kazan\u00e7 ve zarar\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    MADDE 643-<\/strong>\u00a0Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bor\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6dendikten ve ortaklardan her birinin ortakl\u0131\u011fa verdi\u011fi avanslar ile ortakl\u0131k i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 giderler ve koymu\u015f oldu\u011fu kat\u0131l\u0131m pay\u0131 geri verildikten sonra bir \u015fey artarsa, bu kazan\u00e7, ortaklar aras\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, bor\u00e7lar, giderler ve\u00a0avanslar \u00f6dendikten sonra kalan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ortaklar\u0131n koyduklar\u0131 kat\u0131l\u0131m paylar\u0131n\u0131n geri verilmesine yetmezse, zarar ortaklar aras\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Tasfiye usul\u00fc<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      MADDE 644-<\/strong>\u00a0Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sona ermesi h\u00e2linde tasfiye, y\u00f6netici olmayan ortaklar da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere, b\u00fct\u00fcn ortaklar\u0131n elbirli\u011fiyle yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak, ortakl\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde, ortaklardan biri taraf\u0131ndan kendi ad\u0131na ve ortakl\u0131k hesab\u0131na belirli baz\u0131 i\u015flemlerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fse, bu ortak, ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sona ermesinden sonra da o i\u015flemleri tek ba\u015f\u0131na yapmak ve di\u011ferlerine hesap vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Ortaklar, tasfiye i\u015flerini y\u00fcr\u00fctmek \u00fczere tasfiye g\u00f6revlisi atayabilirler. Bu konuda anla\u015famamalar\u0131 h\u00e2linde, ortaklardan her biri, tasfiye g\u00f6revlisinin h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan atanmas\u0131 isteminde bulunabilir.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Tasfiye g\u00f6revlisine \u00f6denecek \u00fccret, s\u00f6zle\u015fmede buna ili\u015fkin bir h\u00fck\u00fcm veya ortaklarca oybirli\u011fiyle verilmi\u015f bir karar yoksa tasfiyenin gerektirdi\u011fi emek ile ortakl\u0131k malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geliri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutularak h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan belirlenir ve ortakl\u0131k malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, buna imk\u00e2n bulunamazsa, ortaklardan m\u00fcteselsilen kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Tasfiye usul\u00fcne veya tasfiye sonucunda her bir orta\u011fa da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lacak paya ili\u015fkin olarak do\u011fabilecek uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar, ilgililerin istemi \u00fczerine h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme ba\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 sorumluluk<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        MADDE 645-<\/strong>\u00a0Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sona ermesi, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 olan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri de\u011fi\u015ftirmez.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        T\u00fcrk Meden\u00ee Kanunu ile ili\u015fkisi<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        MADDE 646-<\/strong>\u00a0Bu Kanun, 22\/11\/2001 tarihli ve 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Meden\u00ee Kanununun Be\u015finci Kitab\u0131 olup, onun tamamlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lan Kanun<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        MADDE 647-\u00a0<\/strong>22\/4\/1926 tarihli ve 818 say\u0131l\u0131 Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        GE\u00c7\u0130C\u0130 MADDE 1-<\/strong>\u00a0(Ek:8\/6\/2022-7409\/4 md.)<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Konut kiralar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bu maddenin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarih il\u00e2 1\/7\/2023 (bu tarih d\u00e2hil) tarihleri aras\u0131nda yenilenen kira d\u00f6nemlerinde uygulanacak kira bedeline ili\u015fkin anla\u015fmalar, bir \u00f6nceki kira y\u0131l\u0131na ait kira bedelinin y\u00fczde yirmi be\u015fini ge\u00e7memek ko\u015fuluyla ge\u00e7erlidir. Bir \u00f6nceki kira y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketici fiyat endeksindeki oniki ayl\u0131k ortalamalara g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fim oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde yirmi be\u015fin alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131 halinde de\u011fi\u015fim oran\u0131 ge\u00e7erlidir. Bu kural, bir y\u0131ldan daha uzun s\u00fcreli kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde de uygulan\u0131r. Bu oranlar\u0131 ge\u00e7ecek \u015fekilde yap\u0131lan s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler, fazla miktar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ge\u00e7ersizdir. Bu f\u0131kra h\u00fckm\u00fc, 344 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan verilecek kararlar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        GE\u00c7\u0130C\u0130 MADDE 2<\/strong>–\u00a0(Ek:<\/strong>\u00a014\/7\/2023-7456\/23\u00a0md.)<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Konut kiralar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan 2\/7\/2023 il\u00e2 1\/7\/2024 (bu tarihler d\u00e2hil) tarihleri aras\u0131nda yenilenen kira d\u00f6nemlerinde uygulanacak kira bedeline ili\u015fkin anla\u015fmalar, bir \u00f6nceki kira y\u0131l\u0131na ait kira bedelinin y\u00fczde yirmi be\u015fini ge\u00e7memek ko\u015fuluyla ge\u00e7erlidir. Bir \u00f6nceki kira y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketici fiyat endeksindeki oniki ayl\u0131k ortalamalara g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fim oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde yirmi be\u015fin alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131 halinde de\u011fi\u015fim oran\u0131 ge\u00e7erlidir. Bu kural, bir y\u0131ldan daha uzun s\u00fcreli kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde de uygulan\u0131r. Bu oranlar\u0131 ge\u00e7ecek \u015fekilde yap\u0131lan s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler, fazla miktar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ge\u00e7ersizdir. Bu f\u0131kra h\u00fckm\u00fc, 344 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan verilecek kararlar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u00a0<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        MADDE 648-<\/strong>\u00a0Bu Kanun 1 Temmuz 2012 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girer.<\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Y\u00fcr\u00fctme<\/strong><\/p>

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        MADDE 649-<\/strong>\u00a0Bu Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini Bakanlar Kurulu y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        T\u00dcRK BOR\u00c7LAR KANUNU B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 KISIM Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM Bor\u00e7 \u0130li\u015fkisinin Kaynaklar\u0131 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 AYIRIM S\u00f6zle\u015fmeden Do\u011fan Bor\u00e7 \u0130li\u015fkileri A. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131 I. \u0130rade a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 1. Genel olarak MADDE 1-\u00a0S\u00f6zle\u015fme, taraflar\u0131n iradelerini kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ve birbirine uygun olarak a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131yla kurulur. \u0130rade a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131k veya \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc olabilir. \u00a0 2. \u0130kinci derecedeki noktalar MADDE 2-\u00a0Taraflar s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin esasl\u0131 noktalar\u0131nda uyu\u015fmu\u015flarsa, ikinci derecedeki noktalar \u00fczerinde durulmam\u0131\u015f olsa bile, s\u00f6zle\u015fme kurulmu\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130kinci derecedeki noktalarda uyu\u015fulamazsa h\u00e2kim, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fin \u00f6zelli\u011fine bakarak karara ba\u011flar. S\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin \u015fekline ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler sakl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00a0 II. \u00d6neri ve kabul 1. S\u00fcreli \u00f6neri MADDE 3-\u00a0Kabul i\u00e7in s\u00fcre belirleyerek bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6neren, bu s\u00fcrenin sona ermesine kadar \u00f6nerisiyle ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Kabul bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde kendisine ula\u015fmazsa; \u00f6neren, \u00f6nerisiyle ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131ktan kurtulur. \u00a0 2. S\u00fcresiz \u00f6neri a. Haz\u0131r olanlar aras\u0131nda MADDE 4-\u00a0Kabul i\u00e7in s\u00fcre belirlenmeksizin haz\u0131r olan bir ki\u015fiye yap\u0131lan \u00f6neri hemen kabul edilmezse; \u00f6neren, \u00f6nerisiyle ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131ktan kurtulur. Telefon, bilgisayar gibi ileti\u015fim sa\u011flayabilen ara\u00e7larla do\u011frudan ileti\u015fim s\u0131ras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u00f6neri, haz\u0131r olanlar aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. \u00a0 b. Haz\u0131r olmayanlar aras\u0131nda MADDE 5-\u00a0Kabul i\u00e7in s\u00fcre belirlenmeksizin haz\u0131r olmayan bir ki\u015fiye yap\u0131lan \u00f6neri, zaman\u0131nda ve usul\u00fcne uygun olarak g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f bir yan\u0131t\u0131n ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n beklenebilece\u011fi ana kadar, \u00f6nereni ba\u011flar. \u00d6neren, \u00f6nerisini zaman\u0131nda ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f sayabilir. Zaman\u0131nda g\u00f6nderilen kabul, \u00f6nerene ge\u00e7 ula\u015f\u0131r ve \u00f6neren …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8262","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu (6098 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun) - Av. Deniz Can K\u0131z\u0131l<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/denizcankizil.tr\/de\/turk-borclar-kanunu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu (6098 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"T\u00dcRK BOR\u00c7LAR KANUNU B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 KISIM Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM Bor\u00e7 \u0130li\u015fkisinin Kaynaklar\u0131 B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 AYIRIM S\u00f6zle\u015fmeden Do\u011fan Bor\u00e7 \u0130li\u015fkileri A. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131 I. \u0130rade a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 1. Genel olarak MADDE 1-\u00a0S\u00f6zle\u015fme, taraflar\u0131n iradelerini kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ve birbirine uygun olarak a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131yla kurulur. \u0130rade a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131k veya \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc olabilir. \u00a0 2. \u0130kinci derecedeki noktalar MADDE 2-\u00a0Taraflar s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin esasl\u0131 noktalar\u0131nda uyu\u015fmu\u015flarsa, ikinci derecedeki noktalar \u00fczerinde durulmam\u0131\u015f olsa bile, s\u00f6zle\u015fme kurulmu\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130kinci derecedeki noktalarda uyu\u015fulamazsa h\u00e2kim, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fin \u00f6zelli\u011fine bakarak karara ba\u011flar. S\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin \u015fekline ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler sakl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00a0 II. \u00d6neri ve kabul 1. 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Haz\u0131r olmayanlar aras\u0131nda MADDE 5-\u00a0Kabul i\u00e7in s\u00fcre belirlenmeksizin haz\u0131r olmayan bir ki\u015fiye yap\u0131lan \u00f6neri, zaman\u0131nda ve usul\u00fcne uygun olarak g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f bir yan\u0131t\u0131n ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n beklenebilece\u011fi ana kadar, \u00f6nereni ba\u011flar. \u00d6neren, \u00f6nerisini zaman\u0131nda ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f sayabilir. Zaman\u0131nda g\u00f6nderilen kabul, \u00f6nerene ge\u00e7 ula\u015f\u0131r ve \u00f6neren …\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/denizcankizil.tr\/de\/turk-borclar-kanunu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Av. 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